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Sumithaa C, Manjunathan T, Mazuryk O, Peters S, Pillai RS, Brindell M, Gopinath P, Ganeshpandian M. Nanoencapsulation of Ru( p-cymene) Complex Bearing Ginger-based Natural Product into Liposomal Nanoformulation to Improve Its Cellular Uptake and Antiproliferative Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3241-3256. [PMID: 35786838 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The organometallic compounds are prospective candidates in the row of developing metallochemotherapeutics with the aim of overcoming the limitations of platinum drugs. In order to explore the anticancer properties of organometallic compounds with the natural medicines, two Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes containing the natural products, viz., 6-gingerol (6G) and benzylated-6-gingerdione (B-6GD) have been synthesized and characterized well. The phenolic group of the Ru(6G) complex facilitates its higher cell-free antioxidant activity than its analogue complex. Also, the same complex shows higher cytotoxicity toward A549 lung and HeLa-S3 cervical cancer cells than the Ru(B-6GD) complex but lower cytotoxicity toward A2058 metastatic melanoma cancer cells. Both complexes are shown to easily accumulate in melanoma cancer cells, and their degree of cytotoxicity in the same cells is found to be positively correlated with cell uptake. The cytotoxicity of complexes arises from their intracellular activity, mainly due to the induction of singlet oxygen production in cancer cells. The subcellular fractionation study shows that mitochondria and ER-Golgi membranes might be their predominant targets. Also, the mechanistic investigation revealed that Ru(B-6GD) induces caspase-dependent non-apoptotic cell death whereas Ru(6G) can induce caspase-independent non-apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, both complexes are found to moderately alter the adhesion properties of cancer cells, which is beneficial for antimetastatic treatment. Despite the potential pharmacological activity, Ru(6G) is encapsulated into polymer-supported liposomes to reduce its toxicity and further improve its anticancer potency. The π-conjugated yne-ene chain of polydiacetylene aids in the development of a stable nanoformulation, which achieved a slow release of the complex. Most importantly, the cancer cell uptake of the liposome-encapsulated Ru(6G) complex is 20 times enhanced and the total ROS formation in cancer cells is significantly increased compared to the non-encapsulated complex. However, the nanoformulation does not alter the antimetastatic potency of the encapsulated complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chezhiyan Sumithaa
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olga Mazuryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Renjith S Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Malgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Ganeshpandian
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gloriozov IP, Dem'yanov PI, Zhulyaev NS, Nechaev MS, Oprunenko YF, Gam F, Saillard JY, Kuznetsov AE. DFT Investigation of the η 6 ⇌ η 6-Inter-ring Haptotropic Rearrangement of the Group 8 Metals Complexes [(graphene)MCp] + (M = Fe, Ru, Os). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:366-375. [PMID: 33356252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metalcyclopentadienyl complexes (MCp)+ (M = Fe, Ru, Os) bound to the large polyaromatic hydrogenated hydrocarbon (PAH) C96H24 used as a model for pristine graphene have been studied using a density functional theory (DFT) generalized gradient approximation (PBE functional) to reveal their structural features and dynamic behavior. The inter-ring haptotropic rearrangements (IRHRs) for these complexes were shown to occur via two transition states and one intermediate. The energy barriers of the η6 ⇌ η6 IRHRs of the (MCp)+ unit were found to be 30, 27, and 29 kcal/mol for M = Fe, Ru, and Os, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the values found previously for smaller PAHs. Both polar and nonpolar solvents were found not to affect significantly the energy barrier heights. Investigated transition metal complexes could be used in general as catalysts in the design of novel derivatives or materials with promising properties. Metalcyclopentadienyl complexes (MCp)+ of PAHs show catalytic properties mainly due to their structural details as well as their important characteristic of inter-ring haptotropic rearrangement. IRHRs take place usually by intramolecular mechanisms. During IRHRs, the MLn organometallic groups (OMGs) undergo shifting along the PAH plane and could coordinate additional reagents, which is important for catalysis. Large PAHs such as graphene, fullerenes, and nanotubes possess intrinsic anticancer activity, and numerous arene complexes of Ru and Os have been proven to have anticancer properties as well. We suppose that coordinating Ru or Os to very large PAHs could synergistically increase the anticancer activity of resulting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Piotr I Dem'yanov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Zhulyaev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Nechaev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Franck Gam
- ISCR-UMR 6226, Université Rennes, CNRS, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Aleksey E Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Av. Santa Maria 6400, Vitacura, 7660251 Santiago, Chile
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3
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Synthesis of novel selenotetrazole purine derivatives and their potential chemotherapeutic activities. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Maikoo S, Chakraborty A, Vukea N, Dingle LMK, Samson WJ, de la Mare JA, Edkins AL, Booysen IN. Ruthenium complexes with mono- or bis-heterocyclic chelates: DNA/BSA binding, antioxidant and anticancer studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4077-4088. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1775126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Maikoo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Abir Chakraborty
