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de Oliveira Assis FS, Vasconcellos GL, Lopes DJP, de Macedo LR, Silva M. Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:106-117. [PMID: 38974590 PMCID: PMC11223924 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the potential benefits of green tea on the inflammatory process in metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results are inconclusive and inconsistent. In the present study, we performed a literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of green tea supplementation on inflammatory markers [e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] among patients with MetS and related disorders. We systematically searched for relevant publications up to March 2022 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022320345). Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled on the basis of the random effects model to compare the effects of green tea with placebo. We used meta-regression and subgroup analyses to determine the cause of heterogeneity and performed study quality assessment using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. We assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's tests. Out of the total 15 RCTs that were included in this systematic review, 12 were chosen for the meta-analysis. The results revealed that green tea significantly decreased TNF-α levels but did not affect CRP and IL-6 levels. Subgroup analysis showed that green tea supplementation in studies lasting ≤8 weeks significantly increased CRP levels. Furthermore, meta-regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between increasing IL-6 concentration and treatment duration. According to our meta-analysis, green tea was shown to considerably lower circulating TNF-α levels. To confirm these findings, carefully planned trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Lima Vasconcellos
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares 35020-360, Brazil
| | - Diego José Pereira Lopes
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares 35020-360, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Silva
- Department of Basic Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35020-360, Brazil
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Ofori EK, Adekena CN, Boima V, Asare‐Anane H, Yorke E, Nyarko ENY, Mohammed BN, Quansah E, Jayasinghe SU, Amanquah SD. Serum leptin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease: An observational cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1053. [PMID: 36698704 PMCID: PMC9851162 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Adipocytes secrete a peptide hormone called leptin, which plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and energy expenditure. Alterations in leptin concentrations are associated with CKD-related cardiovascular problems such as hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Despite the link, data on the precise function of leptin in people with CKD and HHD is scant. Methods An observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 108 participants (72 CKD patients with HHD and 36 healthy controls). Their demographic and anthropometric information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Certain clinical measures such as blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for levels of plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, creatinine, and leptin. Data were analyzed with SPSS v23. Results Leptin, FPG, creatinine and triglyceride levels were all significantly higher in CKD patients with HHD compared to controls (p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, advanced CKD status (being in stage 5), having a 6-year diagnosis of HHD, being female, having a higher BMI, and elevation in levels of HDL and FPG contributed significantly to the variance in serum leptin levels in the case group (β = 0.37, 0.22, 0.19, 0.18, 0.27, 0.28; p < 0.05 for all). In the control group, the female gender had the biggest unique effect on circulating leptin levels, followed by BMI and eGFR (β = 0.71, 0.34, -0.22; p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion Patients with CKD who also had HHD reported considerably higher circulating leptin levels. Significantly higher blood leptin levels were shown to be associated with CKD stage 5 in the case group. These results are consistent with the role of leptin in the metabolic complexity seen in CKD patients. There needs to be more research into treatments that aim to lower leptin levels in CKD patients with HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K. Ofori
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Christian N. Adekena
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana,University of Ghana Medical CenterAccraGhana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Henry Asare‐Anane
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Eric N. Y. Nyarko
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Bismark N. Mohammed
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | | | | | - Seth D. Amanquah
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
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Bayram Z, Akcabag E, Ozbey G, Golbasi I, Ozdem SS. The Functional Effects of Visfatin on Human Left Internal Mammary Artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:725-731. [PMID: 35881894 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Visfatin may play a role in vascular dysfunction in metabolic disorders. Apart from its insulin-mimetic actions, it has divergent actions in the cardiovascular system with discordant results in the literature. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of visfatin on vascular responses of the human left internal mammary artery. Sections of redundant human left internal mammary artery were cut into 3-mm wide rings and hung in 20-mL organ baths containing physiologic salt solution and attached to an isometric force transducer connected to a computer-based data acquisition system. Removing endothelium caused an increase in pD2 values for visfatin-induced relaxation responses (10 -12 -10 -7 M) (9.06 ± 0.21 and 11.08 ± 0.92, respectively). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor FK866 (10 µM) reversed the visfatin-induced relaxations (10 -12 -10 -7 M) ( P = 0.024). Incubations with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro- l -arginine methylester and guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) caused significant reductions in relaxation responses of visfatin ( P = 0.011 and 0.008, respectively). Visfatin incubations decreased relaxation responses to acetylcholine but not to sodium nitroprusside. Incubations with visfatin did not change contractile responses to angiotensin II, endothelin-1, noradrenalin, and phenylephrine. In this study, visfatin caused endothelium-dependent relaxations mediated by nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Furthermore, visfatin-induced decreases in relaxation responses were also related to endothelium-derived nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Bayram
- Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Akcabag
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey; and
| | - Gul Ozbey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey; and
| | - Ilhan Golbasi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sadi S Ozdem
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey; and
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Gao Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Wang Z, Hou J, Wang L. Dimethylamine enhances platelet hyperactivity in chronic kidney disease model. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:585-595. [PMID: 34327565 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major health threat worldwide which is associated with elevated blood level of dimethylamine (DMA) and unbalanced platelet functions. Dimethylamine, a simple aliphatic amine, is abundantly found in human urine as well as other body fluids like plasma. However, the relation between dimethylamine and platelet activation is unclear. This study aims to unravel the mechanism of DMA and platelet function in chronic kidney disease. Through in vitro platelet characterization assay and in vivo CKD mouse model, the level of DMA, platelet activity and renal function were assessed by established methods. PKCδ and its downstream kinase MEK1/2 were examined by immunoblotting analysis of human platelet extract. Rescue experiments with PKCδ inhibitor or choline deficient diet were also conducted. DMA level in plasma of mouse CKD model was elevated along with enhanced platelet activation and comprised renal function. DMA can activate platelet in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of PKCδ could antagonize the effect of DMA on platelet activation. When choline as the dietary source of DMA was deprived from CKD mouse, the level DMA was reduced and platelet activation was attenuated. Our results demonstrate that dimethylamine could enhance platelet activation in CKD model, potentially through activation of PKCδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Gao
- Department of Hemodialysis, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 053000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 053000, Hebei, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 053000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 053000, Hebei, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Hemodialysis, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 053000, Hebei, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Hemodialysis, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping Western Road, Shijiazhuang, 053000, Hebei, China
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Blessberger H, Mueller P, Makimoto H, Hauffe F, Meissner A, Gemein C, Schmitt J, Hamm C, Deneke T, Schiedat F, Mügge A, Gabriel M, Steinwender C. Association of adipocytokines serum levels with left atrial thrombus formation in atrial fibrillation patients on oral anticoagulation (Alert) - A cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:860-868. [PMID: 33549449 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oral anticoagulation is effective for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, strokes may still occur in high-risk individuals. We conducted a prospective trial to assess the association between adipocytokine serum levels and surrogate parameters for thromboembolic events. METHODS AND RESULTS In this cross-sectional multicenter trial, we enrolled 189 patients with AF who were on oral anticoagulation. The primary endpoint was defined as either the presence of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), a left atrial appendage (LAA), or a left atrial (LA) thrombus on transesophageal echocardiography. We investigated the association of adipocytokine serum levels with the combined endpoint using logistic regression analysis. Forty-eight individuals (25%) were assigned to group 1 (G1) due to the occurrence of at least one of the components of the combined endpoint (41 [21.7%] SEC, 3 [1.6%] LA thrombus, 13 [6.9%] LAA thrombus), whereas the remaining patients formed group 2 (G2). The BMI, logarithmized (loge) leptin (G1: 2.0 ± 1.3 μg/ml, G2: 2.0 ± 1.1 μg/ml, p = 0.746) and visfatin serum levels (G1: 3.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml, G2: 3.4 ± 0.5 ng/ml, p = 0.900) did not significantly differ between the groups. Conversely, logarithmized adiponectin (G1: 3.3 ± 0.6 ng/ml, G2: 3.1 ± 0.7 ng/ml, p = 0.036) and resistin levels (G1: 1.8 ± 0.5 ng/ml, G2: 1.6 ± 0.5 ng/ml, p = 0.009) were higher in patients with the primary endpoint. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a score that combined the individual adiponectin and resistin values in each patient corroborated this association. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adiponectin and resistin may act as potential biomarkers to identify individuals with AF who are at high thromboembolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Blessberger
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria; Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.
