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da Silva MI, Oli N, Gambonini F, Ott T. Effects of parity and early pregnancy on peripheral blood leukocytes in dairy cattle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592827. [PMID: 38766084 PMCID: PMC11100682 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Subfertility remains a major problem in the dairy industry. Only 35-40% of high-yielding dairy cows and 55-65% of nonlactating heifers become pregnant after their first service. The immune system plays a critical role in the establishment of pregnancy. However, it can also create challenges for embryo survival and contribute to reduced fertility. We conducted 2 separate experiments to characterize changes in subsets of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and their phenotype over the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in heifers and cows. We used flow cytometry and RT-qPCR to assess protein and mRNA expression of molecules important for immune function. We observed that monocytes and T cells were most affected by pregnancy status in heifers, whereas, CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were most affected during early pregnancy in cows. Changes in immune parameters measured appeared to be greater in heifers than cows including changes in expression of numerous immune function molecules. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a third experiment to simultaneously analyze the immunological responses to pregnancy between cows and heifers. We observed that cows had greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules associated with leukocyte migration and phagocytosis compared to heifers. Moreover, animals that failed to become pregnant showed altered expression of anti-inflammatory molecules. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that early pregnancy signaling alters the proportions and functions of peripheral blood immune cells and differences between cows and heifers may yield insight into the reduced fertility of mature lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - N Oli
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - F Gambonini
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - T Ott
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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2
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Gareis NC, Rodríguez FM, Cattaneo Moreyra ML, Stassi AF, Angeli E, Etchevers L, Salvetti NR, Ortega HH, Hein GJ, Rey F. Contribution of key elements of nutritional metabolism to the development of cystic ovarian disease in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 197:209-223. [PMID: 36525860 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of signaling molecules involved in the general metabolism of animals can negatively influence reproduction. In dairy cattle, the development of follicular cysts and the subsequent appearance of ovarian cystic disease (COD) often lead to decreased reproductive efficiency in the herd. The objective of this review is to summarize the contribution of relevant metabolic and nutritional sensors to the development of COD in dairy cows. In particular, we focus on the study of alterations of the insulin signaling pathway, adiponectin, and other sensors and metabolites relevant to ovarian functionality, which may be related to the development of follicular persistence and follicular formation of cysts in dairy cattle. The results of these studies support the hypothesis that systemic factors could alter the local scenario in the follicle, generating an adverse microenvironment for the resumption of ovarian activity and possibly leading to the persistence of follicles and to the development and recurrence of COD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Gareis
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Cattaneo Moreyra
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A F Stassi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E Angeli
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Etchevers
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N R Salvetti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H H Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G J Hein
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Centro Universitario Gálvez (CUG-UNL), Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F Rey
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, ICiVet-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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3
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Jiang G, Zhang L, Zhao J, Li L, Huang Z, Wang Z. Dynamic Autophagy Map in Mouse Female Germ Cells Throughout the Fetal to Postnatal Life. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:169-180. [PMID: 35501593 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays vital roles in mouse female germ cells, but the potential mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, by interrogating single-cell RNA-seq dataset, we investigated the dynamic expression of autophagy-related genes in seven types of germ cells (mitosis, pre-leptotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and dictyate) and discovered stage-specific autophagy-related genes. Using immunofluorescence (IF) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), autophagy activity and autophagosome numbers were revealed from mitosis to follicular assembly (E12.5 (embryonic day 12.5) to P5 (postnatal day 5)). Furthermore, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to validate the autophagy kinetics from E12.5 to P5. Our study proved that the mitosis, diplotene, and dictyate female germ cells had relatively higher autophagy activity among the seven subtypes. In summary, our work provided an autophagy map, suggesting that autophagy was complicated in mouse female germ cell development from the fetal to postnatal life, which paved a new insight for deciphering the autophagy regulatory networks for cell-fate transition and female infertility issues like primary ovarian insufficiency (POI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiexiang Zhao
- Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, China.,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenqin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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4
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An Alkaloid from a Highly Invasive Seaweed Increases the Voracity and Reproductive Output of a Model Fish Species. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080513. [PMID: 36005516 PMCID: PMC9410225 DOI: 10.3390/md20080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive macroalga Caulerpa cylindracea has spread widely in the Mediterranean Sea, becoming a favorite food item for native fish for reasons yet unknown. By using a combination of behavioral, morphological, and molecular approaches, herein we provide evidence that the bisindole alkaloid caulerpin, a major secondary metabolite of C. cylindracea, significantly increases food intake in the model fish Danio rerio, influencing the regulation of genes involved in the orexigenic pathway. In addition, we found that the compound improves fish reproductive performance by affecting the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. The obtained results pave the way for the possible valorization of C. cylindracea as a sustainable source of a functional feed additive of interest to face critical challenges both in aquaculture and in human nutrition.