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Nyeleti Vukea
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | - William John Samson
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jo-Anne de la Mare
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Irvin Noel Booysen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Golbaghi G, Pitard I, Lucas M, Haghdoost MM, de Los Santos YL, Doucet N, Patten SA, Sanderson JT, Castonguay A. Synthesis and biological assessment of a ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl complex in breast cancer cells and on the development of zebrafish embryos. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112030. [PMID: 31945643 PMCID: PMC7221417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based complexes currently attract great attention as they hold promise to replace platinum-based drugs as a first line cancer treatment. Whereas ruthenium arene complexes are some of the most studied species for their potential anticancer properties, other types of ruthenium complexes have been overlooked for this purpose. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of Ru(II) cyclopentadienyl (Cp), Ru(II) cyclooctadienyl (COD) and Ru(III) complexes bearing anastrozole or letrozole ligands, third-generation aromatase inhibitors currently used for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER +) breast cancer. Among these complexes, Ru(II)Cp 2 was the only one that displayed a high stability in DMSO and in cell culture media and consequently, the only complex for which the in vitro and in vivo biological activities were investigated. Unlike anastrozole alone, complex 2 was considerably cytotoxic in vitro (IC50 values < 1 μM) in human ER + breast cancer (T47D and MCF7), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (MBA-MB-231), and in adrenocortical carcinoma (H295R) cells. Theoretical (docking simulation) and experimental (aromatase catalytic activity) studies suggested that an interaction between 2 and the aromatase enzyme was not likely to occur and that the bulkiness of the PPh3 ligands could be an important factor preventing the complex to reach the active site of the enzyme. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to complex 2 at concentrations around its in vitro cytotoxicity IC50 value (0.1-1 μM) did not lead to noticeable signs of toxicity over 96 h, making it a suitable candidate for further in vivo investigations. This study confirms the potential of Ru(II)Cp complexes for breast cancer therapy, more specifically against TNBCs that are usually not responsive to currently used chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Golbaghi
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Irène Pitard
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Matthieu Lucas
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Haghdoost
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Yossef López de Los Santos
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada
| | - Annie Castonguay
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory for the Design of Catalysts and Therapeutics, and Endocrine Toxicology Laboratory, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, Laval, Canada.
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6
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Fernandes AC. Synthesis, Biological Activity and Medicinal Applications of Ruthenium Complexes Containing Carbohydrate Ligands. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6412-6437. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190124124350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for new metal-efficient drugs has attracted considerable attention of the
scientific community. Among them, ruthenium complexes have emerged as an excellent alternative
of platinum complexes. This review presents a thorough and timely coverage of the synthesis,
biological activity and medicinal applications of ruthenium complexes bearing carbohydrate ligands,
allowing a large community of readers, in particularly the community that works in organic,
inorganic, bioorganometallic and medicinal chemistry, ready access to the most relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049- 001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of ruthenium(III) complexes of triazolopyrimidines with anticancer properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 25:109-124. [PMID: 31741123 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula [RuCl3(L)3] (1,3,5) and [RuCl3(H2O)(L)2] (2,4,6), where L stands for three different triazolopyrimidine-derived ligands, are reported. The compounds have been structurally characterized (IR, EPR, SCXRD), and their magnetic moments have been determined. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry of the Ru(III) complexes with mer configuration in 1 and 5, and fac configuration in 3. In 2 and 4, three chloride ions are in mer configuration and the two triazolopyrimidines are oriented trans mutually with the water molecule playing the role of the sixth ligand. All complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human cervical cancer cell line HeLa, and L929 murine fibroblast cells, uncovering among others that the most lipophilic complexes 5 and 6, containing the bulky ligand dptp (5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine), display high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, and HeLa cells. Moreover, it was also revealed that during the interaction of the complexes 1-6 with the cancer MCF-7 cell line, reactive oxygen species are released intracellularly, which could indicate that they are involved in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, extensive studies have been carried out to reveal the mechanism by which complexes 1-6 interact with DNA, albumin, and apotransferrin. The biological studies were complemented by detailed kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the complexes in the pH range 5-8, to determine the stability of the complexes in solution. Six novel ruthenium(III) complexes with triazolopyrimidine derivatives demonstrated the potential for use as anticancer agents by maintaining the toxic effect on MCF-7 and HeLa cells.