| | - Patrick Mueller
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Germany
| | - Hisaki Makimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike Hauffe
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anita Meissner
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Gemein
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany; Clinic for Cardiology, Klinikum Frankfurt Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joern Schmitt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center (Herz- und Gefäßklinik GmbH), Bad Neustadt a.d. Saale, Germany
| | - Fabian Schiedat
- Department of Cardiology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Department of Cardiology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Gabriel
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Steinwender
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Medical Faculty, Linz, Austria; Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
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Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet Counts, and Mean Platelet Volumes. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-020-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Barale C, Russo I. Influence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020623. [PMID: 31963572 PMCID: PMC7014042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are key players in the thrombotic processes. The alterations of platelet function due to the occurrence of metabolic disorders contribute to an increased trend to thrombus formation and arterial occlusion, thus playing a major role in the increased risk of atherothrombotic events in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Several lines of evidence strongly correlate metabolic disorders such as obesity, a classical condition of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis with cardiovascular diseases. The presence of these clinical features together with hypertension and disturbed microhemorrheology are responsible for the prothrombotic tendency due, at least partially, to platelet hyperaggregability and hyperactivation. A number of clinical platelet markers are elevated in obese and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, including the mean platelet volume, circulating levels of platelet microparticles, oxidation products, platelet-derived soluble P-selectin and CD40L, thus contributing to an intersection between obesity, inflammation, and thrombosis. In subjects with insulin resistance and T2DM some defects depend on a reduced sensitivity to mediators—such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin—playing a physiological role in the control of platelet aggregability. Furthermore, other alterations occur only in relation to hyperglycemia. In this review, the main cardiometabolic risk factors, all components of metabolic syndrome involved in the prothrombotic tendency, will be taken into account considering some of the mechanisms involved in the alterations of platelet function resulting in platelet hyperactivation.
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9
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Relation between platelet coagulant and vascular function, sex-specific analysis in adult survivors of childhood cancer compared to a population-based sample. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20090. [PMID: 31882836 PMCID: PMC6934665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Female sex is a risk factor for long-term adverse outcome in cancer survivors, however very little is known for the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms rendering the increased risk. This study investigated sex-specifically the relation between thrombin generation (TG) with and without presence of platelets and vascular function in 200 adult survivors of a childhood cancer compared to 335 population-based control individuals. TG lag time, peak height and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) measured in presence and absence of platelets were correlated to reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI). A sex-specific correlation analysis showed a negative relation in female survivors for platelet-dependent peak height and/or ETP and RI only. An age adjusted linear regression model confirmed the negative association between RI and platelet-dependent ETP (beta estimate: −6.85, 95% confidence interval: −12.19,−1.51) in females. Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors resulted in loss of the association, whereby arterial hypertension and obesity showed the largest effects on the observed association. No other relevant associations were found in male and female cancer survivors and all population-based controls. This study demonstrates a link between platelet coagulant and vascular function of resistance vessels, found in female cancer survivors, potentially mediated by the presence of arterial hypertension and obesity.
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Hoyer A, Then Bergh F, Klaeske K, Lehmann S, Misfeld M, Borger M, Dieterlen MT. Custodiol-N™ cardioplegia lowers cerebral inflammation and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 28:884-892. [PMID: 30668864 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardioplegic solutions induce cardiac arrest and protect cardiac tissue from ischaemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effects on the brain, which is vulnerable to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery and ischaemia-reperfusion injury, mostly remain unknown. We investigated if cardioplegic solutions differ in their effects in altered oxygen conditions and in their ability to induce cerebral inflammation. METHODS Thirty pigs were subjected to a midline sternotomy and CPB at 34°C with 90 min cardiac arrest followed by 120 min reperfusion. Following randomization on a 1:1:1 basis, they received either a single shot of histidine-tryptophan-α-ketoglutarate (HTK)-Bretschneider solution (n = 10), histidine-tryptophan-α-ketoglutarate-N (HTK-N; n = 10) or HTK plus 1.2 mg/l cyclosporine A (HTK/CsA; n = 10). Brain regions of interest (frontal cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, diencephalon, colliculus superior) were analysed by real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β and IL-1β receptor as well as by immunohistochemical analysis for HIF-1α. Blood gas and electrolyte analyses were performed. RESULTS Comparisons between baseline and reperfusion period levels revealed that HTK-N cardioplegia induced a smaller reduction of the haemoglobin content and blood calcium concentrations (hbbaseline: 5.97 ± 0.63 mmol/l; hbreperfusion: 6.16 ± 0.66 mmol/l; P = 0.428; Cabaseline2+: 1.36 ± 0.05 mmol/l; Careperfusion2+: 1.28 ± 0.05 mmol/l; P < 0.001) compared to HTK (hbbaseline: 5.93 ± 0.45 mmol/l; hbreperfusion: 4.72 ± 0.79 mmol/l; P = 0.001; Cabaseline2+: 1.34 ± 0.07 mmol/l; Careperfusion2+: 1.24 ± 0.06 mmol/l; P = 0.004) and HTK/CsA cardioplegia (hbbaseline: 5.88 ± 0.44 mmol/l; hbreperfusion: 5.14 ± 0.87 mmol/l; P = 0.040; Cabaseline2+: 1.38 ± 0.04 mmol/l; Careperfusion2+: 1.20 ± 0.14 mmol/l; P = 0.001). Brain region-specific regulation of the HIF-1α expression, no general HIF-1α activation and a lower tumour necrosis factor-α expression (pto HTK = 0.050, pto HTK/CsA = 0.013) were documented for HTK-N cardioplegia. CONCLUSIONS HTK-N (Custodiol-N) induced fewer cerebral effects and less inflammation during CPB surgery than HTK and HTK/CsA cardioplegia. These data suggest that HTK-N exerts brain protective effects during and after CPB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Hoyer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Klaeske
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Lehmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Misfeld
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Borger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Helios Clinic, Leipzig, Germany
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Hovhannesyan RA, Hovhannisyan IG. Platelet Aggregation and Interleukins Indicators Impacting the Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:2038-2044. [PMID: 30878372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Relative assessment and relationship between of platelet aggregation and the level of interleukins IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-18 among ischemic stroke (IS) patients. METHODS A prospective clinical cohort study involved 108 IS patients, classified into group 1-surviving (93; 86.1%) and group 2-lethal outcomes (15; 13.9%). The studies were conducted in the most acute (first day of hospitalization) and acute (7 days of hospitalization) phases of IS. The level of interleukins was defined by enzyme immunoassay method. The platelet aggregation research was performed by the nephelometric method. RESULTS In the acute phase of the IS the first group, patients showed reduction in the level of IL-1β and IL-6, and increase in the level of IL-4, compared to the most acute period, whereas in patients of the second group further increase in IL-1β and IL-6, and reduction of IL-4 levels were recorded. Both in the most acute and acute phases of the IS, in parallel to the aggravation of platelet aggregation (PA) disturbances, the lethal outcome probability grew. The latter also grew together with increase in the synthesis of IL-1β and IL-6, in the most acute phase of the IS. In the acute phase of the IS, lethal outcome was recorded in all patients with high values of IL-1β and IL-6, and all patients with low values of IL-1β showed improvement. CONCLUSIONS Vivid disturbances of PA, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 synthesis, in the most acute phase of the IS, signal higher probability of lethal outcome. Reduction in the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, and increase of IL-4 in the acute phase, means improvement in conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iren G Hovhannisyan
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center 'St. Gregory the Illuminator', Yerevan, Republic of Armenia, YSMU after Mkhitar Heratsi, Department of Neurology, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
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12
