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Saia F, Prato A, Saccuzzo L, Madia F, Barone R, Fichera M, Rizzo R. Copy Number Variations in Children with Tourette Syndrome: Systematic Investigation in a Clinical Setting. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:500. [PMID: 36833427 PMCID: PMC9956985 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance with heterogeneous and not completely known etiology. Clinical and molecular appraisal of affected patients is mandatory for outcome amelioration. The current study aimed to understand the molecular bases underpinning TS in a vast cohort of pediatric patients with TS. Molecular analyses included array-CGH analyses. The primary goal was to define the neurobehavioral phenotype of patients with or without pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs). Moreover, we compared the CNVs with CNVs described in the literature in neuropsychiatric disorders, including TS, to describe an effective clinical and molecular characterization of patients for prognostic purposes and for correctly taking charge. Moreover, this study showed that rare deletions and duplications focusing attention on significant genes for neurodevelopment had a statistically higher occurrence in children with tics and additional comorbidities. In our cohort, we determined an incidence of potentially causative CNVs of about 12%, in line with other literature studies. Clearly, further studies are needed to delineate the genetic background of patients with tic disorders in a superior way to elucidate the complex genetic architecture of these disorders, to describe the outcome, and to identify new possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Saia
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catania University, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Prato
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catania University, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Saccuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catania University, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fichera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatric Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catania University, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Scala M, De Grandis E, Nobile G, Iacomino M, Madia F, Capra V, Nobili L, Zara F, Striano P. Biallelic ZBTB11 variants associated with complex neuropsychiatric phenotype featuring Tourette syndrome. Brain 2022; 146:e1-e4. [PMID: 36068688 PMCID: PMC9825546 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Correspondence to: Marcello Scala Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Elisa De Grandis
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nobile
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Federico Zara Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy,Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Clarke RA, Eapen V. LRRTM4 Terminal Exon Duplicated in Family with Tourette Syndrome, Autism and ADHD. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010066. [PMID: 35052406 PMCID: PMC8774418 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by motor and vocal tics and strong association with autistic deficits, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The genetic overlap between TS and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes those genes that encode the neurexin trans-synaptic connexus (NTSC) inclusive of the presynaptic neurexins (NRXNs) and postsynaptic neuroligins (NLGNs), cerebellin precursors (CBLNs in complex with the glutamate ionotropic receptor deltas (GRIDs)) and the leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins (LRRTMs). In this study, we report the first evidence of a TS and ASD association with yet another NTSC gene family member, namely LRRTM4. Duplication of the terminal exon of LRRTM4 was found in two females with TS from the same family (mother and daughter) in association with autistic traits and ASD.
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[Heterogeneous neuropsychiatric phenotypes in two adult patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge's syndrome): a case for RDoC?]. DER NERVENARZT 2021; 93:483-487. [PMID: 34735587 PMCID: PMC9061649 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Das DiGeorge-Syndrom ist eines der häufigsten Mikrodeletionssyndrome und bedingt ein erhöhtes Risiko für neuropsychiatrische Störungen der Intelligenz, der sozialen Kommunikation und der Exekutivfunktionen sowie psychotische Störungen. Im Falle des vorgestellten männlichen Patienten handelt es sich um die seltene Beschreibung eines Tourette-Syndroms auf der Grundlage eines 22q11.2-Mikrodeletionssyndroms. Die folgenden zwei Fallbeispiele demonstrieren die Vielfalt assoziierter klinischer Präsentationen, selbst auf der Grundlage einer übereinstimmenden und umschriebenen genetischen Aberration. Eine Charakterisierung solcher Patient*innen im Kontext der klinisch-wissenschaftlichen Praxis anhand der Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) ermöglicht eine transdiagnostische Beschreibung der überlappenden wie auch spezifischen neuropsychiatrischen Funktionseinschränkungen. Eine solche dimensionale Charakterisierung erlaubt somit potenziell auch eine genauere Differenzierung pleiotroper Assoziationen zwischen Genotyp und Phänotyp.