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8
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Gloriozov IP, Nechaev MS, Zaitsev KV, Oprunenko YF, Gam F, Saillard JY. DFT study of inter-ring haptotropic rearrangement in CpRu+ complexes of polycyclic aromatic ligands. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Zhang J, Wang S, Ba Y, Xu Z. Tetrazole hybrids with potential anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:341-351. [PMID: 31200236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death throughout the world. The anticancer agents are indispensable for the treatment of various cancers, but most of them currently on the market are not specific, resulting in series of side effects of chemotherapy. Moreover, the emergency of drug-resistance towards cancers has already increased up to alarming level in the recent decades. Therefore, it's imperative to develop novel anticancer candidates with excellent activity against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant cancers, and low toxicity as well. Tetrazole is the bioisoster of carboxylic acid, and its derivatives demonstrated promising anticancer activity. Hybridization of tetrazole with other anticancer pharmacophores may provide novel candidates with anticancer potency. The present review described the anticancer activity of tetrazole hybrids, and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) is also discussed to provide an insight for rational designs of tetrazole anticancer candidates with higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Su Wang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yanyan Ba
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 450046, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Huanghuai University, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhumadian, PR China.
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10
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Giringer K, Holtkamp HU, Movassaghi S, Tremlett WDJ, Lam NYS, Kubanik M, Hartinger CG. Analysis of ruthenium anticancer agents by MEEKC-UV and MEEKC-ICP-MS: Impact of structural motifs on lipophilicity and biological activity. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1201-1207. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Giringer
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Hannah U. Holtkamp
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Nelson Y. S. Lam
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Mario Kubanik
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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11
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Nirmala M, Adinarayana M, Ramesh K, Maruthupandi M, Vaddamanu M, Raju G, Prabusankar G. Water-soluble superbulky (η6-p-cymene) ruthenium(ii) amine: an active catalyst in the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids and the hydration of organonitriles. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble superbulky (η6-p-cymene) ruthenium(ii) amine complex mediated oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids and the hydration of organonitriles are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumaran Nirmala
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi
- Sangareddy
- India
| | - Mannem Adinarayana
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi
- Sangareddy
- India
| | - Karupnaswamy Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi
- Sangareddy
- India
| | | | - Moulali Vaddamanu
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi
- Sangareddy
- India
| | - Gembali Raju
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi
- Sangareddy
- India
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi
- Sangareddy
- India
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12
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Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic Activity, and Interactions with CT-DNA and BSA of Cationic Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Dppm and Quinoline Carboxylates. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017; 2017:2562780. [PMID: 28814948 PMCID: PMC5549488 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2562780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexes cis-[Ru(quin)(dppm)2]PF6 and cis-[Ru(kynu)(dppm)2]PF6 (quin = quinaldate; kynu = kynurenate; dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, FTIR, 1H, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopies. Characterization data were consistent with a cis arrangement for the dppm ligands and a bidentate coordination through carboxylate oxygens of the quin and kynu anions. These complexes were not able to intercalate CT-DNA as shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy. On the other hand, bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding constants and thermodynamic parameters suggest spontaneous interactions with this protein by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Cytotoxicity assays were carried out on a panel of human cancer cell lines including HepG2, MCF-7, and MO59J and one normal cell line GM07492A. In general, the new ruthenium(II) complexes displayed a moderate to high cytotoxicity in all the assayed cell lines with IC50 ranging from 10.1 to 36 µM and were more cytotoxic than the precursor cis-[RuCl2(dppm)2]. The cis-[Ru(quin)(dppm)2]PF6 were two to three times more active than the reference metallodrug cisplatin in the MCF-7 and MO59J cell lines.
