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Songvut P, Nakareangrit W, Cholpraipimolrat W, Kwangjai J, Worasuttayangkurn L, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Unraveling the interconversion pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of the major ginger constituents: [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and zingerone after single-dose administration in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1391019. [PMID: 38904001 PMCID: PMC11187260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1391019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The available in vitro evidences suggest the inherent instability and interconvertibility of [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol. However, limited data on their in vivo interconversion hinder understanding of their influence on the pharmacokinetic profiles. Purpose This study presents the first comprehensive in vivo investigation aiming to determine the interconversion pharmacokinetics in rats, and elucidate the oral bioavailability, target distribution, biotransformation, and excretion profiles of the key ginger constituents, [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and zingerone. Methods The pharmacokinetics was investigated through single intravenous (3 mg/kg) or oral (30 mg/kg) administration of [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, or zingerone, followed by the determination of their tissue distribution after oral dosing (30 mg/kg). Intravenous pharmacokinetics was leveraged to evaluate the interconversion, circumventing potential confounders associated with the oral route. Results All rats tolerated these compounds throughout the pharmacokinetic study. The parent compounds exhibited rapid but partial absorption, and extensive organ distribution with substantial biotransformation, thereby limiting the oral bioavailability of each compound to below 2% when administered as pure compounds. Conversion of [6]-gingerol to [6]-shogaol after intravenous administration, demonstrated a significantly larger clearance compared to the reverse conversion ([6]-shogaol to [6]-gingerol). The irreversible metabolic clearance for both compounds was significantly greater than their reversible bioconversions. Furthermore, [6]-gingerol underwent biotransformation to zingerone. Conjugated glucuronides were eliminated partly through renal excretion, with minimal fecal excretion. Conclusion This in vivo investigation demonstrates the influence of interconversion on the disposition kinetics of [6]-gingerol, [6]-shogaol, and zingerone, as evidenced by the findings in the systemic circulation. The study further highlights the importance of considering this interconversion and tissue distribution when determining the administration dosage of ginger constituent combinations for therapeutic benefits and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanit Songvut
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jackapun Kwangjai
- Food and Drug Quality Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
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Aleem M, Khan MI. Concept of dementia ( Nisy ā n) in Unani system of medicine and scientific validation of an important Unani pharmacopoeial preparation ' Majoon Vaj' for its management: a review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:139-153. [PMID: 37384842 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review focused on the concept of dementia in the Unani system of medicine and comprehensive, updated information on Majoon Vaj about the phytochemistry, nootropic, CNS activities and provide insights into potential opportunities for future research. METHODS The classical literature on Majoon Vaj for its anti-dementic properties, and therapeutic uses were gathered from nearly thirteen classical Unani books including Unani Pharmacopoeia. The information of pharmacognosy, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Majoon Vaj and its ingredient was collected by browsing the Internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, Google Scholar, ResearchGate). The relevant primary sources were probed, analysed, and included in this review. The keywords used to browse were Majoon Vaj, Dementia, Nootropic, Acorus calamus, Piper nigram, Zingiber officinalis, Nigella sativa, Carum carvi, Plumbago zeylanica, and β-asarone. Relevant Sources were gathered up to July 2021, and the chemical structures were drawn using ACD/ChemSketch software. The species name and synonyms were checked with WFO (2021): World Flora online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org) an updated version of 'The Plant List.' RESULTS Majoon Vaj contains an excess of bioactive compounds e.g., alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, coumarins, carbohydrates, and fixed oils and its ingredients possess broad pharmacological properties, including cognitive-enhancing, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. CONCLUSIONS The literature of Unani medicine is quite rich in discussing the pathophysiological basis of memory disorders. It argues that memory, retention, and retrieval are regulated by a complex process involving various faculties. Majoon Vaj seems to have great potential for therapeutic applications in the treatment of dementia and thus encourage more preclinical and clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aleem
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, India
| | - Md Imran Khan
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, India
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Moradi V, Ghanadian SM, Rashidi B, Ghasemi N, Dashti G, Esfandiari E. The preventive effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on demyelination of corpus callosum in a cuprizone rat model of multiple sclerosis. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:675-687. [PMID: 38106635 PMCID: PMC10719719 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurological disability among young adults. Anti-inflammatory drugs have shown to be effective in MS. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of Zingiber officinale (ginger) have been shown and proven in many phytotherapy studies. This study aimed to evaluate effects of ginger essential oil on preventing myelin degradation in a rat model of MS. Materials and Methods In this study, we divided 49 rats into 7 groups; 4 control and 3 experimental groups that received 3 different dose of ginger essential oil (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg/day) for treatment of cuprizone-induced demyelinated rats. Basket test and transmission electron microscopy were performed in this study. Olig2 and Mbp genes and proteins were respectively evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Histologically, cuprizone created demyelination in the corpus callosum fibers. Remyelination of fibers was seen in the group treated with the medium dose of ginger essence, by toluidine blue staining. