1
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Ahlstedt BA, Ganji R, Mukkavalli S, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Raman M. UBXN1 maintains ER proteostasis and represses UPR activation by modulating translation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:672-703. [PMID: 38177917 PMCID: PMC10897191 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ER protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for proper folding and maturation of proteins in the secretory pathway. Loss of ER proteostasis can lead to the accumulation of misfolded or aberrant proteins in the ER and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). In this study, we find that the p97 adaptor UBXN1 is an important negative regulator of the UPR. Loss of UBXN1 sensitizes cells to ER stress and activates the UPR. This leads to widespread upregulation of the ER stress transcriptional program. Using comparative, quantitative proteomics we show that deletion of UBXN1 results in a significant enrichment of proteins involved in ER-quality control processes including those involved in protein folding and import. Notably, we find that loss of UBXN1 does not perturb p97-dependent ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Our studies indicate that loss of UBXN1 increases translation in both resting and ER-stressed cells. Surprisingly, this process is independent of p97 function. Taken together, our studies have identified a new role for UBXN1 in repressing translation and maintaining ER proteostasis in a p97 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Ahlstedt
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- ALPCA diagnostics, Salem, NH, USA
| | - Rakesh Ganji
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirisha Mukkavalli
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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You H, An G, Lee H, Lim W, Song G. Bifenox induces programmed cell death in bovine mammary epithelial cells by impairing calcium homeostasis, triggering ER stress, and altering the signaling cascades of PI3K/AKT and MAPK. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105626. [PMID: 37945260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenox (methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate), a nitrophenyl ether herbicide, was first introduced in the 1980s to control broadleaf weeds. As a result of its wide and frequent application in diverse agricultural settings and reports on residual traces, potential adverse effects of bifenox have been studied extensively in rat hepatocytes, bovine peripheral lymphocytes, and mice. Despite the reported risks of bifenox exposure in dairy cows, the toxicity of bifenox on bovine lactation system has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, we used bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells to study the toxic effects of bifenox on mammary glands. We found that bifenox inhibited MAC-T cells proliferation and disturbed the cell cycle, especially in the sub-G1 and G1 phases. Bifenox also disrupted the calcium homeostasis within the cell and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. We also examined phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades. The findings indicated hyperactivation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K), S6, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and c-Jun, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by bifenox treatment. In conclusion, based on our in vitro study employing MAC-T cells, we report that bifenox can induce damage to the bovine mammary glands, potentially impacting milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyoung You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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3
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A Survey of Naturally Occurring Molecules as New Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activators with Selective Anticancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010293. [PMID: 36612288 PMCID: PMC9818656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has witnessed the establishment of neoplastic disease as the second cause of death in the world. Nonetheless, the road toward desirable success rates of cancer treatments is still long and paved with uncertainty. This work aims to select natural products that act via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a known vulnerability of malignant cells, and display selective toxicity against cancer cell lines. Among an in-house chemical library, nontoxic molecules towards noncancer cells were assessed for toxicity towards cancer cells, namely the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS and the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Active molecules towards at least one of these cell lines were studied in a battery of ensuing assays to clarify the involvement of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cytotoxic effect. Several natural products are selectively cytotoxic against malignant cells, and the effect often relies on ER stress induction. Berberine was the most promising molecule, being active against both cell models by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis, inducing UPR target gene expression and ER-resident caspase-4 activation. Our results indicate that berberine and emodin are potential leads for the development of more potent ER stressors to be used as selective anticancer agents.
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Kumar H, Mazumder S, Sharma N, Chakravarti S, Long MD, Meurice N, Petit J, Liu S, Chesi M, Sanyal S, Stewart AK, Kumar S, Bergsagel L, Rajkumar SV, Baughn LB, Van Ness BG, Mitra AK. Single-Cell Proteomics and Tumor RNAseq Identify Novel Pathways Associated With Clofazimine Sensitivity in PI- and IMiD- Resistant Myeloma, and Putative Stem-Like Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:842200. [PMID: 35646666 PMCID: PMC9130773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.842200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with dose-limiting toxicities and inter-individual variation in response/resistance to the standard-of-care/primary drugs, proteasome inhibitors (PIs), and immunomodulatory derivatives (IMiDs). Although newer therapeutic options are potentially highly efficacious, their costs outweigh the effectiveness. Previously, we have established that clofazimine (CLF) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, synergizes with primary therapies, and targets cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. In this study, we used a panel of human myeloma cell lines as in vitro model systems representing drug-sensitive, innate/refractory, and clonally-derived acquired/relapsed PI- and cereblon (CRBN)-negative IMiD-resistant myeloma and bone marrow-derived CD138+ primary myeloma cells obtained from patients as ex vivo models to demonstrate that CLF shows significant cytotoxicity against drug-resistant myeloma as single-agent and in combination with PIs and IMiDs. Next, using genome-wide transcriptome analysis (RNA-sequencing), single-cell proteomics (CyTOF; Cytometry by time-of-flight), and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we identified novel pathways associated with CLF efficacy, including induction of ER stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, enhancement of downstream cascade of p65-NFkB-IRF4-Myc downregulation, and ROS-dependent apoptotic cell death in myeloma. Further, we also showed that CLF is effective in killing rare refractory subclones like side populations that have been referred to as myeloma stem-like cells. Since CLF is an FDA-approved drug and also on WHO's list of safe and effective essential medicines, it has strong potential to be rapidly re-purposed as a safe and cost-effective anti-myeloma drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kumar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Suman Mazumder
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sayak Chakravarti
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nathalie Meurice
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Joachim Petit
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marta Chesi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - A. Keith Stewart
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - S. Vincent Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Linda B. Baughn
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brian G. Van Ness
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Sharma M, Kumar V. Mosquito-larvicidal Binary (BinA/B) proteins for mosquito control programs —advancements, challenges, and possibilities. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100028. [PMID: 36003274 PMCID: PMC9387486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Binary (BinAB) toxin is primarily responsible for the larvicidal action of the WHO recognized mosquito-larvicidal bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus. BinAB is a single receptor-specific toxin, active against larvae of Culex and Anopheles, but not Aedes aegypti. The target receptor in Culex is Cqm1 protein, a GPI-anchored amylomaltase located apically in the lipid-rafts of the larval-midgut epithelium. Interaction of the toxin components with the receptor is critical for the larvicidal activity of the toxin. Evidences support the pore formation model for BinAB toxin internalization and the role of toxin-glycan interactions in the endoplasmic reticulum in mediating larval death. Targeted R&D efforts are required to maintain the sustainability and improve efficacy of the eco-friendly BinAB proteins for efficient mosquito control interventions.
The increasing global burden of mosquito-borne diseases require targeted, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approaches for effective vector control without endangering the non-target beneficial insect population. Biological interventions such as biopesticides, Wolbachia-mediated biological controls, or sterile insect techniques are used worldwide. Here we review Binary or BinAB toxin—the mosquito-larvicidal component of WHO-recognized Lysinibacillus sphaericus bacterium employed in mosquito control programs. Binary (BinAB) toxin is primarily responsible for the larvicidal effect of the bacterium. BinAB is a single-receptor-specific toxin and is effective against larvae of Culex and Anopheles, but not against Aedes aegypti. The receptor in Culex, the Cqm1 protein, has been extensively studied. It is a GPI-anchored amylomaltase and is located apically in the lipid rafts of the larval-midgut epithelium. The interaction of the toxin components with the receptor is crucial for the mosquito larvicidal activity of the BinAB toxin. Here we extend support for the pore formation model of BinAB toxin internalization and the role of toxin-glycan interactions in the endoplasmic reticulum in mediating larval death. BinAB is phylogenetically safe for humans, as Cqm1-like protein is not expected in the human proteome. This review aims to initiate targeted R&D efforts, such as applying fusion technologies (chimera of BinA, chemical modification of BinA), for efficient mosquito control interventions. In addition, the review also examines other areas such as bioremediation and cancer therapeutics, in which L. sphaericus is proving useful and showing potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
- Correspondence Author: Professor (Retired) Vinay Kumar, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
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6
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Chen YM, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in jejunal epithelial cells of weaned pigs. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:82-90. [PMID: 34763602 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211048622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection leads to diarrhea and subsequently to decreased feed efficiency and growth in weaned pigs. Given that few studies have addressed the host-virus interaction in vivo, this study focused on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in jejunal epithelial cells during PEDV infection. Eight-week-old pigs (n = 64) were orally inoculated with PEDV IN19338 strain (n = 40) or sham-inoculated (n = 24) and analyzed for PEDV viral RNA shedding using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and for viral antigen within enterocytes using immunohistochemistry (IHC). ER stress was analyzed in a subset of 9 PEDV-inoculated pigs with diarrhea, detectable viral RNA, and viral antigen (PEDV-immunopositive pigs). Compared with control pigs, PEDV-immunopositive pigs had a reduced ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P = .002, n = 9 per group), consistent with intestinal injury. The protein levels of ATF6, IRE1, PERK, XBP1u, ATF4, GRP78, and caspase-3 were assessed in jejunal epithelial cells at the villus tips via IHC. Both ER stress and UPR were demonstrated in PEDV-immunopositive pigs by the increased expression of ATF6 (P = .047), IRE1 (P = .007), and ATF4 (P = .001). The expression of GRP78 (P = .024) and caspase-3 (P = .004) were also increased, indicating an accompanying increase in ER protein folding capacity and apoptosis. Overall, these results reveal that PEDV infection induces ER stress and UPR in intestinal epithelial cells of weaned pigs.
