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Hu Y, Li W, Cheng X, Yang H, She ZG, Cai J, Li H, Zhang XJ. Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 135:222-260. [PMID: 38900855 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease has become a major health burden worldwide, with sharply increasing prevalence but highly limited therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence has revealed that arachidonic acid derivatives and pathway factors link metabolic disorders to cardiovascular risks and intimately participate in the progression and severity of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we systemically summarized and updated the biological functions of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases, mainly focusing on heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and diabetes. We further discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arachidonic acid pathway-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic diseases and highlighted the emerging clinical advances to improve these pathological conditions by targeting arachidonic acid metabolites and pathway factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
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Rao A, Gupta A, Kain V, Halade GV. Extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of inflammation-resolution signaling in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H433-H448. [PMID: 37417877 PMCID: PMC10538986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and uncleared inflammation is the root cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Fundamentally, acute inflammation is supportive when overlapping with safe clearance of inflammation termed resolution; however, if the lifestyle-directed extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, or physical activity are misaligned, that results in unresolved inflammation. Although genetics play a critical role in cardiovascular health, four extrinsic risk factors-unhealthy processed diet, sleep disruption or fragmentation, sedentary lifestyle, thereby, subsequent stress-have been identified as heterogeneous and polygenic triggers of heart failure (HF), which can result in several complications with indications of chronic inflammation. Extrinsic risk factors directly impact endogenous intrinsic factors, such as using fatty acids by immune-responsive enzymes [lipoxygenases (LOXs)/cyclooxygenases (COXs)/cytochromes-P450 (CYP450)] to form resolution mediators that activate specific resolution receptors. Thus, the balance of extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, and physical activity feed-forward the coordination of intrinsic factors such as fatty acids-enzymes-bioactive lipid receptors that modulates the immune defense, metabolic health, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health. Future research on lifestyle- and aging-associated molecular patterns is warranted in the context of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, immune fitness, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Akul Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Lipoxygenase Pathways and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Atherogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081474. [PMID: 36011386 PMCID: PMC9408222 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society. Atherosclerosis causes a large number of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. A considerable amount of evidence suggests that inflammation is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Inflammation in the vascular wall has extensive cross-linkages with lipid metabolism, and lipid mediators act as a central link in the regulation of inflammation in the vascular wall. Data on the role of genetics and epigenetic factors in the development of atherosclerosis are of great interest. A growing body of evidence is strengthening the understanding of the significance of gene polymorphism, as well as gene expression dysregulation involved in cross-links between lipid metabolism and the innate immune system. A better understanding of the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis is an important step towards solving the problems of its early diagnosis and treatment.
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Chen S, Zou H. Key Role of 12-Lipoxygenase and Its Metabolite 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE) in Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:329-335. [PMID: 35129022 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1995003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal lipid metabolism has been proved to be implicated in the complex pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is a member of lipoxygenase family responsible for the oxygenation of cellular polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid mediators which modulate cell inflammation. This review explores the role of 12-lipoxygenase and its products in the pathogenesis of DR. METHODS A comprehensive medical literature search was conducted on PubMed till September 2021. RESULTS Emerging evidence has demonstrated that 12-LOX and its main product 12- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) activate retinal cells, especially retinal vascular endothelial cells, through the activation of NADPH oxidase and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediating multiple pathological changes during DR. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition models of 12-LOX in mice show protection from DR. CONCLUSION 12-LOX and its product 12-HETE take important part in DR pathogenesis and show their potential as future therapeutic targets for DR. Further studies are needed on the specific mechanism including 12-LOX pathway related molecules, 12-HETE receptors and downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Kourtidou C, Stangou M, Marinaki S, Tziomalos K. Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011196. [PMID: 34681856 PMCID: PMC8537513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are at very high risk for cardiovascular events. Only part of this increased risk can be attributed to the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to other DM-related comorbidities, including hypertension and obesity. The identification of novel risk factors that underpin the association between DKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is essential for risk stratification, for individualization of treatment and for identification of novel treatment targets.In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of emerging cardiovascular risk markers in patients with DKD. Among these biomarkers, fibroblast growth factor-23 and copeptin were studied more extensively and consistently predicted cardiovascular events in this population. Therefore, it might be useful to incorporate them in risk stratification strategies in patients with DKD to identify those who would possibly benefit from more aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christodoula Kourtidou