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed increased thickness of the myelin of fibers in all 3 treated groups (p<0.05). Feeding by the medium dose of ginger essence significantly increased the levels of Mbp and Olig2 genes (p<0.05). ELISA test showed that 100 mg/kg/day of ginger caused a significant difference between experimental and the cuprizone-induced groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that administration of ginger essential oil prevented demyelination and improved remyelination of rats` corpus callusom and can be used as an effective substance in the prevention of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Moradi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Ghanadian
- Department of Phrmacognosy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dashti
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nakyam T, Wattanathorn J, Thukham-mee W, Muchimapura S. The Polyherbal Functional Ingredient Containing Ginger, Chinese Date, and Wood Ear Mushroom Protects against Dementia following Metabolic Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9911397. [PMID: 37564141 PMCID: PMC10412205 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9911397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The anti-dementia effect following ischemic stroke with metabolic syndrome (MetS) of the polyherbal functional ingredient comprising ginger, Chinese date, and wood ear mushroom (GCJ) was hypothesized due to its neuroprotective effect against stroke. This study was performed to test this hypothesis and to explore the underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) with a 16-week high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF) feeding. The rats with MetS characteristics were orally administered GCJ at various doses (GCJ100, GCJ200, and GCJ300 mg kg-1 BW) 21 days pre-induction and 21 days post-induction of reperfusion injury (I/R) at the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Memory was evaluated every 7 days during the study period. At the end of the study, neuron density, AChE activity, and the expressions of eNOS, BDNF, and pERK/ERK in the prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus were also determined. MetS rats with GCJ treatment improved memory impairment, enhanced neuron density, and increased the expressions of eNOS, BDNF, and pERK/ERK but suppressed AChE in both areas. Therefore, the anti-dementia effect following ischemic stroke with metabolic syndrome of GCJ may involve the improvement of AChE, eNOS, BDNF, pERK/ERK, and neural plasticity. However, this required confirmation by clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuntiva Nakyam
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
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Thongwong P, Wattanathorn J, Thukhammee W, Tiamkao S. The potential role of the novel orodispersible film from rice polymer loaded with silkworm pupae hydrolysate and the combined extract of holy basil and ginger for the management of stroke with stress. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122175. [PMID: 37262936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of stroke under stress conditions is rising and the severity of stroke is increasing. Owing to the limitation of the current therapeutic strategy, a novel effective strategy for treating this condition is needed. In this study, we explored the neuroprotective effect of an orodispersible film derived from a rice polymer loaded with silkworm pupae and the combined extract of holy basil and ginger (JP1). Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were administered JP1 at the doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg BW 45 min prior to an exposure to a 6-h immobilization stress for 14 days. Permanent, occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) was performed, and JP1 was administered continually for 21 days after MCAO. Assessments of the brain infarction volume, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex were carried out 24 h after MCAO. Neurological severity scores were also determined for the rats every 7 days after MCAO until the end of the study period. The results clearly showed that all doses of JP1 decreased the brain infarct volume, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and improved neurological deficits. Therefore, JP1 is a potential novel neuroprotective supplement for combating ischemic stroke under stress conditions. However, a clinical trial is essential to confirm this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putthiwat Thongwong
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Wipawee Thukhammee
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Somsak Tiamkao
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Kongsui R, Jittiwat J. Ameliorative effects of 6‑gingerol in cerebral ischemia are mediated via the activation of antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory pathways. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 36909941 PMCID: PMC9996095 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal ischemia occurs when an embolus or thrombus occludes an artery, causing the rapid obstruction of cerebral blood flow. Although stroke represents a main cause of disability and mortality in developing countries, therapeutic approaches available for this condition remain very limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the phytochemical, 6-gingerol, on the brain infarct volume, neuronal loss and on the oxidative stress parameters, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin (IL)-6, in an animal model of focal ischemic stroke. Male Wistar rats, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into the following six groups: i) The control; ii) right middle cerebral artery occlusion (Rt.MCAO) + vehicle; iii) Rt.MCAO + piracetam; iv) Rt.MCAO + 6-gingerol (6-Gin) at 5 mg/kg body weight (BW); v) Rt.MCAO + 6-Gin at 10 mg/kg BW; and vi) the Rt.MCAO + 6-Gin at 20 mg/kg BW group. The rats in each group received the vehicle or piracetam or 6-gingerol intraperitoneally for 7 days following Rt.MCAO. The brain infarct volume, neuronal loss and alterations in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levels were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus. The results revealed that the brain infarct volume, malondialdehyde level and the density ratio of COX-2 and IL-6 to β-actin were significantly decreased following treatment with 6-gingerol. In addition, neuronal density and superoxide dismutase activity in the cortex and hippocampus were increased. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that 6-gingerol exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, which effectively ameliorate the brain damage induced by focal cerebral ischemic strok.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.,The Unit of Excellence in Translational Neurosciences Initiative, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. Elucidating the Beneficial Effects of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:838-848. [PMID: 36268117 PMCID: PMC9578130 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its pathogenesis remains obscure. Current treatment approaches mainly including levodopa and dopamine agonists provide symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression, and they are often accompanied by severe side effects. In this context, natural phytochemicals have received increasing attention as promising preventive or therapeutic candidates for PD, given their multitarget pharmaceutical mechanisms of actions and good safety profile. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a very popular spice used as a medicinal herb throughout the world since the ancient years, for a wide range of conditions, including nausea, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Emerging in vivo and in vitro evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of ginger and its main pharmaceutically active compounds (zingerone, 6-shogaol, and 6-gingerol) in PD, mainly via the regulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, dopamine synaptic transmission, and possibly mitochondrial dysfunction. The regulation of several transcription factors and signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Ak strain transforming (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of ginger. Herein, we discuss recent findings on the beneficial role of ginger in PD as a preventive agent or potential supplement to current treatment strategies, focusing on potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
- First
Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University
Hospital, 15784Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology
Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- First
Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University
Hospital, 15784Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
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Kerr N, Sanchez J, Moreno WJ, Furones-Alonso OE, Dietrich WD, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. Post-stroke low-frequency whole-body vibration improves cognition in middle-aged rats of both sexes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:942717. [PMID: 36062148 PMCID: PMC9428155 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.942717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-frequency whole-body vibration (WBV; 40 Hz), a low impact form of exercise, intervention for a month following moderate transient middle-cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) reduces infarct volume and improves motor function in reproductively senescent, middle-aged female rats. Since post-stroke cognitive decline remains a significant problem, the current study aims to investigate the efficacy of WBV in ameliorating post-tMCAO cognitive deficits and to determine the underlying putative mechanism(s) conferring benefits of WBV in middle-aged rats. Middle-aged rats of both sexes were randomly assigned to tMCAO (90 min) or sham surgery followed by exposure to either WBV (twice a day for 15 min each for 5 days a week over a month) or no WBV treatment groups. Following the last WBV treatment, rats were tested for hippocampus-dependent learning and memory using a water maze followed by harvesting brain and blood samples for histopathological and inflammatory marker analyses, respectively. Results show that post-tMCAO WBV significantly lessens cognitive deficits in rats of both sexes. Post-tMCAO WBV significantly decreased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased serum levels of irisin, a muscle-derived hormone that may play a role in brain metabolism and inflammation regulation, which suggests putative beneficial mechanisms of WBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juliana Sanchez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - William Javier Moreno
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ofelia E. Furones-Alonso
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Helen M. Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Helen M. Bramlett,
| | - Ami P. Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Ami P. Raval,
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Neuroprotective Effect of Polyherbal Recipe Containing Ginger, Chinese Date, and Wood Ear Mushroom against Ischemic Stroke with Metabolic Syndrome Condition via Epigenetic Modification of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8940303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the prevalence of stroke with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing and the current therapeutic efficiency is still limited. Therefore, the applications of herbal recipes have gained much attention. The polyherbal recipe containing ginger, Chinese date, and wood ear mushroom is reputed for atherosclerosis and stroke prevention. It has been long-term consumed without scientific support. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the neuroprotective effect and its mechanisms in animal model of ischemic stroke with MetS. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were exposed to a 16-week high-fat high-carbohydrate feeding. The rats with the MetS characteristic were exposed to a temporary occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 90 minutes. They were orally fed with the polyherbal recipe (GCJ) at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg BW for 21 days and assessed the neurological deficit, ion volume, cortical neuron density in the cerebral cortex, oxidative stress status, inflammation, and expressions of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The results showed that GCJ significantly improved all mentioned parameters. Therefore, GCJ is the potential neuroprotectant against ischemic stroke with MetS. The underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the modification of epigenetic mechanism via the reduction of HDAC3 and DNMT1. However, further clinical investigation is essential to confirm this positive modulation effect.