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7
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Shiels A, Hejtmancik JF. Inherited cataracts: Genetic mechanisms and pathways new and old. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108662. [PMID: 34126080 PMCID: PMC8595562 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cataract(s) is the clinical equivalent of lens opacity and is caused by light scattering either by high molecular weight protein aggregates in lens cells or disruption of the lens microarchitecture itself. Genetic mutations underlying inherited cataract can provide insight into the biological processes and pathways critical for lens homeostasis and transparency, classically including the lens crystallins, connexins, membrane proteins or components, and intermediate filament proteins. More recently, cataract genes have been expanded to include newly identified biological processes such as chaperone or protein degradation components, transcription or growth factors, channels active in the lens circulation, and collagen and extracellular matrix components. Cataracts can be classified by age, and in general congenital cataracts are caused by severe mutations resulting in major damage to lens proteins, while age related cataracts are associated with variants that merely destabilize proteins thereby increasing susceptibility to environmental insults over time. Thus there might be separate pathways to opacity for congenital and age-related cataracts whereby congenital cataracts induce the unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis to destroy the lens microarchitecture, while in age related cataract high molecular weight (HMW) aggregates formed by denatured crystallins bound by α-crystallin result in light scattering without severe damage to the lens microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1860, USA.
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8
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Andraos C, Gulumian M. Intracellular and extracellular targets as mechanisms of cancer therapy by nanomaterials in relation to their physicochemical properties. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1680. [PMID: 33111484 PMCID: PMC7988657 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine has evolved in recent years and is only expected to increase due to the ease with which nanomaterials (NMs) may be manipulated to the advantage of the cancer patient. The success of nanomedicine is dependent on the cell death mechanism, which in turn is dependent on the organelle initially targeted. The success of cancer nanomedicine is also dependent on other cellular mechanisms such as the induction of autophagy dysfunction, manipulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and secretome or induction of host immune responses. Current cancer phototherapies for example, photothermal- or photodynamic therapies as well as radio enhancement also form a major part of cancer nanomedicine. In general, cancer nanomedicine may be grouped into those NMs exhibiting inherent anti-cancer properties that is, self-therapeutic NMs (Group 1), NMs leading to localization of phototherapies or radio-enhancement (Group 2), and NMs as nanocarriers in the absence or presence of external radiation (Group 3). The recent advances of these three groups, together with their advantages and disadvantages as well as their cellular mechanisms and ultimate outcomes are summarized in this review. By exploiting these different intracellular mechanisms involved in initiating cell death pathways, it is possible to synthesize NMs that may have the desirable characteristics to maximize their efficacy in cancer therapy. Therefore, a summary of these important physicochemical characteristics is also presented that need to be considered for optimal cancer cell targeting and initiation of mechanisms that will lead to cancerous cell death. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology DepartmentNational Institute for Occupational HealthJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Toxicology DepartmentNational Institute for Occupational HealthJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine DepartmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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9
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A mechanism of perhexiline's cytotoxicity in hepatic cells involves endoplasmic reticulum stress and p38 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 334:109353. [PMID: 33309543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perhexiline is a coronary vasodilator for angina treatment that was first developed in the 1960s. Perhexiline enjoyed worldwide success before reports of severe side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity, caused its withdrawal from most of the markets. The underlying mechanism of the cytotoxicity of perhexiline, however, is not yet well understood. Here we demonstrated that perhexiline induced cellular damage in primary human hepatocytes, HepaRG cells and HepG2 cells. Analysis of gene and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers showed that perhexiline caused ER stress in primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. The splicing of XBP1 mRNA, a hallmark of ER stress, was observed upon perhexiline treatment. Using Gluc-Fluc-HepG2 cell line, we demonstrated that protein secretion was impaired upon perhexiline treatment, suggesting functional deficits in ER. Inhibition of ER stress using ER inhibitor 4-PBA or salubrinal attenuated the cytotoxicity of perhexiline. Directly knocking down ATF4 using siRNA also partially rescued HepG2 cells upon perhexiline exposure. In addition, inhibition of ER stress using either inhibitors or siRNA transfection attenuated perhexiline-induced increase in caspase 3/7 activity, indicating that ER stress contributed to perhexiline-induced apoptosis. Moreover, perhexiline treatment resulted in activation of p38 and JNK signaling pathways, two branches of MAPK cascade. Pre-treating HepG2 cells with p38 inhibitor SB239063 attenuated perhexiline-induced apoptosis and cell death. The inhibitor also prevented the activation of CHOP and ATF4. Overall, our study demonstrated that ER stress is one important mechanism underlying the hepatotoxicity of perhexiline, and p38 signaling pathway contributes to this process. Our finding shed light on the role of both ER stress and p38 signaling pathway in drug-induced liver injury.
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Giallongo C, Tibullo D, Puglisi F, Barbato A, Vicario N, Cambria D, Parrinello NL, Romano A, Conticello C, Forte S, Parenti R, Amorini AM, Lazzarino G, Li Volti G, Palumbo GA, Di Raimondo F. Inhibition of TLR4 Signaling Affects Mitochondrial Fitness and Overcomes Bortezomib Resistance in Myeloma Plasma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12081999. [PMID: 32707760 PMCID: PMC7463509 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy requiring inflammatory microenvironment signals for cell survival and proliferation. Despite improvements in pharmacological tools, MM remains incurable mainly because of drug resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the implication of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as the potential mechanism of bortezomib (BTZ) resistance. We found that TLR4 activation induced mitochondrial biogenesis and increased mitochondrial mass in human MM cell lines. Moreover, TLR4 signaling was activated after BTZ exposure and was increased in BTZ-resistant U266 (U266-R) cells. A combination of BTZ with TAK-242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, overcame drug resistance through the generation of higher and extended oxidative stress, strong mitochondrial depolarization and severe impairment of mitochondrial fitness which in turn caused cell energy crisis and activated mitophagy and apoptosis. We further confirmed the efficacy of a TAK-242/BTZ combination in plasma cells from refractory myeloma patients. Consistently, inhibition of TLR4 increased BTZ-induced mitochondrial depolarization, restoring pharmacological response. Taken together, these findings indicate that TLR4 signaling acts as a stress-responsive mechanism protecting mitochondria during BTZ exposure, sustaining mitochondrial metabolism and promoting drug resistance. Inhibition of TLR4 could be therefore be a possible target in patients with refractory MM to overcome BTZ resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Fabrizio Puglisi
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Alessandro Barbato
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Daniela Cambria
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Nunziatina Laura Parrinello
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- Fondazione “Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo”, 95029 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (D.T.); (A.M.A.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.L.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.); (D.C.); (N.L.P.); (A.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.R.)
