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González-Blanco L, Oliván M, Diñeiro Y, Bravo SB, Sierra V, Gagaoua M. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) as an emerging proteomics approach for the discovery of dark-cutting beef biomarkers. Meat Sci 2024; 217:109618. [PMID: 39096797 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in "omics" technologies have enabled the identification of new beef quality biomarkers and have also allowed for the early detection of quality defects such as dark-cutting beef, also known as DFD (dark, firm, and dry) beef. However, most of the studies conducted were carried out on a small number of animals and mostly applied gel-based proteomics. The present study proposes for the first time a Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics approach to characterize and comprehensively quantify the post-mortem muscle proteome of DFD (pH24 ≥ 6.2) and CONTROL (5.4 ≤ pH24 ≤ 5.6) beef samples within the largest database of DFD/CONTROL beef samples to date (26 pairs of the Longissimus thoracis muscle samples of young bulls from Asturiana de los Valles breed, n = 52). The pairwise comparison yielded 35 proteins that significantly differed in their abundances between the DFD and CONTROL samples. Chemometrics methods using both PLS-DA and OPLS-DA revealed 31 and 36 proteins with VIP > 2.0, respectively. The combination of different statistical methods these being Volcano plot, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA allowed us to propose 16 proteins as good candidate biomarkers of DFD beef. These proteins are associated with interconnected biochemical pathways related to energy metabolism (DHRS7B and CYB5R3), binding and signaling (RABGGTA, MIA3, BPIFA2B, CAP2, APOBEC2, UBE2V1, KIR2DL1), muscle contraction, structure and associated proteins (DMD, PFN2), proteolysis, hydrolases, and activity regulation (AGT, C4A, GLB1, CAND2), and calcium homeostasis (ANXA6). These results evidenced the potential of SWATH-MS and chemometrics to accurately identify novel biomarkers for meat quality defects, providing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dark-cutting beef condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Blanco
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mamen Oliván
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yolanda Diñeiro
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Proteomic Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Verónica Sierra
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
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Su Y, Sun J, Zhou Y, Sun W. The Relationship of Waist Circumference with the Morbidity of Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality in Metabolically Healthy Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:212. [PMID: 39076338 PMCID: PMC11270058 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2506212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores the relationship between waist circumference and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality in metabolically healthy individuals. Methods A cohort of 5775 metabolically healthy participants from the 2001-2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Death Index database was tracked over a median period of 81 months. These participants were divided into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) based on increasing waist circumference. To compensate for missing covariates, multivariate multiple imputation methods were used. Adjusted logistic regression models were employed to examine the correlation between waist circumference and cardiovascular disease prevalence. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the association between waist circumference and all-cause mortality, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results The adjusted logistic regression model indicated that a 10 cm increase in waist circumference was associated with a 1.45 times higher prevalence of CVD. As a categorical variable, there was a significant upward trend in CVD incidence across quartiles of waist circumference. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.41 (1.13-5.53) for Q2, 2.65 (1.18-6.39) for Q3, and 2.53 (0.9-7.44) for Q4, compared to Q1. Notably, individuals with high waist circumference showed significantly poorer survival compared to those with low waist circumference (p = 0.008). The Cox regression analysis revealed that each 10 cm increase in waist circumference contributed to an ~8% increase in all-cause mortality. Conclusions This study underscores a positive correlation between waist circumference and both CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality in metabolically healthy individuals. The findings highlight the significance of routinely monitoring waist circumference for effective CVD risk management, regardless of metabolic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yang B, Li W, Saeki H, Shimizu Y, Joe GH. Maillard-type glycated collagen with alginate oligosaccharide suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress by attenuating the expression of LPS receptors Tlr4 and Cd14 in macrophages. Food Funct 2024; 15:3629-3639. [PMID: 38482590 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), with macrophages playing pivotal roles. Glycated collagen through Maillard-type glycation holds promise for enhancing anti-inflammatory properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the cellular mechanism and aims to contribute to expanding collagen utilization. Collagen was glycated with alginate oligosaccharide (AO) and glucose (Glc: as a comparative case) at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity for up to 24 h (C-AO and C-Glc, respectively). The anti-inflammatory activities of both C-AO and C-Glc were evaluated using an LPS-stimulated macrophage model. 18 h AO-glycated collagen (C-AO18 h) was found to significantly reduce the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In contrast, C-Glc did not exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory activity during any of the glycation periods. The enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of C-AO18 h was attributed to its downregulating effect on LPS receptors (toll-like receptor 4, Tlr4; cluster of differentiation 14, Cd14) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (Myd88) mRNA expression, with suppression in receptor expression resulting in decreased phagocytic ability of macrophages against E. coli. In addition, compared with intact collagen, C-AO18 h exhibited improved antioxidant activity in the LPS-stimulated macrophage model, as it significantly upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Overall, this study contributes to the development of collagen-based functional foods for mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress in NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxue Yang
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Saeki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Ga-Hyun Joe
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato 3, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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Gholamalizadeh H, Ensan B, Sukhorukov VN, Sahebkar A. Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 signaling pathway: potential implications of statins beyond cardiovascular diseases. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024; 76:138-153. [PMID: 38127312 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its cognate receptor CCR2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Hence, the inhibition of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway has been of great attention in recent studies. Among suggested medications, statins known as HMG-COA reductase inhibitors with their pleiotropic effects are widely under investigation. METHOD A comprehensive literature search on Scopus and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords 'CCL2', 'CCR2', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'HMG-COA reductase inhibitor', and 'statin'. Both experimental and clinical studies measuring CCL2/CCR2 expressions following statin therapy were identified excluding the ones focused on cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS Herein, we summarized the effects of statins on CCL2 and CCR2 expression in various pathologic conditions including immune-mediated diseases, nephropathies, diabetes, rheumatic diseases, neuroinflammation, inflammatory bowel diseases, gynecologic diseases, and cancers. CONCLUSION For the most part, statins play an inhibitory role on the CCL2-CCR2 axis which implies their potential to be further developed as therapeutic options in non-cardiovascular diseases either alone or in combination with other conventional treatments. However, the existing literature mostly focused on experimental models and is therefore inadequate to reach a conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Behzad Ensan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
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Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Puche-Juarez M, Toledano JM, Ochoa JJ, Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J. Influence of Adipose Tissue on Early Metabolic Programming: Conditioning Factors and Early Screening. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091510. [PMID: 37174902 PMCID: PMC10177621 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and being overweight have become one of the world's most severe health issues, not only because of the pathology but also because of the development of related comorbidities. Even when children reach adulthood, the mother's environment during pregnancy has been found to have a significant impact on obesity prevention in children. Thus, both maternal dietary habits and other factors such as gestational diabetes mellitus, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, smoking, or endocrine factors, among others, could influence newborn growth, adiposity, and body composition at birth, in childhood and adolescence, hence programming health in adulthood. METHODS The aim of this review is to analyze the most recent human studies on the programming of fetal adipose tissue to determine which modifiable factors may influence adiposity and thus prevent specific disorders later in life by means of a bibliographic review of articles related to the subject over the last ten years. CONCLUSIONS The importance of a healthy diet and lifestyle not only during pregnancy and the first months of life but also throughout childhood, especially during the first two years of life as this is a period of great plasticity, where the foundations for optimal health in later life will be laid, preventing the emergence of noncommunicable diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, being overweight, and any other pathology linked to metabolic syndrome, which is so prevalent today, through health programs beginning at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Mikolaskova I, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Smolkova B, Hunakova L. Nutraceuticals as Supportive Therapeutic Agents in Diabetes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:158. [PMID: 36829437 PMCID: PMC9953002 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and diabetes-related mechanisms support the hypothesis that early therapeutic strategies targeting diabetes can contribute to PDAC risk reduction and treatment improvement. A systematic review was conducted, using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, to evaluate the current evidence from clinical studies qualitatively examining the efficacy of four natural products: Curcumin-Curcuma longa L.; Thymoquinone-Nigella sativa L.; Genistein-Glycine max L.; Ginkgo biloba L.; and a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and PDAC treatment. A total of 28 clinical studies were included, showing strong evidence of inter-study heterogeneity. Used as a monotherapy or in combination with chemo-radiotherapy, the studied substances did not significantly improve the treatment response of PDAC patients. However, pronounced therapeutic efficacy was confirmed in T2D. The natural products and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet, combined with the standard drugs, have the potential to improve T2D treatment and thus potentially reduce the risk of cancer development and improve multiple biological parameters in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Mikolaskova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Odborarske Namestie 14, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Luba Hunakova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Odborarske Namestie 14, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Singh A, Mayengbam SS, Yaduvanshi H, Wani MR, Bhat MK. Obesity Programs Macrophages to Support Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4303-4312. [PMID: 36191083 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity induces multifactorial effects such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and arterial hypertension that influence the progression of many diseases. Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of cancers, and multiple mechanisms link obesity with cancer initiation and progression. Macrophages participate in the homeostasis of adipose tissue and play an important role in cancer. Adipose tissue expansion in obesity alters the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, which is a primary cause of inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation driven by macrophages is also an important characteristic of cancer. Adipocytes secrete various adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, IL6, and TNFα, that influence macrophage behavior and tumor progression. Furthermore, other metabolic effects of obesity, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia, can also regulate macrophage functionality in cancer. This review summarizes how obesity influences macrophage-tumor cell interactions and the role of macrophages in the response to anticancer therapies under obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shyamananda Singh Mayengbam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Himanshi Yaduvanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National Centre for Cell Science, Government of India, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Attia SM, Das SC, Varadharajan K, Al-Naemi HA. White adipose tissue as a target for cadmium toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010817. [PMID: 36278208 PMCID: PMC9582776 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal known as a toxic environmental pollutant. Cd exposure is threatening due to its bioaccumulation trait in living systems that exceeds 35 years without a beneficial biological role. Acute exposure to high Cd doses was reported to impact adipose tissue (AT) function adversely. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-dose chronic Cd exposure on the genes involved in adipose tissue (AT) functions. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a low Cd dose (15 mg/kg B.W./day) for 10 weeks. Then, three AT depots-subcutaneous AT (SUB-AT), abdominal AT (AB-AT), and retroperitoneal AT (REtrop-AT) were excised for Cd accumulation measures and gene expression analysis. Adiponectin and leptin gene expression levels were investigated as markers for adipocytes function and homeostasis. Our results showed that Cd accumulated in all the tested adipose depots, but SUB-AT was found to be the depot to most accumulate Cd. Also, it was exhibited that chronic exposure to low Cd doses altered the gene expression of adipocytokines. The levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression were downregulated in all tested AT-depots after Cd exposure. The significant adverse effect on SUB-AT compared to other depots indicates different responses based on AT depots location toward Cd exposure. Collectively, these results suggest a toxic effect of Cd that influenced adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Mohammed Attia
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandra Concepcion Das
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A. Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Hamda A. Al-Naemi,
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Navarro-Masip È, Bravo FI, Mulero M, Arola L, Aragonès G. Time-of-day dependent effect of proanthocyanidins on adipose tissue metabolism in rats with diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1394-1402. [PMID: 35523954 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) improve white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion during diet-induced obesity. However, because adipose metabolism is synchronized by circadian rhythms, it is plausible to speculate that the bioactivity of dietary proanthocyanidins could be influenced by the time-of-day in which they are consumed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the interaction between zeitgeber time (ZT) and GSPE consumption on the functionality of WAT in rats with diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a cafeteria diet for 9 weeks. After 5 weeks, the animals were supplemented with 25 mg GSPE/kg for 4 weeks at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or of the dark/active phase (ZT12). Body fat content was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and histological analyses were performed in the epididymal (EWAT) and inguinal (IWAT) fat depots to determine adipocyte size and number. In addition, the expression of genes related to adipose metabolism and circadian clock function were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS GSPE consumption at ZT0 was associated with a potential antidiabetic effect without affecting adiposity and energy intake and downregulating the gene expression of inflammatory markers in EWAT. In contrast, GSPE consumption at ZT12 improved adipose tissue expansion decreasing adipocyte size in IWAT. In accordance with this adipogenic activity, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were downregulated at ZT12 in IWAT. In turn, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, repressed the expression of the clock gene Cry1 in IWAT. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between ZT and GSPE consumption influenced the metabolic response of WAT in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding the impact of circadian clock on adipose metabolism and how this is regulated by polyphenols will provide new insights for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Romina M Rodríguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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11
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Queiroz-Glauss CP, Vieira MS, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Almeida SS, Freire RH, Gomes MA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Santiago HC. Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010105. [PMID: 35499991 PMCID: PMC9098094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections in weight gain and against the development of metabolic dysfunctions in the host. However, the mechanisms Treg cells exert in the helminth-obesity interface has been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to verify the influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in early stages of high fat diet-induced obesity. Principal findings The presence of infection was able to prevent exacerbated weight gain in mice fed with high fat diet when compared to non-infected controls. In addition, infected animals displayed improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fat accumulation in the liver. Obesity-associated inflammation was reduced in the presence of infection, demonstrated by lower levels of leptin and resistin, lower infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in adipose tissue, higher expression of IL10 and adiponectin, increased infiltration of Th2 and eosinophils in adipose tissue of infected animals. Of note, the parasite infection was associated with increased Treg frequency in adipose tissue which showed higher expression of cell surface markers of function and activation, like LAP and CD134. The infection could also increase adipose Treg suppressor function in animals on high fat diet. Conclusion These data suggest that H. polygyrus modulates adipose tissue Treg cells with implication for weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Helminth infections are known to modulate the immune system being responsible for protecting the host from developing allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hygiene Hypothesis). We hypothesized that the same immunomodulatory effect could have an impact on immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and its linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Weight disorders have reached epidemic levels, nearly tripling since 1975 and being responsible for almost 5 million premature deaths each year, but have been spared in areas of high helminth prevalence. To test our hypothesis C57BL/6 male mice were fed control or high fat diet, for five weeks, in the presence or not of infection with the worm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Weight gain, development of metabolic disorders, inflammation and cellular migration to the adipose tissue were evaluated. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the presence of infection prevented the exacerbated weight gain and also improved metabolic parameters in animals fed a high fat diet. This was associated with the infection’s ability to modulate parameters of a cell responsible for regulatory functions: Tregs. In the light of these findings, helminth infection could be protective against weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Queiroz-Glauss