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Clarke RA, Furlong TM, Eapen V. Tourette Syndrome Risk Genes Regulate Mitochondrial Dynamics, Structure, and Function. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:556803. [PMID: 33776808 PMCID: PMC7987655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics with an estimated prevalence of 1% in children and adolescents. GTS has high rates of inheritance with many rare mutations identified. Apart from the role of the neurexin trans-synaptic connexus (NTSC) little has been confirmed regarding the molecular basis of GTS. The NTSC pathway regulates neuronal circuitry development, synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission. In this study we integrate GTS mutations into mitochondrial pathways that also regulate neuronal circuitry development, synaptic connectivity and neurotransmission. Many deleterious mutations in GTS occur in genes with complementary and consecutive roles in mitochondrial dynamics, structure and function (MDSF) pathways. These genes include those involved in mitochondrial transport (NDE1, DISC1, OPA1), mitochondrial fusion (OPA1), fission (ADCY2, DGKB, AMPK/PKA, RCAN1, PKC), mitochondrial metabolic and bio-energetic optimization (IMMP2L, MPV17, MRPL3, MRPL44). This study is the first to develop and describe an integrated mitochondrial pathway in the pathogenesis of GTS. The evidence from this study and our earlier modeling of GTS molecular pathways provides compounding support for a GTS deficit in mitochondrial supply affecting neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Clarke
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Teri M Furlong
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,South West Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Bahji A, Khalid-Khan S. Episodic Behavioural Regression in an 8-Year-Old Female: Sequelae of 22q11.2 Duplication Syndrome. Case Rep Psychiatry 2018; 2018:1394356. [PMID: 30174976 PMCID: PMC6106909 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1394356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 duplication syndrome is a recently discovered genetic syndrome with unclear neuropsychiatric sequelae. While its connection to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is actively investigated, case reports on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of affected individuals have been previously described, largely focusing on comorbid autism spectrum disorder. Here, we present the case of an 8-year-old female experiencing episodes of severe behavioural regression following medical illness. We analyze the case and relate it to the available literature and identify potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bahji
- Division of Child & Youth Psychiatry, Queen's University, Canada
| | - S. Khalid-Khan
- Division of Child & Youth Psychiatry, Queen's University, Canada
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Pagliaroli L, Vető B, Arányi T, Barta C. From Genetics to Epigenetics: New Perspectives in Tourette Syndrome Research. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:277. [PMID: 27462201 PMCID: PMC4940402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. TS presents high comorbidity rates with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). TS is highly heritable and has a complex polygenic background. However, environmental factors also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms. Different epigenetic mechanisms may represent the link between these two causalities. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to have an impact in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, however very little is known about its effects on Tourette Syndrome. This review provides a summary of the recent findings in genetic background of TS, followed by an overview on different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic studies in other neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed along with the TS-related epigenetic findings available in the literature to date. Moreover, we are proposing that some general epigenetic mechanisms seen in other neuropsychiatric disorders may also play a role in the pathogenesis of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Vető
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, University of AngersAngers, France
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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Karagiannidis I, Tsetsos F, Padmanabhuni SS, Alexander J, Georgitsi M, Paschou P. The Genetics of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: a Common Aetiological Basis with Comorbid Disorders? Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Zhao D, Lin M, Chen J, Pedrosa E, Hrabovsky A, Fourcade HM, Zheng D, Lachman HM. MicroRNA Profiling of Neurons Generated Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder, and 22q11.2 Del. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132387. [PMID: 26173148 PMCID: PMC4501820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We are using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study neuropsychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2 microdeletions (del), the most common known schizophrenia (SZ)-associated genetic factor. Several genes in the region have been implicated; a promising candidate is DGCR8, which codes for a protein involved in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. We carried out miRNA expression profiling (miRNA-seq) on neurons generated from iPSCs derived from controls and SZ patients with 22q11.2 del. Using thresholds of p<0.01 for nominal significance and 1.5-fold differences in expression, 45 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected (13 lower in SZ and 32 higher). Of these, 6 were significantly down-regulated in patients after correcting for genome wide significance (FDR<0.05), including 4 miRNAs that map to the 22q11.2 del region. In addition, a nominally significant increase in the expression of several miRNAs was found in the 22q11.2 neurons that were previously found to be differentially expressed in autopsy samples and peripheral blood in SZ and autism spectrum disorders (e.g., miR-34, miR-4449, miR-146b-3p, and miR-23a-5p). Pathway and function analysis of predicted mRNA targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs showed enrichment for genes involved in neurological disease and psychological disorders for both up and down regulated miRNAs. Our findings suggest that: i. neurons with 22q11.2 del recapitulate the miRNA expression patterns expected of 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency, ii. differentially expressed miRNAs previously identified using autopsy samples and peripheral cells, both of which have significant methodological problems, are indeed disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders and likely have an underlying genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingyan Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Hrabovsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - H. Matthew Fourcade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert M. Lachman
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Holleb P, Rabin M, Kurlan R. Tics and shorter stature: should we be looking for an association? TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 4:275. [PMID: 25429352 PMCID: PMC4242913 DOI: 10.7916/d85h7dxg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Tic disorders have commonly occurring and well recognized comorbidities including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Shorter stature is not generally appreciated as an associated feature. Methods Case reports and a literature review. Results We describe four recently encountered patients with tics and shorter stature. The literature suggests that in addition to OCD and ADHD, shorter stature may also commonly accompany tic disorders. A variety of neuroendocrine mechanisms have been proposed. Discussion The potential associations between shorter stature and tic disorders and the common comorbidities OCD and ADHD deserve more attention. More research is needed to establish the strength of these associations and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holleb
- Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Marcie Rabin
- Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Roger Kurlan
- Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Summit, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Twin and family studies support a significant genetic contribution to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders, such as chronic tic disorders, trichotillomania, skin-picking disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder. Recently, population-based studies and novel laboratory-based methods have confirmed substantial heritability in OCD. Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene association studies have provided information on specific gene variations that may be involved in the pathobiology of OCD, though a substantial portion of the genetic risk architecture remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Browne
- OCD and Related Disorders Program, Division of Tics, OCD, and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shannon L Gair
- OCD and Related Disorders Program, Division of Tics, OCD, and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, 6254, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, 6254, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Dorothy E Grice
- OCD and Related Disorders Program, Division of Tics, OCD, and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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McGrath LM, Yu D, Marshall C, Davis LK, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Li B, Cappi C, Gerber G, Wolf A, Schroeder FA, Osiecki L, O'Dushlaine C, Kirby A, Illmann C, Haddad S, Gallagher P, Fagerness JA, Barr CL, Bellodi L, Benarroch F, Bienvenu OJ, Black DW, Bloch MH, Bruun RD, Budman CL, Camarena B, Cath DC, Cavallini MC, Chouinard S, Coric V, Cullen B, Delorme R, Denys D, Derks EM, Dion Y, Rosário MC, Eapen V, Evans P, Falkai P, Fernandez TV, Garrido H, Geller D, Grabe HJ, Grados MA, Greenberg BD, Gross-Tsur V, Grünblatt E, Heiman GA, Hemmings SMJ, Herrera LD, Hounie AG, Jankovic J, Kennedy JL, King RA, Kurlan R, Lanzagorta N, Leboyer M, Leckman JF, Lennertz L, Lochner C, Lowe TL, Lyon GJ, Macciardi F, Maier W, McCracken JT, McMahon W, Murphy DL, Naarden AL, Neale BM, Nurmi E, Pakstis AJ, Pato MT, Pato CN, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Pollak Y, Reus VI, Richter MA, Riddle M, Robertson MM, Rosenberg D, Rouleau GA, Ruhrmann S, Sampaio AS, Samuels J, Sandor P, Sheppard B, Singer HS, Smit JH, Stein DJ, Tischfield JA, Vallada H, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Walitza S, Wang Y, Wendland JR, Shugart YY, Miguel EC, Nicolini H, Oostra BA, Moessner R, Wagner M, Ruiz-Linares A, Heutink P, Nestadt G, Freimer N, Petryshen T, Posthuma D, Jenike MA, Cox NJ, Hanna GL, Brentani H, Scherer SW, Arnold PD, Stewart SE, Mathews CA, Knowles JA, Cook EH, Pauls DL, Wang K, Scharf JM. Copy number variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and tourette syndrome: a cross-disorder study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53:910-9. [PMID: 25062598 PMCID: PMC4218748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are heritable neurodevelopmental disorders with a partially shared genetic etiology. This study represents the first genome-wide investigation of large (>500 kb), rare (<1%) copy number variants (CNVs) in OCD and the largest genome-wide CNV analysis in TS to date. METHOD The primary analyses used a cross-disorder design for 2,699 case patients (1,613 ascertained for OCD, 1,086 ascertained for TS) and 1,789 controls. Parental data facilitated a de novo analysis in 348 OCD trios. RESULTS Although no global CNV burden was detected in the cross-disorder analysis or in secondary, disease-specific analyses, there was a 3.3-fold increased burden of large deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (p = .09). Half of these neurodevelopmental deletions were located in a single locus, 16p13.11 (5 case patient deletions: 0 control deletions, p = .08 in the current study, p = .025 compared to published controls). Three 16p13.11 deletions were confirmed de novo, providing further support for the etiological significance of this region. The overall OCD de novo rate was 1.4%, which is intermediate between published rates in controls (0.7%) and in individuals with autism or schizophrenia (2-4%). CONCLUSION Several converging lines of evidence implicate 16p13.11 deletions in OCD, with weaker evidence for a role in TS. The trend toward increased overall neurodevelopmental CNV burden in TS and OCD suggests that deletions previously associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders may also contribute to these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M McGrath
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; American University, Washington, DC; Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston
| | | | | | | | - Bingbin Li
- University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cathy L Barr
- University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruth D Bruun
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; New York University Medical Center, New York
| | - Cathy L Budman
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Delorme
- Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris and the French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam; Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helena Garrido
- Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica; Clinica Herrera Amighetti, Avenida Escazú, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Hans J Grabe
- University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marion Leboyer
- Robert Debre University Hospital, Paris and the French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas L Lowe
- University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis L Murphy
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Benjamin M Neale
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston
| | - Erika Nurmi
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - John Piacentini
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Victor I Reus
- University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Margaret A Richter
- University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto
| | - Mark Riddle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | | - Aline S Sampaio
- Federal University of São Paulo; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jack Samuels
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Paul Sandor
- University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto
| | - Brooke Sheppard
- University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine
| | | | - Jan H Smit
- VU Amsterdam and Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam; VU University Amsterdam; VU Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Jens R Wendland
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Ben A Oostra
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn and VU Medical Center Amsterdam
| | | | - Nelson Freimer
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA
| | - Tracey Petryshen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul D Arnold
- University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Carol A Mathews
- University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Kai Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Los Angeles
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston; Harvard-MIT Broad Institute, Boston.