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Moradi V, Esfandiary E, Ghanadian M, Ghasemi N, Rashidi B. The effect of Zingiber Officinale Extract on Preventing Demyelination of Corpus Callosum in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:330-9. [PMID: 36029169 PMCID: PMC9432465 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurological disability of young adults. Anti-inflammatory drugs have relative effects on MS. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of Zingiber officinale (ginger) have been proven in some experimental and clinical investigations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger extract on preventing myelin degradation in a rat model of MS. Methods Forty nine male Wistar rats were used in this study and divided into four control groups: the normal group, cuprizone-induced group, sham group (cuprizone [CPZ] + sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [NaCMC]), standard control group (fingolimod + cuprizone), including three experimental groups of CPZ, each receiving three different doses of ginger extract: 150, 300, and 600mg/kg /kg/day. Results Ginger extract of 600 mg/kg prevented corpus callosum from demyelination; however, a significant difference was observed in the fingolimod group (p < 0.05). Difference in the CPZ group was quite significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Treatment with ginger inhibited demyelination and alleviated remyelination of corpus callosum in rats. Therefore, it could serve as a therapeutic agent in the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Moradi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Corrigendum to “Zingiber officinale Mitigates Brain Damage and Improves Memory Impairment in Focal Cerebral Ischemic Rat”. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9761293. [PMID: 35685729 PMCID: PMC9173990 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9761293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang L, Li M, Zhan Y, Feng X, Lu Y, Li M, Zhuang Y, Lei J, Zhao H. The Impact of Ischemic Stroke on Gray and White Matter Injury Correlated With Motor and Cognitive Impairments in Permanent MCAO Rats: A Multimodal MRI-Based Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:834329. [PMID: 35309583 PMCID: PMC8924049 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.834329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the alterations of the cerebral gray and white matter is an important prerequisite for developing potential pharmacological therapy for stroke. This study aimed to assess the changes of gray and white matter after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in rats using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to correlate them with the behavior performance. Methods Rats were subjected to pMCAO or sham surgery and reared for 30 days. Motor and cognitive function of the rats were examined by gait and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, respectively. Multimodal MRI was conducted to examine the functional and structural changes of the gray and white matter followed with luxol fast blue (LFB) staining. Results The gait and MWM tests revealed significant motor and cognitive dysfunction in pMCAO rats, respectively. Magnetic resonance angiography presented abnormal intracranial arteries in pMCAO rats with reduced signal intensity of the anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, and increased basilar artery vessel signal compared with sham rats. Arterial spin labeling confirmed the decreased cerebral blood flow in the infarcted sensorimotor cortex and striatum. Structural T2-weighted imaging and T2 mapping showed brain atrophy and elevation of T2 value in the gray (sensorimotor cortex, striatum) and white (external capsule, internal capsule) matter of pMCAO rats. The results from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) corresponded well with LFB staining showing reduced relative FA accompanied with increased relative AD and RD in the gray and white matter of pMCAO rats compared with sham rats. Fiber tracking derived from DTI further observed significantly reduced fiber density and length in the corresponding brain regions of pMCAO rats compared with sham rats. Specially, the DTI parameters (especially FA) in the relevant gray matter and white matter significantly correlated with the behavior performance in the gait and MWM tests. Conclusion Collectively, the gray and white matter damages could be non-invasively monitored in pMCAO rats by multimodal MRI. DTI-derived parameters, particularly the FA, might be a good imaging index to stage gray and white matter damages associated with post-stroke motor and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Manzhong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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13
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Marefati N, Abdi T, Beheshti F, Vafaee F, Mahmoudabady M, Hosseini M. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) hydroalcoholic extract improved avoidance memory in rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes by regulating brain oxidative stress. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:15-26. [PMID: 34679261 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus associated cognitive impairment is suggested to be due to oxidative stress. Considering the anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale, the present study aimed to investigate its effect on memory and oxidative stress factors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS The rats were allocated into five groups: Control, Diabetic, Diabetic + Ginger 100, Diabetic + Ginger 200, and Diabetic + Ginger 400. Following diabetes induction by STZ (60 mg/kg), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg Ginger was given for eight weeks. Passive avoidance test (PA) was done and thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) measurements were carried out in the brain. RESULTS The latency into the dark compartment decreased (p<0.001) and the number of entries and time spent in the dark chamber increased in the Diabetic group compared to the Control (p<0.001 for all). All three doses of extract improved performance of the rats in the PA test (p<0.001 for all). The hippocampal and cortical MDA level was higher (p<0.001) while CAT, SOD, and total thiol were lower (p<0.01-p<0.001) in the Diabetic group than the Control. Treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg Z. officinale extract reduced hippocampal and cortical MDA (p<0.001) and improved CAT (p<0.001) while, just the dose of 400 mg/kg of the extract increased SOD and total thiol in hippocampal and cortical tissues (p<0.001) compared with Diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS Z. officinale extract could improve memory by reducing the oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marefati