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Smaragdi Marinaki
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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The biological role of arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in various human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Liu J, Zhao W, Ammous F, Turner ST, Mosley TH, Zhou X, Smith JA. Longitudinal analysis of epigenome-wide DNA methylation reveals novel smoking-related loci in African Americans. Epigenetics 2019; 14:171-184. [PMID: 30764717 PMCID: PMC6557606 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1581589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation may be a potential mechanism that mediates the effects of smoking on physiological function and subsequent disease risk. Given the dynamic nature of the epigenome, longitudinal studies are indispensable for investigating smoking-induced methylation changes over time. Using blood samples collected approximately five years apart in 380 African Americans (mean age 60.7 years) from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study, we measured DNA methylation levels using Illumina HumanMethylation BeadChips. We evaluated the association between Phase 1 smoking status and rate of methylation change, using generalized estimating equation models. Among the 6958 CpG sites examined, smoking status was associated with methylation change for 22 CpGs (false discovery rate q < 0.1), with the majority (91%) becoming less methylated over time. Methylation change was greater in ever smokers than never smokers, and the absolute differences in rates of change ranged from 0.18 to 0.77 per decade in M value, equivalent to a β value change of 0.013 to 0.047 per decade. Significant enrichment was observed for CpG islands, enhancers, and DNAse hypersensitivity sites (p < 0.05). Although biological pathway analyses were not significant, most of the 22 CpGs were within genes known to be associated with cardiovascular disease, cancers, and aging. In conclusion, we identified epigenetic signatures for cigarette smoking that may have been missed in cross-sectional analyses, providing insight into the epigenetic effect of smoking and highlighting the importance of longitudinal analysis in understanding the dynamic human epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farah Ammous
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen T. Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Tsekmekidou XA, Kotsa KD, Tsetsos FS, Didangelos TP, Georgitsi MA, Roumeliotis AK, Panagoutsos SA, Thodis ED, Theodoridis MT, Papanas NP, Papazoglou DA, Pasadakis PS, Eustratios MS, Paschou PI, Yovos JG. Assessment of association between lipoxygenase genes variants in elderly Greek population and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018; 15:340-343. [PMID: 29392977 DOI: 10.1177/1479164118756241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Arachidonic acid lipoxygenases have been intensively studied in their role in inflammation in metabolic pathways. Thus, we aimed to explore variants of lipoxygenase genes (arachidonate lipoxygenase genes) in a diabetes adult population using a case-control study design. METHODS Study population consisted of 1285 elderly participants, 716 of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The control group consisted of non-diabetes individuals with no history of diabetes history and with a glycated haemoglobin <6.5% (<48 mmol/mol)] and fasting plasma glucose levels <126 mg/dL. Blood samples were genotyped on Illumina Infinium PsychArray. Variants of ALOX5, ALOX5AP, ALOX12, ALOX15 were selected. All statistical analyses were undertaken within PLINK and SPSS packages utilising permutation analysis tests. RESULTS Our findings showed an association of rs9669952 (odds ratio = 0.738, p = 0.013) and rs1132340 (odds ratio = 0.652, p = 0.008) in ALOX5AP and rs11239524 in ALOX5 gene with disease (odds ratio = 0.808, p = 0.038). Rs9315029 which is located near arachidonate ALOX5AP also associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.025). No variant of ALOX12 and ALOX15 genes associated with disease. CONCLUSION These results indicate a potential protective role of ALOX5AP and 5-arachidonate lipoxygenase gene in diabetes pathogenesis, indicating further the importance of the relationship between diabetes and inflammation. Larger population studies are required to replicate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthippi A Tsekmekidou
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi D Kotsa
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotis S Tsetsos
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos P Didangelos
- 3 Diabetes Center, 1st Propedeutic Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianthi A Georgitsi
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 4 Laboratory of General Biology-Genetics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Elias D Thodis
- 5 Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Marios T Theodoridis
- 5 Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos P Papanas
- 6 Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Papazoglou
- 6 Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ploumis S Pasadakis
- 5 Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maltezos S Eustratios
