1
|
Voss L, Nóbrega M, Bandeira L, Griz L, Rocha-Filho PAS, Bandeira F. Impaired physical function and evaluation of quality of life in normocalcemic and hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Bone 2020; 141:115583. [PMID: 32795678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe primary hyperparathyroidism may be associated with muscle weakness and fatigue, but little is known about this effect in milder forms of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate physical function and quality of life in patients with normocalcemic (NPHPT) and hypercalcemic (HPHPT) primary hyperparathyroidism. METHODS This was a case-control study on 40 postmenopausal women. Thirteen patients with NPHPT, 7 patients with HPHPT, and their controls were studied. Mean serum PTH in the control group was 49.10 ± 12.38 pg/mL. All of the participants answered the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF36) and were submitted to 2 strength tests (Hand Grip strength and Chair stand test) and 2 performance tests for physical function (Short physical performance battery and Gait speed). Body composition analysis was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and multifrequency bioimpedance (BIA). RESULTS Patients with NPHPT had lower grip strength (p = 0.005), a higher mean time of the chair stand test (p = 0.012), a lower mean gait speed (p < 0.001) and a lower score for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (p = 0.010) than the control group. Patients with HPHPT had lower handgrip strength (p = 0.027), a higher mean time of the chair stand test (p = 0.017), and a lower score for the SPPB (p = 0.049) than the control group. Patients with NPHPT showed a higher gait speed when compared to HPHPT (p = 0.048). There was no difference between BIA and DXA body composition indices between the PHPT groups and their controls. The evaluation of the SF-36 showed significantly less quality of life in the general health domain among the NPHPT group and in the mental health domain among the HPHPT than in the controls. CONCLUSION Patients with NPHPT and HPHPT have decreased physical performance and strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Voss
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhaes Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maira Nóbrega
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhaes Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Griz
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhaes Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Bandeira
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhaes Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; FBandeira Endocrine Institute, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karlsson JOG, Grundstrom N, Elwing H, Andersson RGG. The Fish Pigment Cell: An Alternative Model in Biomedical Research. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299001800121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated pigment aggregation within pigment cells (chromatophores) of an isolated fish scale is an ideal model system for functional receptor studies. The superficial layer of the scale contains both dermal chromatophores and postganglionic sympathetic nerves. By means of stimulation of the nerves, or by addition of appropriate receptor agonists, it is possible to elicit pigment aggregation within the chromatophores. A single fish can contribute hundreds of scales, various pharmacological and biochemical experiments are easily carried out and the physiological response, i.e. pigment aggregation, is readily evaluated by the aid of a light microscope or a simple scale photometer.A denervation model, based on isolated scales, permits studies of factors involved in the sensitivity change, which typically takes place after experimental or pathological denervation.By using isolated fish scales it is quite simple to illustrate many biomedically important concepts, like receptor theory and nerve-effector cell communication. This makes the scale a very useful preparation in biomedical education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Grundstrom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Linköping, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Elwing
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, University of Linköping, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin HH, King YC, Li YC, Lin CC, Chen YC, Lin JS, Jeng ST. The p38-like MAP kinase modulated H 2O 2 accumulation in wounding signaling pathways of sweet potato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:305-313. [PMID: 30824008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv Tainung 57), MAPK cascades are involved in the regulation of Ipomoelin (IPO) expression upon wounding. p38 MAPK plays an important role in plant's responses to various environmental stresses. However, the role of p38-like MAPK in wounding response is still unknown. In this study, the levels of phosphorylated-p38-like MAPK (pp38-like MAPK) in sweet potato were noticeably reduced after wounding. In addition, SB203580 (SB), a specific inhibitor blocking p38 MAPK phosphorylation, considerably decreased the accumulation of pp38-like MAPK. Expression of a wound-inducible gene IPO was elevated by SB. Moreover, it stimulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production rather than cytosolic Ca2+ elevation in sweet potato leaves. However, NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium could not inhibit IPO induction stimulated by SB. These results indicated a p38-like MAPK mechanism was involved in the regulation of IPO expression through NOX-independent H2O2 generation. In addition, the presence of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the MEK1/ERK inhibitor PD98059 repressed the H2O2- or SB-induced IPO expression, demonstrating phosphatase(s) and MEK1/ERK functioning in the downstream of H2O2 and pp38-like MAPK in the signal transduction pathway stimulating IPO. Conclusively, wounding decreased the amount of pp38-like MAPK, stimulated H2O2 production, and then induced IPO expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 82444, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shane Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Department of life sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cooper DMF. Store-operated Ca²⁺-entry and adenylyl cyclase. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:368-75. [PMID: 25978874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the longest-standing effects of SOCE is in its selective regulation of Ca(2+)-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in non-excitable cells. Remarkably it was this source of Ca(2+) (SOCE) rather than the apparent magnitude of the Ca(2+)-rise that conferred AC responsiveness. The molecular basis for this dependence is now resolved in the case of adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8). Sensors for Ca(2+) and cAMP targeted to ACs have been particularly useful in dissecting the influences upon and composition of what turn out to be signalling microdomains centred on ACs. A number of physiological processes depend on the regulation by SOCE of ACs, but the issue is under-studied. Here I will expand on these topics and point to some immediate unresolved questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dermot M F Cooper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeong HJ, Jung J, Kim MG, Kim HM. Evaluation on Efficacy of Modern Medicine Ketotifen Using Traditional Delivery Science Acupuncture in Allergic Animal Models. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Ko YJ, Kim HH, Kim EJ, Katakura Y, Lee WS, Kim GS, Ryu CH. Piceatannol inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:951-8. [PMID: 23426871 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol is a phenolic stilbenoid and a metabolite of resveratrol which is found in red wine. Piceatannol (PIC) commonly exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet and antiproliferative activity. In the present study, the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of PIC were investigated by examining the effects of PIC on pro‑inflammatory cytokine release and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK, JNK and p38) in a human mast cell line. PIC dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E-mediated local allergic reactions. PIC reduced the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated local allergic reaction and attenuated histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Histamine and β-hexosaminidase release was markedly decreased dose-dependently by PIC treatment in RBL-2H3 cells. PIC treatments of HMC-1 cells definitely reduced mRNA expression and the release of the pro‑inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8. MAP kinase phosphorylation was also strongly decreased dose-dependently following PIC treatment. PIC regulated the production of cytokines and histamine in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus A23187-stimulated mast cells. Thus, PIC may alleviate allergic inflammation and may be a useful therapeutic agent for allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Ko
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK 21 Program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Organization of cAMP signalling microdomains for optimal regulation by Ca2+ entry. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 40:246-50. [PMID: 22260699 DOI: 10.1042/bst20110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cross-talk between cAMP and Ca2+ signalling pathways plays a critical role in cellular homoeostasis. Several AC (adenylate cyclase) isoforms, catalysing the production of cAMP from ATP, display sensitivity to submicromolar changes in intracellular Ca2+ and, as a consequence, are key sites for Ca2+ and cAMP interplay. Interestingly, these Ca2+-regulated ACs are not equally responsive to equivalent Ca2+ rises within the cell, but display a remarkable selectivity for regulation by SOCE (store-operated Ca2+ entry). Over the years, considerable efforts at investigating this phenomenon have provided indirect evidence of an intimate association between Ca2+-sensitive AC isoforms and sites of SOCE. Now, recent identification of the molecular components of SOCE [namely STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) and Orai1], coupled with significant advances in the generation of high-resolution targeted biosensors for Ca2+ and cAMP, have provided the first detailed insight into the organization of the cellular microdomains associated with Ca2+-regulated ACs. In the present review, I summarize the findings that have helped to provide our most definitive understanding of the selective regulation of cAMP signalling by SOCE.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing due to rapid industrialization and changes in lifestyle. Pyeongwee-San (KMP6) is a traditional Korean medicine that has been used as a basic prescription for digestive disorders. This study investigated the efficacy of KMP6 and its component hesperidin on experimental allergic models. METHODS The anti-allergic effect of KMP6 was studied against a compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction and the ear swelling response. In addition, a human mast cell line (HMC-1) was used to analyze the activity of histidine decarboxylase. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) from immunoglobulin E (IgE) was used. KEY FINDINGS KMP6 and hesperidin inhibited the compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction and the ear swelling response as well as histamine release, intracellular calcium levels and tryptase release from rat peritoneal mast cells. KMP6 inhibited histidine decarboxylase activity in stimulated HMC-1 cells and macrophages. In addition, KMP6 inhibited the PCA reaction induced by IgE as well as the levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 in serum from mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that KMP6 may exert an anti-allergic effect through not only the inhibition of mast cell degranulation but also the inhibition of histamine synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chae HS, Chin YW. Anti-allergic effect of lambertianic acid fromThuja orientalisin mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:250-5. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.600763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
10
|
Chae HS, Kang OH, Oh YC, Choi JG, Keum JH, Kim SB, Kim YS, Mun SH, Shin DW, Han SH, Kwon DY. Gomisin N has anti-allergic effect and inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:709-13. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.562215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
11
|
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Kang OH, Lee JH, Kwon DY. Apigenin inhibits release of inflammatory mediators by blocking the NF-κB activation pathways in the HMC-1 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:473-9. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.538851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
15
|
Gwynn GJ, Costa E. Opioids regulate cGMP formation in cloned neuroblastoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 79:690-4. [PMID: 16593149 PMCID: PMC345812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid agonists caused a rapid dose-related elevation of the cGMP content of N4TG1 murine neuroblastoma cells. An excellent correlation was found between the rank order of potency of agonists in stimulating cGMP accumulation and in displacing [(3)H]etorphine ([(3)H]ETP) bound to intact cells. The narcotic antagonists naloxone and diprenorphine failed to increase cGMP content; moreover, in the presence of 5 muM naloxone, the EC(50) of ETP increased from approximately 9 nM to > 1 muM. N4TG1 cells that had been incubated for 20 min with 0.32 muM ETP and thoroughly washed displayed a marked loss in sensitivity to subsequent ETP challenge. This desensitization was characterized by a 40-50% decrease in maximal response and an increase in the apparent K(a) of ETP from 4 to 50 nM. Desensitization was complete after a 7-min incubation with 0.32 muM ETP (t((1/2)) approximately 1 min) and was only slowly reversible (t((1/2)) > 60 min). Naloxone (5 muM) and diprenorphine (0.1 muM) failed to elicit desensitization, but they blocked ETP-induced desensitization. Dextrophan and (+)-ethylketazocine were <1% as effective as levorphanol and (-)-ethylketazocine, respectively, in both stimulating cGMP accumulation and inducing desensitization. When the binding of [(3)H]ETP (0.2-20 nM) was examined under identical experimental conditions, cells that were completely desensitized by incubation with ETP (7 min with 0.32 muM or 20 min with 15 nM) showed no loss of high-affinity recognition sites. After longer incubation with ETP (0.32 muM for 20-60 min), the maximal binding of [(3)H]ETP was reduced 17-41%. The specific short-term desensitization of cGMP accumulation is not mediated or accompanied by a decrement in the number of agonist binding sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Gwynn