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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11
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Feng Q, Li X, Sun W, Sun M, Li Z, Sheng H, Xie F, Zhang S, Shan C. Targeting G6PD reverses paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer by suppressing GSTP1. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114092. [PMID: 32535103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide. Currently, paclitaxel is one of the most effective chemotherapies. However, resistance to paclitaxel is a major cause of therapy failure and the precise mechanism of paclitaxel resistance remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) promotes paclitaxel resistance. We showed that G6PD expression was higher in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells than in their paclitaxel-sensitive counterparts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that suppressing G6PD using shRNA, or an inhibitor, either as single agents or in combination, sensitized paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment and thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel. Interestingly, we found that the upregulation of G6PD in paclitaxel-resistant cells was due to the decreased expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), which targets the promoter of G6PD. We further identified that G6PD promotes paclitaxel resistance by regulating the expression of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which confers resistance to chemotherapy by detoxifying several anticancer drugs. Taken together, our results suggest that G6PD is a novel potential target to overcome paclitaxel resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiuru Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Changliang Shan
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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12
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Wilkaniec A, Cieślik M, Murawska E, Babiec L, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Pałasz E, Jęśko H, Adamczyk A. P2X7 Receptor is Involved in Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Extracellular Alpha Synuclein in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113959. [PMID: 32486485 PMCID: PMC7312811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) belongs to a family of trimeric ion channels that are gated by extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). Several studies have pointed to a role of P2X7R-dependent signalling in Parkinson's disease (PD)-related neurodegeneration. The pathology of (PD) is characterized by the formation of insoluble alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates—Lewy bodies, but the mechanisms underlying α-Syn-induced dopaminergic cell death are still partially unclear. Our previous studies indicate that extracellular α-Syn directly interact with neuronal P2X7R and induces intracellular free calcium mobilization in neuronal cells. The main objective of this study was to examine the involvement of P2X7R receptor in α-Syn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. We found that P2X7R stimulation is responsible for α-Syn-induced oxidative stress and activation of the molecular pathways of programmed cell death. Exogenous α-Syn treatment led to P2X7R-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as elevation of mitochondrial ROS production resulting in breakdown of cellular energy production. Moreover, P2X7R-dependent deregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase as well as decrease in parkin protein level could be responsible for α-Syn-induced mitophagy impairment and accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. P2X7R might be putative pharmacological targets in molecular mechanism of extracellular α-Syn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-608-66-00; Fax: +48-22-608-64-13
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Emilia Murawska
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw University, Miecznikowa 1 Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Ewelina Pałasz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.); (L.B.); (M.G.-D.); (E.P.); (H.J.); (A.A.)
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13
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Mitochondrial Functions, Energy Metabolism and Protein Glycosylation are Interconnected Processes Mediating Resistance to Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050696. [PMID: 32365811 PMCID: PMC7277183 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) has emerged as an effective drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma even though many patients relapse from BTZ therapy. The present study investigated the metabolic pathways underlying the acquisition of bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. We used two different clones of multiple myeloma cell lines exhibiting different sensitivities to BTZ (U266 and U266-R) and compared them in terms of metabolic profile, mitochondrial fitness and redox balance homeostasis capacity. Our results showed that the BTZ-resistant clone (U266-R) presented increased glycosylated UDP-derivatives when compared to BTZ-sensitive cells (U266), thus also suggesting higher activities of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), regulating not only protein O- and N-glycosylation but also mitochondrial functions. Notably, U266-R displayed increased mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics associated with stronger antioxidant defenses. Furthermore, U266-R maintained a significantly higher concentration of substrates for protein glycosylation when compared to U266, particularly for UDP-GlcNac, thus further suggesting the importance of glycosylation in the BTZ pharmacological response. Moreover, BTZ-treated U266-R showed significantly higher ATP/ADP ratios and levels of ECP and also exhibited increased mitochondrial fitness and antioxidant response. In conclusions, our findings suggest that the HBP may play a major role in mitochondrial fitness, driving BTZ resistance in multiple myeloma and thus representing a possible target for new drug development for BTZ-resistant patients.
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14
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Jeong PS, Yoon SB, Lee MH, Son HC, Lee HY, Lee S, Koo BS, Jeong KJ, Lee JH, Jin YB, Song BS, Kim JS, Kim SU, Koo DB, Sim BW. Embryo aggregation regulates in vitro stress conditions to promote developmental competence in pigs. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8143. [PMID: 31844571 PMCID: PMC6913270 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo aggregation is a useful method to produce blastocysts with high developmental competence to generate more offspring in various mammals, but the underlying mechanism(s) regarding the beneficial effects are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of embryo aggregation using 4-cell stage embryos in in vitro developmental competence and the relationship of stress conditions in porcine early embryogenesis. We conducted aggregation using the well of the well system and confirmed that aggregation using two or three embryos was useful for obtaining blastocysts. Aggregated embryos significantly improved developmental competence, including blastocyst formation rate, blastomere number, ICM/TE ratio, and cellular survival rate, compared to non-aggregated embryos. Investigation into the relationship between embryo aggregation and stress conditions revealed that mitochondrial function increased, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress decreased compared to 1X (non-aggregated embryos) blastocysts. In addition, 3X (three-embryo aggregated) blastocysts increased the expression of pluripotency, anti-apoptosis, and implantation related genes, and decreased expression of pro-apoptosis related genes. Therefore, these findings indicate that embryo aggregation regulates in vitro stress conditions to increase developmental competence and contributes to the in vitro production of high-quality embryos and the large-scale production of transgenic and chimeric pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Soo Jeong
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bin Yoon
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Primate Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Hyeong Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Primate Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chen F, Jin J, Hu J, Wang Y, Ma Z, Zhang J. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Cooperates in Silica Nanoparticles-Induced Macrophage Apoptosis via Activation of CHOP-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5846. [PMID: 31766455 PMCID: PMC6929173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have wide applications, they inevitably increase atmospheric particulate matter and human exposure to this nanomaterial. Numerous studies have focused on how to disclose SiNP toxicity and on understanding its toxic mechanisms. However, there are few studies in the literature reporting the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and SiNP exposure, and the corresponding detailed mechanisms have not been clearly determined. In this study, CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that SiNPs gradually decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Western blot analysis showed that SiNPs significantly activated ER stress by upregulating GRP78, CHOP, and ERO1α expression. Meanwhile, western blot analysis also showed that SiNPs activated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway by upregulating BAD and Caspase-3, and downregulating the BCL-2/BAX ratio. Moreover, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, significantly decreased GRP78, CHOP, and ERO1α expression, and inhibited cell apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, overexpression of CHOP significantly enhanced cell apoptosis, while knockdown of CHOP significantly protected RAW 264.7 macrophage cells from apoptosis induced by SiNPs. We found that the CHOP-ERO1α-caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway was activated by upregulating the downstream target protein ERO1α and caspase-dependent mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway by upregulating Caspase-3 and downregulating the ratio of BCL-2/BAX. In summary, ER stress participated in cell apoptosis induced by SiNPs and CHOP regulated SiNP-induced cell apoptosis, at least partly, via activation of the CHOP-ERO1α-caspase apoptotic signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; (J.J.); (J.H.); (Y.W.); (Z.M.); (J.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Abstract
Cataract, the clinical correlate of opacity or light scattering in the eye lens, is usually caused by the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) protein aggregates or disruption of the lens microarchitecture. In general, genes involved in inherited cataracts reflect important processes and pathways in the lens including lens crystallins, connexins, growth factors, membrane proteins, intermediate filament proteins, and chaperones. Usually, mutations causing severe damage to proteins cause congenital cataracts, while milder variants increasing susceptibility to environmental insults are associated with age-related cataracts. These may have different pathogenic mechanisms: Congenital cataracts induce the unfolded protein response and apoptosis. By contrast, denatured crystallins in age-related cataracts are bound by α-crystallin and form light-scattering HMW aggregates. New therapeutic approaches to age-related cataracts use chemical chaperones to solubilize HMW aggregates, while attempts are being made to regenerate lenses using endogenous stem cells to treat congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1860, USA;
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17