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Helena Gonçalves-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Proteasome dysfunction disrupts adipogenesis and induces inflammation via ATF3. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101518. [PMID: 35636710 PMCID: PMC9194453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Park CS, Shastri N. The Role of T Cells in Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Metabolic Disease. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e13. [PMID: 35291655 PMCID: PMC8901709 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. Obesity alters the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the intestines from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory, which promotes low grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Various T cell subsets either help maintain metabolic homeostasis in healthy states or contribute to obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. In this review, we will discuss the T cell subsets that reside in adipose tissue and intestines and their role in the development of obesity-induced systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Martínez-Chacón G, Yatkin E, Polari L, Deniz Dinç D, Peuhu E, Hartiala P, Saarinen N, Mäkelä S. CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) stimulates aromatase gene expression in mammary adipose tissue. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21536. [PMID: 33913559 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902485rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Obesity-related inflammation upregulates aromatase expression, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis, in breast adipose tissue (BAT), increasing estrogen production and cancer risk. The regulation of aromatase gene (CYP19A1) in BAT is complex, and the mechanisms linking obesity and aromatase dysregulation are not fully understood. An obesity-associated factor that could regulate aromatase is the CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, a pro-inflammatory factor that also activates signaling pathways implicated in CYP19A1 transcription. By using human primary breast adipose stromal cells (ASCs) and aromatase reporter (hARO-Luc) mouse mammary adipose explants, we demonstrated that CCL2 enhances the glucocorticoid-mediated CYP19A1 transcription. The potential mechanism involves the activation of PI.4 via ERK1/2 pathway. We also showed that CCL2 contributes to the pro-inflammatory milieu and aromatase expression in obesity, evidenced by increased expression of CCL2 and CYP19A1 in mammary tissues from obese hARO-Luc mice, and subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese women. In summary, our results indicate that postmenopausal obesity may promote CCL2 production in BAT, leading to exacerbation of the menopause-related inflammatory state and further stimulation of local aromatase and estrogens. These results provide new insights into the regulation of aromatase and may aid in finding approaches to prevent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez-Chacón
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Defne Deniz Dinç
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Hartiala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital (TYS), Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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On the Role of Paraoxonase-1 and Chemokine Ligand 2 (C-C motif) in Metabolic Alterations Linked to Inflammation and Disease. A 2021 Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070971. [PMID: 34356595 PMCID: PMC8301931 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and many non-infectious diseases share common molecular mechanisms. Among them, oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory reaction are of particular note. Metabolic disorders induced by external agents, be they bacterial or viral pathogens, excessive calorie intake, poor-quality nutrients, or environmental factors produce an imbalance between the production of free radicals and endogenous antioxidant systems; the consequence being the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidation and inflammation are closely related, and whether oxidative stress and inflammation represent the causes or consequences of cellular pathology, both produce metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight two key molecules in the regulation of these processes: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). PON1 is an enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, participates in the protection conferred by HDL against different infectious agents, and is considered part of the innate immune system. With PON1 deficiency, CCL2 production increases, inducing migration and infiltration of immune cells in target tissues and disturbing normal metabolic function. This disruption involves pathways controlling cellular homeostasis as well as metabolically-driven chronic inflammatory states. Hence, an understanding of these relationships would help improve treatments and, as well, identify new therapeutic targets.
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16
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Kim HA, Baek KJ, Yun HY. Integrative proteomic network analyses support depot-specific roles for leucine rich repeat LGI family member 3 in adipose tissues. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:837. [PMID: 34149883 PMCID: PMC8200805 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LGI family member 3 (LGI3) is a member of the LGI protein family. In our previous studies, LGI3 was determined to be expressed in adipose tissues, skin and the brain, where it served as a pleiotropic cytokine. The results indicated that LGI3 levels are increased in adipose tissues of obese individuals in comparison with control individuals and that LGI3 suppressed adipogenesis via its receptor, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 23. Additionally, it was reported that LGI3 upregulates tumor necrosis factor-α and downregulated adiponectin and hypothesized that LGI3 may act as a proinflammatory adipokine involved in adipose tissue inflammation. In the present study, cytokine arrays were used to analyze cytokine levels in adipose tissues and plasma of LGI3-knockout mice and signaling protein arrays used to analyze the expression and phosphorylation of these proteins in LGI3-treated preadipocytes. The results suggested that expression levels of 129 gene products (24 cytokines and 105 signaling proteins) were altered in response to LGI3 deficiency or LGI3 treatment, respectively. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of LGI3-regulated gene products revealed that 94% of the gene products (21 cytokines and 100 signaling proteins) formed an interaction network cluster. Functional enrichment analysis for the LGI3-regulated gene products, including those from our previous studies, revealed an association with numerous biological processes, including inflammatory responses, cellular differentiation and development and metabolic regulation. Gene co-expression network analysis revealed that these LGI3-regulated gene products were involved in various biological processes in an overlapping and differential manner between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Notably, inflammatory responses were more strongly associated with the LGI3-regulated gene co-expression network in visceral adipose tissues than in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Analysis of expression quantitative trait loci identified four single nucleotide variants that affect expression of LGI3 in an adipose depot-specific manner. Taken together, the results suggested that LGI3 may serve depot-specific roles as an adipokine in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jin Baek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
Bariatric and metabolic surgery has evolved from simple experimental procedures for a chronic problem associated with significant morbidity into a sophisticated multidisciplinary treatment modality rooted in biology and physiology. Although the complete mechanistic narrative of bariatric surgery cannot yet be written, significant advance in knowledge has been made in the past 2 decades. This article provides a brief overview of the most studied hypotheses and their supporting evidence. Ongoing research, especially in frontier areas, such as the microbiome, will continue to refine, and perhaps even revise, current mechanistic understanding.
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18
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Li J, Liu L, Zhou W, Cai L, Xu Z, Rane MJ. Roles of Krüppel-like factor 5 in kidney disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2342-2355. [PMID: 33523554 PMCID: PMC7933973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a member of the Krüppel-like factors' (KLFs) family. KLF5 regulates a number of cellular functions, such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, KLF5 can play a role in many diseases, including, cancer, cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal disorders. An important role for KLF5 in the kidney was recently reported, such that KLF5 regulated podocyte apoptosis, renal cell proliferation, tubulointerstitial inflammation and renal fibrosis. In this review, we have summarized the available information in the literature with a brief description on how transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of KLF5 modulate its function in a variety of organs including the kidney with a focus of its importance on the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Furthermore, we also have outlined the current and possible mechanisms of KLF5 activation in kidney diseases. These studies suggest a need for more systemic investigations, particularly for generation of animal models with renal cell-specific deletion or overexpression of KLF5 gene to examine direct contributions of KLF5 to various kidney diseases. This will promote further experimentation in the development of therapies to prevent or treat various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of RadiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Wen‐Qian Zhou
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- The Center of Cardiovascular DiseasesThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of PediatricsPediatric Research InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Zhong‐Gao Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Madhavi J. Rane
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA
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19
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Ruigrok SR, Abbink MR, Geertsema J, Kuindersma JE, Stöberl N, van der Beek EM, Lucassen PJ, Schipper L, Korosi A. Effects of Early-Life Stress, Postnatal Diet Modulation and Long-Term Western-Style Diet on Peripheral and Central Inflammatory Markers. Nutrients 2021; 13:288. [PMID: 33498469 PMCID: PMC7909521 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ES) exposure increases the risk of developing obesity. Breastfeeding can markedly decrease this risk, and it is thought that the physical properties of the lipid droplets in human milk contribute to this benefit. A concept infant milk formula (IMF) has been developed that mimics these physical properties of human milk (Nuturis®, N-IMF). Previously, we have shown that N-IMF reduces, while ES increases, western-style diet (WSD)-induced fat accumulation in mice. Peripheral and central inflammation are considered to be important for obesity development. We therefore set out to test the effects of ES, Nuturis® and WSD on adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression and microglia in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. ES was induced in mice by limiting the nesting and bedding material from postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. Mice were fed a standard IMF (S-IMF) or N-IMF from P16 to P42, followed by a standard diet (STD) or WSD until P230. ES modulated adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression early in life, while N-IMF had lasting effects into adulthood. Centrally, ES led to a higher microglia density and more amoeboid microglia at P9. In adulthood, WSD increased the number of amoeboid microglia, and while ES exposure increased microglia coverage, Nuturis® reduced the numbers of amoeboid microglia upon the WSD challenge. These results highlight the impact of the early environment on central and peripheral inflammatory profiles, which may be key in the vulnerability to develop metabolic derangements later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie R. Ruigrok
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Maralinde R. Abbink
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Jorine Geertsema
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Jesse E. Kuindersma
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Nina Stöberl
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
| | | | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.R.); (M.R.A.); (J.G.); (J.E.K.); (N.S.); (P.J.L.)