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ciarcia R, d'Angelo D, Pacilio C, Pagnini D, Galdiero M, Fiorito F, Damiano S, Mattioli E, Lucchetti C, Florio S, Giordano A. Dysregulated calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:443-53. [PMID: 20432440 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disorder caused by the oncogenic activity of the Bcr-Abl protein, a deregulated tyrosine kinase. Calcium may act directly on cellular enzymes and in conjunction with other cellular metabolites, such as cyclic nucleotides, to regulate cell functions. Alteration in the ionized calcium concentration in the cytosol has been implicated in the initiation of secretion, contraction, and cell proliferation as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been correlates with normal cell proliferation through activation of growth-related signaling pathways. In this study we evaluated in peripheral blood leukocytes from CML patients the role of the balance between intracellular calcium and oxidative stress in CML disease in order to identify possible therapeutic targets in patients affected by this pathology. Our results demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from CML patients displayed decreased intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i) fluxes both after InsP(3) as well as ATP and ionomycin (IONO) administration. CML cells showed lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and significantly higher malondialdehyde levels (MDA) than peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from control patients. Finally we showed that resveratrol is able to down-regulate InsP3 and ATP effects on intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i) fluxes as well as the effects of ATP and IONO on oxidative stress in CML cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Structures, Functions and Biological Technologies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Willoughby D, Wachten S, Masada N, Cooper DMF. Direct demonstration of discrete Ca2+ microdomains associated with different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:107-17. [PMID: 20016071 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.062067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)-sensitive adenylyl cyclases (ACs) orchestrate dynamic interplay between Ca(2+) and cAMP that is a crucial feature of cellular homeostasis. Significantly, these ACs are highly selective for capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE) over other modes of Ca(2+) increase. To directly address the possibility that these ACs reside in discrete Ca(2+) microdomains, we tethered a Ca(2+) sensor, GCaMP2, to the N-terminus of Ca(2+)-stimulated AC8. GCaMP2-AC8 measurements were compared with global, plasma membrane (PM)-targeted or Ca(2+)-insensitive AC2-targeted GCaMP2. In intact cells, GCaMP2-AC8 responded rapidly to CCE, but was largely unresponsive to other types of Ca(2+) rise. The global GCaMP2, PM-targeted GCaMP2 and GCaMP2-AC2 sensors reported large Ca(2+) fluxes during Ca(2+) mobilization and non-specific Ca(2+) entry, but were less responsive to CCE than GCaMP2-AC8. Our data reveal that different AC isoforms localize to distinct Ca(2+)-microdomains within the plasma membrane. AC2, which is regulated via protein kinase C, resides in a microdomain that is exposed to a range of widespread Ca(2+) signals seen throughout the cytosol. By contrast, a unique Ca(2+) microdomain surrounds AC8 that promotes selectivity for Ca(2+) signals arising from CCE, and optimizes CCE-mediated cAMP synthesis. This direct demonstration of discrete compartmentalized Ca(2+) signals associated with specific signalling proteins provides a remarkable insight into the functional organization of signalling microdomains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Willoughby
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luteolin isolated from the flowers of Lonicera japonica suppresses inflammatory mediator release by blocking NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation pathways in HMC-1 cells. Molecules 2010; 15:385-98. [PMID: 20110898 PMCID: PMC6257122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxylflavone) is a plant flavonoid and pharmacologically active agent that has been isolated from several plant species. In the present study, the effect of luteolin from the flowers of Lonicera japonica on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187-induced mast cell activation was examined. Luteolin significantly inhibited the induction of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by PMA plus A23187. Moreover, luteolin attenuated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and intracellular Ca2+ levels. In activated HMC-1 cells, the phosphorylation of extra-signal response kinase (ERK 1/2) and c-jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK 1/2), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were decreased by treatment of the cells with luteolin. Luteolin inhibited PMA plus A23187-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, IκB degradation, and luciferase activity. Furthermore, luteolin suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, GM-CSF, and COX-2 through a decrease in the intracellular Ca2+ levels, and also showed a suppression of the ERK 1/2, JNK 1/2, and NF-κB activation. These results indicated that luteolin from the flowers of Lonicera japonica exerted a regulatory effect on mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as RA, allergy disease and IBD.
Collapse
|
19
|
Canal I, Ferrús A. The expression ofUltrabithorax (Ubx)during development of the nervous system ofDrosophila. J Neurogenet 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01677068709167179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
20
|
Canal I, Ferrús A. The expression of Ultrabithorax (Ubx) during development of the nervous system of Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01677068709102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Synaptic membranes from rat brain contain several calcium-requiring protein kinase (PK) activities with different substrate specificities: (a) an activity (CaH-PK) effective at high concentrations of Ca2+ ion in the absence of Mg2+ (active on class F substrates); (b) a (Ca + Mg)-PK activity that is mediated by Ca2+ ion in the presence of Mg2+ (active on class B substrates); (c) (Ca-CaM)-PK activities that exhibit simultaneous requirements for both Ca2+ ion and CaM (for class C and D substrates). Also described are three activities (d-f) that do not require Ca2+ ion: (d) a Mg-PK activity in which the presence of Ca2+ causes the inhibition of phosphorylation (active on class A substrates); (e) an activity affecting a diverse group of substrates (class E substrates), the phosphorylation of which occurs in the presence of Mg2+ ion alone (Mg-PK activity) and is unaffected by the addition of Ca2+ ion and CaM, the substrates of which show different responses to several types of inhibitors; and, finally, (f) the previously well characterized cAMP-dependent PK activities. Several of the substrates of these kinases have been identified in a fairly unambiguous manner: among them are P43 (class A), as the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase; P54 (class B), as the presynaptic protein B50; and the doublet P75-P80, as proteins IA and IB of Ueda and Greengard. The most interesting activity is that requiring both Ca2+ and CaM. The half-maximal stimulation (K0.5) for Ca2+ in the presence of CaM was found to be 1.0 microM Ca2+F in untreated membranes. There is little change in this value on prior EGTA extraction of the membranes, which removes the bulk of its Ca2+ and reduces its residual CaM by greater than or equal to 50%. The apparent K0.5 for CaM in the presence of excess Ca2+ ion was found to equal 0.4 microgram per reaction mixture (8 micrograms/ml) or 1.35 micrograms per reaction mixture (27 micrograms/ml), for the untreated and EGTA-treated membranes, respectively.