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Han S, Gan D, Wang G, Ru Y, Huang C, Lin J, Zhang L, Meng Z, Zhu S. Associations of Platelet Indices with Body Fat Mass and Fat Distribution. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1637-1643. [PMID: 30260089 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the associations of platelet indices with body fat, including body fat mass and fat distribution. METHODS A total of 3,327 individuals aged 18 to 80 were enrolled. Body fat was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected to measure platelet indices (platelet count [PLT], plateletcrit [PCT], mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet large cell ratio). Adjusted multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the associations of platelet indices with body fat. RESULTS PLT was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, total fat mass percentage, trunk fat mass percentage, android fat mass percentage, and android to gynoid fat ratio but negatively associated with gynoid fat mass percentage, total lean mass percentage, and skeletal muscle mass index. Similar associations were found between PCT and body fat. However, no significant associations were found between the other three platelet indices and body fat. CONCLUSIONS Both PLT and PCT were associated with body fat, and the associations depended on fat location. Because PCT is mainly influenced by PLT, these associations suggest that platelet quantity is more closely related to body fat mass and fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Gan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ru
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Lanxi Municipal Bureau of Health, Lanxi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Núñez A, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Pedrera M, Gómez-Villamandos JC, Carrasco L. Pulmonary intravascular macrophages regulate the pathogenetic mechanisms of pulmonary lesions during acute courses of classical swine fever. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1885-1897. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Comparative Pathology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Department of Comparative Pathology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | - Miriam Pedrera
- Department of Comparative Pathology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
| | | | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Comparative Pathology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Córdoba; Córdoba Spain
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14
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Iwuchukwu I, Mahale N, Ryder J, Hsieh B, Jennings B, Nguyen D, Cornwell K, Beyl R, Zabaleta J, Sothern M. Racial differences in intracerebral haemorrhage outcomes in patients with obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:268-275. [PMID: 29951217 PMCID: PMC6010019 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the role of obesity and race in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) outcomes. METHODS The Get with the guideline-Stroke database was queried for all admitted patients with spontaneous ICH. Secondary causes of ICH were excluded. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using the Center for Disease Control guidelines. Race was classified as White or non-White. Demographics, clinical, imaging data were retrieved. Outcome measures were hematoma expansion at 24 h and discharge disposition. RESULTS A total of 428 patients were included in our analysis. Female gender, past history of congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, blood pressure, ICH volume, ICH location, intraventricular haemorrhage and hospital length of stay deferred across BMI categories. On multivariate analysis, along with obese categories, age, ICH location and ICH volume were independent predictors of poor outcomes (hematoma expansion and poor discharge disposition). After adjusting for these variables, obesity remained a predictor of poor disposition outcome compared with normal and overweight subjects; Normal vs. Obese OR 0.26 CI 0.115-0.593 p = 0.0014; Obese vs. Overweight OR 3.79 CI 1.68-8.52 p = 0.0013. Nonetheless, obesity did not influence hematoma expansion. Overall, BMI-race classification did not influence outcomes. However, among non-Whites, the obese category had higher odds of a poor disposition outcome than normal (OR 6.84 CI 2.12-22.22 p = 0.0013) or overweight (OR 8.45 CI 2.6-27.49 p = 0.0004) categories. CONCLUSION An obesity paradox in ICH was not observed in our cohort. In the non-White population, patients with obesity were likely to be associated with poor disposition outcome. Similar findings were not observed in White population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Iwuchukwu
- Department of Neurocritical Care, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Ochsner Medical Center/Ochsner Clinical SchoolUniversity of QueenslandNew OrleansLAUSA
- Neuroscience Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Science CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - N. Mahale
- Institute of Translation ResearchOchsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - J. Ryder
- Ochsner Clinical SchoolUniversity of QueenslandNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - B. Hsieh
- Ochsner Clinical SchoolUniversity of QueenslandNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - B. Jennings
- Department of NeurologyOchsner Medical CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - D. Nguyen
- Institute of Translation ResearchOchsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - K. Cornwell
- School of Public HealthLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLA
| | - R. Beyl
- Department of BiostatisticsPennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA
| | - J. Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer CenterLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - M. Sothern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and School of Public HealthLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
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15
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Wu XA, Xie G, Li XQ, Wu HT, Wang X. The value of serum visfatin in predicting in-stent restenosis of drug-eluting stents. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 479:20-24. [PMID: 29305846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the association between serum visfatin level and in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents (DES). METHODS A total of 460 patients with stable coronary heart disease who underwent DES placement were included. According to the results of coronary angiography 1year after PCI, 62 patients diagnosed as ISR were enrolled into the ISR group and 398 patients without ISR were recruited into the control group. Baseline clinical data were collected, and serum visfatin level was measured using ELISA method. RESULTS The serum visfatin levels before PCI were not different between ISR and control groups (P=0.41). However, visfatin level after PCI in the ISR group was significantly higher than in the control group [(30.2±8.6) ng/ml vs. (22.6±7.9) ng/ml, P<0.01]. In multivariate logistic regression, the independent predictors for ISR included post-procedural visfatin level (odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.65), type 2 diabetes (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.10-4.79), reference vessel diameter (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.98), stent length (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.21) and stent diameter (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.88). ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve for post-procedural visfatin in predicting ISR was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86), with the optimal cut-off value of 25.9ng/ml showing a sensitivity of 84.0% and a specificity of 69.3%. CONCLUSION Increased serum visfatin level after DES placement is independently associated with ISR. Serum visfatin may be useful in the prediction of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-An Wu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Hui-Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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16
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Raoux L, Moszkowicz D, Vychnevskaia K, Poghosyan T, Beauchet A, Clauser S, Bretault M, Czernichow S, Carette C, Bouillot JL. Effect of Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss on Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume: a 12-Month Follow-Up Study. Obes Surg 2017; 27:387-393. [PMID: 27437985 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is strongly correlated with cardiovascular risk and associated with platelet hyperactivity. This hyperactivity is associated with an increase in mean platelet volume (MPV). Few data are available about changes in platelet counts and MPV in obese patients after bariatric surgery (BS). The purpose of this study was to describe quantitative and qualitative changes in the platelet lineage after BS. METHODS One hundred twenty-eight consecutive patients were included. The mean age was 43 ± 12 years, 77 % of patients were female, and the mean preoperative BMI was 44 ± 6 kg/m2. Ninety patients (71 %) had a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), and 38 (29 %) had a sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Patients were evaluated preoperatively, and postoperative follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months. The postoperative evaluation included blood samples for full blood count (FBC), including measure of mean platelet volume (MPV). RESULTS At the 12-month follow-up, the reduction in preoperative weight was 29 ± 9 %. We showed a significant decrease in platelet count (245 ± 62 vs. 234 ± 54 G/L; p = 0.0015) found in parallel with a non-significant decrease in MPV (9.27 ± 1.1 vs. 9.22 ± 1.05; p = 0.34). With regard to the intervention type, SG caused a more significant decrease in platelet count than RYGBP (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in MPV variations between the two groups (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BS has a positive impact on platelet metabolism, possibly mediated by weight loss. These data need to be confirmed to understand the multifactorial benefits of BS on cardiovascular risk in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Raoux
- Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - David Moszkowicz
- Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Oncologique et Métabolique, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France. .,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.