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20
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Cortes-Selva D, Gibbs L, Maschek JA, Nascimento M, Van Ry T, Cox JE, Amiel E, Fairfax KC. Metabolic reprogramming of the myeloid lineage by Schistosoma mansoni infection persists independently of antigen exposure. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009198. [PMID: 33417618 PMCID: PMC7819610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a defined role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and cholesterol metabolism where alternative activation of macrophages is thought to be beneficial to both glucose and cholesterol metabolism during high fat diet induced disease. It is well established that helminth infection protects from metabolic disease, but the mechanisms underlying protection are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of Schistosoma mansoni infection and cytokine activation in the metabolic signatures of bone marrow derived macrophages using an approach that integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics in a metabolic disease prone mouse model. We demonstrate that bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) from S. mansoni infected male ApoE-/- mice have dramatically increased mitochondrial respiration compared to those from uninfected mice. This change is associated with increased glucose and palmitate shuttling into TCA cycle intermediates, increased accumulation of free fatty acids, and decreased accumulation of cellular cholesterol esters, tri and diglycerides, and is dependent on mgll activity. Systemic injection of IL-4 complexes is unable to recapitulate either reductions in systemic glucose AUC or the re-programing of BMDM mitochondrial respiration seen in infected males. Importantly, the metabolic reprogramming of male myeloid cells is transferrable via bone marrow transplantation to an uninfected host, indicating maintenance of reprogramming in the absence of sustained antigen exposure. Finally, schistosome induced metabolic and bone marrow modulation is sex-dependent, with infection protecting male, but not female mice from glucose intolerance and obesity. Our findings identify a transferable, long-lasting sex-dependent reprograming of the metabolic signature of macrophages by helminth infection, providing key mechanistic insight into the factors regulating the beneficial roles of helminth infection in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cortes-Selva
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Cores, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Marcia Nascimento
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - Tyler Van Ry
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Cores, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - James E Cox
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Cores, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Keke C Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana, United States of America
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21
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Abstract
As an important second messenger in adipocytes, calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential in regulating various intracellular signalling pathways that control critical cellular functions. Calcium channels show selective permeability to Ca2+ and facilitate Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm, which are normally located in the plasmatic and intracellular membranes. The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ modulates a variety of signalling pathways and results in the transcription of target genes that contribute to adipogenesis, a key cellular event includes proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte. In the past decades, the involvement of some Ca2+-permeable ion channels, such as Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated calcium channels and others, in adipogenesis has been extensively explored. In the present review, we provided a summary of the expression and contributions of these Ca2+-permeable channels in mediating Ca2+ influxes that drive adipogenesis. Moreover, we discussed their potentials as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhai
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Farkhondeh T, Llorens S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Shakibaei M, Samarghandian S. An Overview of the Role of Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5218. [PMID: 33182462 PMCID: PMC7665135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leads to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and a shortening of life span. The changes in heart structure and function as well as metabolic profile are caused by obese people, including those free of metabolic disorders. Obesity alters heart function structure and affects lipid and glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and increase inflammatory cytokines. Adipokines, specific cytokines of adipocytes, are involved in the progression of obesity and the associated co-morbidities. In the current study, we review the scientific evidence on the effects of obesity on CVDs, focusing on the changes in adipokines. Several adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects comprising omentin, apelin, adiponectin, and secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp-5). Other adipokines have pro-inflammatory impacts on the cardiovascular system and obesity including leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), retinol-binding protein4 (RBP-4), visfatin, resistin, and osteopontin. We found that obesity is associated with multiple CVDs, but can only occur in unhealthy metabolic patients. However, more studies should be designed to clarify the association between obesity, adipokine changes, and the occurrence of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
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23
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Penna E, Pizzella A, Cimmino F, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Catapano A, Allocca I, Chun JT, Campanozzi A, Messina G, Precenzano F, Lanzara V, Messina A, Monda V, Monda M, Perrone-Capano C, Mollica MP, Crispino M. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Effect of High-Fat Diet on Synaptic Plasticity and Mitochondrial Functions. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110805. [PMID: 33142719 PMCID: PMC7694125 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include diverse neuropathologies characterized by abnormal brain development leading to impaired cognition, communication and social skills. A common feature of NDDs is defective synaptic plasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially known. Several studies have indicated that people’s lifestyles such as diet pattern and physical exercise have significant influence on synaptic plasticity of the brain. Indeed, it has been reported that a high-fat diet (HFD, with 30–50% fat content), which leads to systemic low-grade inflammation, has also a detrimental effect on synaptic efficiency. Interestingly, metabolic alterations associated with obesity in pregnant woman may represent a risk factor for NDDs in the offspring. In this review, we have discussed the potential molecular mechanisms linking the HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions to altered synaptic plasticity underlying NDDs, with a special emphasis on the roles played by synaptic protein synthesis and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Amelia Pizzella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ivana Allocca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angelo Campanozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Precenzano
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Valentina Lanzara
- Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.P.); (V.L.)
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679990; Fax: +39-081-679233
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (G.T.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (I.A.); (M.C.)
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Zhang Q, Cai Z, Lhomme M, Sahana G, Lesnik P, Guerin M, Fredholm M, Karlskov-Mortensen P. Inclusion of endophenotypes in a standard GWAS facilitate a detailed mechanistic understanding of genetic elements that control blood lipid levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18434. [PMID: 33116219 PMCID: PMC7595098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, which is a serious human health problem in large parts of the world. Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate blood levels of cholesterol and other lipids. Discovery of genetic elements in the regulatory machinery is often based on genome wide associations studies (GWAS) focused on end-point phenotypes such as total cholesterol level or a disease diagnosis. In the present study, we add endophenotypes, such as serum levels of intermediate metabolites in the cholesterol synthesis pathways, to a GWAS analysis and use the pig as an animal model. We do this to increase statistical power and to facilitate biological interpretation of results. Although the study population was limited to ~ 300 individuals, we identify two genome-wide significant associations and ten suggestive associations. Furthermore, we identify 28 tentative associations to loci previously associated with blood lipids or dyslipidemia associated diseases. The associations with endophenotypes may inspire future studies that can dissect the biological mechanisms underlying these previously identified associations and add a new level of understanding to previously identified associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Bioinformatics Research Centre (BiRC), Aarhus University, C.F.Møllers Allé 8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Zexi Cai
- Center for Quantitativ Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Danmark
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICANalytics, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 47-83 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Goutam Sahana
- Center for Quantitativ Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Danmark
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Unité de Recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires, le métabolisme et la nutrition, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, 4ème étage, Bureau 421,91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- Unité de Recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires, le métabolisme et la nutrition, INSERM UMR_S 1166, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Université, 4ème étage, Bureau 421,91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics and Breeding, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 3, 1870, Frederikgsberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Karlskov-Mortensen
- Animal Genetics, Bioinformatics and Breeding, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 3, 1870, Frederikgsberg C, Denmark.