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Chen SY, Schenkel FS, Melo ALP, Oliveira HR, Pedrosa VB, Araujo AC, Melka MG, Brito LF. Identifying pleiotropic variants and candidate genes for fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle via association studies based on imputed whole-genome sequence genotypes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:331. [PMID: 35484513 PMCID: PMC9052698 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic progress for fertility and reproduction traits in dairy cattle has been limited due to the low heritability of most indicator traits. Moreover, most of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes associated with these traits remain unknown. In this study, we used 5.6 million imputed DNA sequence variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 18 fertility and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle. Aiming to identify pleiotropic variants and increase detection power, multiple-trait analyses were performed using a method to efficiently combine the estimated SNP effects of single-trait GWAS based on a chi-square statistic. Results There were 87, 72, and 84 significant SNPs identified for heifer, cow, and sire traits, respectively, which showed a wide and distinct distribution across the genome, suggesting that they have relatively distinct polygenic nature. The biological functions of immune response and fatty acid metabolism were significantly enriched for the 184 and 124 positional candidate genes identified for heifer and cow traits, respectively. No known biological function was significantly enriched for the 147 positional candidate genes found for sire traits. The most important chromosomes that had three or more significant QTL identified are BTA22 and BTA23 for heifer traits, BTA8 and BTA17 for cow traits, and BTA4, BTA7, BTA17, BTA22, BTA25, and BTA28 for sire traits. Several novel and biologically important positional candidate genes were strongly suggested for heifer (SOD2, WTAP, DLEC1, PFKFB4, TRIM27, HECW1, DNAH17, and ADAM3A), cow (ANXA1, PCSK5, SPESP1, and JMJD1C), and sire (ELMO1, CFAP70, SOX30, DGCR8, SEPTIN14, PAPOLB, JMJD1C, and NELL2) traits. Conclusions These findings contribute to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms of fertility and reproduction traits measured in heifers, cows, and sires, which may contribute to improve genomic evaluation for these traits in dairy cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08555-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2041, USA.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ana L P Melo
- Department of Reproduction and Animal Evaluation, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Hinayah R Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2041, USA.,Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Victor B Pedrosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2041, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Andre C Araujo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2041, USA
| | - Melkaye G Melka
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin River Falls, River Falls, WI, 54022, USA
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S. Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2041, USA. .,Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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6
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Dai JG, Huang XM, Zhang C, Gao JM. Mechanisms of lipid metabolism promoted by berberine via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma during in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13582. [PMID: 34288277 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of berberine (Ber) via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) in promoting in vitro maturation (IVM) and lipid metabolism of porcine oocytes. Our results showed that expression changes in PPARG influenced IVM and the lipid droplet content of porcine oocytes. Moreover, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor modified the effect of PPARG agonist on IVM and lipid droplet content of porcine oocytes, and Ber significantly reduced lipid droplet content. Activation of PPARG upregulated the transcription level of microRNA-192 (miR-192), significantly promoted the expression of fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) and steroid regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and PPARG, inhibited phosphorylation of PPARG, and enhanced JNK phosphorylation. Ber and overexpression of miR-192 upregulated the transcription level of miR-192 in porcine oocytes; significantly decreased the expression of FABP3, SREBF1, and PPARG; increased PPARG phosphorylation; and inhibited JNK phosphorylation. Otherwise, JNK inhibitor reduced the effects of PPARG agonist. In conclusion, Ber may activate the expression of miR-192, downregulate the expression level of PPARG and lipid synthesis-related genes, increase PPARG phosphorylation, and reduce JNK phosphorylation to enhance lipid metabolism, which is beneficial to improve porcine oocyte quality of IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ge Dai
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Huang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ming Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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7
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Zerani M, Polisca A, Boiti C, Maranesi M. Current Knowledge on the Multifactorial Regulation of Corpora Lutea Lifespan: The Rabbit Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020296. [PMID: 33503812 PMCID: PMC7911389 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corpora lutea (CL) are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. A variety of regulatory factors come into play in modulating the functional lifespan of CL, with luteotropic and luteolytic effects. Many aspects of luteal phase physiology have been clarified, yet many others have not yet been determined, including the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms that maintain the CL from the beginning of luteolysis during early CL development. This paper summarizes our current knowledge of the endocrine and cellular mechanisms involved in multifactorial CL lifespan regulation, using the pseudopregnant rabbit model. Abstract Our research group studied the biological regulatory mechanisms of the corpora lutea (CL), paying particular attention to the pseudopregnant rabbit model, which has the advantage that the relative luteal age following ovulation is induced by the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). CL are temporary endocrine structures that secrete progesterone, which is essential for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. It is now clear that, besides the classical regulatory mechanism exerted by prostaglandin E2 (luteotropic) and prostaglandin F2α (luteolytic), a considerable number of other effectors assist in the regulation of CL. The aim of this paper is to summarize our current knowledge of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating CL lifespan in rabbits. Given the essential role of CL in reproductive success, a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms will provide us with valuable insights on various reproductive issues that hinder fertility in this and other mammalian species, allowing to overcome the challenges for new and more efficient breeding strategies.