| | - Karina Vychnevskaia
- Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Tigran Poghosyan
- Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Alain Beauchet
- Department of Biostatistics, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sylvain Clauser
- Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,Department of Hematology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marion Bretault
- Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,Department of Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Sébastien Czernichow
- Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France.,Department of Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Claire Carette
- Department of Nutrition, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bouillot
- Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, 78180, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
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17
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Mohammadi M, Gozashti MH, Aghadavood M, Mehdizadeh MR, Hayatbakhsh MM. Clinical Significance of Serum IL-6 and TNF-α Levels in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 6:74-79. [PMID: 29090232 PMCID: PMC5643447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) facilitate its diagnosis, including abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) seem to be associated with MetS components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels with MetS and its components. METHODS This case-control study investigated 250 subjects, comprising 125 healthy controls from the Kerman Blood Transfusion Organization and 125 MetS patients. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were greater in MetS patients than in controls. However, no correlation was observed between MetS components and IL-6 or TNF-α serum levels. CONCLUSION Patients with MetS had significantly greater serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels than the controls, supporting the evidence that inflammation plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels may predict MetS. The lack of association between IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels and MetS components remains to be investigated by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mohammadi
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, school of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Gozashti
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Majid Aghadavood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Afzalipour hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdi Hayatbakhsh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology sciences, kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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18
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Csongrádi É, Káplár M, Nagy B, Koch CA, Juhász A, Bajnok L, Varga Z, Seres I, Karányi Z, Magyar MT, Oláh L, Facskó A, Kappelmayer J, Paragh G. Adipokines as atherothrombotic risk factors in obese subjects: Associations with haemostatic markers and common carotid wall thickness. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:571-580. [PMID: 28428025 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some crucial associations between obesity-related altered adipokine levels and the main factors of atherosclerotic, atherothrombotic processes are not fully known. We analysed the relationships of classic adipokines, namely leptin, resistin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) with the markers of platelet activation, including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet surface/soluble P-selectin, platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), the parameters of coagulation abnormalities and common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in obese patients with or without atherosclerotic comorbidities in comparison to age- and sex-matched controls. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 154 obese individuals, including 98 suffering from atherosclerotic concomitant conditions, 56 free of atherosclerotic comorbidities and 62 healthy controls. Plasma levels of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6, soluble P-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1 ag) were analysed by ELISA. Platelet surface P-selectin and PMPs were measured by flow cytometry. IMT was detected by ultrasonography. Adipokines were closely associated with markers of platelet hyperactivity, hypercoagulability, hypofibrinolysis and IMT. Significant independent associations were found between leptin and platelet count (p < 0.0001), MPV (p = 0.019), PMPs (p < 0.0001), fibrinogen (p = 0.001), factor VIII (FVIII) activity (p = 0.035); adiponectin and PAI-1 ag (p = 0.035); resistin and soluble P-selectin (p = 0.002); TNF-α and PAI-1 ag (p < 0.0001); and IL-6 and fibrinogen (p = 0.011). Finally, leptin (p = 0.0005), adiponectin (p = 0.019), IL-6 (p = 0.001), MPV (p = 0.0003), PMP (p = 0.008), and FVIII activity (p = 0.043) were independent predictors of IMT. CONCLUSION Overall, we suggest that in obese subjects altered adipokine levels play a key role in common carotid atherosclerosis both directly and through haemostatic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- É Csongrádi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.
| | - M Káplár
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - B Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - C A Koch
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - A Juhász
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Bajnok
- 1st Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - I Seres
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Karányi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M T Magyar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Oláh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A Facskó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Paragh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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19
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Fairaq A, Shawky NM, Osman I, Pichavaram P, Segar L. AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibition of mTOR signaling independent of AMPK: Implications toward suppression of neointimal hyperplasia. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:289-302. [PMID: 28237515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Although adiponectin replenishment mitigates neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis in mouse models, adiponectin therapy has been hampered in a clinical setting due to its large molecular size. Recent studies demonstrate that AdipoRon (a small-molecule adiponectin receptor agonist) improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice and attenuates postischemic cardiac injury in adiponectin-deficient mice, in part, through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). To date, it remains unknown as to whether AdipoRon regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, which plays a major role in neointima formation. In the present study, oral administration of AdipoRon (50mg/kg) in C57BL/6J mice significantly diminished arterial injury-induced neointima formation by ∼57%. Under in vitro conditions, AdipoRon treatment led to significant inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC proliferation, DNA synthesis, and cyclin D1 expression. While AdipoRon induced a rapid and sustained activation of AMPK, it also diminished basal and PDGF-induced phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream targets, including p70S6K/S6 and 4E-BP1. However, siRNA-mediated AMPK downregulation showed persistent inhibition of p70S6K/S6 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, indicating AMPK-independent effects for AdipoRon inhibition of mTOR signaling. In addition, AdipoRon treatment resulted in a sustained and transient decrease in PDGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, respectively. Furthermore, PDGF receptor-β tyrosine phosphorylation, which controls the phosphorylation state of Akt and ERK, was diminished upon AdipoRon treatment. Together, the present findings suggest that orally-administered AdipoRon has the potential to limit restenosis after angioplasty by targeting mTOR signaling independent of AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Fairaq
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Islam Osman
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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20
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Barić Rafaj R, Kuleš J, Marinculić A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Ceron J, Mihaljević Ž, Tumpa A, Mrljak V. Plasma markers of inflammation and hemostatic and endothelial activity in naturally overweight and obese dogs. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:13. [PMID: 28061787 PMCID: PMC5219720 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the canine population. While haemostatic parameters and markers of endothelial function have been evaluated in various disease conditions in dogs, there are no studies of these markers in canine obesity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of naturally gained weight excess and obesity on inflammatory, hemostatic and endothelial biomarkers in dogs. A total of 37 overweight and obese dogs were compared with 28 normal weight dogs. RESULTS Overweight and obese dogs had significantly elevated concentrations of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Number of platelets, activity of factor X and factor VII were significantly higher, while activated partial thromboplastine time (aPTT) and soluble plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were significantly decreased. Statistical analysis of high mobility group box - 1 protein (HMGB-1), soluble intercellular adhesive molecule -1 (sICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) concentrations did not show significant differences between the total overweight and obese group and the normal weight group of dogs. CONCLUSIONS Analytical changes in the dogs in our study reflects that weight excess in dogs can be associated with a chronic low degree of inflammation and a hypercoagulable state, where primary and secondary hemostasis are both affected. However obesity is not associated with impairment of endothelial function in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Barić Rafaj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Kuleš
- ERA Chair team VetMedZg, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Marinculić
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Tvarijonaviciute
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100 Espinardo Spain
| | - J. Ceron
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100 Espinardo Spain
| | - Ž. Mihaljević
- Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Tumpa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V. Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Dieaases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Hognogi LDM, Simiti LV. The cardiovascular impact of visfatin - an inflammation predictor biomarker in metabolic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 89:322-6. [PMID: 27547049 PMCID: PMC4990425 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As it had been already stated by latest research, inflammation is a condition which sits at the very base of atherogenesis, which is the major consequence of the metabolic syndrome. It was stated that adipose tissue impacts all organs by the synthesis of adipokines. Visfatin/NAMPT is a biomarker that was recently discovered in mice (2005). In the beginning it was believed to have insulin-like properties, but afterwards research has found important links between Visfatin and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease. It was also linked to plaque instability in acute coronary syndromes. More studies are needed though, to clearly state whether Visfatin/NAMPT has a positive or negative role because, up until now, the only sure fact is that its serum levels correlate with the presence of an inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Diana Mocan Hognogi
- 1st Medical Department, Cardiology Unit, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminita Vida Simiti