- 6 Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Peristera I Paschou
- 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - John G Yovos
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Internal Medicine Department, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Roumeliotis AK, Roumeliotis SK, Panagoutsos SA, Tsetsos F, Georgitsi M, Manolopoulos V, Paschou P, Passadakis PS. Association of ALOX12 gene polymorphism with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 50:321-329. [PMID: 29196930 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular (CV) events are the first cause of death in patients with chronic renal disease (CKD) and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The combination of CKD and DM2 elevates the risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death in this high-risk population. Besides traditional risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and carotid atherosclerosis, novel factors are under investigation such as genetic polymorphisms. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their genes are of critical importance in oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The aim of the study is to clarify a potential ALOX12 role in CVD presence and progress of diabetic patients in different stages of nephropathy. METHODS We studied 145 patients with a documented history of DM2 for at least 10 years and diabetic nephropathy (DN), mean age 68 ± 9 years, body mass index 31 ± 5 kg/m2, and different stages of renal disease, depending on glomerular filtration rate. The sample population consisted of two groups: 108 DM2 patients with DN in all five stages of CKD and 37 DM2 patients as controls. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics, interview for history of previous CV event, and assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were recorded at baseline. All patients were genotyped for ALOX12 polymorphisms with focus on rs14309. Genotypes (AA, AG, and GG) were evaluated for any possible role in CVD, and grouping was performed on A genotype, which is the dominant model. All participants were followed over a period of 7 years, and the end points studied were all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events. CV events were defined as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or peripheral artery disease. RESULTS The GG genotype has been significantly associated with cIMT levels above 0.86 mm and with history of MI. Regarding the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque in either carotid artery, no significant association was found when the genotypes were assessed on their own. After grouping, though, GG genotype revealed a significant association between carotid plaque formation and atheromatosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that ALOX12 gene GG genotype predicted all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events. Similarly, when AA and AG genotypes were grouped, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with GG genotype presented an even more significant higher all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and CV events compared with AA and AG genotypes combined. After adjustment for several traditional risk factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that patients with the GG genotype had a significant higher risk of all-cause mortality, a threefold increase in CV mortality, and a twofold increased risk for CV events compared to patients with the AA or the AG genotype. CONCLUSION ALOX12 rs14309 GG genotype expression was found to be significantly associated with MI, higher cIMT, increased CV events, CV, and overall mortality. This phenomenon could be partially explained by the increased platelet proaggregatory activity of AA products and the control they exert in thrombotic occurrence and plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios K Roumeliotis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stefanos K Roumeliotis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stylianos A Panagoutsos
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Marianthi Georgitsi
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Vangelis Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ploumis S Passadakis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Bras JP, Silva AM, Calin GA, Barbosa MA, Santos SG, Almeida MI. miR-195 inhibits macrophages pro-inflammatory profile and impacts the crosstalk with smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188530. [PMID: 29166412 PMCID: PMC5699821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a main component of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent studies suggest that pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages are pro-atherogenic while M2 macrophages promote plaque stability. Moreover, toll-like receptor signalling pathways are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation, evolution and regression. We propose microRNAs as key regulators of these processes. In this context, our goal is to promote inflammation resolution using miR-195 to reduce M1-like macrophage polarization and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying such effect, as well as to explore the functional consequences for smooth muscle cell recruitment. Human primary macrophages were differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes and stimulated with LPS or IL-10 to promote M1 or M2c polarization, respectively. miR-195 levels were upregulated in M2c macrophages compared with M1 macrophages. In THP-1 macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ, results show that TLR2 levels were reduced by miR-195 overexpression compared with scrambled control. In addition, phosphorylated forms of p54 JNK, p46 JNK and p38 MAPK were decreased by miR-195 in macrophages following M1 stimulation. Moreover, miR-195 significantly decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines in the supernatants of M1-stimulated macrophage cultures. At the functional level, results from smooth muscle cell recruitment and migration models showed that miR-195 impairs the capacity of M1 macrophages to promote smooth muscle cells migration. In conclusion, miR-195 is involved in macrophage polarization and inhibits TLR2 inflammatory pathway mediators. Moreover, miR-195 impairs the effect of macrophages on smooth muscle cells recruitment capacity and migration profile. Thus, miR-195 might be used as a new potential tool to promote inflammation resolution in cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Paulo Bras