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8
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Ievleva KD, Danusevich IN, Suturina LV. [Role of leptin and nuclear receptor PPARγ in PCOS pathogenesis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:74-80. [PMID: 33481370 DOI: 10.14341/probl12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of female endocrine infertility. Insulin resistanсе is supposed to be one of the essential factors of this disease pathways. At the same time, the mechanisms of PCOS development in insulin-resistant patients have not been completely established. Leptin and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ(PPARγ) are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction function regulation. It indicates that leptin and PPARγ possibly play a role in the pathways of PCOS. This article is a review of publications on this issue. The purpose of this review was to systematize the available information on the molecular mechanisms that determine the role of leptin and PPARγ in the development of PCOS. The literature search was carried out from 04/05/2020 to 05/17/2020 using the scientific literature databases: NCBI PubMed (foreign sources) and Cyberleninka (domestic sources). We analyzed publications for the period 1990-2020.The review presents the current understanding of the possible role of leptin and PPARγ in the regulation of endocrine, immune systems, and reproductive function, as well as in the development of PCOS. Currently, no studies cover the mechanisms of interaction between leptin and PPARγ in the pathways of this syndrome. The available studies indicating the individual contribution and association of leptin and PPARγ with PCOS are conflicting and have many limitations. Therefore, more studies of direct and indirect interaction of leptin and PPARγ, as well as their role in PCOS pathways, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Ievleva
- Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - I N Danusevich
- Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
| | - L V Suturina
- Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
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9
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Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Busato S. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 33292523 PMCID: PMC7667790 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5-6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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10
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Zhang J, Xue L, Nie A, Yang Q, Peng X, Chen Z, Yang L, Xie Y, Yuan A, Xu J. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1479-1489. [PMID: 32762098 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, 'Double First-Class' Applied Characteristic Discipline of Bioengineering in Hunan High Educational Institution, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China.,Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Xue
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Nie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Huaihua Municipal Center of Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Bureau, Huaihua, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Junfei Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, 'Double First-Class' Applied Characteristic Discipline of Bioengineering in Hunan High Educational Institution, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China
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11
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Yoon SY, Kim R, Jang H, Shin DH, Lee JI, Seol D, Lee DR, Chang EM, Lee WS. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Modulator Promotes Neonatal Mouse Primordial Follicle Activation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093120. [PMID: 32354153 PMCID: PMC7247159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is known as a regulator of cellular functions, including adipogenesis and immune cell activation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of PPARγ and identify the mechanism of primordial follicle activation via PPARγ modulators in mouse ovaries. We first measured the gene expression of PPARγ and determined its relationship with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), protein kinase B (AKT1), and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) expression in neonatal mouse ovaries. We then incubated neonatal mouse ovaries with PPARγ modulators, including rosiglitazone (a synthetic agonist of PPARγ), GW9662 (a synthetic antagonist of PPARγ), and cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA, a physiological inhibitor of PPARγ), followed by transplantation into adult ovariectomized mice. After the maturation of the transplanted ovaries, primordial follicle growth activation, follicle growth, and embryonic development were evaluated. Finally, the delivery of live pups after embryo transfer into recipient mice was assessed. While PPARγ was expressed in ovaries from mice of all ages, its levels were significantly increased in ovaries from 20-day-old mice. In GW9662-treated ovaries in vitro, PTEN levels were decreased, AKT was activated, and FOXO3a was excluded from the nuclei of primordial follicles. After 1 month, cPA-pretreated, transplanted ovaries produced the highest numbers of oocytes and polar bodies, exhibited the most advanced embryonic development, and had the greatest blastocyst formation rate compared to the rosiglitazone- and GW9662-pretreated groups. Additionally, the successful delivery of live pups after embryo transfer into the recipient mice transplanted with cPA-pretreated ovaries was confirmed. Our study demonstrates that PPARγ participates in primordial follicle activation and development, possibly mediated in part by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Although more studies are required, adapting these findings for the activation of human primordial follicles may lead to treatments for infertility that originates from poor ovarian reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Young Yoon
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ran Kim
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
| | - Hyunmee Jang
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
| | - Dong Hyuk Shin
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
| | - Jin Il Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
| | - Dongwon Seol
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Chang
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.M.C.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3468-3410 (E.M.C.); +82-2-3468-3406 (W.S.L.); Fax: +82-2-558-1119 (E.M.C. & W.S.L.)
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University, Seoul 06125, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.M.C.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3468-3410 (E.M.C.); +82-2-3468-3406 (W.S.L.); Fax: +82-2-558-1119 (E.M.C. & W.S.L.)