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25
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Dhawan D, Sharma S. Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines and Non-communicable Diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105737. [PMID: 32818561 PMCID: PMC7431389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity may be defined as excess deposits of fat in the abdominal region. It is a common health condition seen in South Asians and is positively related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is independent of body mass index and measured by raised waist circumference for men≥90 cm and women≥80 cm. The reason for its prevalence being common in Indians finds its root from pregnancy, during fetal period and has emerged as a concept of 'Thin Fat Indian'. Malnutrition in such a critical period of growth has consequences in the form of reduced basal metabolic rate (BMR), reduced blood flow to growing tissues, reduced functional ability of vital organs, endocrine changes and reduced capacity of primary adipose tissue. However, excess of visceral fat facilitates high dosage of adipokines in the portal vein to liver and other body tissues having serious implications seen in the form NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, kidney disorders, cancer and other health problems. Abdominal obesity should be addressed before it has progressed further to defined health issues by exercise and diet, so that people can live a quality life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Amity University, Haryana, Gurgaon, India; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sheel Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Interplay between Peripheral and Central Inflammation in Obesity-Promoted Disorders: The Impact on Synaptic Mitochondrial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175964. [PMID: 32825115 PMCID: PMC7504224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic dysfunctions induced by high fat diet (HFD) consumption are not limited to organs involved in energy metabolism but cause also a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that affects the whole body including the central nervous system. The brain has been considered for a long time to be protected from systemic inflammation by the blood–brain barrier, but more recent data indicated an association between obesity and neurodegeneration. Moreover, obesity-related consequences, such as insulin and leptin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, may anticipate and accelerate the physiological aging processes characterized by systemic inflammation and higher susceptibility to neurological disorders. Here, we discussed the link between obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, with particular attention to molecules regulating the interplay between energetic impairment and altered synaptic plasticity, for instance AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The effects of HFD-induced neuroinflammation on neuronal plasticity may be mediated by altered brain mitochondrial functions. Since mitochondria play a key role in synaptic areas, providing energy to support synaptic plasticity and controlling ROS production, the negative effects of HFD may be more pronounced in synapses. In conclusion, it will be emphasized how HFD-induced metabolic alterations, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and impaired brain plasticity are tightly interconnected processes, implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
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27
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Chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 overexpression drives tissue-specific metabolic responses in the liver and muscle of mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11954. [PMID: 32686726 PMCID: PMC7371894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has been associated with chronic metabolic diseases. We aimed to investigate whether Ccl2 gene overexpression is involved in the regulation of signaling pathways in metabolic organs. Biochemical and histological analyses were used to explore tissue damage in cisgenic mice that overexpressed the Ccl2 gene. Metabolites from energy and one-carbon metabolism in liver and muscle extracts were measured by targeted metabolomics. Western blot analysis was used to explore the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Ccl2 overexpression resulted in steatosis, decreased AMPK activity and altered mitochondrial dynamics in the liver. These changes were associated with decreased oxidative phosphorylation and alterations in the citric acid cycle and transmethylation. In contrast, AMPK activity and its downstream mediators were increased in muscle, where we observed an increase in oxidative phosphorylation and increased concentrations of different metabolites associated with ATP synthesis. In conclusion, Ccl2 overexpression induces distinct metabolic alterations in the liver and muscle that affect mitochondrial dynamics and the regulation of energy sensors involved in cell homeostasis. These data suggest that CCL2 may be a therapeutic target in metabolic diseases.
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28
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Khim KW, Choi SS, Jang HJ, Lee YH, Lee E, Hyun JM, Eom HJ, Yoon S, Choi JW, Park TE, Nam D, Choi JH. PPM1A Controls Diabetic Gene Programming through Directly Dephosphorylating PPARγ at Ser273. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020343. [PMID: 32024237 PMCID: PMC7072254 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipose tissue biology. In obesity, phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273 (pSer273) by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) orchestrates diabetic gene reprogramming via dysregulation of specific gene expression. Although many recent studies have focused on the development of non-classical agonist drugs that inhibit the phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273, the molecular mechanism of PPARγ dephosphorylation at Ser273 is not well characterized. Here, we report that protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A) is a novel PPARγ phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates Ser273 and restores diabetic gene expression which is dysregulated by pSer273. The expression of PPM1A significantly decreases in two models of insulin resistance: diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and db/db mice, in which it negatively correlates with pSer273. Transcriptomic analysis using microarray and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) data in humans shows positive correlations between PPM1A and most of the genes that are dysregulated by pSer273. These findings suggest that PPM1A dephosphorylates PPARγ at Ser273 and represents a potential target for the treatment of obesity-linked metabolic disorders.
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29
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Lu Y, Ma J, Zhao J, Song Z, Zhou C, Liu X, Teng W, Wang W, Zhang Q, Yan W, Jiao P. The Role of MKP-5 in Adipocyte-Macrophage Interactions during Obesity. Obes Facts 2020; 13:86-101. [PMID: 31962332 PMCID: PMC7098294 DOI: 10.1159/000505343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In obese individuals, chronic low-grade inflammation resulting from adipocyte-macrophage interactions is a major cause of adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic disease. This study investigated the role of MAP kinase phosphatase-5 (MKP-5) in obesity-induced inflammation during macrophage and adipocyte interactions. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obese mice were used to explore the role of MKP-5 in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Macrophage polarization was determined by inflammatory cytokine expression in MKP-5-overexpressed or -silenced Raw264.7 cells exposed to palmitate (PA) or M1/M2 macrophage inducers. To uncover the role of MKP-5 during macrophage-adipocyte interactions, a coculture system composed of differentiated 3T3-L1 and Raw264.7 cells was employed. MAPK inhibitors were used to investigate the involvement of MAPK signaling. RESULTS Increased MKP-5 expression was observed in adipose stromal vascular cells (SVCs) of obese mice. In Raw264.7 cells, MKP-5 promoted the switching of M1 macrophages to an M2 phenotype. Notably, MKP-5 reduced inflammation during the interaction of macrophages and adipocytes. MKP-5 overexpression in primary SVCs attenuated the expression of inflammatory mediators and increased the number of obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophages. MKP-5 suppressed PA-induced inflammation through the inactivation of P38, JNK, and ERK MAPKs. CONCLUSIONS MKP-5 promotes macrophages to switch from the M1 to the M2 phenotype and is an inflammatory inhibitor involved in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and PA-triggered macrophage inflammation via the P38, JNK, and ERK MAPK pathways. MKP-5 may be developed into a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Ma
- *Ping Jiao or Jie Ma, Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1163, Changchun 130021 (China), E-Mail or
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Jiao
- *Ping Jiao or Jie Ma, Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1163, Changchun 130021 (China), E-Mail or
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30
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Koc M, Šiklová M, Šrámková V, Štěpán M, Krauzová E, Štich V, Rossmeislová L. Signs of Deregulated Gene Expression Are Present in Both CD14 + and CD14 - PBMC From Non-Obese Men With Family History of T2DM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:582732. [PMID: 33658980 PMCID: PMC7917286 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.582732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with disturbances in immune and metabolic status that may be reflected by an altered gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To reveal a potential family predisposition to these alterations, we investigated the regulation of gene expression profiles in circulating CD14+ and CD14- PBMC in fasting conditions and in response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in glucose tolerant first-degree relatives (FDR) of T2DM patients and in control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is based on the clinical study LIMEX (NCT03155412). Non-obese 12 non-diabetic (FDR), and 12 control men without family history of diabetes matched for age and BMI underwent OGTT. Blood samples taken before and at the end of OGTT were used for isolation of circulating CD14+ and CD14- PBMC. In these cells, mRNA levels of 94 genes related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immunity, and inflammation were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS Irrespectively of the group, the majority of analyzed genes had different mRNA expression in CD14+ PBMC compared to CD14- PBMC in the basal (fasting) condition. Seven genes (IRS1, TLR2, TNFα in CD14+ PBMC; ABCA1, ACOX1, ATGL, IL6 in CD14- PBMC) had different expression in control vs. FDR groups. OGTT regulated mRNA levels of nine genes selectively in CD14+ PBMC and of two genes (ABCA1, PFKL) selectively in CD14-PBMC. Differences in OGTT-induced response between FDR and controls were observed for EGR2, CCL2 in CD14+ PBMC and for ABCA1, ACOX1, DGAT2, MLCYD, and PTGS2 in CD14- PBMC. CONCLUSION This study revealed a different impact of glucose challenge on gene expression in CD14+ when compared with CD14- PBMC fractions and suggested possible impact of family predisposition to T2DM on basal and OGTT-induced gene expression in these PBMC fractions. Future studies on these putative alterations of inflammation and lipid metabolism in fractionated PBMC in larger groups of subjects are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Koc