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Machado Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - George A. Calin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mario Adolfo Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Gomes Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Ines Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Liu CL, Zhang JY, Shi GP. Interaction between allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Transl Res 2016; 174:5-22. [PMID: 26608212 PMCID: PMC4826642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have established an essential role of mast cells in allergic asthma and atherosclerosis. Mast cell deficiency or inactivation protects mice from allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and diet-induced atherosclerosis, suggesting that mast cells share pathologic activities in both diseases. Allergic asthma and atherosclerosis are inflammatory diseases that contain similar sets of elevated numbers of inflammatory cells in addition to mast cells in the airway and arterial wall, such as macrophages, monocytes, T cells, eosinophils, and smooth muscle cells. Emerging evidence from experimental models and human studies points to a potential interaction between the 2 seemingly unrelated diseases. Patients or mice with allergic asthma have a high risk of developing atherosclerosis or vice versa, despite the fact that asthma is a T-helper (Th)2-oriented disease, whereas Th1 immunity promotes atherosclerosis. In addition to the preferred Th1/Th2 responses that may differentiate the 2 diseases, mast cells and many other inflammatory cells also contribute to their pathogenesis by more than just T cell immunity. Here, we summarize the different roles of airway and arterial wall inflammatory cells and vascular cells in asthma and atherosclerosis and propose an interaction between the 2 diseases, although limited investigations are available to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which 1 disease increases the risk of the other. Results from mouse allergic asthma and atherosclerosis models and from human population studies lead to the hypothesis that patients with atherosclerosis may benefit from antiasthmatic medications or that the therapeutic regimens targeting atherosclerosis may also alleviate allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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12
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POSTULA MAREK, JANICKI PIOTRKAZIMIERZ, ROSIAK MAREK, EYILETEN CEREN, ZAREMBA MAŁGORZATA, KAPLON-CIESLICKA AGNIESZKA, SUGINO SHIGEKAZU, KOSIOR DARIUSZARTUR, OPOLSKI GRZEGORZ, FILIPIAK KRZYSZTOFJERZY, MIROWSKA-GUZEL DAGMARA. Targeted deep resequencing of ALOX5 and ALOX5AP in patients with diabetes and association of rare variants with leukotriene pathways. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:415-421. [PMID: 27347071 PMCID: PMC4906979 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible association between the accumulation of rare coding variants in the genes for arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) and ALOX5-activating protein (ALOX5AP), and corresponding production of leukotrienes (LTs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving acetylsalicylic therapy. Twenty exons and corresponding introns of the selected genes were resequenced in 303 DNA samples from patients with T2DM using pooled polymerase chain reaction amplification and next-generation sequencing, using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing system. The observed non-synonymous variants were further confirmed by individual genotyping of DNA samples comprising of all individuals from the original discovery pools. The association between the investigated phenotypes was based on LTB4 and LTE4 concentrations, and the accumulation of rare missense variants (genetic burden) in investigated genes was evaluated using statistical collapsing tests. A total of 10 exonic variants were identified for each resequenced gene, including 5 missense and 5 synonymous variants. The rare missense variants did not exhibit statistically significant differences in the accumulation pattern between the patients with low and high LTs concentrations. As the present study only included patients with T2DM, it is unclear whether the absence of observed association between the accumulation of rare missense variants in investigated genes and LT production is associated with diabetic populations only or may also be applied to other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAREK POSTULA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - PIOTR KAZIMIERZ JANICKI
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - MAREK ROSIAK
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital, The Ministry of the Interior, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - CEREN EYILETEN
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - MAŁGORZATA ZAREMBA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | | | - SHIGEKAZU SUGINO
- Perioperative Genomics Laboratory, Penn State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - DARIUSZ ARTUR KOSIOR
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Central Clinical Hospital, The Ministry of the Interior, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - GRZEGORZ OPOLSKI
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | | | - DAGMARA MIROWSKA-GUZEL
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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13