- 1st Medical Department, Cardiology Unit, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Adipo/cytokines in atherosclerotic secretomes: increased visfatin levels in unstable carotid plaque. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:149. [PMID: 27391230 PMCID: PMC4939016 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory derivatives from adipose tissue, known as adipokines, act as metabolic factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the secreted expression of different adipo/cytokines in secretomes of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque versus non-atherosclerotic mammary artery. Methods We evaluated the secretion levels of adiponectin, visfatin, lipocalin-2, resistin, IL-6 and TNFR2 by ELISA in human secretomes from cultured unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque (n = 18) and non-atherosclerotic mammary artery (n = 13). We also measured visfatin serum levels in patients suffering from atherosclerosis and in a serum cohort of healthy subjects (n = 16). Results We found that visfatin levels were significantly increased in unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque secretome than in non-atherosclerotic mammary artery secretome. No differences were found with regard the other adipo/cytokines studied. Regarding visfatin circulating levels, there were no differences between unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque and non-atherosclerotic mammary artery group. However, these visfatin levels were increased in comparison to serum cohort of healthy subjects. Conclusions Of all the adipo/cytokines analysed, only visfatin showed increased levels in secretomes of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Additional human studies are needed to clarify the possible role of visfatin as prognostic factor of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
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Shi KL, Qian JY, Qi L, Mao DB, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Guo XG. Atorvastatin antagonizes the visfatin-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via the upregulation of NF-κB activation in HCAECs. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1438-1444. [PMID: 27446449 PMCID: PMC4950623 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether atorvastatin antagonizes the visfatin-induced expression of inflammatory mediators in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Several analysis methods, such as reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and H2DCFDA incubation, were used in the present study. The data showed that atorvastatin decreased the visfatin-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in HCAECs. In addition, atorvastatin inhibited the visfatin-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HCAECs. In addition, the present study found that atorvastatin inhibited the visfatin-activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway by preventing extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in HCAECs. Atorvastatin significantly inhibited visfatin-induced NF-κB activity via the upregulation of reactive oxygen species production. Atorvastatin, a visfatin antagonist (FK866) and an NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) decreased the visfatin-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via the upregulation of NF-κB activation in HCAECs. These results suggest that atorvastatin may inhibit the visfatin-induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators through blocking the NF-κB signal pathway. The findings of the present study provide a potential use for atorvastatin and visfatin in the pathogenesis of HCAEC dysfunction. This knowledge may contribute to the development of novel therapies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Ying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan Universtiy, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Biao Mao
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan Universtiy, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Gui Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Melatonin reduces obesity and restores adipokine patterns and metabolism in obese (ob/ob) mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:891-900. [PMID: 26250620 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity, leading to metabolic complications, is now recognized as a major public health problem. The adipocytes are not merely energy-storing cells, but they play crucial roles in the development of the so-called metabolic syndrome due to the adipocyte-derived bioactive factors such as adipokines, cytokines, and growth factors. The dysregulated production and secretion of adipokines seen in obesity is linked to the pathogenesis of the metabolic disease processes. In this study, we hypothesized that dietary melatonin administration would support an anti-inflammatory response and play an important role in energy metabolism in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of obese mice and so may counteract some of the disruptive effects of obesity. Lean and obese mice (ob/ob) received melatonin or vehicle in drinking water for 8 weeks. Thereafter, they were evaluated for morphologic alteration, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the adipokine patterns in visceral and subcutaneous white fat depots. In obese mice treated with vehicle, we observed a significant increase in fat depots, inflammation, and a dysregulation of the adipokine network. In particular, we measured a significant reduction of adiponectin and an increase of tumor necrosis factor α, resistin, and visfatin in adipose tissue deposits. These changes were partially reversed when melatonin was supplemented to obese mice. Melatonin supplementation by regulating inflammatory infiltration ameliorates obesity-induced adipokine alteration, whereas melatonin administration in lean mice was unaffected. Thus, it is likely that melatonin would be provided in supplement form to control some of the disruptive effects on the basis of obesity pathogenic process.
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Murray KN, Parry-Jones AR, Allan SM. Interleukin-1 and acute brain injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:18. [PMID: 25705177 PMCID: PMC4319479 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the key host-defense response to infection and injury, yet also a major contributor to a diverse range of diseases, both peripheral and central in origin. Brain injury as a result of stroke or trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet there are no effective treatments, resulting in enormous social and economic costs. Increasing evidence, both preclinical and clinical, highlights inflammation as an important factor in stroke, both in determining outcome and as a contributor to risk. A number of inflammatory mediators have been proposed as key targets for intervention to reduce the burden of stroke, several reaching clinical trial, but as yet yielding no success. Many factors could explain these failures, including the lack of robust preclinical evidence and poorly designed clinical trials, in addition to the complex nature of the clinical condition. Lack of consideration in preclinical studies of associated co-morbidities prevalent in the clinical stroke population is now seen as an important omission in previous work. These co-morbidities (atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, infection) have a strong inflammatory component, supporting the need for greater understanding of how inflammation contributes to acute brain injury. Interleukin (IL)-1 is the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine, first identified many years ago as the endogenous pyrogen. Research over the last 20 years or so reveals that IL-1 is an important mediator of neuronal injury and blocking the actions of IL-1 is beneficial in a number of experimental models of brain damage. Mechanisms underlying the actions of IL-1 in brain injury remain unclear, though increasing evidence indicates the cerebrovasculature as a key target. Recent literature supporting this and other aspects of how IL-1 and systemic inflammation in general contribute to acute brain injury are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie N Murray
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | | | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
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Suslova TE, Sitozhevskii AV, Ogurkova ON, Kravchenko ES, Kologrivova IV, Anfinogenova Y, Karpov RS. Platelet hemostasis in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: cGMP- and NO-dependent mechanisms in the insulin-mediated platelet aggregation. Front Physiol 2015; 5:501. [PMID: 25601838 PMCID: PMC4283519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have high risk of microcirculation complications and microangiopathies. An increase in thrombogenic risk is associated with platelet hyperaggregation, hypercoagulation, and hyperfibrinolysis. Factors leading to platelet activation in MetS and T2DM comprise insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, non-enzymatic glycosylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review discusses the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of platelet adhesion and aggregation processes. NO is synthesized both in endotheliocytes, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and platelets. Modification of platelet NO-synthase (NOS) activity in MetS patients can play a central role in the manifestation of platelet hyperactivation. Metabolic changes, accompanying T2DM, can lead to an abnormal NOS expression and activity in platelets. Hyperhomocysteinemia, often accompanying T2DM, is a risk factor for cardiovascular accidents. Homocysteine can reduce NO production by platelets. This review provides data on the insulin effects in platelets. Decrease in a number and sensitivity of the insulin receptors on platelets in T2DM can cause platelet hyperactivation. Various intracellular mechanisms of anti-aggregating insulin effects are discussed. Anti-aggregating effects of insulin are mediated by a NO-induced elevation of cGMP and upregulation of cAMP- and cGMP-dependent pathways. The review presents data suggesting an ability of platelets to synthesize humoral factors stimulating thrombogenesis and inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines are considered as markers of T2DM and cardiovascular complications and are involved in the development of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The article provides an evaluation of NO-mediated signaling pathway in the effects of cytokines on platelet aggregation. The effects of the proinflammatory cytokines on functional activity of platelets are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E Suslova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia ; Center of High Technology in the Medicine, Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexei V Sitozhevskii
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oksana N Ogurkova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena S Kravchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina V Kologrivova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia ; Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Rostislav S Karpov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute for Cardiology," Tomsk, Russia
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Kantorová E, Jesenská Ľ, Čierny D, Zeleňák K, Sivák Š, Stančík M, Galajda P, Nosáľ V, Kurča E. The Intricate Network of Adipokines and Stroke. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:967698. [PMID: 26783391 PMCID: PMC4689915 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disorders, particularly ischemic stroke, are one of the most common neurological disorders. High rates of overweight and obesity support an interest in the role of adipose tissue and adipose tissue releasing cytokines in inducing associated comorbidities. Adipokines can serve as a key messenger to central energy homeostasis and metabolic homeostasis. They can contribute to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and brain. However recent research has offered ambiguous data on the network of adipose tissue, adipokines, and vascular disorders. In our paper we provide a critical insight into the role of adipokines in evolution of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Kantorová
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- *Ema Kantorová:
| | - Ľubica Jesenská
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Čierny
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Zeleňák
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Radiodiagnostics, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Sivák
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matej Stančík
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Malá Hora 4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Galajda
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Malá Hora 4A, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Nosáľ
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Egon Kurča
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Clinic of Neurology, Malá Hora 4A, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Winfield RD. Caring for the critically ill obese patient: challenges and opportunities. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29:747-50. [PMID: 25319015 DOI: 10.1177/0884533614553234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a challenging public health problem. The anatomic and physiologic complexities of obese patients make their healthcare challenging under routine circumstances, but in the setting of critical illness, these challenges are magnified. This review explores some of the unique difficulties that critical care providers face when caring for the obese patient and highlights areas in which future research is needed to provide optimal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Winfield