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Wang X, Peng P, Pan Z, Fang Z, Lu W, Liu X. Psoralen inhibits malignant proliferation and induces apoptosis through triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in human SMMC7721 hepatoma cells. Biol Res 2019; 52:34. [PMID: 31277690 PMCID: PMC6612100 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoralen is a coumarin-like and coumarin-related benzofuran glycoside, which is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine to treat patients with kidney and spleen-yang deficiency symptom. Psoralen has been reported to show estrogen-like activity, antioxidant activity, osteoblastic proliferation accelerating activity, antitumor effects and antibacterial activity. However, the antitumor mechanism of psoralen is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of psoralen in human hepatoma cell line SMMC7721 and the mechanism of antitumor effects. RESULTS Psoralen inhibited proliferation of SMMC7721 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and promoted apoptosis. Further, psoralen activated the ER stress signal pathway, including the expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, increasing the mRNA levels of GRP78, DDIT3, ATF4, XBP1, GADD34 and the protein levels of GDF15, GRP78, IRE1α, XBP-1s in a time-dependent manner. Psoralen induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase by enhancing CyclinD1 and reducing CyclinE1 expression. Moreover, TUDC couldn't inhibit the psoralen-induced ER stress in SMMC7721 cells. CONCLUSIONS Psoralen can inhibit the proliferation of SMMC7721 cells and induce ER stress response to induce cell apoptosis, suggesting that psoralen may represent a novel therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Basic Medical School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peike Peng
- Basic Medical School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Basic Medical School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhaoqin Fang
- Basic Medical School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Basic Medical School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Basic Medical School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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18
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Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Apoptosis by Silkworm Storage Protein 1. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Szebeni GJ, Balázs Á, Madarász I, Pócz G, Ayaydin F, Kanizsai I, Fajka-Boja R, Alföldi R, Hackler L, Puskás LG. Achiral Mannich-Base Curcumin Analogs Induce Unfolded Protein Response and Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization in PANC-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102105. [PMID: 28991167 PMCID: PMC5666787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achiral Mannich-type curcumin analogs have been synthetized and assayed for their cytotoxic activity. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of curcuminoids has been tested on human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (A549), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). Based on the highest anti-proliferative activity nine drug candidates were further tested and proved to cause phosphatidylserine exposure as an early sign of apoptosis. Curcumin analogs with the highest apoptotic activity were selected for mechanistic studies in the most sensitive PANC-1 cells. Cytotoxic activity was accompanied by cytostatic effect since curcumin and analogs treatment led to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, cytotoxic effect could be also detected via the accumulation of curcuminoids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the up-regulation of ER stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR) genes: HSPA5, ATF4, XBP1, and DDIT3. The activated UPR induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 activation and subsequent DNA breakdown in PANC-1 cells. Achiral curcumin analogs, C509, C521 and C524 possessed superior, 40-times more potent cytotoxic activity compared to natural dihydroxy-dimetoxycurcumin in PANC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J Szebeni
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Balázs
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Gábor Pócz
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Iván Kanizsai
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Roberta Fajka-Boja
- Artificial Chromosome and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Alföldi
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Hackler
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László G Puskás
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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20
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Halliday M, Hughes D, Mallucci GR. Fine-tuning PERK signaling for neuroprotection. J Neurochem 2017; 142:812-826. [PMID: 28643372 PMCID: PMC5601187 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein translation and folding are tightly controlled processes in all cells, by proteostasis, an important component of which is the unfolded protein response (UPR). During periods of endoplasmic reticulum stress because of protein misfolding, the UPR activates a coordinated response in which the PERK branch activation restricts translation, while a variety of genes involved with protein folding, degradation, chaperone expression and stress responses are induced through signaling of the other branches. Chronic overactivation of the UPR, particularly the PERK branch, is observed in the brains of patients in a number of protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases and the tauopathies. Recently, numerous genetic and pharmacological studies in mice have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibiting the UPR for eliciting therapeutic benefit and boosting memory. In particular, fine-tuning the level of PERK inhibition to provide neuroprotection without adverse side effects has emerged as a safe, effective approach. This includes the recent discovery of licensed drugs that can now be repurposed in clinical trials for new human treatments for dementia. This review provides an overview of the links between UPR overactivation and neurodegeneration in protein misfolding disorders. It discusses recent therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway, with a focus on treatments that fine-tune PERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- MRC Toxicology UnitLeicesterUK
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of CambridgeIsland Research BuildingCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
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21
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Kennedy D, Mnich K, Oommen D, Chakravarthy R, Almeida-Souza L, Krols M, Saveljeva S, Doyle K, Gupta S, Timmerman V, Janssens S, Gorman AM, Samali A. HSPB1 facilitates ERK-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of BIM to attenuate endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3026. [PMID: 29048431 PMCID: PMC5596589 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BIM, a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, is a key regulator of the intrinsic (or mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway. Here, we show that BIM induction by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is suppressed in rat PC12 cells overexpressing heat shock protein B1 (HSPB1 or HSP27) and that this is due to enhanced proteasomal degradation of BIM. HSPB1 and BIM form a complex that immunoprecipitates with p-ERK1/2. We found that HSPB1-mediated proteasomal degradation of BIM is dependent on MEK-ERK signaling. Other studies have shown that several missense mutations in HSPB1 cause the peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, which is associated with nerve degeneration. Here we show that cells overexpressing CMT-related HSPB1 mutants exhibited increased susceptibility to ER stress-induced cell death and high levels of BIM. These findings identify a novel function for HSPB1 as a negative regulator of BIM protein stability leading to protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis, a function that is absent in CMT-associated HSPB1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Kennedy
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Mnich
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deepu Oommen
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Reka Chakravarthy
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Leonardo Almeida-Souza
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Michiel Krols
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Svetlana Saveljeva
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen Doyle
- Discipline of Physiology, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Unit Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Centre, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Shiels A, Hejtmancik JF. Mutations and mechanisms in congenital and age-related cataracts. Exp Eye Res 2017; 156:95-102. [PMID: 27334249 PMCID: PMC5538314 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline lens plays an important role in the refractive vision of vertebrates by facilitating variable fine focusing of light onto the retina. Loss of lens transparency, or cataract, is a frequently acquired cause of visual impairment in adults and may also present during childhood. Genetic studies have identified mutations in over 30 causative genes for congenital or other early-onset forms of cataract as well as several gene variants associated with age-related cataract. However, the pathogenic mechanisms resulting from genetic determinants of cataract are only just beginning to be understood. Here, we briefly summarize current concepts pointing to differences in the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital and age-related forms of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1860, USA.
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23
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. PERM Hypothesis: The Fundamental Machinery Able to Elucidate the Role of Xenobiotics and Hormesis in Cell Survival and Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010165. [PMID: 28098843 PMCID: PMC5297798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article the Proteasome, Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria (PERM) hypothesis is discussed. The complex machinery made by three homeostatic mechanisms involving the proteasome (P), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (M) is addressed in order to elucidate the beneficial role of many xenobiotics, either trace metals or phytochemicals, which are spread in the human environment and in dietary habits, exerting their actions on the mechanisms underlying cell survival (apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and turnover, autophagy) and stress response. The "PERM hypothesis" suggests that xenobiotics can modulate this central signaling and the regulatory engine made fundamentally by the ER, mitochondria and proteasome, together with other ancillary components such as peroxisomes, by acting on the energetic balance, redox system and macromolecule turnover. In this context, reactive species and stressors are fundamentally signalling molecules that could act as negative-modulating signals if PERM-mediated control is offline, impaired or dysregulated, as occurs in metabolic syndrome, degenerative disorders, chronic inflammation and cancer. Calcium is an important oscillatory input of this regulation and, in this hypothesis, it might play a role in maintaining the correct rhythm of this PERM modulation, probably chaotic in its nature, and guiding cells to a more drastic decision, such as apoptosis. The commonest effort sustained by cells is to maintain their survival balance and the proterome has the fundamental task of supporting this mechanism. Mild stress is probably the main stimulus in this sense. Hormesis is therefore re-interpreted in the light of this hypothetical model and that experimental evidence arising from flavonoid and hormesis reasearch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana 8610, Norway.