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13
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Florindo PR, Costa PJ, Piedade MFM, Robalo MP. pH-Switchability and Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Monocyclopentadienylruthenium(II)/iron(II) Tetrazoles/Tetrazolates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6849-6863. [PMID: 28569504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazole/tetrazolate monocyclopentadienyliron(II) and ruthenium(II) compounds of general formulas [(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6]/[(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)] were investigated for their pH-switching second-order nonlinear optical (SONLO) properties. Compounds [(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)] (M = Fe, Ru) and compound [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6] were fully characterized by (1H-, 13C-, 31P-) NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and elemental analysis, and compounds [(η5-C5H5)Fe(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)] and [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6] were further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; the synthesis of [(η5-C5H5)Fe(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)][PF6] was unsuccessful. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were performed using PBE0 and CAM-B3LYP functionals to evaluate the first hyperpolarizability (βtot) of the tetrazole/tetrazolate complexes and for a detailed analysis of the experimental data. Both functionals predict (i) high first hyperpolarizabilities for the tetrazolate complexes [(η5-C5H5)M(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)], with βtot[Ru] ≈ 1.2βtot[Fe], and (ii) a 3-fold reduction in βtot[Ru] upon protonation, in complex [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)]+, forecasting [(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4CC6H4NO2)]/[(η5-C5H5)Ru(dppe)(N4(H)CC6H4NO2)]+ complexes as on/off, pH-switchable SONLO forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Florindo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - M F M Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Paula Robalo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa , Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Rodríguez Arce E, Sarniguet C, Moraes TS, Vieites M, Tomaz AI, Medeiros A, Comini MA, Varela J, Cerecetto H, González M, Marques F, García MH, Otero L, Gambino D. A new ruthenium cyclopentadienyl azole compound with activity on tumor cell lines and trypanosomatid parasites. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1062480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rodríguez Arce
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cynthia Sarniguet
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tania S. Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, CCMM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marisol Vieites
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Isabel Tomaz
- Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, CCMM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Helena García
- Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, CCMM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucía Otero
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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15
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Florindo PR, Pereira DM, Borralho PM, Rodrigues CMP, Piedade MFM, Fernandes AC. Cyclopentadienyl-ruthenium(II) and iron(II) organometallic compounds with carbohydrate derivative ligands as good colorectal anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4339-47. [PMID: 25923600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New ruthenium(II) and iron(II) organometallic compounds of general formula [(η(5)-C5H5)M(PP)Lc][PF6], bearing carbohydrate derivative ligands (Lc), were prepared and fully characterized and the crystal structures of five of those compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Cell viability of colon cancer HCT116 cell line was determined for a total of 23 organometallic compounds and SAR's data analysis within this library showed an interesting dependency of the cytotoxic activity on the carbohydrate moiety, linker, phosphane coligands, and metal center. More importantly, two compounds, 14Ru and 18Ru, matched oxaliplatin IC50 (0.45 μM), the standard metallodrug used in CC chemotherapeutics, and our leading compound 14Ru was shown to be significantly more cytotoxic than oxaliplatin to HCT116 cells, triggering higher levels of caspase-3 and -7 activity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Florindo
- †Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diane M Pereira
- ‡Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Borralho
- ‡Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- ‡Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M F M Piedade
- †Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,§Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fernandes
- †Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Rodríguez-Bárzano A, Lord RM, Basri AM, Phillips RM, Blacker AJ, McGowan PC. Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of η5-C5(CH3)4R ruthenium complexes bearing chelating diphosphine ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3265-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium complexes with η5-C5(CH3)4R and diphosphine ligands have been synthesised and evaluated in vitro as anticancer agents. IC50 values in the nanomolar range have been obtained against two types of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. M. Lord
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Woodhouse Lane
- Leeds
- UK
| | - A. M. Basri
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Woodhouse Lane
- Leeds
- UK
| | - R. M. Phillips
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics
- University of Bradford
- Bradford
- UK