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Paschou P. The genetic basis of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1026-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nag A, Bochukova EG, Kremeyer B, Campbell DD, Muller H, Valencia-Duarte AV, Cardona J, Rivas IC, Mesa SC, Cuartas M, Garcia J, Bedoya G, Cornejo W, Herrera LD, Romero R, Fournier E, Reus VI, Lowe TL, Farooqi IS, Mathews CA, McGrath LM, Yu D, Cook E, Wang K, Scharf JM, Pauls DL, Freimer NB, Plagnol V, Ruiz-Linares A. CNV analysis in Tourette syndrome implicates large genomic rearrangements in COL8A1 and NRXN1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59061. [PMID: 23533600 PMCID: PMC3606459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. However, the genetic architecture of TS remains uncertain. Copy number variation (CNV) has been shown to contribute to the genetic make-up of several neurodevelopmental conditions, including schizophrenia and autism. Here we describe CNV calls using SNP chip genotype data from an initial sample of 210 TS cases and 285 controls ascertained in two Latin American populations. After extensive quality control, we found that cases (N = 179) have a significant excess (P = 0.006) of large CNV (>500 kb) calls compared to controls (N = 234). Amongst 24 large CNVs seen only in the cases, we observed four duplications of the COL8A1 gene region. We also found two cases with ∼400 kb deletions involving NRXN1, a gene previously implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including TS. Follow-up using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (and including 53 more TS cases) validated the CNV calls and identified additional patients with rearrangements in COL8A1 and NRXN1, but none in controls. Examination of available parents indicates that two out of three NRXN1 deletions detected in the TS cases are de-novo mutations. Our results are consistent with the proposal that rare CNVs play a role in TS aetiology and suggest a possible role for rearrangements in the COL8A1 and NRXN1 gene regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nag
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena G. Bochukova
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kremeyer
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Desmond D. Campbell
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Muller
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana V. Valencia-Duarte
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio Cardona
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Isabel C. Rivas
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sandra C. Mesa
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Cuartas
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jharley Garcia
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - William Cornejo
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Lowe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. McGrath
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ed Cook
- University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah M. Scharf
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David L. Pauls
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Pathogenetic model for Tourette syndrome delineates overlap with related neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e158. [PMID: 22948383 PMCID: PMC3565204 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by motor and vocal tics. Despite decades of research, the aetiology of TS has remained elusive. Recent successes in gene discovery backed by rapidly advancing genomic technologies have given us new insights into the genetic basis of the disorder, but the growing collection of rare and disparate findings have added confusion and complexity to the attempts to translate these findings into neurobiological mechanisms resulting in symptom genesis. In this review, we explore a previously unrecognised genetic link between TS and a competing series of trans-synaptic complexes (neurexins (NRXNs), neuroligins (NLGNs), leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins (LRRTMs), leucine rich repeat neuronals (LRRNs) and cerebellin precursor 2 (CBLN2)) that links it with autism spectrum disorder through neurodevelopmental pathways. The emergent neuropathogenetic model integrates all five genes so far found to be uniquely disrupted in TS into a single pathogenetic chain of events described in context with clinical and research implications.