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12
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Kim W, Cho Y, Song MK, Lim JH, Kim JY, Gye MC, Ryu JC. Effect of particulate matter 2.5 on gene expression profile and cell signaling in JEG-3 human placenta cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1123-1134. [PMID: 29975000 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter the environmental toxicant, with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ) is a common cause of several respiratory diseases. In recent years, several studies have suggested that PM2.5 can influence diverse diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, dementia, and female reproductive disorders, and unhealthy birth outcomes. In addition, several epidemiological studies have reported that adverse health effects of PM2.5 can differ depending on regional variations. In the present study, to evaluate specific adverse health effects of PM2.5 , we collected two different PM2.5 samples from an underground parking lot and ambient air, and we evaluated cytotoxicity with eight different cell lines originating from human organs. Then, we selected JEG-3 human placenta cells, which show high cytotoxicity to both PM samples. Through RNA sequencing, gene expression profiling, and a gene ontology (GO) analysis of JEG-3 after exposure to two different PM2.5 samples, we identified 1021 commonly expressed genes involved in immune responses, the regulation of apoptosis, and so forth, which are known to induce several adverse health effects. In addition, we identified genes related to the calcium-signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Then, we confirmed these gene expressions using qRT-PCR, and the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases and COX-2 with progesterone decreased using western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In conclusion, this study suggests the possible toxic mechanism of human placenta that might be associated with PM2.5 -induced female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Kim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hangyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Cho
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Song
- National Center for Efficacy evaluation for Respiratory disease product, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lim
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hangyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chun Ryu
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Human and Environmental Toxicology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Socha BM, Łada P, Szczepańska AA, Łupicka M, Korzekwa AJ. The influence of experimentally induced endometritis on the PPAR expression profile in the bovine endometrium. Theriogenology 2018; 122:74-83. [PMID: 30243137 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The PPARs activity can be modified e.g. by arachidonic acid metabolites. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main infectious agent of endometritis in dairy cows. We hypothesized that PPAR expression profile change in the bovine endometrium under the influence of LPS or E. coli. In experiment 1, endometrial explants were obtained post mortem from heifers and incubated without (control) or with LPS for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In experiment 2, heifers were intrauterine infused with 0.9% NaCl (control) or with E. coli suspension in 0.9% NaCl. Endometrial biopsies were performed before (0 h) and 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 h after the infusions. In experiment 1, the increase in protein expression was observed for PPARα 48 h, for PPARβ/δ 24, 72 and 96 h, whereas for PPARγ 12, 24 and 96 h after LPS treatment relative to the control groups. In experiment 2, the up-regulation in protein expression was observed for PPARα 48 and 72 h, for PPARβ/δ 72 and 96 h, for PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 12 and 96 h after the intrauterine infusion with E. coli suspension compared to the control group. Changes in mRNA and protein PPAR expression profile in endometrial explants under the exposure of LPS indicate participation of these nuclear receptors in signal transduction during stimulation with LPS. The patterns of mRNA and protein PPAR expression in endometrial bioptates suggest that during experimentally induced endometritis in vivo, PPARs role may be connected both with enhancement of inflammation as well restoring physiological conditions in uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Socha
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences (IARFR PAS), Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P Łada
- Veterinary Clinic 3VET, Ludowa Str. 78/3, 18-200 Wysokie Mazowieckie, Poland
| | - A A Szczepańska
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, IARFR PAS, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Łupicka
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, IARFR PAS, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A J Korzekwa
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, IARFR PAS, Tuwima Str. 10, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Kim JM, Park JE, Yoo I, Han J, Kim N, Lim WJ, Cho ES, Choi B, Choi S, Kim TH, Te Pas MFW, Ka H, Lee KT. Integrated transcriptomes throughout swine oestrous cycle reveal dynamic changes in reproductive tissues interacting networks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5436. [PMID: 29615657 PMCID: PMC5882957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Female fertility is a highly regulated process involving the synchronized activities of multiple tissues. The underlying genomic regulation of the tissue synchronization is poorly understood. To understand this better we investigated the transcriptomes of the porcine ovary, endometrium, and oviduct at days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, or 18 of the oestrous cycle. We analysed the transcriptome profiles of the individual tissues and focus on the bridging genes shared by two or more tissues. The three tissue-networks were connected forming a triangular shape. We identified 65 bridging genes with a high level of connectivity to all other genes in the network. The expression levels showed negative correlations between the ovary and the other two tissues, and low correlations between endometrium and oviduct. The main functional annotations involved biosynthesis of steroid hormones, cell-to-cell adhesion, and cell apoptosis, suggesting that regulation of steroid hormone synthesis and tissue viability are major regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center Genome Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Lim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center Genome Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonghwan Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Marinus F W Te Pas
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.,Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen UR Livestock Research, 6700AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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15
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The association between fatty acid index and in vitro fertilization outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1627-1632. [PMID: 28900763 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acids have been shown to play an important role in oocyte competence and early implantation of the embryo. Our hypothesis-generating study sought to determine if individual fatty acids expressed as a percentage of total erythrocyte fatty acids are associated with embryo quality and other in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study at an academic fertility center. Sixty women undergoing their first IVF cycle were recruited. Serum measurements of 22 fatty acids were obtained. We calculated each fatty acid as a percentage of total fatty acids, defined as the index for that individual fatty acid. RESULTS Omega-3 index had no correlation with IVF outcomes. A negative correlation was found between the trans fatty acid index, elaidic acid (EA), and IVF outcomes, including fertilization rate (r = - 0.261, p = 0.04), blastocyst conversion rate (r = - 0.41, p = 0.001), and number of usable blastocysts and embryos (r = - 0.411, p = 0.001). There was no correlation between EA index and number of oocytes retrieved, embryo grade, or clinical pregnancy. No consistent correlations were observed with the additional fatty acids analyzed. CONCLUSIONS No correlation was observed between omega-3 index and IVF outcomes. Elevated erythrocyte EA index, the major trans fatty acid commonly consumed in hydrogenated oils, margarine, and fried foods, was negatively correlated with number of usable blastocysts and embryos, blastocyst conversion, and fertilization rate. Our findings suggest preliminary evidence that trans fat may be negatively associated with IVF outcomes.