| | - A. J. Blacker
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Woodhouse Lane
- Leeds
- UK
| | - P. C. McGowan
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Woodhouse Lane
- Leeds
- UK
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17
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Florindo P, Marques IJ, Nunes CD, Fernandes AC. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) complexes containing carbohydrate-derived ligands. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Syntheses of Macromolecular Ruthenium Compounds: A New Approach for the Search of Anticancer Drugs. INORGANICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics2010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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19
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Côrte-Real L, Matos AP, Alho I, Morais TS, Tomaz AI, Garcia MH, Santos I, Bicho MP, Marques F. Cellular uptake mechanisms of an antitumor ruthenium compound: the endosomal/lysosomal system as a target for anticancer metal-based drugs. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1122-30. [PMID: 23790186 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761300175x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have described promising antitumor activity of an organometallic Ru(II) complex, η⁵-cyclopentadienyl(2,2'-bipyridyl)(triphenylphosphane) Ruthenium(II) triflate ([η⁵-C₅H₅)Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)(PPh₃)][CF₃SO₃]) herein designated as TM34. Its broad spectrum of activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines and high antiproliferative efficiency prompted us to focus on its mode of action. We present herein results obtained with two human tumor cell lines A2780 and MDAMB231 on the compound distribution within the cell, the mechanism of its activity, and its cellular targets. The prospective metallodrug TM34 revealed: (a) fast antiproliferative effects even at short incubation times for both cell lines; (b) preferential localization at the cell membrane and cytosol; (c) cellular activity by a temperature-dependent process, probably macropinocytosis; (d) inhibition of a lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, in a dose-dependent mode; and (e) disruption and vesiculation of the Golgi apparatus, which suggest the involvement of the endosomal/lysosomal system in its mode of action. These results are essential to elucidate the basis for the cytotoxic activity and mechanism of action of this Ru(II)(η⁵-cyclopentadienyl) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Côrte-Real
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Superior Técnico, Polo de Loures-Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
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20
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Morais TS, Santos FC, Corte-Real L, Garcia MH. Exploring the effect of the ligand design on the interactions between [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)(N,O)][CF3SO3] complexes and human serum albumin. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:94-101. [PMID: 24096130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes hold a great potential in chemotherapy as an alternative to the classical platinum based drugs. The organometallic compounds studied in the present work were previously found to exhibit important anticancer activities. Here we have investigated the binding of three ruthenium compounds, namely [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)(bopy)][CF3SO3] 1, [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)(2-ap)][CF3SO3] 2, and [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)(isoquinpk)][CF3SO3] 3 (bopy=2-benzoylpyridine; 2-ap=2-acetylpyridine; isoquinpk=1-isoquinolinyl phenyl ketone) to fatty acid human serum albumin (HSA) and fatty acid-free human serum albumin (HSA(faf)) at physiological pH7.4. The influence of the substituent groups on the heteroaromatic (N,O) coordinated ligand was also studied by fluorescence spectroscopy to get information about this binding. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants (KSV) were calculated at 293, 298 and 310K, with the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ∆G, ∆H and ∆S as well. The fluorescence quenching method was used to determine the number of binding sites (n) and association constants (Ka) at the same temperatures. The binding site to HSA was confirmed by competitive studies of the ruthenium compounds with warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Ciências Moleculares e Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Young JOE, Snyder CA, Tice NC, Sloan SL, Smith AC, Shah SA, Dopierala LA, Crocker MS, Kobayashi Y, Mazzotta MG. Synthesis and Characterization of Some Thallium Cyclopentadienide Fused Ring Pyridazines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.698356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason O. E. Young
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Chad A. Snyder
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Nathan C. Tice
- b Department of Chemistry , Butler University , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - Seth L. Sloan
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Adam C. Smith
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Sana A. Shah
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Levi A. Dopierala
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Michael S. Crocker
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Yuto Kobayashi
- a Department of Chemistry , Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green , Kentucky , USA
| | - Michael G. Mazzotta
- c Department of Chemistry , Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond , Kentucky , USA
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22