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24
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Xie Y, He Y, Cai Z, Cai J, Xi M, Zhang Y, Xi J. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress, blocks mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and suppresses reperfusion injury through GSK-3ß in cardiac H9c2 cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4586-4597. [PMID: 27904664 PMCID: PMC5126306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates whether inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress prevents opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and evaluates the corresponding signaling pathways involved in this process. Exposure of cardiac H9c2 cells to 800 µM H2O2 for 20 min opened mPTP in response to oxidative stress, as demonstrated by quenching of tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) fluorescence. Oxidative stress-induced mPTP opening was rescued by the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in a dose-dependent manner at low concentrations. The PI3K and PKG inhibitors LY294002 and KT5823 inhibited the effect of TUDCA on mPTP opening, suggesting the involvement of PI3K/Akt and PKG signaling pathways. TUDCA significantly increased glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3β) phosphorylation at Ser-9, with peak effect at 30 µM TUDCA. The level of GRP78 (ER chaperone) expression was significantly upregulated by 30 µM TUDCA. TUDCA-induced increases in Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation were inhibited by LY294002, whereas KT5823 suppressed TUDCA-induced increases in VASP and GSK-3β phosphorylation. Oxidative stress severely affected cell morphology and ultrastructure. TUDCA prevented H2O2-induced ER swelling and mitochondrial damage. TUDCA boosted the viability of cells disrupted by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), indicating that TUDCA eased reperfusion injury. However, TUDCA did not improve the viability of cells expressing the constitutively active GSK-3β mutant (GSK-3β-S9A-HA) that were subjected to I/R, suggesting an essential role of GSK-3β inactivation in TUDCA-mediated cardioprotection against reperfusion damage. These data indicate that ER stress inhibition prevents mPTP opening and attenuates reperfusion injury through GSK-3β inactivation. The PI3K/Akt and PKG pathways may mediate GSK-3β inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Xie
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshan 063000, China
| | - Yonggui He
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshan 063000, China
| | - Zhiliang Cai
- North China University of Science and Technology Heart InstituteTangshan 063000, China
| | - Jianhang Cai
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated HospitalTangshan 063000, China
| | - Mengyao Xi
- North China University of Science and Technology Heart InstituteTangshan 063000, China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- North China University of Science and Technology Heart InstituteTangshan 063000, China
| | - Jinkun Xi
- North China University of Science and Technology Heart InstituteTangshan 063000, China
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25
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Paulus A, Akhtar S, Caulfield TR, Samuel K, Yousaf H, Bashir Y, Paulus SM, Tran D, Hudec R, Cogen D, Jiang J, Edenfield B, Novak A, Ansell SM, Witzig T, Martin P, Coleman M, Roy V, Ailawadhi S, Chitta K, Linder S, Chanan-Khan A. Coinhibition of the deubiquitinating enzymes, USP14 and UCHL5, with VLX1570 is lethal to ibrutinib- or bortezomib-resistant Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia tumor cells. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e492. [PMID: 27813535 PMCID: PMC5148058 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) tumor cells hinges on aberrant B-cell receptor (BCR) and MYD88 signaling. WM cells upregulate the proteasome function to sustain the BCR-driven growth while maintaining homeostasis. Clinically, two treatment strategies are used to disrupt these complementary yet mutually exclusive WM survival pathways via ibrutinib (targets BTK/MYD88 node) and bortezomib (targets 20 S proteasome). Despite the success of both agents, WM patients eventually become refractory to treatment, highlighting the adaptive plasticity of WM cells and underscoring the need for development of new therapeutics. Here we provide a comprehensive preclinical report on the anti-WM activity of VLX1570, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 (UCHL5). Both DUBs reside in the 19 S proteasome cap and their inhibition by VLX1570 results in rapid and tumor-specific apoptosis in bortezomib- or ibrutinib-resistant WM cells. Notably, treatment of WM cells with VLX1570 downregulated BCR-associated elements BTK, MYD88, NFATC, NF-κB and CXCR4, the latter whose dysregulated function is linked to ibrutinib resistance. VLX1570 administered to WM-xenografted mice resulted in decreased tumor burden and prolonged survival (P=0.0008) compared with vehicle-treated mice. Overall, our report demonstrates significant value in targeting USP14/UCHL5 with VLX1570 in drug-resistant WM and carries a high potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paulus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - S Akhtar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - T R Caulfield
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - K Samuel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - H Yousaf
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Y Bashir
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - S M Paulus
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - D Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - R Hudec
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - D Cogen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - B Edenfield
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - A Novak
- Department of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S M Ansell
- Department of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T Witzig
- Department of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P Martin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell, NY, USA
| | - M Coleman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell, NY, USA
| | - V Roy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - S Ailawadhi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - K Chitta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - S Linder
- Institute for Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Chanan-Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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26
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Avagliano C, Russo R, De Caro C, Cristiano C, La Rana G, Piegari G, Paciello O, Citraro R, Russo E, De Sarro G, Meli R, Mattace Raso G, Calignano A. Palmitoylethanolamide protects mice against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum stress: In vivo and in vitro evidence. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:276-289. [PMID: 27616549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several pathogenetic factors have been involved in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), including inflammation, oxidative stress, unfolded protein accumulation, and apoptosis. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous N-acylethanolamine, has been shown to be a neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory molecule, acting as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist. In this study we investigated the effects of PEA on behavioral alterations and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced model of PD in male mice. Additionally, we showed the involvement of PPAR-α in PEA protective effect on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma against 6-OHDA damage. Here, we report that PEA (3-30mg/kg/days.c.) improved behavioral impairments induced by unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression at striatal level, indicating PEA preserving effect on dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, we found a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes, i.e. inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, a modulation between pro- and anti-apoptotic markers, suggestive of PEA capability in controlling neuroinflammation and cell death. Interestingly, PEA also showed protective scavenging effect, through superoxide dismutase induction, and dampened unfolding protein response, interfering on glucose-regulated protein 78 expression and PERK-eIF2α pathway. Similar data were found in in vitro studies, where PEA treatment was found to rescue SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from 6-OHDA-induced damage and death, partly by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress detrimental response. Therefore, PEA, counteracting the pathogenetic aspects involved in the development of PD, showed its therapeutic potential, possibly integrating current treatments correcting dopaminergic deficits and motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples "Federico II", 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
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27
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Ma Z, Yao W, Chan CC, Kannabiran C, Wawrousek E, Hejtmancik JF. Human βA3/A1-crystallin splicing mutation causes cataracts by activating the unfolded protein response and inducing apoptosis in differentiating lens fiber cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1214-27. [PMID: 26851658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
βγ-Crystallins, having a uniquely stable two domain four Greek key structure, are crucial for transparency of the eye lens,. Mutations in lens crystallins have been proposed to cause cataract formation by a variety of mechanisms most of which involve destabilization of the protein fold. The underlying molecular mechanism for autosomal dominant zonular cataracts with sutural opacities in an Indian family caused by a c.215+1G>A splice mutation in the βA3/A1-crystallin gene CRYBA1 was elucidated using three transgenic mice models. This mutation causes a splice defect in which the mutant mRNA escapes nonsense mediated decay by skipping both exons 3 and 4. Skipping these exons results in an in-frame deletion of the mRNA and synthesis of an unstable p.Ile33_Ala119del mutant βA3/A1-crystallin protein. Transgenic expression of mutant βA3/A1-crystallin but not the wild type protein results in toxicity and abnormalities in the maturation and orientation of differentiating lens fibers in c.97_357del CRYBA1 transgenic mice, leading to a small spherical lens, cataract, and often lens capsule rupture. On a cellular level, the lenses accumulated p.Ile33_Ala119del βA3/A1-crystallin with resultant activation of the stress signaling pathway - unfolded protein response (UPR) and inhibition of normal protein synthesis, culminating in apoptosis. This highlights the mechanistic contrast between mild mutations that destabilize crystallins and other proteins, resulting in their being bound by the α-crystallins that buffer lens cells against damage by denatured proteins, and severely misfolded proteins that are not bound by α-crystallin but accumulate and have a direct toxic effect on lens cells, resulting in early onset cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenliang Yao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medimmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Chitra Kannabiran
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric Wawrousek
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, NIH, USA