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Nepelska M, Odum J, Munn S. Adverse Outcome Pathway: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Activation and Reproductive Toxicity—Development and Application in Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors/Reproductive Toxicants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2017.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nepelska
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F–Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods, Ispra, Italy
| | - Jenny Odum
- Regulatory Science Associates, Kip Marina, Inverkip, Renfrewshire, England
| | - Sharon Munn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate F–Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods, Ispra, Italy
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Fontana R, Della Torre S. The Deep Correlation between Energy Metabolism and Reproduction: A View on the Effects of Nutrition for Women Fertility. Nutrients 2016; 8:87. [PMID: 26875986 PMCID: PMC4772050 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, mechanisms have been developed, throughout evolution, to integrate environmental, nutritional and hormonal cues in order to guarantee reproduction in favorable energetic conditions and to inhibit it in case of food scarcity. This metabolic strategy could be an advantage in nutritionally poor environments, but nowadays is affecting women's health. The unlimited availability of nutrients, in association with reduced energy expenditure, leads to alterations in many metabolic pathways and to impairments in the finely tuned inter-relation between energy metabolism and reproduction, thereby affecting female fertility. Many energetic states could influence female reproductive health being under- and over-weight, obesity and strenuous physical activity are all conditions that alter the profiles of specific hormones, such as insulin and adipokines, thus impairing women fertility. Furthermore, specific classes of nutrients might affect female fertility by acting on particular signaling pathways. Dietary fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins and food-associated components (such as endocrine disruptors) have per se physiological activities and their unbalanced intake, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, might impair metabolic homeostasis and fertility in premenopausal women. Even though we are far from identifying a "fertility diet", lifestyle and dietary interventions might represent a promising and invaluable strategy to manage infertility in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
- Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
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18
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Finger BJ, Harvey AJ, Green MP, Gardner DK. Combined parental obesity negatively impacts preimplantation mouse embryo development, kinetics, morphology and metabolism. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2084-96. [PMID: 26089300 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does combined parental obesity, both an obese mother and father, have a greater effect on mouse preimplantation embryo development and quality than single-parent obesity? SUMMARY ANSWER Combined parental obesity causes a greater reduction in the blastocyst rate and a greater delay to the timing of key embryonic developmental events than single-parental obesity, as well as altering embryonic characteristics, such as zona pellucida width. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Maternal or paternal obesity alone are known to have significant and detrimental impacts on preimplantation embryo development. Furthermore, these early embryonic perturbations can have long-term impacts on both offspring health and further generations. This is one of the first studies to examine the effects of having both an obese mother and an obese father. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A cross-sectional control versus treatment mouse study of diet-induced obesity was employed, in which 300 embryos per group were generated and studied from reciprocal matings: (i) control female and control male (Lean Parented Embryos); (ii) control female and obese male (Paternal Obese Parented Embryos); (iii) obese female and control male (Maternal Obese Parented Embryos) and (iv) obese female and obese male (Combined Obese Parented embryos). Assessments of the embryonic development rate, timing of development, morphological characteristics, metabolic gene expression, metabolism and cell lineage allocation were made at selected time points and analysed in relation to parental obesity status. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Three-week-old C57BL6 male and female mice were fed control (7% total fat) or high fat (21% total fat) diets for a minimum of 8 weeks. Females were superovulated, mated, fertilized zygotes recovered and standard mouse in vitro embryo culture performed. Time-lapse monitoring was undertaken to compare developmental timings and morphological characteristics (embryonic area and zona pellucida width) for embryos from all four reciprocal matings. Differential staining identified cell lineage allocation. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and microfluorescence were used to measure gene expression and metabolism (glucose consumption and lactate production), respectively, in embryos from Lean Parented and Combined Obese Parented matings. This research was completed in a University research laboratory. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Blastocyst rate was reduced in Combined Obese Parented embryos when compared with both Single Obese (11% decrease for Maternal Obese Parented, P < 0.05; 15% for Paternal Obese Parented, P < 0.05) and Lean Parented embryos (25% decrease, P < 0.01). Time-lapse analysis of developmental kinetics highlighted a delay of 1 h at the 2-3 cell division, extending to 6 h delay by the blastocyst stage for Combined Obese Parented embryos (P < 0.05). A reduction in the total cell number of Combined Obese Parented blastocysts was a further manifestation of this developmental delay (P < 0.05). Zona pellucida width was reduced in Combined Obese Parented embryos (P < 0.05). Glucose consumption was increased in Combined Obese Parented embryos (P < 0.05), which was associated with the up-regulation of Glucose transporter 1 expression (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS AND REASON FOR CAUTION This study was completed in fertile C57BL/6 mice using a well-defined model of diet-induced obesity in which embryos were fertilized in vivo. Human obesity is complex, with many causes and co-morbidities, and therefore, the impact of combined obesity would require further investigation in human settings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study demonstrates that combined parental obesity has a detrimental impact on mouse embryo development, a finding consistent with previous studies on individual parent obesity. Of note, the effect of combined parental obesity upon embryo development markers was greater than that of individual parental obesity. Plausibly, human embryos will be similarly impacted. The reduction in the blastocyst rate and delayed time to developmental events confirms that embryos of obese parents differ from those of lean parents. Allowance for this should therefore be incorporated into clinical practice when selecting the best embryo for the transfer of an obese couple. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Funding was provided by University of Melbourne research monies. M.P.G. currently holds the position of Merck Serono Lecturer of Reproductive Biology. D.K.G. received research funds from Vitrolife AB Sweden. The other authors of this manuscript have nothing to declare and no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Finger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Harvey
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David K Gardner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Ren P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yang Y, Jiang M. Functions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Gynecologic Disorders. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:43-9. [PMID: 25987855 PMCID: PMC4412418 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member of a class of nuclear hormone receptors intimately involved in the regulation of expression of myriad genes that regulate energy metabolism, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Although originally discovered as a pivotal regulator of adipocyte differentiation, the roles that PPARγ plays in gynecological disorders are still unknown. There are a number of studies on the functions of PPARγ and its agonists in gynecological disorders. In this mini-review, we provide a brief summary of the advances in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Basic Medical Research Center, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Sahmani M, Najafipour R, Farzadi L, Sakhinia E, Darabi M, Shahnazi V, Mehdizadeh A, Shaaker M, Noori M. Correlation between PPARγ protein expression level in granulosa cells and pregnancy rate in IVF program. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2012; 10:149-54. [PMID: 25242989 PMCID: PMC4163278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that involved in cellular lipid metabolism and differentiation. The subtype γ of the PPAR family (PPARγ) plays important roles in physiologic functions of ovaries. OBJECTIVE To determine correlation between PPARγ protein level in granulosa cells and pregnancy rate in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, twenty-five samples of granulosa cells were collected from women referred to an IVF treatment center. PPARγ protein expression level in granulosa cells was determined in comparison with β-actin level as control gene with Western blot test. Laboratory pregnancy was determined by a rise in blood β-hCG level fourteen days after embryo transfer. Correlation analyses were used to test for associations between the oocytes and pregnancy occurrence as outcome variables and PPARγ protein expression level. RESULTS Correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between granulosa cells PPARγ protein level with IVF parameters including number of matured oocytes and the ratio of fertilized to matured oocytes. Comparison of granulosa cells PPARγ protein level with positive and negative laboratory pregnancy revealed also no significant relationship. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, PPARγ protein level in granulosa cells could not be directly correlated to the success rate of IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sahmani
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Research Center, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Shahnazi
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsod Shaaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Noori
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Silva E, Paczkowski M, Krisher RL. The effect of leptin on maturing porcine oocytes is dependent on glucose concentration. Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:296-307. [PMID: 22368147 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased body weight is often accompanied by increased circulating levels of leptin and glucose, which alters glucose metabolism in various tissues, including perhaps the oocyte. Alteration of glucose metabolism impacts oocyte function and may contribute to the subfertility often associated with obese individuals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of leptin (0, 10, and 100 ng/ml) on the oocyte and cumulus cells during in vitro maturation under differing glucose concentrations. We examined the effects of leptin on oocyte maturation, blastocyst development, and/or gene expression in oocytes and cumulus cells (IRS1, IGF1, PPARγ, IL6, GLUT1) in a physiological glucose (2 mM) and high glucose (50 mM) environment. We also evaluated the effect of leptin on glucose metabolism via glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In a physiological glucose environment, leptin did not have an influence on oocyte maturation, blastocyst development, or oocyte gene expression. Expression of GLUT1 in cumulus cells was downregulated with 100 ng/ml leptin treatment, but did not affect oocyte glucose metabolism. In a high glucose environment, oocyte maturation and glycolysis were decreased, but in the presence of 100 ng/ml leptin, these parameters were improved to levels similar to control. This effect is potentially mediated by an upregulation of oocyte IRS1 and a correction of cumulus cell IGF1 expression. The present study demonstrates that in a physiological glucose concentration, leptin plays a negligible role in oocyte function. However, leptin appears to modulate the deleterious impact of a high glucose environment on oocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Kravchenko NA, Yarmysh NV. Role of PPARs and their isoforms in metabolic disorders related to insulin resistance and diabetes. CYTOL GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452711030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cardozo E, Pavone ME, Hirshfeld-Cytron JE. Metabolic syndrome and oocyte quality. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011; 22:103-9. [PMID: 21277789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome affects one in four women in the USA, and the incidence is rising every year. Metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with development of coronary artery disease and diabetes. Women of reproductive age are not spared from the complications of metabolic syndrome, which overlaps with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), both of which are linked to infertility and poor reproductive outcome. Therefore, the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and reproductive dysfunction is an active area of study. In this review, we discuss the animal and human data available to determine if the abnormality is at the level of the ovary and/or endometrium, and discuss the underlying mechanisms causing the associated poor reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Cardozo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair Street Suite 1845 Chicago, IL 60611, Evanston, IL, USA
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Couto JA, Saraiva KLA, Barros CD, Udrisar DP, Peixoto CA, Vieira JSBC, Lima MC, Galdino SL, Pitta IR, Wanderley MI. Effect of chronic treatment with Rosiglitazone on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in rats: in vivo and ex vivo studies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:13. [PMID: 20144211 PMCID: PMC2829566 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to examine the effect of chronic treatment with rosiglitazone - thiazolidinedione used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for its insulin sensitizing effects - on the Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in normal adult rats. METHODS Twelve adult male Wistar rats were treated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg) administered by gavage for 15 days. Twelve control animals were treated with the vehicle. The ability of rosiglitazone to directly affect the production of testosterone by Leydig cells ex vivo was evaluated using isolated Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats. Testosterone production was induced either by activators of the cAMP/PKA pathway (hCG and dbcAMP) or substrates of steroidogenesis [22(R)-hydroxy-cholesterol (22(R)-OH-C), which is a substrate for the P450scc enzyme, and pregnenolone, which is the product of the P450scc-catalyzed step]. Testosterone in plasma and in incubation medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. The StAR and P450scc expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The levels of total circulating testosterone were not altered by rosiglitazone treatment. A decrease in basal or induced testosterone production occurred in the Leydig cells of rosiglitazone-treated rats. The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis of Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats revealed cells with characteristics of increased activity as well as increased StAR and P450scc expression, which are key proteins in androgen biosynthesis. However, a number of rosiglitazone-treated cells exhibited significant mitochondrial damage. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant reduction in testosterone production under basal, hCG/dbcAMP- or 22 (R)-OH-C/pregnenolone-induced conditions, although increased labeling of StAR and P450scc was detected in these cells by immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructural study suggested that the lower levels of testosterone produced by these cells could be due to mitochondrial damage induced by rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína A Couto
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52.171-900, Brazil
| | - Karina LA Saraiva
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (FIOCRUZ) and Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast (CETENE), Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Cleiton D Barros
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Udrisar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Christina A Peixoto
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (FIOCRUZ) and Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast (CETENE), Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Juliany SB César Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria C Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Suely L Galdino
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Ivan R Pitta
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria I Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
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Long MJ, Sairam MR, Komar CM. Initiation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in the rat ovary and the role of FSH. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:145. [PMID: 19968884 PMCID: PMC2795759 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARgamma is highly expressed in granulosa cells by 23 days post-partum (pp) and is down-regulated in response to the LH surge. We tested the hypothesis that high levels of FSH during the neonatal period trigger the expression of PPARgamma. To determine when PPARgamma expression is initiated, ovaries were collected from neonatal rats. Messenger RNA for PPARgamma was undetectable on day 1, low from days 5-14, and increased by day 19 pp (p < 0.05). PPARgamma was detected in select granulosa cells in primary/early secondary follicles. Messenger RNA for the FSH receptor was detected as early as day 1 and remained steady throughout day 19 pp. The FSH receptor was detected by immunoblot analysis in ovaries collected 1, 2, and 5-9 days pp. In a subsequent experiment, neonatal rats were treated with acyline (GnRH antagonist) which significantly reduced FSH (p < 0.05) but not levels of mRNA for PPARgamma. The role of FSH in the induction of PPARgamma expression was further assessed in ovarian tissue from FORKO mice. Both mRNA and protein for PPARgamma were identified in ovarian tissue from FORKO mice. In summary, the FSH/FSH receptor system is present in granulosa cells prior to the onset of expression of PPARgamma. Reducing FSH during the neonatal period, or the ability to respond to FSH, did not decrease expression of mRNA for PPARgamma. These data indicate that FSH is not a primary factor initiating the expression of PPARgamma and that other agents play a role in activating its expression in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Long