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Gonçalves AC, Morais TS, Robalo MP, Marques F, Avecilla F, Matos CP, Santos I, Tomaz AI, Garcia MH. Important cytotoxicity of novel iron(II) cyclopentadienyl complexes with imidazole based ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 129:1-8. [PMID: 23994893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new compounds of general formula [FeCp(dppe)L][CF3SO3] with L=imidazole substituted ligands, and dppe=ethylenebis(diphenylphosphane) have been synthesized and characterized with the aim to evaluate their anticancer properties. The new compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and the structure of [Fe(η(5)-C5H5)(dppe)(1-BuIm)] [CF3SO3] (1), [Fe(η(5)-C5H5)(dppe) (ImH)][CF3SO3] (3) and [Fe(η(5)-C5H5)(dppe)(1HmIm)][CF3SO3] (4) (where 1-BuIm=1-butylimidazole, and 1HmIm=N-hydroxymethylimidazole) was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Apparently, these compounds are the first reported 'Fe(η(5)-C5H5)' half sandwich derivatives presenting high cytotoxic activity against a set a human tumor cell lines predicting their potential value as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Centro de Ciências Moleculares e Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Mavrynsky D, Rahkila J, Bandarra D, Martins S, Meireles M, Calhorda MJ, Kovács IJ, Zupkó I, Hänninen MM, Leino R. Cytotoxicities of Polysubstituted Chlorodicarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl) and (Indenyl)ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400234p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denys Mavrynsky
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo,
Finland
| | - Jani Rahkila
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo,
Finland
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Departamento de
Química e Bioquímica, CQB, Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Soraia Martins
- Departamento de
Química e Bioquímica, CQB, Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Meireles
- Departamento de
Química e Bioquímica, CQB, Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria José Calhorda
- Departamento de
Química e Bioquímica, CQB, Faculdade de Ciências,
Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ida J. Kovács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy,
University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy,
University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mikko M. Hänninen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä,
FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo,
Finland
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24
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Demoro B, de Almeida RFM, Marques F, Matos CP, Otero L, Costa Pessoa J, Santos I, Rodríguez A, Moreno V, Lorenzo J, Gambino D, Tomaz AI. Screening organometallic binuclear thiosemicarbazone ruthenium complexes as potential anti-tumour agents: cytotoxic activity and human serum albumin binding mechanism. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7131-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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New polydentate Ru(III)-Salan complexes: Synthesis, characterization, anti-tumour activity and interaction with human serum proteins. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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[RuII(η5-C5H5)(bipy)(PPh3)]+, a promising large spectrum antitumor agent: Cytotoxic activity and interaction with human serum albumin. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Morais TS, Silva TJ, Marques F, Robalo MP, Avecilla F, Madeira PJA, Mendes PJ, Santos I, Garcia MH. Synthesis of organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes with strong activity against several human cancer cell lines. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 114:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Madeira PJA, Morais TS, Silva TJL, Florindo P, Garcia MH. Gas-phase behaviour of Ru(II) cyclopentadienyl-derived complexes with N-coordinated ligands by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: fragmentation pathways and energetics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1675-1686. [PMID: 22730088 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The gas-phase behaviour of six Ru(II) cyclopentadienyl-derived complexes with N-coordinated ligands, compounds with antitumor activities against several cancer lines, was studied. This was performed with the intent of establishing fragmentation pathways and to determine the Ru-L(N) and Ru-L(P) ligand bond dissociation energies. Such knowledge can be an important tool for the postulation of the mechanisms of action of these anticancer drugs. METHODS Two types of instruments equipped with electrospray ionisation were used (ion trap and a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer). The dissociation energies were determined using energy-variable collision-induced dissociation measurements in the ion trap. The FTICR instrument was used to perform MS(n) experiments on one of the compounds and to obtain accurate mass measurements. Theoretical calculations were performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level using two different functionals (B3LYP and M06L) to estimate the dissociation energies of the complexes under study. RESULTS The influence of the L(N) on the bond dissociation energy (D) of RuCp compounds with different nitrogen ligands was studied. The lability order of L(N) was: imidazole<1-butylimidazole<5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole<1-benzylimidazole. Both the functionals used gave the following ligand lability order: imidazole<1-benzylimidazole<5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole<1-butylimidazole. It is clear that there is an inversion between 1-benzylimidazole and 1-butylimidazole for the experimental and theoretical lability orders. The M06L functional afforded values of D closer to the experimental values. The type of phosphane (L(P) ) influenced the dissociation energies, with values of D being higher for Ru-L(N) with 1-butylimidazole when the phosphane was 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. The Ru-L(P) bond dissociation energy for triphenylphosphane was independent of the type of complex. CONCLUSIONS The D values of Ru-L(N) and Ru-L(P) were determined for all six compounds and compared with the values calculated by the DFT method. For the imidazole-derived ligands the energy trend was rationalized in terms of the increasing extension of the σ-donation/π-backdonation effect. The bond dissociation energy of Ru-PPh(3) was independent of the fragmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Amorim Madeira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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29