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen YC, Lin HH, Jeng ST. Calcium influxes and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase activation mediate ethylene inducing ipomoelin gene expression in sweet potato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2008; 31:62-72. [PMID: 17971062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ipomoelin gene (IPO) was identified to be a wound-inducible gene from Ipomoea batatas, and its expression was stimulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and hydrogen peroxide. IPO protein was also characterized as a defence-related protein, and it is also a carbohydrate-binding protein. In this study, the expression of IPO was used as a molecular probe to study the effects of Ca2+ on the signal transduction of ethylene. A confocal microscope monitored the Ca2+ within cells, and Northern blotting examined IPO expression. The presence of Ca2+ channel blocker, including diltiazem, neomycin or ruthenium red, abolished the increase of cytosolic Ca2+, and reduced the IPO expression in the cells induced by ethylene. Furthermore, both Ca2+ influxes and IPO expression stimulated by ethylene were prohibited in the presence of 10 mm ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). These results indicated that Ca2+ influxes into the cytosol induced by ethylene are from both apoplast and organelles, and are required for activating IPO expression. However, in the presence of 1 mm EGTA, ethylene can still stimulate IPO expression, but mechanical wounding failed to do it. Therefore, Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane induced by ethylene have higher affinity to Ca2+ than that stimulated by wounding. Moreover, the addition of A23187, an ionophore, raised cytosolic Ca2+, but was unable to stimulate IPO expression. These findings showed that IPO induction did not solely depend on Ca2+, and Ca2+ elevation in cytosol is necessary but not sufficient for IPO expression. The application of PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor, did not prevent Ca2+ from increasing in the cytosol induced by ethylene, but inhibited the IPO expression stimulated by staurosporine (STA), a protein kinase inhibitor. Conclusively, elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ by ethylene may stimulate protein phosphatase and MAPKK, which finally activates IPO expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Henrich M, Buckler KJ, McMenamin M, Mee CJ, Sattelle DB, Paterson DJ. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene transfer decreases [Ca2+]i in cardiac sympathetic neurons. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:717-25. [PMID: 17961591 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) can decrease cardiac sympathetic outflow and facilitate parasympathetic neurotransmission. The precise pathway responsible for nitric oxide (NO) mediated inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission is not known, but may be related to NO-cGMP activation of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) that enhances the breakdown of cAMP to deactivate protein kinase A (PKA), resulting in a decrease in Ca(2+) influx mediated exocytosis of the neurotransmitter. We investigated depolarization evoked Ca(2+) influx in nNOS gene transduced sympathetic neurons from stellate ganglia with a noradrenergic cell specific vector (Ad.PRS-nNOS or empty vector), and examined how nNOS gene transfer affected cAMP and cGMP levels in these neurons. We found that targeting nNOS into these sympathetic neurons reduced amplitudes of voltage activated Ca(2+) transients by 44%. nNOS specific inhibition by N-[(4S)-4-Amino-5-[(2-aminoetyl](amino] pentyl]-N'-nitroguanidine (AAAN) reversed this response. nNOS gene transfer also increased intracellular cGMP (47%) and decreased cAMP (29%). A PDE2 specific inhibitor Bay60-7557 reversed the reduction in cAMP caused by Ad.PRS-nNOS. These results suggest that neuronal NO modulates cGMP and PDE2 to regulate voltage gated intracellular Ca(2+) transients in sympathetic neurons. Therefore, we propose this as a possible key step involved in NO decreasing cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hue L. The role of futile cycles in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 52:247-331. [PMID: 6261536 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122976.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
25
|
Jeong HJ, Hong SH, Park RK, An NH, Kim HM. Ethanol induces the production of cytokines via the Ca2+, MAP kinase, HIF-1α, and NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2005; 77:2179-92. [PMID: 15925386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to investigate the signal transduction pathways of expression of cytokines in the ethanol-stimulated human mast cell line, HMC-1. Ethanol significantly increased the intracellular calcium level in HMC-1. Ethanol also significantly enhanced IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta1 production compared with media control, but did not significantly affect the IL-1beta production. After 8 h of stimulation, ethanol increased mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in HMC-1. The increased cytokine level was significantly inhibited by BAPTA-AM, PD98059, and SB203580. These inhibitors also inhibited ethanol-induced ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Ethanol resulted in a great increase in protein levels and promoter activity driving luciferase expression of HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB in HMC-1 cells, but it did not affect on HIF-1alpha mRNA expression. Our observations show that calcium, MAPK activation, HIF-1alpha, and NF-kappaB are necessary for ethanol-induced TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 expression. These results may have important implications for the study of alcohol-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Telang RS, Tripathi HC, Mishra SK, Raviprakash V. Adenosine affects the calcium dynamics of rat portal vein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 23:181-92. [PMID: 14690493 DOI: 10.1046/j.1474-8673.2003.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study was carried out to characterize the effect of adenosine on calcium dynamics in the rat portal vein. Isolated portal vein of male albino rats was used as the experimental model as it exhibits autorhythmicity. 2. Adenosine and its analogues 2-CAD, N6-CHA and NECA were used to characterize the type of adenosine receptor involved and 2-CAD was used along with adenosine throughout the other part of study to characterize the effect of adenosine on Ca2+ dynamics. Adenosine and its analogues were found to inhibit the spontaneous contractions of rat portal vein in a concentration-related manner. The order of potency was NECA > 2-CAD > N6-CHA > adenosine. Incubation of the tissue with CGS-15943A, an adenosine receptor antagonist, had a per se enhancing effect on autorhythmicity. Adenosine and 2-CAD failed to reverse the contractile response produced by hypertonic KCl (80 or 30 mM). Whereas adenosine and 2-CAD effectively relaxed the tissues contracted with phenylephrine (10(-5) m). 3. Preincubation of the tissue with 2-CAD (10(-4), 10(-5) or 10(-6) m) for 5 min raised the threshold concentration of CaCl2 to evoke contractile response and also significantly increased the mean EC50 values of CaCl2. Nifedipine was found to be more potent than 2-CAD on Ca2+ channels. 4. The results of the present study suggest that the endogenous adenosine plays a significant role in producing vascular relaxation through the participation of A2 receptor subtype. This effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores. Further to this effect, 2-CAD had a major inhibitory effect on voltage-operated Ca2+ channels compared with receptor-operated Ca2+ channels. 