- Department of Surgery, Section of Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Franklin NC, Ali M, Goslawski M, Wang E, Phillips SA. Reduced vasodilator function following acute resistance exercise in obese women. Front Physiol 2014; 5:253. [PMID: 25071598 PMCID: PMC4083188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to stress induced impairments in endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV), a precursor to atherosclerosis. Since obesity is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, we sought to determine if a single bout of strenuous weight lifting (SWL) reduces EDV among sedentary obese adults. Participants included 9 obese (OB) (BMI 30.0–40.0 kg/m2) and 8 lean (LN) (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) sedentary young women. All participants underwent a single bout of SWL using a progressive leg-press protocol. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (an index of EDV) was determined using ultrasonography before and after SWL. Sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) was used to determine brachial artery endothelium-independent vasodilation following SWL. Brachial artery FMD was significantly reduced in OB and LN women (LN: 6.4 ± 1.6%, p = 0.22) after SWL. There was no difference in the magnitude of change pre- and post-SWL between groups (OB: −2.4 ± 0.6% and LN: −2.2 ± 1.6%, p = 0.84). Dilation to NTG was lower in OB (21.6 ± 1.3%) compared to LN women (27.6 ± 2.1%, p = 0.02) and associated with body weight (r = −0.70, p = 0.01). These data suggest that EDV is reduced in woman after acute resistance exercise. Dilations to NTG were lower in obese compared to lean woman and associated with body weight suggesting that changes in sensitivity of blood vessels to NO occurs during obesity. These findings may be important for understanding vascular risk following acute exercise in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Franklin
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA ; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA ; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa Goslawski
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Health Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA ; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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Nair J, Ghatge M, Kakkar VV, Shanker J. Network analysis of inflammatory genes and their transcriptional regulators in coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94328. [PMID: 24736319 PMCID: PMC3988072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Network analysis is a novel method to understand the complex pathogenesis of inflammation-driven atherosclerosis. Using this approach, we attempted to identify key inflammatory genes and their core transcriptional regulators in coronary artery disease (CAD). Initially, we obtained 124 candidate genes associated with inflammation and CAD using Polysearch and CADgene database for which protein-protein interaction network was generated using STRING 9.0 (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes) and visualized using Cytoscape v 2.8.3. Based on betweenness centrality (BC) and node degree as key topological parameters, we identified interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1B), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) as hub nodes. The backbone network constructed with these five hub genes showed 111 nodes connected via 348 edges, with IL-6 having the largest degree and highest BC. Nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFKB1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and JUN were identified as the three core transcription factors from the regulatory network derived using MatInspector. For the purpose of validation of the hub genes, 97 test networks were constructed, which revealed the accuracy of the backbone network to be 0.7763 while the frequency of the hub nodes remained largely unaltered. Pathway enrichment analysis with ClueGO, KEGG and REACTOME showed significant enrichment of six validated CAD pathways - smooth muscle cell proliferation, acute-phase response, calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity, toll-like receptor signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling and adipocytokine signaling pathways. Experimental verification of the above findings in 64 cases and 64 controls showed increased expression of the five candidate genes and the three transcription factors in the cases relative to the controls (p<0.05). Thus, analysis of complex networks aid in the prioritization of genes and their transcriptional regulators in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiny Nair
- Mary and Garry Weston Functional Genomics Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Madankumar Ghatge
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Unit, Thrombosis Research Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay V. Kakkar
- Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayashree Shanker
- Mary and Garry Weston Functional Genomics Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Enli Y, Balci YI, Gönen C, Uzun E, Polat A. Adipocytokine concentrations in children with different types of beta-thalassemia. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2014; 74:306-11. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2014.883639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cubedo J, Padró T, Cinca J, Mata P, Alonso R, Badimon L. Retinol-binding protein 4 levels and susceptibility to ischaemic events in men. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:266-75. [PMID: 24720534 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many efforts in cardiovascular medicine have been focused in the identification of patients at risk of developing an acute ischaemic event. Biomarker discovery studies have become an essential research area, being proteomic technologies an excellent tool for biomarker identification. By applying proteomic approaches, we have detected changes in retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in acute new-onset myocardial infarction patients (AMI) and in high-risk patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential serum proteome was analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Validation studies were performed by ELISA, and functional effects of RBP4 were tested in cell culture experiments. RESULTS Retinol-binding protein 4 proteomic characterization depicted two spots (pI = 5·4;Mw = 23·01/22·78 kDa) with decreased intensity in AMI patients. Total serum RBP4 levels were decreased in AMI patients (N = 68) compared with controls (N = 132; P < 0·0001). RBP4 was also decreased in FH patients who had an ischaemic event 2 years (±0·3) after their inclusion compared with FH patients without any cardiovascular episode at follow-up (P < 0·001; N = 187). In both cases, changes were limited to men. RBP4 induced a significant increase in eNOS expression in human endothelial vascular cells and in prostaglandin I2 release in coronary vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS We show decreased serum RBP4 levels in men in the acute phase of AMI, being this decrease already detected in men with FH previous to the presentation of an ischaemic event. The decrease in RBP4 levels could confer an increased susceptibility to the precipitation of an ischaemic event that could be mediated by the decrease in its vasculoprotective properties through NO and PGI2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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Tripathy D, Daniele G, Fiorentino TV, Perez-Cadena Z, Chavez-Velasquez A, Kamath S, Fanti P, Jenkinson C, Andreozzi F, Federici M, Gastaldelli A, Defronzo RA, Folli F. Pioglitazone improves glucose metabolism and modulates skeletal muscle TIMP-3-TACE dyad in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2153-63. [PMID: 23811853 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pioglitazone (PIO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist insulin-sensitiser with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of low-dose PIO (15 mg/day) on glucose metabolism and inflammatory state in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic trial was conducted on 29 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and/or sulfonylurea. They were randomised to receive PIO or placebo (PLC) for 6 months, in a 1:1 ratio. Participants were allocated to interventions by central office. All study participants, investigators and personnel performing measurements were blinded to group assignment. At baseline and after 6 months patients underwent: (1) OGTT; (2) muscle biopsy to evaluate expression of TNF-α, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases 3 (TIMP-3) levels, TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) expression and enzymatic activity; (3) euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp; (4) measurement of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin and fractalkine (FRK). The interventions were PIO 15 mg/day vs placebo and the main outcomes measured were absolute changes in whole-body insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and inflammatory state. RESULTS Fifteen participants were randomized to receive PIO and 14 participants were randomized to receive PLC. Eleven participants completed the study in the PIO group and nine participants completed the study in the PLC group and were analysed. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c decreased modestly (p < 0.05) after PIO and did not change after PLC. M/I (insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal), adipose tissue insulin resistance (IR) index, insulin secretion/IR (disposition) index and insulinogenic index improved significantly after PIO, but not after PLC. Circulating MCP-1, IL-6, FRK, hsCRP and PAI-1 levels decreased in PIO- as compared with PLC-treated patients, while TNF-α did not change. TNF-α protein expression and TACE enzymatic activity in muscle were significantly reduced by PIO but not PLC. Adiponectin levels increased significantly after PIO as compared with PLC treatment. Given that the mean TACE enzymatic activity level at baseline in the PIO group was 0.29 ± 0.07 (fluorescence units [FU]), and at end of study decreased to 0.05 vs 0.14 in the PLC group, the power to reject the null hypothesis that the population means of the PIO and PLC groups are equal after 6 months is greater than 0.80. Given that M/I was 2.41 ± 0.35 μmol kg(-1) min(-1) (pmol/l)(-1) at baseline and increased by 0.55 in the PIO and 0.17 in the PLC groups, the power to reject the null hypothesis that the population means of the PIO and PLC groups are equal after 6 months is greater than 0.85. The type I error probability associated with this test of this null hypothesis is 0.05. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Low-dose PIO (15 mg/day) improves glycaemic control, beta cell function and inflammatory state in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical.Trial.gov NCT01223196. FUNDING This study was funded by TAKEDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjit Tripathy
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Doronzo G, Viretto M, Barale C, Russo I, Mattiello L, Anfossi G, Trovati M. Oleic acid increases synthesis and secretion of VEGF in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: role of oxidative stress and impairment in obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18861-80. [PMID: 24065093 PMCID: PMC3794811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by poor collateral vessel formation, a process involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) action on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Free fatty acids are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity vascular complications, and we have aimed to clarify whether oleic acid (OA) enhances VEGF synthesis/secretion in VSMC, and whether this effect is impaired in obesity. In cultured aortic VSMC from lean and obese Zucker rats (LZR and OZR, respectively) we measured the influence of OA on VEGF-A synthesis/secretion, signaling molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In VSMC from LZR we found the following: (a) OA increases VEGF-A synthesis/secretion by a mechanism blunted by inhibitors of Akt, mTOR, ERK-1/2, PKC-beta, NADPH-oxidase and mitochondrial electron transport chain complex; (b) OA activates the above mentioned signaling pathways and increases ROS; (c) OA-induced activation of PKC-beta enhances oxidative stress, which activates signaling pathways responsible for the increased VEGF synthesis/secretion. In VSMC from OZR, which present enhanced baseline oxidative stress, the above mentioned actions of OA on VEGF-A, signaling pathways and ROS are impaired: this impairment is reproduced in VSMC from LZR by incubation with hydrogen peroxide. Thus, in OZR chronically elevated oxidative stress causes a resistance to the action on VEGF that OA exerts in LZR by increasing ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Doronzo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin) 10043, Italy.