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Analysis of the MRPL3, DNAJC13 and OFCC1 variants in Chinese Han patients with TS-CTD. Neurosci Lett 2012; 517:18-20. [PMID: 22507240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome/chronic tic phenotype (TS-CTD) is a neurological disorder manifested particularly by motor and vocal tics and associated with a variety of behavioral abnormalities. Recently, the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3 gene (MRPL3) S75N, the DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog subfamily C member 13 gene (DNAJC13) A2057S, the orofacial cleft 1 candidate 1 gene (OFCC1) R129G and c.-5A>G variants are reported to be associated with Tourette syndrome/chronic tic phenotype (TS-CTD) in patients of European ancestry. To evaluate whether these variants are associated with TS-CTD in Chinese Han patients, we screened 132 Chinese Han patients from Mainland China. None of the 132 samples from patients with TS-CTD showed the MRPL3 S75N, DNAJC13 A2057S, OFCC1 R129G and c.-5A>G variants, and these variants probably are a rare cause of TS-CTD in a Chinese Han ethnic group. Genetic heterogeneity of TS should be considered and tests designed to detect these variants in Chinese Han ethnic group probably will not have a diagnostic utility in clinical practice.
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18
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Fernandez TV, Sanders SJ, Yurkiewicz IR, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Kim YS, Fishman DO, Raubeson MJ, Song Y, Yasuno K, Ho WSC, Bilguvar K, Glessner J, Chu SH, Leckman JF, King RA, Gilbert DL, Heiman GA, Tischfield JA, Hoekstra PJ, Devlin B, Hakonarson H, Mane SM, Günel M, State MW. Rare copy number variants in tourette syndrome disrupt genes in histaminergic pathways and overlap with autism. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:392-402. [PMID: 22169095 PMCID: PMC3282144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of copy number variation (CNV) have characterized loci and molecular pathways in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. We analyzed rare CNVs in Tourette syndrome (TS) to identify novel risk regions and relevant pathways, to evaluate burden of structural variation in cases versus controls, and to assess overlap of identified variations with those in other neuropsychiatric syndromes. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 460 individuals with TS, including 148 parent-child trios and 1131 controls. CNV analysis was undertaken using 370 K to 1 M probe arrays, and genotyping data were used to match cases and controls for ancestry. CNVs present in < 1% of the population were evaluated. RESULTS While there was no significant increase in the number of de novo or transmitted rare CNVs in cases versus controls, pathway analysis using multiple algorithms showed enrichment of genes within histamine receptor (subtypes 1 and 2) signaling pathways (p = 5.8 × 10(-4) - 1.6 × 10(-2)), as well as axon guidance, cell adhesion, nervous system development, and synaptic structure and function processes. Genes mapping within rare CNVs in TS showed significant overlap with those previously identified in autism spectrum disorders but not intellectual disability or schizophrenia. Three large, likely pathogenic, de novo events were identified, including one disrupting multiple gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes. CONCLUSIONS We identify further evidence supporting recent findings regarding the involvement of histaminergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic mechanisms in the etiology of TS and show an overlap of rare CNVs in TS and autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ilana R Yurkiewicz
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel O Fishman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Melanie J Raubeson
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Youeun Song
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Winson SC Ho
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Su Hee Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Robert A King
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gary A Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shrikant M Mane
- Keck Microarray Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Program on Neurogenetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Address correspondence to: Matthew W. State, MD, PhD, 230 S Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, Tel: 203-737-4342, Fax: 203-785-7560,
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Liu S, Yi M, Qi F, Sun Y, Che F, Ma X. No significant association between Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) -287A/G gene polymorphism and Tourette's syndrome in family-based association study in Chinese Han population. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 20:593-6. [PMID: 22009217 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-011-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
To identify the association of Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) -287A/G polymorphism with susceptibility to TS in Chinese Han population. We evaluated the genetic contribution of the COMT -287A/G polymorphism in 108 TS patients including all their parents in Chinese Han population using transmission disequilibrium test and haplotype relative risk design. Our results revealed that no significant association was found in COMT -287A/G genotypic and allelic frequencies with TS. Our results also suggested that there may be a lack of association between the TS and -287A/G polymorphism of COMT in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, China
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20
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State MW. The genetics of Tourette disorder. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:302-9. [PMID: 21277193 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tourette disorder (TD) is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric syndrome defined by persistent motor and vocal tics. Despite a long-standing consensus for a strong genetic contribution, the pace of discovery compared to other disorders of similar prevalence has been slow, due in part to a paucity of studies and both clinical heterogeneity and a complex genetic architecture. However, the potential for rapid progress is high. Recent rare variant findings have pointed to the importance of copy number variation, the overlap of risks among distinct diagnostic entities, the contribution of novel molecular mechanisms, and the value of family based studies. Finally, analysis of a cohort of sufficient size to identify common polymorphisms of plausible effect is underway, promising key information regarding the contribution of common alleles to TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W State
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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