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Grau J, Noe V, Ciudad C, Prieto MJ, Font-Bardia M, Calvet T, Moreno V. New π-arene ruthenium(II) piano-stool complexes with nitrogen ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 109:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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González-Pantoja JF, Stern M, Jarzecki AA, Royo E, Robles-Escajeda E, Varela-Ramírez A, Aguilera RJ, Contel M. Titanocene-phosphine derivatives as precursors to cytotoxic heterometallic TiAu2 and TiM (M = Pd, Pt) compounds. Studies of their interactions with DNA. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:11099-110. [PMID: 21958150 PMCID: PMC3205237 DOI: 10.1021/ic201647h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of tri- and bimetallic titanium-gold, titanium-palladium, and titanium-platinum derivatives of the general formulas [Ti{η(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)(AuCl)}(2)]·2THF [n = 0 (1); n = 2 (2); n = 3 (3)] and [TiCl(2){η(5)-C(5)H(4)κ-(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)}(2)(MCl(2))]·2THF [M = Pd, n = 0 (4); n = 2 (5); n = 3 (6) ; M = Pt, n = 0 (7); n = 2 (8); n = 3 (9)] have been synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds 1-9 have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The calculated IR spectra of the optimized structures fit well with the experimental IR data obtained for 1-9. The stability of the heterometallic compounds in deuterated solvents [CDCl(3), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d(6), and mixtures 50:50 DMSO-d(6)/D(2)O and 1:99 DMSO-d(6)/D(2)O at acidic and neutral pH] has been evaluated by (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopy showing a higher stability for these compounds than for Cp(2)TiCl(2) or precursors [Ti{η(5)-C(5)H(4)(CH(2))(n)PPh(2)}(2)]. The new compounds display a lower acidity (1-2 units) than Cp(2)TiCl(2). The decomposition products have been identified over time. Complexes 1-9 have been tested as potential anticancer agents, and their cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in vitro against HeLa human cervical carcinoma and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. TiAu(2) and TiPd compounds were highly cytotoxic for these two cell lines. The interactions of the compounds with calf thymus DNA have been evaluated by thermal denaturation (1-9) and by circular dichroism (1, 3, 4, and 7) spectroscopic methods. All of these complexes show a stronger interaction with DNA than that displayed by Cp(2)TiCl(2) at neutral pH. The data are consistent with electrostatic interactions with DNA for TiAu(2) compounds and for a covalent binding mode for TiM (M = Pd, Pt) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F. González-Pantoja
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Andrzej A. Jarzecki
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Eva Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Robles-Escajeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
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31
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Prabhakaran R, Kalaivani P, Jayakumar R, Zeller M, Hunter AD, Renukadevi SV, Ramachandran E, Natarajan K. Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of bis salicylaldehyde-4(N)-ethylthiosemicarbazone ruthenium(iii) triphenylphosphine. Metallomics 2011; 3:42-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Moreno V, Font-Bardia M, Calvet T, Lorenzo J, Avilés FX, Garcia MH, Morais TS, Valente A, Robalo MP. DNA interaction and cytotoxicity studies of new ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl derivative complexes containing heteroaromatic ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 105:241-9. [PMID: 21194624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Four ruthenium(II) complexes with the formula [Ru(η(5)-C(5)H(5))(PP)L][CF(3)SO(3)], being (PP = two triphenylphosphine molecules), L = 1-benzylimidazole, ; (PP = two triphenylphosphine molecules), L = 2,2'bipyridine, ; (PP = two triphenylphosphine molecules), L = 4-Methylpyridine, ; (PP = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane), L = 4-Methylpyridine, , were prepared, in view to evaluate their potentialities as antitumor agents. The compounds were completely characterized by NMR spectroscopy and their crystal and molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical studies were carried out giving for all the compounds quasi-reversible processes. The images obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) suggest interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA. Measurements of the viscosity of solutions of free DNA and DNA incubated with different concentrations of the compounds confirmed this interaction. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1234 was much higher than that of cisplatin against human leukemia cancer cells (HL-60 cells). IC(50) values for all the compounds are in the range of submicromolar amounts. Apoptotic death percentage was also studied resulting similar than that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virtudes Moreno
- Department de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí y Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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