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Mashima R, Okuyama T. The role of lipoxygenases in pathophysiology; new insights and future perspectives. Redox Biol 2015; 6:297-310. [PMID: 26298204 PMCID: PMC4556770 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are dioxygenases that catalyze the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. LOX enzymes are expressed in immune, epithelial, and tumor cells that display a variety of physiological functions, including inflammation, skin disorder, and tumorigenesis. In the humans and mice, six LOX isoforms have been known. 15-LOX, a prototypical enzyme originally found in reticulocytes shares the similarity of amino acid sequence as well as the biochemical property to plant LOX enzymes. 15-LOX-2, which is expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has different substrate specificity in the humans and mice, therefore, the role of them in mammals has not been established. 12-LOX is an isoform expressed in epithelial cells and myeloid cells including platelets. Many mutations in this isoform are found in epithelial cancers, suggesting a potential link between 12-LOX and tumorigenesis. 12R-LOX can be found in the epithelial cells of the skin. Defects in this gene result in ichthyosis, a cutaneous disorder characterized by pathophysiologically dried skin due to abnormal loss of water from its epithelial cell layer. Similarly, eLOX-3, which is also expressed in the skin epithelial cells acting downstream 12R-LOX, is another causative factor for ichthyosis. 5-LOX is a distinct isoform playing an important role in asthma and inflammation. This isoform causes the constriction of bronchioles in response to cysteinyl leukotrienes such as LTC4, thus leading to asthma. It also induces neutrophilic inflammation by its recruitment in response to LTB4. Importantly, 5-LOX activity is strictly regulated by 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) though the distribution of 5-LOX in the nucleus. Currently, pharmacological drugs targeting FLAP are actively developing. This review summarized these functions of LOX enzymes under pathophysiological conditions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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14
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Horn T, Adel S, Schumann R, Sur S, Kakularam KR, Polamarasetty A, Redanna P, Kuhn H, Heydeck D. Evolutionary aspects of lipoxygenases and genetic diversity of human leukotriene signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 57:13-39. [PMID: 25435097 PMCID: PMC7112624 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized via the lipoxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade. Lipoxygenases form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes and human lipoxygenase isoforms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative (cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases. Lipoxygenases are not restricted to humans but also occur in a large number of pro- and eucaryotic organisms. Lipoxygenase-like sequences have been identified in the three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, eucarya) but because of lacking functional data the occurrence of catalytically active lipoxygenases in archaea still remains an open question. Although the physiological and/or pathophysiological functions of various lipoxygenase isoforms have been studied throughout the last three decades there is no unifying concept for the biological importance of these enzymes. In this review we are summarizing the current knowledge on the distribution of lipoxygenases in living single and multicellular organisms with particular emphasis to higher vertebrates and will also focus on the genetic diversity of enzymes and receptors involved in human leukotriene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 95064 Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Susan Adel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saubashya Sur
- Institute of Microbiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kumar Reddy Kakularam
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aparoy Polamarasetty
- School of Life Sciences, University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176215, India
| | - Pallu Redanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, Telangana, India
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Imai Y, Dobrian AD, Weaver JR, Butcher MJ, Cole BK, Galkina EV, Morris MA, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Nadler JL. Interaction between cytokines and inflammatory cells in islet dysfunction, insulin resistance and vascular disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:117-29. [PMID: 24003928 PMCID: PMC3777698 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an established pathogenic player in insulin resistance, islet demise and atherosclerosis. The complex interactions between cytokines, immune cells and affected tissues result in sustained inflammation in diabetes and atherosclerosis. 12- and 15-lipoxygenase (LO), such as 12/15-LO, produces a variety of metabolites through peroxidation of fatty acids and potentially contributes to the complex molecular crosstalk at the site of inflammation. 12- and 15-LO pathways are frequently activated in tissues affected by diabetes and atherosclerosis including adipose tissue (AT), islets and the vasculature. Moreover, mice with whole body and tissue-specific knockout of 12/15-LO are protected against insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and atherosclerosis supporting functional contribution of 12- and 15-LO pathways in diabetes and atherosclerosis. Recently, it has emerged that there is a temporal regulation of the particular isoforms of 12- and 15-LO in human AT and islets during the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and obesity. Analyses of tissues affected by diabetes and atherosclerosis also implied the roles of interleukin (IL)-12 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-1 (NOX-1) in islets and IL-17A in atherosclerosis. Future studies should aim to test the efficacy of inhibitions of these mediators for treatment of diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
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16