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Paz-Filho G, Mastronardi C, Franco CB, Wang KB, Wong ML, Licinio J. Leptin: molecular mechanisms, systemic pro-inflammatory effects, and clinical implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 56:597-607. [PMID: 23329181 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, the adipokine produced mainly by the white adipose tissue, plays important roles not only in the regulation of food intake, but also in controlling immunity and inflammation. It has been widely demonstrated that the absence of leptin leads to immune defects in animal and human models, ultimately increasing mortality. Leptin also regulates inflammation by means of actions on its receptor, that is widely spread across different immune cell populations. The molecular mechanisms by which leptin determines its biological actions have also been recently elucidated, and three intracellular pathways have been implicated in leptin actions: JAK-STAT, PI3K, and ERK 1/2. These pathways are closely regulated by intracellular proteins that decrease leptin biological activity. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which leptin regulates immunity and inflammation, and associate those mechanisms with chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Gustavsson C, Agardh CD, Agardh E. Profile of intraocular tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in diabetic subjects with different degrees of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:445-52. [PMID: 22520269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess and correlate the levels of inflammatory mediators in the eyes from non-diabetic and diabetic subjects without retinopathy (NDR), with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) to corresponding erum levels. METHODS The levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analysed by an ELISA-mimicking technique in the vitreous from 26 diabetic subjects with active PDR and 27 non-diabetic subjects, or by a multiplex bead assay in the aqueous humour from 35 diabetic subjects with NDR/NPDR and 40 non-diabetic subjects. Intraocular protein production was estimated in vitreous specimens by calculating a vitreous/serum ratio. RESULTS In the vitreous, IL-6 was higher in diabetic [157.5 (25.0-1401.0) pg/ml; median (min-max)] than in non-diabetic subjects [44.0 (5.0-4425) pg/ml; p = 0.021]. The vitreous/serum ratio was high (55.5:1 and 16:1, respectively), suggesting intraocular production. TNF-α was lower in diabetic [18.0 (8.0-46.0) pg/ml] than in non-diabetic subjects [22.0 (13.0-47.0) pg/ml; p = 0.034], but the vitreous/serum ratio was elevated in both groups (2:1 and 3.4:1, respectively). TNF-α levels were higher in serum from diabetic subjects [9.0 (5.0-53.0) pg/ml versus 6.7 (3.0-11.0) pg/ml; p < 0.001]. Aqueous levels of inflammatory mediators did not differ between diabetic subjects with NDR/NPDR and non-diabetic subjects despite elevated TNF-α in serum [27.8 (6.8-153.7) pg/ml versus 16.4 (4.1-42.4) pg/ml; p = 0.021]. CONCLUSION Intraocular inflammation seems to be involved in PDR but does not seem to be prominent in early retinopathy stages, i.e. NDR or NPDR. Diabetic subjects have an overall increased inflammatory activity compared to non-diabetic subjects, as demonstrated by increased serum levels of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Gustavsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Brzezińska-Kolarz B, Kolarz M, Wałach A, Undas A. Weight Reduction Is Associated With Increased Plasma Fibrin Clot Lysis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2013; 20:832-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029613486016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of vascular thrombotic events. We sought to investigate how obesity and weight loss affect plasma fibrin clot properties. A total of 29 obese patients were studied before and after 3-month low-fat diet. Plasma fibrin clot parameters, including fibrin clot permeation coefficient ( Ks), the lag phase of the turbidity curve, clot lysis time ( t50%), maximum rate of increase in D-dimer levels, and maximum D-dimer concentrations, were determined. Low-fat diet resulted in the reduction of body weight ( P < .0001), body mass index ( P < .0001), fat mass ( P < .0001), total cholesterol ( P < .0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P = .0005), triglycerides ( P = .008), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 ( P = .02), but not in fibrinogen or C-reactive protein. The only change in fibrin clot variables was shorter t50% ( P = .02). Baseline t50%, but not posttreatment, correlated with waist circumference ( r = .44, p = .02). This study demonstrates that weight loss in obese people can increase the efficiency of fibrin clot lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Kolarz
- Avitum Poland, Hemodialysis Unit in Miechów, Miechów, Poland
| | | | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- The John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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The critically injured obese patient: a review and a look ahead. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 216:1193-206. [PMID: 23522437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Lennon L, Sattar N. Adiposity, adipokines, and risk of incident stroke in older men. Stroke 2012. [PMID: 23192755 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.670331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association between adiposity and adipocytes and risk of stroke in older adults is uncertain. We have examined the association between adiposity measures and adipocytes (adiponectin and leptin) with incident stroke events in older men. METHODS Prospective study of 3411 men aged 60 to 79 years with no previous diagnosis of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke followed-up for an average of 9 years, during which there were 192 incident major stroke events. RESULTS In age-adjusted analyses, body mass index and waist circumference were not significantly associated with risk of stroke in older men, although obese men (body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) showed the lowest risk of stroke. Despite the strong positive correlation between leptin and body mass index and waist circumference, risk of stroke was significantly increased in those in the top quartile of the leptin distribution. The increased risk remained after adjustment for potential confounders, including systolic blood pressure (adjusted hazard ratios top quartile versus bottom quartile: 2.03; confidence interval, 1.27-3.27]). Further adjustment for markers of inflammation (c-reactive protein), endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor), fibrinolytic activity (d-dimer), and γ-glutamyl transferase attenuated the increased risk, but risk remained significantly increased (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.73; confidence interval, 1.06-2.83]). By contrast, no association was seen between adiponectin and risk of stroke. CONCLUSIONS Conventional adiposity measures were not associated with increased stroke risk in older men. However, leptin (a good marker of percent fat mass), but not adiponectin, predicted stroke, suggesting a link between fat mass and stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW32PF, UK.