5. It can be concluded that adenosine through its A2 receptor produces vasorelaxant effect by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores coupled with influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Telang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176 062, HP, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jeong HJ, Hong SH, Lee DJ, Park JH, Kim KS, Kim HM. Role of Ca(2+) on TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from RBL-2H3 mast cells. Cell Signal 2002; 14:633-9. [PMID: 11955956 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ acts as an important second messenger in mast cells. However, the mechanisms involved in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from activated mast cells are unknown. In this study, we examined the signaling pathway involved in calcium-related cytokine secretion in a mast cell line, RBL-2H3 cells. We report that treatment with 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM), a chelator of intracellular calcium, can inhibit IgE-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.41 and 0.014 microM, respectively. Maximal inhibition of TNFalpha- and IL-6 secretion was 58.5 +/- 3% and 87 +/- 8% in BAPTA-AM, respectively. BAPTA-AM also completely inhibited the IgE-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA levels. In activated RBL-2H3 cells, the expression level of NF-kappaB/Rel A protein increased in the nucleus. However, the level of NF-kappaB/Rel A in nucleus was decreased by treatment of BAPTA-AM. In addition, BAPTA-AM completely inhibited the IgE-induced IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) activation and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation. These observations demonstrate that the intracellular Ca2+ may play an important role in IgE-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from mast cells via IKKbeta activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Korea Institute of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
McIntyre M, Müller C, Dynesen J, Nielsen J. Metabolic engineering of the morphology of Aspergillus. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 73:103-28. [PMID: 11816809 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45300-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of filamentous organisms in submerged cultivation is a subject of considerable interest, notably due to the influence of morphology on process productivity. The relationship between process parameters and morphology is complex: the interactions between process variables, productivity, rheology, and macro- and micro-morphology create difficulties in defining and separating cause and effect. Additionally, organism physiology contributes a further level of complexity which means that the desired morphology (for optimum process performance and productivity) is likely to be process specific. However, a number of studies with increasingly powerful image analysis systems have yielded valuable information on what these desirable morphologies are likely to be. In parallel, studies on a variety of morphological mutants means that information on the genes involved in morphology is beginning to emerge. Indeed, we are now beginning to understand how morphology may be controlled at the molecular level. Coupling this knowledge with the tools of molecular biology means that it is now possible to design and engineer the morphology of organisms for specific bioprocesses. Tailor making strains with defined morphologies represents a clear advantage in optimization of submerged bioprocesses with filamentous organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M McIntyre
- Center for Process Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Building 223, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Abstract
Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are relatively common in periparturient cows. This article reviews the etiologic factors that contribute to the development of these conditions. The physiologic role of magnesium in calcium homeostasis and the physiologic effect of dietary cation-anion difference at the cellular level are discussed in depth. A theory to explain the development of periparturient hypophosphatemia is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Goff
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gainutdinov MK, Yargunov VG, Krasnoperova IA, Varlamov VE, Kalinnikova TB, Povoda VI, Petrova RB, Gainutdinov TM. Coding of chemosensory information by the nervous system ofDaphnia magna andEnchytraeus albidus under conditions of action of high environmental temperature. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02737044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Kitiyanant Y, Schmidt MJ, Pavasuthipaisit K. Evaluation of sperm acrosome reaction in the Asiatic elephant. Theriogenology 2000; 53:887-96. [PMID: 10730977 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(00)00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of chemicals on acrosome reaction in elephant spermatozoa. Semen was collected at the Washington Park Zoo in Portland, Oregon, from an 11-yr-old Asian elephant by artificial vagina (7 ejaculates) and transported to Mahidol University in Bangkok in extender at 4 to 5 degrees C within 24 to 28 h. A total of 500 x 10(6) sperm/mL was used for the control and for each of the 4 treatment groups: 1) cAMP (0.1 mM); 2) caffeine (0.1 mM); 3) Penicillamine hypotaurine and epinephine, PHE (penicillamine 2 mM, hypotaurine 1 mM, epinephine 1 mM); and 4) heparin (10 microg/mL) at 39 degrees C for 2 h. Aliquots were removed and the sperm viability, abnormal morphology, and acrosome status were evaluated by triple stain technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe changes of the sperm head membrane in all treatment groups. Trypan blue reliably stained dead spermatozoa, while rose Bengal stained only the spermatozoa with intact acrosomes. The concentration of dead sperm cells was similar in the 4 groups. The percentages of live acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in the control and in groups treated with caffeine, PHE, cAMP and heparin were 19.5 +/- 4.3, 38.1 +/- 4.0, 34.8 +/- 3.7, 29.8 +/- 0.8 and 28.0 +/- 4.2, respectively. The acrosome reaction rate was higher in the treatment groups than in the control (P<0.05). Caffeine and PHE caused significantly higher acrosome reaction of the sperm head than cAMP or heparin (P<0.05). The electron micrographs showed that the acrosome reaction occurred by the presence of apical vesiculation. The results indicated that 1) the triple stain technique allowed for evaluation of both viability and acrosome reaction simultaneously in elephant spermatozoa,2) acrosome reaction occurred at a high rate in all 3 treatment groups. 3) the effects of caffeine and PHE were significantly higher (P<0.05) than of cAMP and heparin, and 4) the data obtained from the triple stain technique corresponded to those from TEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitiyanant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bronnikov GE, Zhang SJ, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. A dual component analysis explains the distinctive kinetics of cAMP accumulation in brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:37770-80. [PMID: 10608838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.53.37770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism behind the distinctive non-Michaelis-Menten, bell-shaped kinetics of cAMP accumulation in brown adipocytes (which underlies the similar kinetics of UCP1 and beta(1)-adrenoreceptor gene expression) was investigated. A theoretical dual component analysis indicated that the observed dose-response curves could be constructed as the resultant of a stimulatory and an inhibitory component. Experimentally, inhibition of the alpha(1)-component of the norepinephrine response revealed the underlying existence of a much larger stimulatory beta(3)-component which displayed monophasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The inhibitory alpha(1)-component (which was also monophasic but had a 2-fold higher EC(50)) was mediated via an increase in [Ca(2+)](i); the protein kinase C pathway was not involved. The [Ca(2+)](i) increase which resulted in massive inhibition of cAMP accumulation was very low: <100 nM. The [Ca(2+)](i) signal stimulated a calmodulin-controlled phosphodiesterase, possibly PDE-1. The acquirement of this specific interaction pattern between beta- and alpha(1)-adrenergic stimulation was thus part of the differentiation program of the brown adipocytes. It was concluded that an array of synergistic or inhibitory alpha(1)/beta interactions occur in the adrenergic regulation of this cell type which is unique in its dependence upon adrenergic stimulation for cellular proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Bronnikov
- Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Remani P, Ostapenko VV, Akagi K, Bhattathiri VN, Nair MK, Tanaka Y. Relation of transmembrane potential to cell survival following hyperthermia in HeLa cells. Cancer Lett 1999; 144:117-23. [PMID: 10529010 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia induces cell death and the usual endpoint to study this is the ability of the cells to form colonies. Hyperthermia is also known to alter membrane characteristics, especially transmembrane potential and this has been correlated with duration and degree of heating. The aim of the present study was to see the correlation between changes in membrane potential and clonogenic ability of HeLa cells after heat treatment of 41-44 degrees C. Membrane potential was measured by the fluorescence polarization of the plasma membrane probe 3,3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine by flow cytometry. Cell survival was assessed by colony formation assay. The fluorescence intensity increased and cell survival decreased with an increase in temperature. The fall in survival following heat treatment closely paralleled the increase in fluorescent intensity, especially heat treatments of 60 min or more. After 2 h of heating at 44 degrees C, the surviving fraction decreased to 1% and the fluorescence intensity increased to 154.84% of the unheated controls. This study suggests that measurement of membrane potential by flow cytometry may potentially be an alternative to colony forming assay for assessing cell survival. Since the results of membrane potential measurements are available immediately, this has implications for its potential use as a predictive assay of thermosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Remani
- Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yamaguchi K, Yamaguchi F, Miyamoto O, Sugimoto K, Konishi R, Hatase O, Tokuda M. Calbrain, a novel two EF-hand calcium-binding protein that suppresses Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in the brain. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:3610-6. [PMID: 9920909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.6.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A cDNA clone that encodes a novel Ca2+-binding protein was isolated from a human brain cDNA library. The gene for this clone, termed calbrain, encodes a 70-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 8.06 kDa. The analysis of deduced amino acid sequence revealed that calbrain contains two putative EF-hand motifs that show significantly high homology to those of the calmodulin (CaM) family rather than two EF-hand protein families. By Northern hybridization analysis, an approximate 1.5-kilobase pair transcript of calbrain was detected exclusively in the brain, and in situ hybridization study revealed its abundant expression in the hippocampus, habenular area in the epithalamus, and in the cerebellum. A recombinant calbrain protein showed a Ca2+ binding capacity, suggesting the functional potency as a regulator of Ca2+-mediated cellular processes. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, the most abundant protein kinase in the hippocampus and strongly implicated in the basic neuronal functions, was used to evaluate the physiological roles of calbrain. Studies in vitro revealed that calbrain competitively inhibited CaM binding to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (Ki = 129 nM) and reduced its kinase activity and autophosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Yamaguchi
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa Medical University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sekiguchi S, Ozawa A, Hanafusa Y, Andou S, Inoue K, Takaba T. [Effects of myocardial protection with ryanodine, measured with the intracellular calcium fluprescent indicator Fura-2]. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR THORACIC SURGERY = NIHON KYOBU GEKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 1998; 46:622-8. [PMID: 9750445 DOI: 10.1007/bf03217791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Ryanodine, an inhibitor of salcoplasmic reticulum function, was investigated in isolated hearts of the Wistar rat strain. The cytosolic calcium was measured with the intracellular Ca2+ fluorescent indicator Fura-2. After 3 minutes perfusion of various cardioplegic solution which were added potassium (the concentration; 20 mmol/L) and four Ryanodine groups (1, 4, 10, and 20 nmol/L), these were obtained cardiac arrest. The arrested hearts were kept at 37 degrees C (normothermia) measuring hemodynamic studies. Hemodynamic parameters were heart rate, LVDP, LV dp/dt, coronary flow, and the intracellular calcium fluorescents which were calculated intracellular Ca2+. The significant difference was not noted in LVDP, but comparable improvement was achieved with Ryanodine groups (p < 0.05; 20 nM vs 0 nM). Other cardiac functions were likely same as above. The cytosolic calcium concentration of Ryanodine groups was depressed during cardiac arrest, it was 97.4 +/- 17.2% at the end of cardiac arrest, and it was slowly increased to 161.9 +/- 46.9% after 40 minutes reperfusion. On the other hand, that of the control group was higher than Ryanodine groups at every measuring points about two times. There was significant difference between both groups (p < 0.01). Concequently these phenomena caused that Ca2+ handling in the salcoplasmic reticulum were supressed by Ryanodine and the contractile function was recovered for that reason.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sekiguchi
- Department of First Surgery, Showa University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takeoka M, Sakai A, Ueda G, Ge RL, Ishizaki T, Panos RJ, Taniguchi S. Dibutyryl cAMP inhibits endotoxin-induced increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and fluid filtration coefficient in the perfused rat lung. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1997; 183:273-84. [PMID: 9549827 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.183.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of pre-treatment with dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) or cGMP on endotoxin-induced hemodynamic changes and pulmonary vascular permeability in isolated perfused rat lungs. Intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin (2 mg/kg) caused increases in pulmonary arterial resistance (Ra) after venous reservoir elevation, in pulmonary filtration coefficient (Kf) and in lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio. Pre-treatment with db-cAMP blocked endotoxin-induced increases in Ra, Kf and W/D weight ratio. Pre-treatment with cGMP attenuated only the increase in Ra caused by endotoxin. Moreover, administration of db-cAMP 2 hours after endotoxin injection attenuated the increase in Ra induced by endotoxin treatment. The increases in Kf and W/D weight ratio caused by endotoxin were not affected by post-treatment with db-cAMP. Since the increases in Ra, Kf and W/D weight ratio caused by endotoxin were blocked by pre-treatment with db-cAMP, agents that increase intracellular cAMP level may be useful to prevent acute pulmonary vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Takeoka