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Zhang B, Han H, Fu S, Yang P, Gu Z, Zhou Q, Cao Z. Dehydroeffusol inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity by selectively inducing tumor-suppressive endoplasmic reticulum stress and a moderate apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:8-18. [PMID: 26774454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is ranked as the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Although extensive efforts have been made in recent decades to treat gastric cancer with various anticancer drugs, effective anti-gastric cancer therapeutics to cure the disease are still lacking in the clinics. Therefore, potent novel anti-gastric cancer drugs are greatly needed. In this study, we explored a novel anti-gastric cancer agent from a medicinal herb named Juncus effusus and found that the active component dehydroeffusol (DHE), a small molecular phenanthrene, effectively inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inducing tumor suppressive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and by triggering moderate apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that DHE selectively activated the intracellular tumor suppressive stress response by promoting the overexpression of the key ER stress marker DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), through upregulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Concurrently, DHE suppressed the expression of the cell survival and ER stress marker glucose regulated protein of molecular mass 78 (GRP78) via downregulation of the transcription factor ATF6. In addition, DHE markedly activated the stress response signaling pathway MEKK4-MKK3/6-p38-DDIT3, but significantly inhibited ERK signaling. Our data suggest that DHE inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and tumorigenicity through selectively inducing a robust tumor suppressive ER stress response and a moderate apoptosis response. Therefore, DHE may provide a novel drug candidate for further development of potential anti-gastric cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Hongyan Han
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Shilong Fu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Zhenlun Gu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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29
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Arima Y, Shiraishi H, Saito A, Yoshimoto K, Namera A, Makita R, Murata K, Imaizumi K, Nagao M. The sarin-like organophosphorus agent bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate induces ER stress in human astrocytoma cells. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:617-25. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Arima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hiroaki Shiraishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kanji Yoshimoto
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hiroshima Institute of Technology
| | - Akira Namera
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Ryosuke Makita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University
| | - Kazuhiro Murata
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masataka Nagao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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30
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Nakka VP, Prakash-Babu P, Vemuganti R. Crosstalk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Autophagy: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Acute CNS Injuries. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:532-544. [PMID: 25482050 PMCID: PMC4461562 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a variety of neuronal cell death pathways that play a critical role in the pathophysiology of stroke. ER stress occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate and the folding capacity of ER chaperones exceeds the capacity of ER lumen to facilitate their disposal. As a consequence, a complex set of signaling pathways will be induced that transmit from ER to cytosol and nucleus to compensate damage and to restore the normal cellular homeostasis, collectively known as unfolded protein response (UPR). However, failure of UPR due to severe or prolonged stress leads to cell death. Following acute CNS injuries, chronic disturbances in protein folding and oxidative stress prolong ER stress leading to sustained ER dysfunction and neuronal cell death. While ER stress responses have been well studied after stroke, there is an emerging need to study the association of ER stress with other cell pathways that exacerbate neuronal death after an injury. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role for ER stress in acute brain injuries, highlighting the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with ER stress and its relation to oxidative stress and autophagy. We also discussed the existing and developing therapeutic options aimed to reduce ER stress to protect the CNS after acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash-Babu
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Gupta A, Hossain MM, Read DE, Hetz C, Samali A, Gupta S. PERK regulated miR-424(322)-503 cluster fine-tunes activation of IRE1 and ATF6 during Unfolded Protein Response. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18304. [PMID: 26674075 PMCID: PMC4682135 DOI: 10.1038/srep18304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to changes in intracellular homeostasis through activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can facilitate the restoration of cellular homeostasis, via the concerted activation of three ER stress sensors, namely IRE1, PERK and ATF6. Global approaches in several cellular contexts have revealed that UPR regulates the expression of many miRNAs that play an important role in the regulation of life and death decisions during UPR. Here we show that expression of miR-424(322)-503 cluster is downregulated during UPR. IRE1 inhibitor (4 μ8C) and deficiency of XBP1 had no effect on downregulation of miR-424(322)-503 during UPR. Treatment of cells with CCT030312, a selective activator of EIF2AK3/PERK signalling, leads to the downregulation of miR-424(322)-503 expression. The repression of miR-424(322)-503 cluster during conditions of ER stress is compromised in PERK-deficient MEFs. miR-424 regulates the expression of ATF6 via a miR-424 binding site in its 3′ UTR and attenuates the ATF6 transcriptional activity during UPR. Further miR-424 had no effect on IRE1-XBP1 axis but enhanced the regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Our results suggest that miR-424 constitutes an obligatory fine-tuning mechanism where PERK-mediated downregulation of miR-424(322)-503 cluster regulates optimal activation of IRE1 and ATF6 during conditions of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, School of medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Mosaraf Hossain
- Discipline of Pathology, School of medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Danielle E Read
- Discipline of Pathology, School of medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, School of medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.,Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
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Kudelko M, Chan CWL, Sharma R, Yao Q, Lau E, Chu IK, Cheah KSE, Tanner JA, Chan D. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Survival Mechanisms Developed by Hypertrophic Chondrocytes under ER Stress. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:86-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
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Bhootada Y, Choudhury S, Gully C, Gorbatyuk M. Targeting Caspase-12 to Preserve Vision in Mice With Inherited Retinal Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015. [PMID: 26207309 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The unfolded protein response is known to contribute to the inherited retinal pathology observed in T17M rhodopsin (T17M) mice. Recently it has been demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated caspase-12 is activated during progression of retinal degeneration in different animal models. Therefore, we wanted to explore the role of caspase-12 in the mechanism of retinopathy in T17M mice and determine if inhibiting apoptosis in this way is a viable approach for halting retinal degeneration. METHODS One, two-, and three-month-old C57BL6/J, caspase-12-/-, T17M, and T17M caspase-12-/- mice were analyzed by scotopic ERG, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), histology, quantitative (q)RT-PCR, and Western blot of retinal RNA and protein extracts. Calpain and caspase-3/7 activity assays were measured in postnatal (P) day 30 retinal extracts. RESULTS Caspase-12 ablation significantly prevented a decline in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes in T17M mice during three months, increasing the amplitudes from 232% to 212% and from 160% to 138%, respectively, as compared to T17M retinas. The SD-OCT results and photoreceptor row counts demonstrated preservation of retinal structural integrity and postponed photoreceptor cell death. The delay in photoreceptor cell death was due to significant decreases in the activity of caspase-3/7 and calpain, which correlated with an increase in calpastatin expression. CONCLUSIONS We validated caspase-12 as a therapeutic target, ablation of which significantly protects T17M photoreceptors from deterioration. Although the inhibition of apoptotic activity alone was not sufficient to rescue T17M photoreceptors, in combination with other nonapoptotic targets, caspase-12 could be used to treat inherited retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bhootada
- Department of Vision Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Shreyasi Choudhury
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, North Texas Eye Research Institute, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Clark Gully
- Department of Vision Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- Department of Vision Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Deegan S, Saveljeva S, Logue SE, Pakos-Zebrucka K, Gupta S, Vandenabeele P, Bertrand MJM, Samali A. Deficiency in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway reveals the toxic potential of autophagy under ER stress conditions. Autophagy 2015; 10:1921-36. [PMID: 25470234 PMCID: PMC4502706 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death is normally associated with activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which is characterized by CYCS (cytochrome c, somatic) release, apoptosome formation, and caspase activation, resulting in cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that under conditions of ER stress cells devoid of CASP9/caspase-9 or BAX and BAK1, and therefore defective in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, still undergo a delayed form of cell death associated with the activation of caspases, therefore revealing the existence of an alternative stress-induced caspase activation pathway. We identified CASP8/caspase-8 as the apical protease in this caspase cascade, and found that knockdown of either of the key autophagic genes, ATG5 or ATG7, impacted on CASP8 activation and cell death induction, highlighting the crucial role of autophagy in the activation of this novel ER stress-induced death pathway. In line with this, we identified a protein complex composed of ATG5, FADD, and pro-CASP8 whose assembly coincides with caspase activation and cell death induction. Together, our results reveal the toxic potential of autophagy in cells undergoing ER stress that are defective in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and suggest a model in which the autophagosome functions as a platform facilitating pro-CASP8 activation. Chemoresistance, a common problem in the treatment of cancer, is frequently caused by the downregulation of key mitochondrial death effector proteins. Alternate stress-induced apoptotic pathways, such as the one described here, may become of particular relevance for tackling the problem of chemoresistance in cancer cells.