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Lombardi AM, Fabris R, Scarda A, Zanato V, Dal Prà C, Scarparo P, Vettore S, Granzotto M, Berti De Marinis G, Foletto M, Serra R, Sartori MT, Plebani M, Fabris F, Vettor R. Presence of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in obesity. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:1197-204. [PMID: 22957496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2012.02710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low-grade chronic inflammation present in obesity has been recognized as a risk factor for thrombosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. In this context, production by adipose organ of a number of inflammatory adipokines could play a crucial role. It has been reported that obesity represents a risk factor for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), a disease caused by ADAMTS13 deficiency because of anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies, but the pathophysiological link between obesity and TTP is still unknown. We aimed to investigate mechanisms linking obesity to risk of TTP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty obese patients consecutively admitted to Bariatric Unit of Padua between 2006 and 2009, and 39 lean subjects were characterized by anthropometric, metabolic and inflammatory parameters. ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, activity and antigen levels, and several cytokines including thrombospondin-1 were measured. RESULTS 21.3% of obese patients were positive for noninhibitory ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, while all lean subjects were negative (P<0.01). No differences in ADAMTS13 activity and antigen levels were found. Thrombospondin-1 levels were significantly higher in obese than in lean subjects (974.4 ± 592.7 vs. 318.9 ± 202.1 ng/mL; P<0.001) and were inversely correlated with ADAMTS13 activity (R=-0.4853; P<0.001). Dot blot suggests that anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in obese patients bind recombinant thrombospondin-1. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies are directed against thrombospondin domains shared between ADAMTS13 and thrombospondin-1 and that their generation may be sustained by high levels of thrombospondin-1. This phenomenon could be of relevance, because little is known on the pathogenesis of TTP and its possible link with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Justewicz DM, Shokes JE, Reavis B, Boyd SA, Burnette TB, Halberstadt CR, Spencer T, Ludlow JW, Bertram TA, Jain D. Characterization of the human smooth muscle cell secretome for regenerative medicine. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:797-816. [PMID: 22530582 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a central role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of muscle tissue. Little is known about the early in vitro events that guide the assembly of 'bioartificial tissue' (constructs) and recapitulate the key aspects of smooth muscle differentiation and development before surgical implantation. Biomimetic approaches have been proposed that enable the identification of in vitro processes which allow standardized manufacturing, thus improving both product quality and the consistency of patient outcomes. One essential element of this approach is the description of the SMC secretome, that is, the soluble and deposited factors produced within the three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. In this study, we utilized autologous SMC from multiple tissue types that were expanded ex vivo and generated with a rigorous focus on operational phenotype and genetic stability. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the first week of organoid maturation using a well-defined in vitro-like, 3D-engineered scale model of our validated manufacturing process. Functional proteomics was used to identify the topological properties of the networks of interacting proteins that were derived from the SMC secretome, revealing overlapping central nodes related to SMC differentiation and proliferation, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and balanced ECM accumulation. The critical functions defined by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis included cell signaling, cellular movement and proliferation, and cellular and organismal development. The results confirm the phenotypic and functional similarity of the SMC generated by our platform technology at the molecular level. Furthermore, these data validate the biomimetic approaches that have been established to maintain manufacturing consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Justewicz
- Department of Bioprocess Research & Development, Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd., Suite G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.
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Ferreira AFA, Rezende JC, de Cassia C Oliveira R, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Maternal serum visfatin at 11-13 weeks' gestation in preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens 2012; 27:261-4. [PMID: 22572766 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the maternal serum levels of visfatin in the first trimester of pregnancy are altered in cases that develop preeclampsia (PE) and whether the levels are related to placental perfusion reflected in uterine artery pulsatility index (PI). Serum visfatin and uterine artery PI were measured at 11(+0)-13(+6) weeks in 80 cases that developed PE and 240 unaffected controls. The median visfatin and uterine artery PI multiple of the unaffected median (MoM) in the outcome groups was compared and the significance of the association between visfatin MoM and uterine artery PI MoM, birth weight percentile and gestation at delivery was determined. In the PE group, compared with controls, there was a significantly higher median visfatin MoM (1.35, interquartile range (IQR): 0.69-2.16 vs 1.00, IQR: 0.55-1.96, P=0.027) and uterine artery PI MoM (1.19, IQR: 0.95-1.44 vs 1.03, IQR: 0.83-1.22, P<0.0001). In the PE group, there was no significant association between serum visfatin MoM and uterine artery PI MoM (P=0.589), gestation at delivery (P=0.763) or birth weight percentile (P=0.646). Serum visfatin levels at 11-13 weeks are increased in women who develop PE by a mechanism unrelated to impaired placental perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F A Ferreira
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Evaluation of serum adipokines in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:257808. [PMID: 22547903 PMCID: PMC3324910 DOI: 10.1155/2012/257808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. Out study aimed to assess the serum levels of adipokines in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) caused by atherosclerosis. Methods. Serum samples were obtained from 221 patients. One hundred and forty patients, (26 females and 114 males) met the inclusion criteria and were assigned into the case group. Eighty one patients (17 females and 64 males), were included in the control group. Circulating plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and TNF-α were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results. Significant lower levels of adiponectin were present (P = 0.0061) in PAOD patients (2380.23 ± 1634.42 pg/mL) compared to the control group (3065.06 ± 1901.2 pg/mL). The mean value of leptin (2844.42 ± 3301.08 pg/mL) and resistin (2047.81±3301.08 pg/mL) patients included in the PAOD group was higher, as compared to the control group. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for leptin (P = 0.0332) and for resistin (P = 0.0352). No statistically significant difference for TNF-α was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. The markers of inflammation secreted by the adipose tissue (adiponectin, leptin, resistin) showed significant differences in patients from the case group (with PAOD) compared to the control group.
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Roos CJ, Quax PHA, Jukema JW. Cardiovascular metabolic syndrome: mediators involved in the pathophysiology from obesity to coronary heart disease. Biomark Med 2012; 6:35-52. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for cardiovascular events and have a higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This worse prognosis is partly explained by the late recognition of coronary heart disease in these patients, due to the absence of symptoms. Early identification of coronary heart disease is vital, to initiate preventive medical therapy and improve prognosis. At present, with the use of cardiovascular risk models, the identification of coronary heart disease in these patients remains inadequate. To this end, biomarkers should improve the early identification of patients at increased cardiovascular risk. The first part of this review describes the pathophysiologic pathway from obesity to coronary heart disease. The second part evaluates several mediators from this pathophysiologic pathway for their applicability as biomarkers for the identification of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J Roos
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul HA Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome (MS) identifies substantial additional cardiovascular risk beyond the individual risk factors, and is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events even regardless of body mass index, thus suggesting a common downstream pathway conferring increased cardiovascular risk. Platelet hyper-reactivity/activation plays a central role to accelerate atherothrombosis and is the result of the interaction among the features clustering in obesity and MS: insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, the same pathogenic events largely account for the less-than-expected response to antiplatelet agents, namely low-dose aspirin. The proposed explanations for this phenomenon, besides underdosing of drug and/or reduced bioavailability, subsequent to excess of adipose tissue, include enhanced platelet turnover, leading to unacetylated COX-1 and COX-2 in newly formed platelets as a source of aspirin-escaping thromboxane formation; extraplatelet sources of thromboxane, driven by inflammatory triggers; and enhanced lipid peroxidation, activating platelets with a mechanism bypassing COX-1 acetylation or limiting COX-isozyme acetylation by aspirin. This review will address the complex interactions between platelets and the pathogenic events occurring in obesity and MS, trying to translate this body of mechanistic information into a clinically relevant read-out, in order to establish novel strategies in the prevention/treatment of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Santilli
- Internal Medicine and Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Keshari RS, Jyoti A, Kumar S, Dubey M, Verma A, Srinag BS, Krishnamurthy H, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M. Neutrophil extracellular traps contain mitochondrial as well as nuclear DNA and exhibit inflammatory potential. Cytometry A 2011; 81:238-47. [PMID: 22170804 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils expel extracellular traps (NETs) to entrap and exterminate the invaded micro-organisms. Acute/chronic inflammatory disorders are often observed with aberrantly enhanced NETs formation and high nitric oxide (NO) availability. Recent study from this laboratory demonstrated release of NETs from human neutrophils following treatment with SNP or SNAP. This study is an extension of our previous finding to explore the extracellular bacterial killing, source of DNA in the expelled NETs, their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokines release from platelets/THP-1 cells, and assessment of NO-mediated free radical formation by using a consistent NO donor, DETA-NONOate. NO-mediated NETs exhibited extracellular bacterial killing as determined by colony forming units. NO-mediated NETs formation was due to the activation of NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase. NO- or PMA-mediated NETs were positive for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as proteolytic enzymes. Incubation of NETs with human platelets enhanced the release of IL-1β and IL-8, while with THP-1 cells, release of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNFα was observed. This study demonstrates that NO by augmenting enzymatic free radical generation release NETs to promote extracellular bacterial killing. These NETs were made up of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and potentiated release of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Keshari
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Vaspin prevents TNF-α-induced intracellular adhesion molecule-1 via inhibiting reactive oxygen species-dependent NF-κB and PKCθ activation in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:493-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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