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D'Orsogna LJ, Holdsworth R. CHAR T-cells: Transplant immunology to (re)enter the field of personalised medicine? HLA 2023; 102:433-435. [PMID: 37664903 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd J D'Orsogna
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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May FNJ, Rees MT, Griffin S, Fildes JE. Understanding immunological response to desensitisation strategies in highly sensitised potential kidney transplant patients. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 35:100596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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3
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Abbas K, Mubarak M, Zafar MN, Musharraf W, Imam M, Aziz T, Rizvi AH. Management of Plasma Cell-Rich Acute Rejection in Living-Related Kidney Transplant: Role of Proteasome Inhibitor. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2019. [PMID: 29534661 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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4
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Santos RDLA, Bai L, Singh PK, Murakami N, Fan H, Zhan W, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Zhang K, Assker JP, Nathan CF, Li H, Azzi J, Lin G. Structure of human immunoproteasome with a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor that selectively inhibits activated lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1692. [PMID: 29167449 PMCID: PMC5700161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors benefit patients with multiple myeloma and B cell-dependent autoimmune disorders but exert toxicity from inhibition of proteasomes in other cells. Toxicity should be minimized by reversible inhibition of the immunoproteasome β5i subunit while sparing the constitutive β5c subunit. Here we report β5i-selective inhibition by asparagine-ethylenediamine (AsnEDA)-based compounds and present the high-resolution cryo-EM structural analysis of the human immunoproteasome. Despite inhibiting noncompetitively, an AsnEDA inhibitor binds the active site. Hydrophobic interactions are accompanied by hydrogen bonding with β5i and β6 subunits. The inhibitors are far more cytotoxic for myeloma and lymphoma cell lines than for hepatocarcinoma or non-activated lymphocytes. They block human B-cell proliferation and promote apoptotic cell death selectively in antibody-secreting B cells, and to a lesser extent in activated human T cells. Reversible, β5i-selective inhibitors may be useful for treatment of diseases involving activated or neoplastic B cells or activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Bai
- Cryo-EM Structural Biology Laboratory, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wenhu Zhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yingrong Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiuju Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Assker
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Cryo-EM Structural Biology Laboratory, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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5
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Singh PK, Fan H, Jiang X, Shi L, Nathan CF, Lin G. Immunoproteasome β5i-Selective Dipeptidomimetic Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2127-2131. [PMID: 27561172 PMCID: PMC5760267 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N,C-capped dipeptides belong to a class of noncovalent proteasome inhibitors. Herein we report that the insertion of a β-amino acid into N,C-capped dipeptides markedly decreases their inhibitory potency against human constitutive proteasome β5c, while maintaining potent inhibitory activity against human immunoproteasome β5i, thereby achieving thousands-fold selectivity for β5i over β5c. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that β5c does not tolerate the β-amino acid based dipeptidomimetics as does β5i. In vitro, one such compound was found to inhibit human T cell proliferation. Compounds of this class may have potential as therapeutics for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with less mechanism-based cytotoxicity than agents that also inhibit the constitutive proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, The Abby and Howard Milstein Synthetic Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xiuju Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Galián JA, Mrowiec A, Muro M. Molecular targets on B-cells to prevent and treat antibody-mediated rejection in organ transplantation. Present and Future. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:859-67. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1135904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Galián
- Immunology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Mrowiec
- Immunology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Head of Regional Histocompatibility and Transplant Immunology Laboratory (LRHI), Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
- Net of Biomedical Research in Digestive and Liver Diseases (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
B cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritides and transplant rejection. B cells secrete antibodies that contribute to tissue injury via multiple mechanisms. In addition, B cells contribute to disease pathogenesis in autoimmunity and alloimmunity by presenting antigens as well as providing costimulation and cytokines to T cells. B cells also play an immunomodulatory role in regulating the immune response by secreting cytokines that inhibit disease onset and/or progression. B cell-targeted approaches for treating immune diseases of the kidney and other organs have gained significant momentum. However, much remains to be understood about B-cell biology in order to determine the timing, duration, and context of optimal therapeutic response to B cell-targeted approaches. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of B cells as enhancers and regulators of immunity with relevance to kidney disease and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Departments of Medicine (Renal-Electrolyte), Surgery, and Immunology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and