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Key Words
- ATG, autophagy related
- BAK1, BCL2-antagonist/killer 1
- BAX, BCL2-associated X protein
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
- DDIT3, DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3
- DISC, death inducing signaling complex
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FADD, Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HSPA5, heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa)
- MAP1LC3 (LC3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI, propidium iodide
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNFSF10, tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10
- Tg, thapsigargin
- Tm, tunicamycin
- apoptosis
- autophagic cell death
- autophagy
- caspase
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- unfolded protein response
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Deegan
- a Apoptosis Research Center; NUI Galway ; Galway , Ireland
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35
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Liu F, Weng X, Lin P, Zheng C, Xu H, Liu X, Ye H, Li X. Duhuo Jisheng decoction inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes induced by tunicamycin through the downregulation of miR-34a. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1311-8. [PMID: 26329269 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that Duhuo Jisheng decoction (DHJSD) inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis by the mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is upstream of the mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway and has been shown to promote chondrocyte apoptosis that occurs in osteoarthritis (OA). The present study aimed to evaluate whether DHJSD inhibits the chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating ER stress. DHJSD enhanced the viability of tunicamycin (TM)‑exposed chondrocytes, a model of ER stress-induced apoptosis, in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, as shown by MTT assay. The present results showed that DHJSD and sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, reduced TM‑induced chondrocyte apoptosis by 4',6-diamidino‑2-phenylindole staining. To gain insight into the mechanisms of DHJSD that are responsible for enhancing the viability and inhibiting TM‑induced chondrocyte apoptosis, the associated mRNA expressions and protein levels were detected by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The results showed that the expression levels of Xbp1, Xbp1s and Bcl‑2 were increased, and the expression levels of Bip, Atf4, Chop, Bax, caspase‑9 and ‑3 were decreased in the TM‑exposed chondrocytes treated with DHJSD or PBA compared with that in the TM‑exposed chondrocytes. To identify the possible mechanisms, the expression of miR‑34a was examined by the TaqMan microRNA assay, and was downregulated in the TM‑exposed chondrocytes treated with DHJSD or PBA compared with that in the TM-exposed chondrocytes. DHJSD inhibits ER stress in chondrocytes induced by exposure to TM by downregulating miR‑34a, suggesting that DHJSD may be a potential therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayuan Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaping Weng
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Pingdong Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Chunsong Zheng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xianxiang Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Ye
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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36
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Ali R, Trump S, Lehmann I, Hanke T. Live cell imaging of the intracellular compartmentalization of the contaminate benzo[a]pyrene. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:361-371. [PMID: 24700684 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the cellular response of murine hepatoma cells to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using two-photon and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The intracellular distribution of B[a]P and the B[a]P/AhR complex was visualized time- and concentration-dependent for up to 48 h of exposure. B[a]P was predominantly found in lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, where B[a]P is collected and forms large aggregates. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and bleb formation due to high B[a]P concentrations were observed. The imaging data presented in this study provide new insights into the systemic cellular regulation following B[a]P exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ali
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Saskia Trump
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Shimazawa M, Sugitani S, Inoue Y, Tsuruma K, Hara H. Effect of a sigma-1 receptor agonist, cutamesine dihydrochloride (SA4503), on photoreceptor cell death against light-induced damage. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:64-72. [PMID: 25616094 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutamesine dihydrochloride is an agonist of sigma-1 receptor, which is a ligand-operated receptor chaperone at the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. ER stress plays a pivotal role in light irradiation-induced retinal damage. In the present study, we examined whether cutamesine is effective against experimental degenerative retinal damages in vitro and in vivo. The effects of cutamesine against white light-induced retinal photoreceptor damage were evaluated in vitro by measuring cell death. The expression of sigma-1 receptor after the light exposure was examined by immunoblot analysis. The disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3/7 activation after excessive light exposure were also examined. In addition, retinal damage in mice induced by irradiation to white light was evaluated using histological staining and electroretinography. Cutamesine reduced the cell death rate induced by light exposure, and the protective effect was prevented by N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine (BD-1047) dihydrobromide, a sigma-1 receptor antagonist. Sigma-1 receptor expression was decreased by light exposure, and cutamesine suppressed the decreased expression of sigma-1 receptor protein. Cutamesine also reduced the mitochondrial damage and reduced the elevated level of caspase 3/7 activity; this effect was attenuated by BD-1047. In in vivo studies, cutamesine suppressed the light-induced retinal dysfunction and thinning of the outer nuclear layer in the mouse retina. These findings indicate that cutamesine protects against retinal cell death in vitro and in vivo by the agonistic effect of sigma-1 receptor. Therefore, sigma-1 receptor may have a potential as a therapeutic target in retinal diseases mediated by photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Sou Sugitani
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Moslehi A, Nabavizadeh F, Nabavizadeh F, Dehpour AR, Dehpou AR, Tavanga SM, Hassanzadeh G, Zekri A, Nahrevanian H, Sohanaki H. Naltrexone attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced hepatic injury in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:341-52. [PMID: 25183508 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress provides abnormalities in insulin action, inflammatory responses, lipoprotein B100 degradation and hepatic lipogenesis. Excess accumulation of triglyceride in hepatocytes may also lead to disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Opioid peptides are involved in triglyceride and cholesterol dysregulation, inflammation and cell death. In this study, we evaluated Naltrexone effects on ER stress induced liver injury. To do so, C57/BL6 mice received saline, DMSO and Naltrexone, as control groups. ER stress was induced by tunicamycin (TM) injection. Naltrexone was given before TM administration. Liver blood flow and biochemical serum analysis were measured. Histopathological evaluations, TNF-α measurement and Real-time RT-PCR were also performed. TM challenge provokes steatosis, cellular ballooning and lobular inflammation which significantly reduced in Naltrexone treated animals. ALT, AST and TNF-α increased in the TM group and improved in the Naltrexone plus TM group. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased in TM treated mice with no increase in Naltrexone treated animals. In the Naltrexone plus TM group, gene expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase3 significantly lowered compared with the TM group. In this study, we found that Naltrexone had a notable alleviating role in ER stress induced steatosis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moslehi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Tehran 1417613151 Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Tehran 1417613151 Iran
| | | | - A R Dehpou
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - S M Tavanga
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shariati Hospital Tehran Iran
| | - G Hassanzadeh
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - A Zekri
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Genetics, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - H Nahrevanian
- Pasteur Institute of Iran Department of Parasitology Tehran Iran
| | - H Sohanaki
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Tehran Iran
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Kennedy D, Mnich K, Samali A. Heat shock preconditioning protects against ER stress-induced apoptosis through the regulation of the BH3-only protein BIM. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:813-21. [PMID: 25349785 PMCID: PMC4208087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock (HS) preconditioning protects against ER stress-induced apoptosis upstream of BAX activation. HS preconditioning elevates the expression of HSPA1, a key pro-survival marker. The primary mechanism by which HS preconditioning renders cells resistant to ER stress is via downregulation of BIM. HSPA1 does not play a role in the regulation of BIM protein levels.
A mild heat shock (HS) preconditioning and acquisition of thermotolerance protects cells against a variety of cytotoxic agents that otherwise induce apoptosis. Here we tested whether there is a molecular link between HS preconditioning and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. ER stress results from a loss of ER lumen homeostasis, culminating in an accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER and activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). Unresolved, ER stress leads to activation of BH3-only proteins, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. HS preconditioning (1 h at 42 °C) induced a rapid increase in HSPA1 (HSP70) levels which remained elevated for at least 48 h post-HS. HS preconditioning significantly reduced BAX, caspase activation and apoptosis in cell cultures treated with the ER stress-inducing agents thapsigargin (TG) and tunicamycin (TM). HS-mediated protection was found to be due to regulation of the BH3-only protein BIM. Further, overexpression of HSPA1 could not mimic the effect of HS on BIM expression, suggesting that other HS factors may play a role in inhibiting ER stress-induced apoptosis by regulating BIM.
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40
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Abstract
To investigate if resveratrol prevent the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Methods: Rat heart tissue-derived cardiac H9c2 myoblast cell line was cultured. Fluorescence images of mitochondrial membrane potential were obtained with confocal microscopy. Western blotting analyzes the ERS marker protein GRP78 expression. Transmission electron microscopy detects the subcellular structure. Results: Exposure of cardiac H9c2 cells to 100 μM 2-DG, the ERS inducer, for 20 min caused a marked decrease in mitochondrial specific tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) fluorescence. Resveratrol significantly prevented the loss of TMRE fluorescence. Western blotting revealed that resveratrol decreased GRP78 expression. Experiments with transmission electron microscopy revealed that resveratrol prevented 2-DG-induced swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial damages. Conclusions: These data suggest that inhibition of ERS leads to the prevention of mPTP opening. Resveratrol prevents the mPTP opening through inhibition of ERS.