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - M Ram Sairam
- Molecular Reproduction Research Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Carolyn M Komar
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV 24901, USA
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Kim J, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK. Control of ovulation in mice by progesterone receptor-regulated gene networks. Mol Hum Reprod 2009; 15:821-8. [PMID: 19815644 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gap082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) induces ovulation, a process during which a fertilizable oocyte is released from a mature ovarian follicle. Although ovulation is a physiologically well-characterized event, the underlying molecular pathways remain poorly understood. Progesterone receptor (PGR), which mediates the biological effects of the steroid hormone progesterone, has emerged as a key regulator of ovulation in mice. The development of a progesterone-receptor-null (Pgr-null) mouse model confirmed a critical role of this hormone in ovulation because in these mutant mice, mature pre-ovulatory follicles fail to release the oocytes. This animal model has thus presented a unique opportunity to study the molecular pathways underlying ovulation. Gene-expression profiling experiments by several groups, using the ovaries of Pgr-null mice, revealed novel gene networks, which act downstream of PGR to control ovulation. These genes encode diverse molecules such as proteases, transcription factors, cell-adhesion molecules, modulators of vascular activities and regulators of inflammation. Functional analyses using gene-knockout mouse models have confirmed that some of these factors play critical roles during ovulation. The knowledge gained from these studies has helped us to understand better the molecular mechanisms that facilitate the release of oocytes from pre-ovulatory follicles. Further analysis of the role of molecular regulators of ovulation will help identify useful molecular targets that would allow the development of improved contraceptives and new therapeutics for anovulatory infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Research in Reproduction and Infertility, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Activation of PPARγ by Rosiglitazone does not negatively impact male sex steroid hormones in diabetic rats. PPAR Res 2009; 2009:101857. [PMID: 19536350 PMCID: PMC2696180 DOI: 10.1155/2009/101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation decreased serum testosterone (T) in women with hyperthecosis and/or polycystic ovary syndrome and reduced the conversion of androgens to estradiol (E2) in female rats. This implies modulation of female sex steroid hormones by PPARγ. It is not clear if PPARγ modulates sex steroid hormones in diabetic males. Because PPARγ activation by thiazolidinedione increased insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, understanding the long term impact of PPARγ activation on steroid sex hormones in males is critical. Our objective was to determine the effect of PPARγ activation on serum and intratesticular T, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and E2 concentrations in male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats treated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (a thiazolidinedione). Treatment for eight weeks increased PPARγ mRNA and protein in the testis and elevated serum adiponectin, an adipokine marker for PPARγ activation. PPARγ activation did not alter serum or intratesticular T concentrations. In contrast, serum T level but not intratesticular T was reduced by diabetes. Neither diabetes nor PPARγ activation altered serum E2 or gonadotropins FSH and LH concentrations. The results suggest that activation of PPARγ by rosiglitazone has no negative impact on sex hormones in male ZDF rats.
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[Role of the fatty acids in ovarian functions: involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and adipokines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 36:1230-8. [PMID: 19013096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nutrition and energy reserves on the reproductive functions is known for a very long time. However, the metabolic factors involved in the interactions between nutrition and reproduction are still poorly understood. These factors may be hormones or nutrients (glucose, protein and fatty acids). However, it remains to determine whether these factors act directly or indirectly on the reproductive tissues. In this issue, we briefly summarize the impact of fatty acids on the development of ovarian follicles, oocyte and embryo. We then discuss the current hypotheses about the mechanisms of action of these fatty acids on the ovarian functions. We describe more particularly the role of some receptors of fatty acids, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) and Liver X Receptors (LXR) and two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin on ovarian cells.
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Robker RL. Evidence that obesity alters the quality of oocytes and embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:115-21. [PMID: 18599275 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is more common in overweight and obese women, with reproductive impairments occurring at many levels of the hypothalamic-ovarian-uterine axis. These impairments lead primarily to longer times to conception and decreased pregnancy rates and have resulted in increasing numbers of overweight and obese women seeking assisted reproduction technologies, such as in vitro fertilization or IVF. Even after undertaking IVF procedures obese women have decreased pregnancy rates compared to moderate weight women, suggesting there may be intrinsic differences in the oocytes of these patients. Definitive data is lacking however, and thus the effect of obesity on oocyte quality remains one of the biggest controversies in reproductive medicine. This review summarizes the studies to date which have yielded information about the effects of obesity on human oocyte quality and pre-implantation embryo development. In addition recent results from our laboratory which clearly demonstrate that diet-induced obesity in mice impairs oocyte developmental competence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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