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ROSIAK MAREK, POSTULA MAREK, KAPLON-CIESLICKA AGNIESZKA, KONDRACKA AGNIESZKA, TRZEPLA EWA, ZAREMBA MALGORZATA, FILIPIAK KRZYSZTOFJ, KOSIOR DARIUSZA, CZLONKOWSKI ANDRZEJ, OPOLSKI GRZEGORZ, JANICKI PIOTRK. Lack of effect of common single nucleotide polymorphisms in leukotriene pathway genes on platelet reactivity in patients with diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:853-60. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Kim DS, Burt AA, Crosslin DR, Robertson PD, Ranchalis JE, Boyko EJ, Nickerson DA, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. Novel common and rare genetic determinants of paraoxonase activity: FTO, SERPINA12, and ITGAL. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:552-60. [PMID: 23160181 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p033266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity is associated with cardiovascular and other human diseases. As the role of genetic variants outside of the PON gene cluster on PON1 activity is unknown, we sought to identify common and rare variants in such loci. We typed 33,057 variants on the CVD chip in 1,362 subjects to test for their effects on adjusted-PON1 activity. Three novel genes (FTO, ITGAL, and SERPINA12) and the PON gene cluster had SNPs associated with PON1 arylesterase (AREase) activity. These loci were carried forward for rare-variant analysis using Exome chip genotypes in an overlapping subset of 1,051 subjects using sequence kernel association testing. PON1 (P = 2.24 × 10(-4)), PON3 (P = 0.022), FTO (P = 0.019), and SERPINA12 (P = 0.039) had both common and rare variants associated with PON1 AREase. ITGAL variants were associated with PON1 activity when using weighted sequence kernel association testing (SKAT) analysis (P = 2.63 × 10(-3)). When adjusting for the initial common variants, SERPINA12 became marginally significant (P = 0.09), whereas all other findings remained significant (P < 0.05), suggesting independent rare-variant effects. We present novel findings that common and rare variants in FTO, SERPINA12, and ITGAL predict PON1 activity. These results further link PON1 to diabetes and inflammation and may inform the role of HDL in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Jia G, Stormont RM, Gangahar DM, Agrawal DK. Role of matrix Gla protein in angiotensin II-induced exacerbation of vascular calcification. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H523-32. [PMID: 22796540 PMCID: PMC3468471 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00826.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification predicts an increased risk for cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis, diabetes, and end-stage kidney diseases. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), an inhibitor of calcification, limits calcium phosphate deposition in the vessel wall. There are many factors contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, the renin-angiotensin system, and inflammation. Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a crucial role in the atherogenic process through not only its pressor responses but also its growth-promoting and inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the role of MGP in ANG II-induced exacerbation of vascular calcification in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The expression of MGP, calcification, and apoptosis in human VSMCs were examined by Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Increase in VSMC calcification in human atherosclerotic plaques upregulates MGP expression and apoptosis in a negative feedback manner. ANG II inhibited MGP expression in VSMCs via and in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner through ANG II type 1 receptor and NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, MGP inhibited the calcification, caspase-3 activity, activation of runt-related transcription factor 2, and release of inflammatory cytokines by VSMCs induced by calcification medium (2.5 mM P(i)) and ANG II in vitro. These observations provide evidence that ANG II exacerbates vascular calcification through activation of the transcription factors, runt-related transcription factor 2 and NF-κB, and regulation of MGP, inflammatory cytokines expression in human VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium Phosphates/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/immunology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/immunology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
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19
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de las Fuentes L, Yang W, Dávila-Román VG, Gu CC. Pathway-based genome-wide association analysis of coronary heart disease identifies biologically important gene sets. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:1168-73. [PMID: 22510845 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies of complex diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD) challenge investigators attempting to identify relevant genetic variants among hundreds of thousands of markers being tested. A selection strategy based purely on statistical significance will result in many false negative findings after adjustment for multiple testing. Thus, an integrated analysis using information from the learned genetic pathways, molecular functions, and biological processes is desirable. In this study, we applied a customized method, variable set enrichment analysis (VSEA), to the Framingham Heart Study data (404,467 variants, n=6421) to evaluate enrichment of genetic association in 1395 gene sets for their contribution to CHD. We identified 25 gene sets with nominal P<0.01; at least four sets are previously known for their roles in CHD: vascular genesis (GO:0001570), fatty-acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633), fatty-acid metabolic process (GO:0006631), and glycerolipid metabolic process (GO:0046486). Although the four gene sets include 170 genes, only three of the genes contain a variant ranked among the top 100 in single-variant association tests of the 404,467 variants tested. Significant enrichment for novel gene sets less known for their importance to CHD were also identified: Rac 1 cell-motility signaling pathway (h_rac1 Pathway, P<0.001) and sulfur amino-acid metabolic process (GO:0000096, P<0.001). In summary, we showed that the pathway-based VSEA can help prioritize association signals in GWA studies by identifying biologically plausible targets for downstream searches of genetic variants associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Hartiala J, Gilliam E, Vikman S, Campos H, Allayee H. Association of PLA2G4A with myocardial infarction is modulated by dietary PUFAs. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:959-65. [PMID: 22378731 PMCID: PMC3302367 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.032094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes are proinflammatory molecules derived from dietary PUFAs and have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We previously reported that an A→G variant (rs12746200) of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IVA gene (PLA2G4A), which encodes the enzyme that liberates PUFAs from cellular membranes for leukotriene synthesis, decreases the risk of CVD. OBJECTIVE We sought to replicate these initial observations with a more clinically relevant phenotype, such as myocardial infarction (MI), and to determine whether dietary PUFAs mediate this association. DESIGN In a Costa Rican case-control data set (n = 3971), rs12746200 was genotyped and was tested for an association with MI. Functional experiments were carried out to determine whether rs12746200 led to differences in mRNA expression. RESULTS Risk of MI was significantly lower in AG/GG subjects than in AA homozygotes (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99; P = 0.040). The reduced risk of MI was observed primarily in AG/GG subjects who were above the median for intake of dietary omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; P-interaction = 0.005). A similar analysis with dietary omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs did not show a statistically significant nutrigenetic association (P-interaction = 0.23). Functional analysis in human aortic endothelial cells showed that the carriers of the G allele had significantly lower PLA2G4A gene expression (P = 0.014), consistent with the atheroprotective association of this variant. CONCLUSION These results replicate the association of rs12746200 with CVD phenotypes and provide evidence that the protective association of this functional PLA2G4A variant is mediated by dietary PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Kim DH, Ahn WY, Kim DK, Choe BK, Kim SK, Jo DJ, Kim JY, Chung JH, Jeong YS, Yun DH, Yoo SD, Kim HS, Baik HH. A Promoter polymorphism (rs17222919, -1316T/G) of ALOX5AP is associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in Korean population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2011; 85:115-20. [PMID: 21816595 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of eicosanoid biosynthesis genes are associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS), seven SNPs in the coding or promoter regions were selected: ALOX12 (rs434473, Asn322Ser), ALOX5 (rs2228064, Thr90Thr), ALOX5AP (rs17222919, -1316T/G), PTGES (rs7872802, -404A/G), PTGIS (rs5628, Leu256Leu), PTGS1 (rs3842788, Gln41Gln) and PTGS2 (rs5275, 3'UTR). A total of 398 control subjects and 196 stroke patients (79 ICH and 117 IS) were genotyped by direct sequencing. The rs17222919 SNP was associated with ICH in codominant 1 (P=0.008), dominant (P=0.003) and log-additive (P=0.004) models. Allele frequencies of rs17222919 were different between ICH and controls (P=0.007). However, the seven tested SNPs were not associated with clinical phenotypes (NIHSS, MBI and CRPS) in ICH and IS. These results suggest that the promoter SNP rs17222919 of ALOX5AP may be associated with the development of ICH in Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Luo P, Wang MH. Eicosanoids, β-cell function, and diabetes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 95:1-10. [PMID: 21757024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes into eicosanoids, which are involved in diverse diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. During the last 30 years, evidence has been accumulated that suggests important functions for eicosanoids in the control of pancreatic β-cell function and destruction. AA metabolites of the COX pathway, especially prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), appear to be significant factors to β-cell dysfunction and destruction, participating in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Several elegant studies have contributed to the sorting out of the importance of 12-LOX eicosanoids in cytokine-mediated inflammation in pancreatic β cells. The role of CYP eicosanoids in diabetes is yet to be explored. A recent publication has demonstrated that stabilizing the levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), CYP eicosanoids, by inhibiting or deleting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) improves β-cell function and reduces β-cell apoptosis in diabetes. In this review we summarize recent findings implicating these eicosanoid pathways in diabetes and its complications. We also discuss the development of animal models with targeted gene deletion and specific enzymatic inhibitors in each pathway to identify potential targets for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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23