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Šiklová
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Veronika Šrámková
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Marek Štěpán
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Krauzová
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Štich
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Inserm, Toulouse, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department for Pathophysiology, Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, and Inserm, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Lenka Rossmeislová,
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31
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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32
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Winn NC, Jurrissen TJ, Grunewald ZI, Cunningham RP, Woodford ML, Kanaley JA, Lubahn DB, Manrique-Acevedo C, Rector RS, Vieira-Potter VJ, Padilla J. Estrogen receptor-α signaling maintains immunometabolic function in males and is obligatory for exercise-induced amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E156-E167. [PMID: 30512987 PMCID: PMC6397364 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00259.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) signaling in immunometabolic function is established in females. However, its necessity in males, while appreciated, requires further study. Accordingly, we first determined whether lower metabolic function in male mice compared with females is related to reduced ERα expression. ERα protein expression in metabolically active tissues was lower in males than in females, and this lower expression was associated with worse glucose tolerance. Second, we determined whether ERα is required for optimal immunometabolic function in male mice consuming a chow diet. Despite lower expression of ERα in males, its genetic ablation (KO) caused an insulin-resistant phenotype characterized by enhanced adiposity, glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and metaflammation in adipose tissue and liver. Last, we determined whether ERα is essential for exercise-induced metabolic adaptations. Twelve-week-old wild-type (WT) and ERα KO mice either remained sedentary (SED) or were given access to running wheels (WR) for 10 wk while fed an obesogenic diet. Body weight and fat mass were lower in WR mice regardless of genotype. Daily exercise obliterated immune cell infiltration and inflammatory gene transcripts in adipose tissue in both genotypes. In the liver, however, wheel running suppressed hepatic steatosis and inflammatory gene transcripts in WT but not in KO mice. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that ERα is required for optimal immunometabolic function in male mice despite their reduced ERα protein expression in metabolically active tissues. Furthermore, for the first time, we show that ERα signaling appears to be obligatory for exercise-induced prevention of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rory P Cunningham
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Makenzie L Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Hospital, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
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Pujar MK, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated with Subcutaneous Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020037. [PMID: 30678306 PMCID: PMC6406848 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is present in the majority of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the key genes and potential molecular mechanism in insulin resistance. Expression profiles of the genes were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were conducted at Enrichr. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was settled and analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database constructed by Cytoscape software. Modules were extracted and identified by the PEWCC1 plugin. The microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) which control the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the NetworkAnalyst algorithm. A database (GSE73108) was downloaded from the GEO databases. Our results identified 873 DEGs (435 up-regulated and 438 down-regulated) genetically associated with insulin resistance. The pathways which were enriched were pathways in complement and coagulation cascades and complement activation for up-regulated DEGs, while biosynthesis of amino acids and the Notch signaling pathway were among the down-regulated DEGs. Showing GO enrichment were cardiac muscle cell–cardiac muscle cell adhesion and microvillus membrane for up-regulated DEGs and negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation and dendrites for down-regulated DEGs. Subsequently, myosin VB (MYO5B), discs, large homolog 2(DLG2), axin 2 (AXIN2), protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), Notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1), androgen receptor (AR), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3) were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the up- and down-regulated PPI network and modules. In addition, GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 5 (ENPP5), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and tubulin, beta 2A (TUBB2A) were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the up- and down-regulated target gene–miRNA network, while tubulin, beta 2A (TUBB2A), olfactomedin-like 1 (OLFML1), prostate adrogen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1 (ALDH4A1)were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the up- and down-regulated target gene–TF network. The current study based on the GEO database provides a novel understanding regarding the mechanism of insulin resistance and may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pujar
- Department of Medicine, Pooja Hospital, Davangere577002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karanataka, India.
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Rahman MS. Prostacyclin: A major prostaglandin in the regulation of adipose tissue development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3254-3262. [PMID: 30431153 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) belong to the group lipid mediators and can act as local hormones. They contain 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring, and are biosynthesized from membrane phospholipid derived arachidonic acid through the arachidonate cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway with the help of various terminal synthase enzymes. Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 ) is one of the major prostanoids produced with the help of prostacyclin synthase (prostaglandin I2 synthase) enzyme and rapidly hydrolyzed into 6-keto-PGF1α in biological fluids. Obesity indicates an excess of body adiposity, which is globally considered as one of the major health disasters responsible for developing complex pathological situations in the human body. Adipose tissues can produce various PGs, and thus, the level and the molecular activity of these endogenously synthesized PGs are considered critical for the development of obesity. In this regard, the involvement of prostacyclin in adipogenesis has been studied in the last few decades. The current review, along with the background of other related PGs, presents the several molecular aspects of endogenous prostaglandin I2 in adipose tissue development. Especially, the regulation of life cycle of adipocytes, impact on terminal differentiation, activity through prostacyclin receptor (IP), autocrine-paracrine manner, thermogenic adipose tissue remodeling and some future experimental aspects of prostacyclin have been focused upon in this study. This discussion might assist to develop new drug molecules acting on the signaling pathways of prostacyclin and devise therapeutic strategies for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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35
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Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells direct macrophage polarization to alleviate pancreatic islets dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:760. [PMID: 29988034 PMCID: PMC6037817 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is recognized as a fundamental pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in protection of islets function in T2D individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. It is widely accepted that β-cell dysfunction is closely related to improper accumulation of macrophages in the islets, and a series of reports suggest that MSCs possess great immunomodulatory properties by which they could elicit macrophages into an anti-inflammatory M2 state. In this study, we induced a T2D mouse model with a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ), and then performed human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) infusion to investigate whether the effect of MSCs on islets protection was related to regulation on macrophages in pancreatic islets. hUC-MSCs infusion exerted anti-diabetic effects and significantly promoted islets recovery in T2D mice. Interestingly, pancreatic inflammation was remarkably suppressed, and local M1 macrophages were directed toward an anti-inflammatory M2-like state after hUC-MSC infusion. In vitro study also proved that hUC-MSCs inhibited the activation of the M1 phenotype and induced the generation of the M2 phenotype in isolated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and in THP-1 cells. Further analysis showed that M1-stimulated hUC-MSCs increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, blocking which by small interfering RNA (siRNA) largely abrogated the hUC-MSCs effects on macrophages both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in dampened restoration of β-cell function and glucose homeostasis in T2D mice. In addition, MCP-1 was found to work in accordance with IL-6 in directing macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 state. These data may provide new clues for searching for the target of β-cell protection. Furthermore, hUC-MSCs may be a superior alternative in treating T2D for their macrophage polarization effects.