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Templeton N, Lewis A, Dorai H, Qian EA, Campbell MP, Smith KD, Lang SE, Betenbaugh MJ, Young JD. The impact of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2∆ expression on CHO central metabolism. Metab Eng 2014; 25:92-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Deegan S, Saveljeva S, Gupta S, MacDonald DC, Samali A. ER stress responses in the absence of apoptosome: A comparative study in CASP9 proficient vs deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mishra R, Karande AA. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated activation of p38 MAPK, Caspase-2 and Caspase-8 leads to abrin-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92586. [PMID: 24664279 PMCID: PMC3963924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin from Abrus precatorius plant is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor and induces apoptosis in cells. However, the relationship between inhibition of protein synthesis and apoptosis is not well understood. Inhibition of protein synthesis by abrin can lead to accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum causing ER stress. The observation of phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and upregulation of CHOP (CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein), important players involved in ER stress signaling by abrin, suggested activation of ER stress in the cells. ER stress is also known to induce apoptosis via stress kinases such as p38 MAPK and JNK. Activation of both the pathways was observed upon abrin treatment and found to be upstream of the activation of caspases. Moreover, abrin-induced apoptosis was found to be dependent on p38 MAPK but not JNK. We also observed that abrin induced the activation of caspase-2 and caspase-8 and triggered Bid cleavage leading to mitochondrial membrane potential loss and thus connecting the signaling events from ER stress to mitochondrial death machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali A. Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Hassan I, Gaines KS, Hottel WJ, Wishy RM, Miller SE, Powers LS, Rutkowski DT, Monick MM. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7537-46. [PMID: 24497642 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.510594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a major health problem, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections remain without specific therapy. Identification of novel host cellular responses that play a role in the pathogenesis of RSV infection is needed for therapeutic development. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling cascade that has been implicated in multiple biological phenomena, including the pathogenesis of some viral infections. In this study, we investigate the role of the ER stress response in RSV infection using an in vitro A549 cell culture model. We found that RSV infection induces a non-canonical ER stress response with preferential activation of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and activated transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways with no concomitant significant activation of the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that IRE1 has an inhibitory effect on RSV replication. Our data characterize, for the first time, the nature of the ER stress response in the setting of RSV infection and identify the IRE1 stress pathway as a novel cellular anti-RSV defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Hassan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine and
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45
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Trondl R, Flocke LS, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Jungwirth U, Mair GE, Steinborn R, Enyedy ÉA, Jakupec MA, Berger W, Keppler BK. Triapine and a more potent dimethyl derivative induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:451-9. [PMID: 24378333 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triapine (3-AP; 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, has been extensively evaluated in clinical trials in the last decade. This study addresses the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the anticancer activity of 3-AP and the derivative N(4),N(4)-dimethyl-triapine (3-AP-Me), differing from 3-AP only by dimethylation of the terminal nitrogen. Treatment of colon cancer cells with 3-AP or 3-AP-Me activated all three ER stress pathways (PERK, IRE1a, ATF6) by phosphorylation of eIF2α and upregulation of gene expression of activating transcription factors ATF4 and ATF6. In particular, 3-AP-Me led to an upregulation of the alternatively spliced mRNA variant XBP1 (16-fold). Moreover, 3-AP and 3-AP-Me activated the cellular stress kinases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and inhibition of JNK activity antagonized the cytotoxic effect of both compounds. Subsequent to induction of the unfolded protein response, a significant upregulation of proapoptotic proteins was detected, including the transcription factor CHOP and Bim, an essential factor for ER stress-related apoptosis. In correlation with the higher degree of ER stress after 3-AP-Me treatment, also a more potent depolarization of mitochondrial membranes was found. These data suggest that 3-AP and 3-AP-Me induce apoptosis via ER stress. This was further corroborated by showing that inhibition of protein biosynthesis with cycloheximide prior to 3-AP and 3-AP-Me treatment leads to a significant reduction of the antiproliferative properties of both compounds. Taken together, this study demonstrates that induction of ER stress contributes to the mode of action of 3-AP and that terminal dimethylation leads to an even more pronounced manifestation of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Trondl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (R.T., L.S.F., C.R.K., M.A.J., B.K.K.); Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research" (R.T., C.R.K., P.H., U.J., M.A.J., W.B., B.K.K.), Institute of Cancer Research (P.H., U.J., W.B.), and Comprehensive Cancer Centre (P.H., U.J., W.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (G.E.M., R.S.); Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary (E.A.E.); and Hungarian Academy of Science-USZ Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Group, Szeged, Hungary (E.A.E.)
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Zhang HM, Qiu Y, Ye X, Hemida MG, Hanson P, Yang D. P58(IPK) inhibits coxsackievirus-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway requiring activation of ATF6a and subsequent upregulation of mitofusin 2. Cell Microbiol 2013; 16:411-24. [PMID: 24134518 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously we found that prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection led to p58(IPK) downregulation and subsequent cell apoptosis. This finding implies that p58(IPK) expression benefits cell survival and counteracts CVB3-induced apoptosis. In testing this hypothesis, we first found that PI3K/Akt survival pathway is more sensitive than ERK1/2 in response to p58(IPK) expression. This finding was further verified by silencing p58(IPK) with specific siRNAs, which led to the significant suppression of phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) but not ERK1/2. Further, using CVB3-infected cell line expressing dominant negative ATF6a (DN-ATF6a), we found that expression of p58(IPK) and p-Akt was significantly reduced, which led to the decreased cell viability. However, when the DN-ATF6a cells were transiently transfected with p58(IPK) , an opposite result was obtained. Finally, by CVB3 infection of cells stably expressing p58(IPK) , we found that CVB3-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis was suppressed, which was evidenced by the reduced cytochrome c release and upregulation of the mitochondrial membrane protein mitofusin 2. However, silencing p58(IPK) with either specific siRNAs or DN-ATF6a sensitized cells to CVB3-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that p58(IPK) suppresses CVB3-induced apoptosis through selective activation of PI3K/Akt pathway that requires activation of ATF6a and subsequently upregulates mitofusin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang M Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Donnelly N, Gorman AM, Gupta S, Samali A. The eIF2α kinases: their structures and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3493-511. [PMID: 23354059 PMCID: PMC11113696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling in response to an array of diverse stress stimuli converges on the phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Phosphorylation of eIF2α on serine 51 results in a severe decline in de novo protein synthesis and is an important strategy in the cell's armory against stressful insults including viral infection, the accumulation of misfolded proteins, and starvation. The phosphorylation of eIF2α is carried out by a family of four kinases, PERK (PKR-like ER kinase), PKR (protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent), GCN2 (general control non-derepressible-2), and HRI (heme-regulated inhibitor). Each primarily responds to a distinct type of stress or stresses. Thus, while significant sequence similarity exists between the eIF2α kinases in their kinase domains, underlying their common role in phosphorylating eIF2α, additional unique features determine the regulation of these four proteins, that is, what signals activate them. This review will describe the structure of each eIF2α kinase and discuss how this is linked to their activation and function. In parallel to the general translational attenuation elicited by eIF2α kinase activation the translation of stress-induced mRNAs, most notably activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is enhanced and these set in motion cascades of gene expression constituting the integrated stress response (ISR), which seek to remediate stress and restore homeostasis. Depending on the cellular context and concurrent signaling pathways active, however, translational attenuation can also facilitate apoptosis. Accordingly, the role of the kinases in determining cell fate will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neysan Donnelly
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, Munich, 82152 Germany
| | - Adrienne M. Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Center, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Urra H, Dufey E, Lisbona F, Rojas-Rivera D, Hetz C. When ER stress reaches a dead end. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3507-3517. [PMID: 23988738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common feature of several physiological and pathological conditions affecting the function of the secretory pathway. To restore ER homeostasis, an orchestrated signaling pathway is engaged that is known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR has a primary function in stress adaptation and cell survival; however, under irreversible ER stress a switch to pro-apoptotic signaling events induces apoptosis of damaged cells. The mechanisms that initiate ER stress-dependent apoptosis are not fully understood. Several pathways have been described where we highlight the participation of the BCL-2 family of proteins and ER calcium release. In addition, recent findings also suggest that microRNAs and oxidative stress are relevant players on the transition from adaptive to cell death programs. Here we provide a global and integrated overview of the signaling networks that may determine the elimination of a cell under chronic ER stress. This article is part of a Special Section entitled: Cell Death Pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hery Urra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Estefanie Dufey
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Lisbona
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Rojas-Rivera
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, Santiago, Chile.
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Deegan S, Saveljeva S, Gorman AM, Samali A. Stress-induced self-cannibalism: on the regulation of autophagy by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2425-41. [PMID: 23052213 PMCID: PMC11113399 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular catabolic process which can be described as a self-cannibalism. It serves as an essential protective response during conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the bulk removal and degradation of unfolded proteins and damaged organelles; in particular, mitochondria (mitophagy) and ER (reticulophagy). Autophagy is genetically regulated and the autophagic machinery facilitates removal of damaged cell components and proteins; however, if the cell stress is acute or irreversible, cell death ensues. Despite these advances in the field, very little is known about how autophagy is initiated and how the autophagy machinery is transcriptionally regulated in response to ER stress. Some three dozen autophagy genes have been shown to be required for the correct assembly and function of the autophagic machinery; however; very little is known about how these genes are regulated by cellular stress. Here, we will review current knowledge regarding how ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) induce autophagy, including description of the different autophagy-related genes which are regulated by the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Deegan
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Svetlana Saveljeva
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M. Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Vincenz L, Jäger R, O'Dwyer M, Samali A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: targeting the Achilles heel of multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:831-43. [PMID: 23729400 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by the malignant proliferating antibody-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite recent advances in therapy that improve the survival of patients, multiple myeloma remains incurable and therapy resistance is the major factor causing lethality. Clearly, more effective treatments are necessary. In recent years it has become apparent that, as highly secretory antibody-producing cells, multiple myeloma cells require an increased capacity to cope with unfolded proteins and are particularly sensitive to compounds targeting proteostasis such as proteasome inhibitors, which represent one of the most prominent new therapeutic strategies. Because of the increased requirement for dealing with secretory proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum, multiple myeloma cells are heavily reliant for survival on a set of signaling pathways, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Thus, directly targeting the UPR emerges as a new promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the UPR signaling in cancer, and outline its important role in myeloma pathogenesis and treatment. We discuss new therapeutic approaches based on targeting the protein quality control machinery and particularly the IRE1α/XBP1 axis of the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vincenz
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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