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Hartiala J, Li D, Conti DV, Vikman S, Patel Y, Wilson Tang WH, Brennan ML, Newman JW, Stephensen CB, Armstrong P, Hazen SL, Allayee H. Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease. Hum Genet 2011; 129:617-27. [PMID: 21293878 PMCID: PMC3092945 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the genetic contribution of the leukotriene (LT) pathway to risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 4,512 Caucasian and African American subjects ascertained through elective cardiac evaluation. Of the three previously associated variants, the shorter "3" and "4" alleles of a promoter repeat polymorphism in ALOX5 increased risk of CAD in African Americans (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9; p = 0.04), whereas a haplotype of LTA4H (HapK) was associated with CAD in Caucasians (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.4; p = 0.03). In Caucasians, first-stage analysis of 254 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 15 LT pathway genes with follow-up of 19 variants in stage 2 revealed an LTA4H SNP (rs2540477) that increased risk of CAD (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.5; p = 0.003) and a PLA2G4A SNP (rs12746200) that decreased risk of CAD (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9; p = 0.0007). The PLA2G4A rs12746200 variant also decreased risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (MACE = myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) over 3 years of follow-up (HR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p = 0.01), consistent with its cardioprotective effect. Functional experiments demonstrated that stimulated monocytes from carriers of LTA4H variants HapK or rs2540477 had 50% (p = 0.002) and 33% (p = 0.03) higher LTB(4) production, respectively, compared to non-carriers. These ex vivo results are consistent with LTB(4) being the direct product of the reaction catalyzed by LTA4H and its role in promoting monocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation, including the artery wall of atherosclerotic lesions. Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that functional genetic variation of the LT pathway can mediate atherogenic processes and the risk of CAD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 206, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Dalin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Susanna Vikman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 206, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Yesha Patel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 206, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Marie-Louise Brennan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - John W. Newman
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Patrice Armstrong
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 206, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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Bowden DW, Cox AJ, Freedman BI, Hugenschimdt CE, Wagenknecht LE, Herrington D, Agarwal S, Register TC, Maldjian JA, Ng MCY, Hsu FC, Langefeld CD, Williamson JD, Carr JJ. Review of the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) family of studies: a comprehensively examined sample for genetic and epidemiological studies of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Rev Diabet Stud 2010; 7:188-201. [PMID: 21409311 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2010.7.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) is a genetic and epidemiological study of 1,443 European American and African American participants from 564 families with multiple cases of type 2 diabetes. Initially, participants were comprehensively examined for measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) including computed tomography measurement of vascular calcified plaque, ultrasound imaging of carotid artery wall thickness, and electrocardiographic intervals. Subsequent studies have investigated the relationship between bone mineral density and vascular calcification, measures of adiposity, and biomarkers. Ongoing studies are carrying out an extensive evaluation of cerebrovascular disease using magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment. A second, parallel study, the African American DHS, has expanded the sample of African Americans to investigate marked racial differences in subclinical CVD between European Americans and African Americans. Studies in development will evaluate the impact of social stress during the lifecourse on CVD risk, and the prevalence of gastroparesis in this diabetes enriched sample. In addition, the ongoing high mortality rate in DHS participants provides novel insights into the increased risks for type 2 diabetes affected individuals. A comprehensive genetic analysis of the sample is underway using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Data from this GWAS survey will complement prior family-based linkage data in the analysis of genetic contributors to the wide range of traits in the sample. To our knowledge the DHS family of studies has created the most comprehensively examined sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes yet available, and represents a unique resource for the study people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a collective overview of the major results from the DHS family of studies, and relate them to the larger body of biomedical investigations of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Dobrian AD, Lieb DC, Cole BK, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Chakrabarti SK, Nadler JL. Functional and pathological roles of the 12- and 15-lipoxygenases. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 50:115-31. [PMID: 20970452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The 12/15-lipoxygenase enzymes react with fatty acids producing active lipid metabolites that are involved in a number of significant disease states. The latter include type 1 and type 2 diabetes (and associated complications), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal disease, and the neurological conditions Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. A number of elegant studies over the last thirty years have contributed to unraveling the role that lipoxygenases play in chronic inflammation. The development of animal models with targeted gene deletions has led to a better understanding of the role that lipoxygenases play in various conditions. Selective inhibitors of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are an active area of investigation, and will be both an important research tool and a promising therapeutic target for treating a wide spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Dobrian
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Physiological Sciences, Lewis Hall, Room 2027, 700 W. Olney Road, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States.
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