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36
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Hawkins LJ, Al-Attar R, Storey KB. Transcriptional regulation of metabolism in disease: From transcription factors to epigenetics. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5062. [PMID: 29922517 PMCID: PMC6005171 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in an individual has largely the same genomic sequence and yet cells in different tissues can present widely different phenotypes. This variation arises because each cell expresses a specific subset of genomic instructions. Control over which instructions, or genes, are expressed is largely controlled by transcriptional regulatory pathways. Each cell must assimilate a huge amount of environmental input, and thus it is of no surprise that transcription is regulated by many intertwining mechanisms. This large regulatory landscape means there are ample possibilities for problems to arise, which in a medical context means the development of disease states. Metabolism within the cell, and more broadly, affects and is affected by transcriptional regulation. Metabolism can therefore contribute to improper transcriptional programming, or pathogenic metabolism can be the result of transcriptional dysregulation. Here, we discuss the established and emerging mechanisms for controling transcription and how they affect metabolism in the context of pathogenesis. Cis- and trans-regulatory elements, microRNA and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA and histone methylation, all have input into what genes are transcribed. Each has also been implicated in diseases such as metabolic syndrome, various forms of diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of these areas and highlight some natural models that may inspire future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J Hawkins
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rasha Al-Attar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kashyap S, Osman M, Ferguson CM, Nath MC, Roy B, Lien KR, Nath KA, Garovic VD, Lerman LO, Grande JP. Ccl2 deficiency protects against chronic renal injury in murine renovascular hypertension. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8598. [PMID: 29872089 PMCID: PMC5988825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal and cardiovascular disease in renovascular hypertension (RVH). Ccl2 is an important mediator of inflammation, and is induced within 24 hours following surgery to establish RVH in the murine 2 kidney 1 clip model, a time prior to onset of interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, or tubular atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that Ccl2 deficiency protects the stenotic kidney (STK) from development of chronic renal damage in mice with renovascular hypertension due to renal artery stenosis (RAS). RAS surgery was performed on wild type (WT) and Ccl2 knock out (KO) mice; animals were studied for four weeks. Renal blood flow was reduced to similar extent in both WT and Ccl2 KO mice with RVH. Perfusion of the stenotic kidney was significantly reduced in Ccl2 KO mice as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Stenotic kidney volume in WT, but not in Ccl2 KO mice, was significantly reduced following surgery. Cortical hypoxia was observed in the stenotic kidney of Ccl2 KO mice, as assessed by blood oxygen level-dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI). Ccl2 KO mice showed less cortical atrophy than WT RAS mice. Ccl2 deficiency reduced the number of infiltrating mononuclear cells and expression of Ccl5, Ccl7, Ccl8, Ccr2 and Cd206. We conclude that Ccl2 is a critical mediator of chronic renal injury in RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kashyap
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mazen Osman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Meryl C Nath
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karen R Lien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph P Grande
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Doumatey AP, He WJ, Gaye A, Lei L, Zhou J, Gibbons GH, Adeyemo A, Rotimi CN. Circulating MiR-374a-5p is a potential modulator of the inflammatory process in obesity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7680. [PMID: 29769661 PMCID: PMC5955981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals without expected metabolic co-morbidities are referred to as metabolically healthy obese (MHO). The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain elusive. MicroRNAs may be involved in the MHO phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we screened 179 serum miRNAs in 20 African-American women (10 MHOs and 10 metabolically abnormal obese individuals -MAO). We identified 8 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) with validation in an independent sample of 64 MHO and 34 MAO. Of the eight DEMs in the screening phase (p ≤ 0.05), miR-374a-5p remained significant (p = 0.04) with directional consistency in the validation sample. Ingenuity Pathway analysis revealed that miR-374a-5p putatively targeted 37 mRNAs (e.g. chemokines and transcription factors) which are members of canonical pathways involved in inflammation (IL-17A signaling) and lipid metabolism. Analysis restricted to adipocytes, the main source of circulating miRNAs in obesity, identified 3 mRNAs (CCL2, STEAP2, EN1) as the main target of miR-374a-5p. Evaluation of the 3 mRNAs in an independent sample showed that CCL2 was significantly downregulated (p = 0.0005). In summary, MiR-374a-5p is upregulated in MHO compared to MAO individuals and appears to show association with downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers that are linked to insulin resistance. Given the correlative nature of our findings, functional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo P Doumatey
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - William J He
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Johns Hopkins University, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amadou Gaye
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lin Lei
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gary H Gibbons
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,The Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Caldas APS, Coelho OGL, Bressan J. Cranberry antioxidant power on oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial damage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1409758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
Accumulating research substantiates the statement that inflammation plays an important role in the development of stroke. Both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, an imbalance of which leads to inflammation. Anti-inflammation is a kind of hopeful strategy for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Substantial studies have demonstrated that minocycline, a second-generation semisynthetic antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline family, can inhibit neuroinflammation, inflammatory mediators and microglia activation, and improve neurological outcome. Experimental and clinical data have found the preclinical and clinical potential of minocycline in the treatment of stroke due to its anti-inflammation properties and anti-inflammation-induced pathogeneses, including antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, inhibiting leukocyte migration and microglial activation, and decreasing matrix metalloproteinases activity. Hence, it suggests a great future for minocycline in the therapeutics of stroke that diminish the inflammatory progress of stroke.