| | - Geetha Chalasani
- Departments of Medicine (Renal-Electrolyte), Surgery, and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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8
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Fan H, Angelo NG, Warren JD, Nathan CF, Lin G. Oxathiazolones Selectively Inhibit the Human Immunoproteasome over the Constitutive Proteasome. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:405-10. [PMID: 24900849 DOI: 10.1021/ml400531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibitors for the human immunoproteasome LMP7 (β5i) subunit over the constitutive proteasome hold promise for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and hematologic malignancies. Here we report that oxathiazolones inhibit the immunoproteasome β5i with up to 4700-fold selectivity over the constitutive proteasome, are cell permeable, and inhibit proteasomes inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nicholas G. Angelo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - J. David Warren
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Carl F. Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Armstead SI, Hellmark T, Wieslander J, Zhou XJ, Saxena R, Rajora N. A Case of Alport Syndrome with Posttransplant Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease despite Negative Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies by EIA Treated with Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Case Rep Transplant 2013; 2013:164016. [PMID: 24363950 PMCID: PMC3865643 DOI: 10.1155/2013/164016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplant antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease occurs in approximately 5% of Alport patients and usually ends in irreversible graft failure. Recent research has focused on characterizing the structure of the anti-GBM alloepitope. Here we present a case of a 22-year-old male with end-stage renal disease secondary to Alport syndrome, with a previously failed renal allograft, who received a second deceased-donor kidney transplant. Six days after transplantation, he developed acute kidney injury. The serum anti-GBM IgG was negative by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). On biopsy, he had crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear GBM fixation of IgG. With further analysis by western blotting, we were able to detect antibodies to an unidentified protein from the basement membrane. This patient was treated with plasmapheresis twice per week and monthly intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for a total of five months. At the end of treatment, these unknown antibodies were no longer detected. His renal function improved, and he has not required dialysis. We conclude that anti-GBM disease in patients with Alport Syndrome may be caused by circulating antibodies to other components of the basement membrane that are undetectable by routine anti-GBM EIA and may respond to treatment with plasmapheresis and IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko I. Armstead
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | - Xin J. Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
- Renal Path Diagnostics, Pathologists BioMedical Laboratories, Lewisville, TX 75067, USA
| | - Ramesh Saxena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nilum Rajora
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Kalluri HV, Hardinger KL. Current state of renal transplant immunosuppression: Present and future. World J Transplant 2012; 2:51-68. [PMID: 24175197 PMCID: PMC3782235 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v2.i4.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For kidney transplant recipients, immunosuppression commonly consists of combination treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor, an antiproliferative agent and a corticosteroid. Many medical centers use a sequential immunosuppression regimen where an induction agent, either an anti-thymocyte globulin or interleukin-2 receptor antibody, is given at the time of transplantation to prevent early acute rejection which is then followed by a triple immunosuppressive maintenance regimen. Very low rejection rates have been achieved at many transplant centers using combinations of these agents in a variety of protocols. Yet, a large number of recipients suffer chronic allograft injury and adverse events associated with drug therapy. Regimens designed to limit or eliminate calcineurin inhibitors and/or corticosteroid use are actively being pursued. An ideal immunosuppressive regimen limits toxicity and prolongs the functional life of the graft. This article contains a critical analysis of clinical data on currently available immunosuppressive strategies and an overview of therapeutic moieties in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Varun Kalluri
- Hari Varun Kalluri, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