- Research Center on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Izumi S, Hirata T. Signal Transduction against the Terpenoid-Stimulation in the Liverwort Cells. CHEM LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1997.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
39
|
Sharma RK, Tan Y, Raju RV. Calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine eye: high calmodulin affinity isozyme immunologically related to the brain 60-kDa isozyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 339:40-6. [PMID: 9056231 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.9837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was identified in and purified to apparent homogeneity from the total calmodulin-binding protein fraction of bovine eye in a single step by immunoaffinity chromatography. The bovine eye calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is immunologically similar to the bovine brain 60-kDa isozyme. The purified enzyme had higher affinity for calmodulin than the 60-kDa phosphodiesterase isozyme from bovine brain, but similar affinity to that of the heart isozyme. When the Ca(2+)-dependence of the eye enzyme was compared to cardiac calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase at an identical concentration of calmodulin, the bovine eye calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was activated at the same Ca2+ concentration as the bovine heart calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Sharma
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Sarkar D, Bhaduri A. Temperature-induced rapid increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in pathogenic Leishmania donovani promastigotes. FEBS Lett 1995; 375:83-6. [PMID: 7498487 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in three virulent Leishmania donovani promastigote strains is maintained at 20-30 nM level whereas the avirulent promastigotes maintain [Ca2+]i at 80-100 nM. Rapid exposure of virulent promastigotes to higher physiological temperature increases [Ca2+]i many-fold. Use of CaCl2, EGTA and Mn2+ confirmed that both release of Ca2+ from internal pool(s) and influx from outside milieu are responsible for this increase in [Ca2+]i. Application of oligomycin, CN-, and nigericin indicated the non-mitochondrial pHi sensitive pool as the possible intracellular origin for internal Ca2+ release. Exposure of these cells to acidic environment had no influence on [Ca2+]i. In contrast, the avirulent promastigotes or freshly isolated amastigotes had shown no effect of heat-shock or pH shock on [Ca2+]i of these cells. Our results indicate that the upward shift in temperature may play a role in signal transduction events in morphogenetic transformation of L. donovani promastigotes that involves mobilization of Ca2+ in cytoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Sarkar
- Leishmania Group (Enzyme Division), Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jalc P, Marsala J, Jalcová H. Postischemic reperfusion causes a massive calcium overload in the myelinated spinal cord fibers. MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY 1995; 25:143-53. [PMID: 8534317 DOI: 10.1007/bf02960909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of Ca binding in the myelinated axons of lumbosacral segments of rabbit was done at the electron microscopic level using the spinal cord ischemia model. To assess the calcium accumulation, the binding agent pyroantimonate was used. Nonsignificant Ca2+ binding was found in the myelinated axons after 40 min of ischemia followed immediately by perfusion fixation. A high concentration of calcium pyroantimonate deposits, seen as electron dense particles, was detected in the myelin interlamellar clefts and axoplasm. The paranodal region was the most affected site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Jalc
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fujii Y, Gonoi T, Yamada Y, Chihara K, Inagaki N, Seino S. Somatostatin receptor subtype SSTR2 mediates the inhibition of high-voltage-activated calcium channels by somatostatin and its analogue SMS 201-995. FEBS Lett 1994; 355:117-20. [PMID: 7982482 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin and its analogue SMS 201-995 inhibit high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents in the rat insulinoma cell line RINm5F which stably express cloned human somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (hSSTR2). In contrast, neither somatostatin nor SMS 201-995 suppresses the HVA Ca2+ currents in RINm5F which stably express cloned hSSTR1. These results suggest that somatostatin-induced inhibition of HVA Ca2+ currents is mediated by a specific receptor subtype and that inhibition of calcium influx through HVA Ca2+ channels is one of the mechanisms of SMS 201-995 action on inhibitory processes of hormone secretion and cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujii
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Oztürk Y. Effects of the agents affecting cyclic nucleotide metabolism on the bradykinin- and des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced relaxations and contractions in isolated rat duodenum. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1994; 25:1389-95. [PMID: 7896050 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(94)90163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1. Bradykinin and related kinins possess two different types of action (consisting of relaxation and contraction) in the isolated rat duodenum via their specific receptors. However, the mechanisms of these actions have not been fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the agents affecting cyclic nucleotide metabolism on bradykinin-induced relaxations and on bradykinin- and des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced contractions. 2. Des-Arg9-bradykinin, B1 receptor agonist, and high concentrations of bradykinin elicited dose-dependent contractile responses in the rat duodenum, while low concentrations of bradykinin caused a dose-dependent relaxation in this tissue. 3. Nicotinic acid, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, inhibited the relaxation of rat duodenum induced by bradykinin at low concentrations in a non-competitive manner. However, the inhibitory efficacy of nicotinic acid against bradykinin was limited by 39.9% and this inhibition was not further increased by higher concentrations of nicotinic acid up to 10(-3) M. 4. Imidazole, an activator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, caused a slight inhibition of the relaxant responses to low concentrations of bradykinin and of the contractile responses to des-Arg9-bradykinin and high concentrations of bradykinin in isolated rat duodenum. These inhibitions were also limited in efficacies and not increased by higher concentrations of imidazole. 5. Methylene blue, an agent that inhibits soluble guanylate cyclase, suppressed the contractions of rat duodenum induced by des-Arg9-bradykinin and high concentrations of bradykinin in a non-competitive manner. Again, these inhibitions were limited and further increase in the inhibitory efficacy was not observed in spite of increasing the methylene blue concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oztürk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hojo M, Fujita I, Hamasaki Y, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki S. Erythromycin does not directly affect neutrophil functions. Chest 1994; 105:520-3. [PMID: 8306756 DOI: 10.1378/chest.105.2.