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41
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Zand H, Morshedzadeh N, Naghashian F. Signaling pathways linking inflammation to insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S307-S309. [PMID: 28365222 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is closely linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic inflammation is one of the main causes of insulin resistance. Insulin pathway is very important for the regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, growth and mitogenic. Proinflammatory mediators can be related to obesity and induce insulin- resistance in adipose tissue. Signaling pathways of transcription factors, particularly NF-κB signaling, are involved in insulin-sensitivity. In addition, the crosstalk between M1-M2 macrophage polarizing plays an essential role in insulin resistance by switching from an M1 to an M2 phenotype and also activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP1. Here, we focus on the roles of transcription factors in inflammation-induced insulin resistance and their involvement in pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zand
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nava Morshedzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46 No., West Arghavan Ave., Shahid Farahzadi Blv., Shahrak-e Gharb, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnush Naghashian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Barić A, Brčić L, Gračan S, Torlak Lovrić V, Gunjača I, Šimunac M, Brekalo M, Boban M, Polašek O, Barbalić M, Zemunik T, Punda A, Boraska Perica V. Association of established hypothyroidism-associated genetic variants with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1061-1067. [PMID: 28382505 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) as a chronic autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Since HT and hypothyroidism are closely related, the main aim of this study was to explore the association of established hypothyroidism single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with HT. METHODS The case-control dataset included 200 HT cases and 304 controls. Diagnosis of HT cases was based on clinical examination, measurement of thyroid antibodies (TgAb, TPOAb), hormones (TSH and FT4) and ultrasound examination. We genotyped and analysed 11 known hypothyroidism-associated genetic variants. Case-control association analysis was performed in order to test each SNP for the association with HT using logistic regression model. Additionally, each SNP was tested for the association with thyroid-related quantitative traits (TPOAb levels, TgAb levels and thyroid volume) in HT cases only using linear regression. RESULTS We identified two genetic variants nominally associated with HT rs3184504 in SH2B3 gene (P = 0.0135, OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.57-0.95) and rs4704397 in PDE8B gene (P = 0.0383, OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.01-1.74). The SH2B3 genetic variant also showed nominal association with TPOAb levels (P = 0.0163, β = -0.46) and rs4979402 inside DFNB31 gene was nominally associated with TgAb levels (P = 0.0443, β = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS SH2B3 gene has previously been associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases, whereas PDE8B has been associated with TSH levels and suggested to modulate thyroid physiology that may influence the manifestation of thyroid disease. Identified loci are novel and biologically plausible candidates for HT development and represent good basis for further exploration of HT susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - L Brčić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - S Gračan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Torlak Lovrić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - I Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - M Šimunac
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - M Brekalo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - M Boban
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - O Polašek
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - M Barbalić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - T Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - A Punda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Boraska Perica
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
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43
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Silva Caldas AP, Chaves LO, Linhares Da Silva L, De Castro Morais D, Gonçalves Alfenas RDC. Mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effect of avocado consumption: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1352601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Departament of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Yi ZJ, Gong JP, Zhang W. Transcriptional co-regulator RIP140: An important mediator of the inflammatory response and its associated diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:994-1000. [PMID: 28586037 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a physiological process that is essential for maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. Inflammation is classified into acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, both of which pose a risk to human health. However, specific regulatory mechanisms of the inflammatory response remain to be elucidated. Receptor interacting protein (RIP) 140 is a nuclear receptor that affects an extensive array of biological and pathological processes in the body, including energy metabolism, inflammation and tumorigenesis. RIP140‑mediated macrophage polarization is important in regulating the inflammatory response. Overexpression of RIP140 in macrophages results in M1‑like polarization and expansion during the inflammatory response. Conversely, decreased expression of RIP140 in macrophages reduces the number of M1‑like macrophages and increases the number of alternatively polarized cells, which collectively promote endotoxin tolerance (ET) and relieve inflammation. This review summarizes the role of RIP140 in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, with a focus on insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, sepsis and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400010, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Jianyang, Jianyang, Sichuan 641400, P.R. China
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45
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Fort-Gallifa I, Hernández-Aguilera A, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Simó JM, Martín-Paredero V, Camps J, Joven J. Galectin-3 in Peripheral Artery Disease. Relationships with Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050973. [PMID: 28471381 PMCID: PMC5454886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a modulator of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. The present study sought to characterize, in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), the localization of galectin-3 in arterial tissue, and to analyze the relationships between the circulating levels of galectin-3 and oxidative stress and inflammation. It also sought to compare the diagnostic accuracy of galectin-3 with that of other biochemical markers of this disease. We analyzed femoral or popliteal arteries from 50 PAD patients, and four control arteries. Plasma from 86 patients was compared with that from 72 control subjects. We observed differences in the expression of galectin-3 in normal arteries, and arteries from patients with PAD, with a displacement of the expression from the adventitia to the media, and the intima. In addition, plasma galectin-3 concentration was increased in PAD patients, and correlated with serologic markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes), and inflammation [chemokine (C−C motif) ligand 2, C-reactive protein, β-2-microglobulin]. We conclude that the determination of galectin-3 has good diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of PAD and compares well with other analytical parameters currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
- Reference Laboratory of Catalonia South, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Cambra de Comerç 42, Reus, 43204 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep M Simó
- Reference Laboratory of Catalonia South, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Cambra de Comerç 42, Reus, 43204 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, Tarragona, 43005 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Camps
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biochemical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus, 43201 Catalonia, Spain.
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Membrane Lipid Replacement for chronic illnesses, aging and cancer using oral glycerolphospholipid formulations with fructooligosaccharides to restore phospholipid function in cellular membranes, organelles, cells and tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1704-1724. [PMID: 28432031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement is the use of functional, oral supplements containing mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, plus fructooligosaccharides (for protection against oxidative, bile acid and enzymatic damage) and antioxidants, in order to safely replace damaged, oxidized, membrane phospholipids and restore membrane, organelle, cellular and organ function. Defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions, including cancer, and normal processes, such as aging. Once the replacement glycerolphospholipids have been ingested, dispersed, complexed and transported, while being protected by fructooligosaccharides and several natural mechanisms, they can be inserted into cell membranes, lipoproteins, lipid globules, lipid droplets, liposomes and other carriers. They are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes. Inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules, liposomes, membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer. Eventually they arrive at their membrane destinations due to 'bulk flow' principles, and there they can stimulate the natural removal and replacement of damaged membrane lipids while undergoing further enzymatic alterations. Clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients. Recently Membrane Lipid Replacement has been used to reduce pain and other symptoms as well as removing hydrophobic chemical contaminants, suggesting that there are additional new uses for this safe, natural medicine supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4SG, UK
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Shen Q, Yang Y, Liu W, Wang M, Shao Y, Xu B, Zhao X, Zhu J, Hua R, Jin W, Hu Z, Kim JB, Wang Q, Li Y, Zang M, Yao Q, Zhang Z. Organ-specific alterations in circadian genes by vertical sleeve gastrectomy in an obese diabetic mouse model. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:467-469. [PMID: 29277847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Shen
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yikai Shao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Regulating Obesity-Induced Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:65-86. [PMID: 29224091 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and non-metabolic complications due to obesity are becoming more prevalent, yet our understanding of the mechanisms driving these is not. This is due to individual risk factor variability making it difficult to predict disease outcomes such as diabetes and insulin resistance. Gender is a critical factor in obesity outcomes with women having more adiposity but reduced metabolic complications compared to men. The role of immune system activation during obesity is an emerging field that links adiposity to metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, evidence from animal models suggests that sex differences exist in immune responses and, therefore, could be a possible mechanism leading to sex differences in metabolic disease. While there is still much to learn in the area of sex-differences research, this chapter will review the current knowledge and literature detailing the role of sex and sex hormones on adiposity and metabolically induced inflammation in obesity.
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Adami GF, Scopinaro N, Cordera R. Adipokine Pattern After Bariatric Surgery: Beyond the Weight Loss. Obes Surg 2016; 26:2793-2801. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fort-Gallifa I, García-Heredia A, Hernández-Aguilera A, Simó JM, Sepúlveda J, Martín-Paredero V, Camps J, Joven J. Biochemical indices of oxidative stress and inflammation in the evaluation of peripheral artery disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:568-576. [PMID: 27449545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate changes in indices of oxidative stress and inflammation in the evaluation of peripheral artery disease (PAD); (2) to compare the diagnostic efficacy of these parameters with that of classical clinical laboratory routine parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 115 patients with PAD and 300 healthy volunteers. RESULTS PAD patients had significantly increased circulating concentrations of F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), β-2-microglobulin (B2M), and decreased paraoxonase-1 (PON1) levels. When patients were classified according to the Fontaine score, we observed important increases in plasma F2-isoprostanes and CCL2 that appeared in milder stages of the disease, and remained so at similar levels in more advanced stages; almost no overlapping with the control group was noted. Receiver operating characteristics analysis comparing patients and controls revealed that the areas under the curve for F2-isoprostanes and CCL2 approached unity [0.999 (0.998-1.000) and 0.993 (0.985-1.000)], respectively, and significantly higher to those of the other measured parameters. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that F2-isoprostanes and CCL2 measurements may be useful tools for the diagnosis of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya SUD, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Simó
- Laboratori de Referència de Catalunya SUD, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endocirurgia, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endocirurgia, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica (URB-CRB), Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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