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Huber EM, Groll M. Inhibitors for the immuno- and constitutive proteasome: current and future trends in drug development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8708-20. [PMID: 22711561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic degradation is an essential cellular process which is primarily carried out by the 20S proteasome core particle (CP), a protease of 720 kDa and 28 individual subunits. As a result of its central functional role, the proteasome represents an attractive drug target that has been extensively investigated during the last decade and validated by the approval of bortezomib by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Currently, several optimized second-generation proteasome inhibitors are being explored as anticancer drugs in clinical trials, and most of them target both constitutive proteasomes (cCPs) and immunoproteasomes (iCPs). However, selective inhibition of the iCPs, a distinct class of proteasomes predominantly expressed in immune cells, appears to be a promising therapeutic rationale for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Although a few selective agents have already been identified, the recently determined crystal structure of the iCP will further promote the development and optimization of iCP-selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Huber
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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Huber EM, Groll M. Inhibitoren für das konstitutive Proteasom und das Immunoproteasom: aktuelle und zukünftige Tendenzen in der Medikamentenentwicklung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Ahmed T, Senzel L. The role of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of acute antibody-mediated kidney rejection. J Clin Apher 2012; 27:173-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.21211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Yoshihara S, Taniguchi K, Ogawa H, Saji H. The role of HLA antibodies in allogeneic SCT: is the 'type-and-screen' strategy necessary not only for blood type but also for HLA? Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 47:1499-506. [PMID: 22231464 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of HLA antibodies in SCT has drawn increasing attention because of the significantly increased number of patients who receive HLA-mismatched SCT, including cord blood transplantation, haploidentical SCT and unrelated SCT. Technical advancements in the methods of HLA Ab testing have realized rapid, accurate and objective identification, as well as quantification of specific HLA antibodies. Recent clinical studies have suggested that the presence of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in patients is associated with graft failure in HLA-mismatched SCT when the above-listed stem cell sources are used and results in different impacts. Of note, most of the 'HLA-matched' unrelated SCT actually involve HLA mismatches in HLA-DP and the presence of antibodies against this locus has been reported to be associated with graft failure. Thus, HLA Ab should be examined as a work-up for all patients who undergo SCT from 'alternative donors.' The simplest route for preventing HLA Ab-mediated graft failure in Ab-positive patients is to avoid donors who possess the target Ag of HLA antibodies. If SCT from such donors must be performed, treatment for DSA before SCT may improve the chances of successful donor engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshihara
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
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Abstract
In May 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for the use of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib as a third-line therapy in multiple myeloma, and the European Union followed suit a year later. Bortezomib has subsequently been approved for multiple myeloma as a second-line treatment on its own and as a first-line therapy in combination with an alkylating agent and a corticosteroid. Furthermore, bortezomib has also been approved as a second-line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. In this chapter, the focus is on the current clinical research on bortezomib, its adverse effects, and the resistance of multiple myeloma patients to bortezomib-based therapy. The various applications of bortezomib in different diseases and recent advances in the development of a new generation of inhibitors that target the proteasome or other parts of the ubiquitin-proteasome system are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Cvek
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gräwert MA, Groll M. Exploiting nature's rich source of proteasome inhibitors as starting points in drug development. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1364-78. [PMID: 22039589 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the No. 2 cause of death in the Western world and one of the most expensive diseases to treat. Thus, it is not surprising, that every major pharmaceutical and biotechnology company has a blockbuster oncology product. In 2003, Millennium Pharmaceuticals entered the race with Velcade®, a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for treatment of multiple myeloma and its sales have passed the billion dollar mark. Velcade®'s extremely toxic boronic acid pharmacophore, however, contributes to a number of severe side effects. Nevertheless, the launching of this product has validated the proteasome as a target in fighting cancer and further proteasome inhibitors have entered the market as anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, proteasome inhibitors have found application as crop protection agents, anti-parasitics, immunosuppressives, as well as in new therapies for muscular dystrophies and inflammation. Many of these compounds are based on microbial metabolites. In this review, we emphasize the important role of the structural elucidation of the various unique binding mechanisms of these compounds that have been optimized throughout evolution to target the proteasome. Based on this knowledge, medicinal chemists have further optimized these natural products, resulting in potential drugs with reduced off-target activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ann Gräwert
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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