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether erythromycin could affect neutrophil functions, we measured N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced chemotaxis and superoxide generation of neutrophils in the presence of erythromycin at various concentrations. Erythromycin had no effect on either of them. We further confirmed that intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was not influenced by FMLP stimulation in the presence of erythromycin. Our results indicate that erythromycin has no direct effects on neutrophil functions in vitro, although it is reported that erythromycin inhibits the local migration of neutrophils in the small airways of subjects with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Saga Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Götz ME, Künig G, Riederer P, Youdim MB. Oxidative stress: free radical production in neural degeneration. Pharmacol Ther 1994; 63:37-122. [PMID: 7972344 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(94)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is not yet established whether oxidative stress is a major cause of cell death or simply a consequence of an unknown pathogenetic factor. Concerning chronic diseases, as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease are assumed to be, it is possible that a gradual impairment of cellular defense mechanisms leads to cell damage because of toxic substances being increasingly formed during normal cellular metabolism. This point of view brings into consideration the possibility that, besides exogenous factors, the pathogenetic process of neurodegeration is triggered by endogenous mechanisms, either by an endogenous toxin or by inherited metabolic disorders, which become progressively more evident with aging. In the following review, we focus on the oxidative stress theory of neurodegeneration, on excitotoxin-induced cell damage and on impairment of mitochondrial function as three major noxae being the most likely causes of cell death either independently or in connection with each other. First, having discussed clinical, pathophysiological, pathological and biochemical features of movement and cognitive disorders, we discuss the common features of these biochemical theories of neurodegeneration separately. Second, we attempt to evaluate possible biochemical links between them and third, we discuss experimental findings that confirm or rule out the involvement of any of these theories in neurodegeneration. Finally, we report some therapeutic strategies evolved from each of these theories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Götz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Takemoto N, Kuroda H, Hamasaki T, Hara Y, Ishiguro S, Mori T. Effect of magnesium and calcium on myocardial protection by cardioplegic solutions. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 57:177-82. [PMID: 8279886 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(94)90389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cardioprotective effect of the magnesium and calcium content of hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions was investigated using isolated rat hearts subjected to hypothermic ischemic arrest. Hearts were arrested for 180 minutes at 20 degrees C by administering a 3-minute infusion of cardioplegic solution containing various concentrations of magnesium and calcium. Treatment groups received solution with either 0, 8, or 16 mmol/L magnesium. For each of these magnesium concentrations, 0.1, 0.6, or 1.2 mmol/L calcium was also present in the solution. At each concentration of magnesium, the percentage recovery of aortic flow was dependent on the calcium concentration. The maximum percentage recovery of aortic flow was 67.9% +/- 2.3% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in the Mg-free, 0.1 mmol/L Ca group, whereas it was 65.1% +/- 2.7% in the 8 mmol/L Mg, 0.1 mmol/L Ca group and 70.0% +/- 3.5% in the 16 mmol/L Mg, 0.6 mmol/L Ca group. No significant differences in the recovery of cardiac function and creatine kinase leakage were observed between the three groups. The findings suggested that the cardioprotective effect was dependent on the relative concentration of both magnesium and calcium, and that it is important to maintain an appropriate ionic balance in cardioplegic solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Takemoto
- Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen G, Wilson R, McKillop JH, Smith WE, Walker JJ. Calcium channel blockers and antioxidant levels. J Clin Pharm Ther 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1993.tb00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Keeney SE, Oelberg DG. Alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in adult and neonatal rat type II pneumocytes. Lung 1993; 171:355-66. [PMID: 8295430 DOI: 10.1007/bf00165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Binding characteristics of the alpha 1-adrenergic radioloigand [3H]prazosin, and the muscarinic cholinergic radioligand, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, were determined both in intact cell preparations of rat alveolar type II pneumocytes (TIIPs) and in membrane preparations of rat lung tissue. Binding in adult and neonatal (< 24 h postnatal age) rats was also compared. Binding affinities for both receptor classes on TIIPs and whole lung membrane preparations alike did not vary significantly with age. In lung membrane preparations, the concentrations of both receptor classes were higher in neonates than adults. In TIIPs, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor concentration was higher in neonates, but muscarinic receptor concentration was higher in adults. To begin investigation of the functional significance of these receptors, the effects of alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic agonists on intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) were also measured. Both agonists induced consistent increases in [Ca2+]i, which were blocked by respective antagonists. These data indicate the presence of receptors on TIIPs for alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic agonists that may influence cellular function via modulation of [Ca2+]i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Keeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tusell JM, Barrón S, Serratosa J. Anticonvulsant activity of delta-HCH, calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists in seizures induced by lindane and other convulsant drugs. Brain Res 1993; 622:99-104. [PMID: 7694769 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The anticonvulsant activity of delta-HCH and of a calmodulin antagonist, W-7 were investigated on convulsions induced in mice by lindane (ED100 100 mg/kg), by GABAergic antagonists PTZ (ED100 60 mg/kg) and PTX(ED100 4 mg/kg), by calcium channel agonist BAY-K-8644 (ED100 5 mg/kg), by two agonists of excitatory amino acid receptors, kainic acid (ED100 80 mg/kg) and NMDA (ED100 160 mg/kg and by the atypical benzodiazepine Ro 5-4864 (ED100 40 mg/kg). The anticonvulsant activity of a voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine was also investigated on convulsions induced by Ro 5-4864, BAY-K-8644, kainic acid and NMDA. delta-HCH antagonized lindane- and BAY-K-8644-induced convulsions (ED50 231 (172-309) mg/kg and 148 (142-154) mg/kg, respectively) and at concentrations up to 300 mg/kg failed to antagonize Ro 5-4864, kainic acid and NMDA convulsions. In contrast delta-HCH potentiated PTX-induced seizures. Nifedipine antagonized BAY-K-8644- and kainic acid-induced convulsions (ED50 6.5 (4.3-9.7) mg/kg and 30 (13-70) mg/kg but at concentrations up to 20 mg/kg failed to antagonize Ro 5-4864 and 25% of protection was observed on NMDA-induced convulsions at the highest dose (20 mg/kg). The ED50 of W-7 to antagonize convulsions induced by lindane and BAY-K-8644 were 12 (8-19) mg/kg and 49 (29-85) mg/kg, respectively. Some anticonvulsant effect was observed against PTZ and NMDA but without any dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity. W-7 did not protect against PTX and kainic acid convulsions and 30% of protection was observed against convulsions at the highest dose of W-7 (75 mg/kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Tusell
- Department of Neurochemistry, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|