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tara Abdi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Schepici G, Contestabile V, Valeri A, Mazzon E. Ginger, a Possible Candidate for the Treatment of Dementias? Molecules 2021; 26:5700. [PMID: 34577171 PMCID: PMC8470323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the human life expectancy increases, age-linked diseases have become more and more frequent. The worldwide increment of dementia cases demands medical solutions, but the current available drugs do not meet all the expectations. Recently the attention of the scientific community was attracted by natural compounds, used in ancient medicine, known for their beneficial effects and high tolerability. This review is focused on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and explore its properties against Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, two of the most common and devastating forms of dementia. This work resumes the beneficial effects of Ginger compounds, tested in computational in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, along with some human tests. All these evidences suggest a potential role of the compounds of ginger not only in the treatment of the disease, but also in its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.V.)
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15
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Dihydrocapsaicin effectively mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced pathological changes in vivo, partly via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways. Life Sci 2021; 283:119842. [PMID: 34298038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemic stroke occurs when there is a sudden blockage of cerebral blood flow. This condition is a major cause of mortality, especially in low-income countries, and its incidence is dramatically increasing. Therapeutic strategies against stroke are therefore required. The present study explored the effects of dihydrocapsaicin on neuronal loss, brain infarct volume, and antioxidants in a rat model of permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats received dihydrocapsaicin intraperitoneally for 7 days after permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). Then, the brain infarct volume, neuronal density, and antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in the cortex and hippocampus were determined at the end of the study. KEY FINDING Dihydrocapsaicin treatment was found to significantly improve neuronal density, decrease infarct volume, reduce MDA elevation, improve CAT and SOD activities, decrease the density ratio of Bax and caspase-3, and increase the density ratio of Bcl-XL to β-actin in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE The present study suggests that dihydrocapsaicin effectively mitigates cerebral ischemia-induced pathological changes in vivo, partly via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic pathways.
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16
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Xiaoxuming Decoction Regulates Vascular Function by Modulating G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Molecular Docking Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5575443. [PMID: 34195269 PMCID: PMC8203363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Xiaoxuming decoction (XXMD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that is used for the treatment of stroke in China. Stroke injury damages the cerebral vasculature and disrupts the autoregulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, which is crucial for maintaining constant cerebral blood flow (CBF). It has been reported that XXMD exerts a positive effect on cerebral circulation in animal models of stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of XXMD on vascular tone, and the interactions among the multiple components of XXMD, remain unclear. In this study, XXMD was found to induce relaxation of the basilar artery rings of rats precontracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. The modulation of vascular tone and the process of cerebral ischemia are mediated via the interactions between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands, including 5-HT, angiotensin II (Ang II), and urotensin II (UII). Thus, the potential synergistic effects of the different components of XXMD on the regulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation were further investigated by molecular docking based on network pharmacology. We constructed and analyzed a database comprising 963 compounds of XXMD and studied the interactions between five vascular GPCRs (5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR), 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT1BR), Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), beta 2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), and UII receptor (UTR)) and the various herbal constituents of XXMD using molecular docking. By constructing and analyzing the compound-target networks of XXMD, we found that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Paeoniae Radix Alba were the three major herbs that contained a large number of compounds with high docking scores. We additionally observed that several constituents of XXMD, including gallotannin, liquiritin apioside, nariutin, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose, folic acid, and ginsenoside Rb1, targeted multiple vascular GPCRs. Moreover, the interactions between the components of XXMD and the targets related to vascular tone constituted the comprehensive cerebrovascular regulatory function of XXMD and provided a material basis of the vasoregulatory function of XXMD. The study reports the contributions of various components of XXMD to the regulatory effects on vascular tone and provides scientific evidence for the multicomponent and multitargeting characteristics of XXMD.
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Jittiwat J, Chonpathompikunlert P, Sukketsiri W. Neuroprotective effects of Apium graveolens against focal cerebral ischemia occur partly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2256-2263. [PMID: 33006386 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a neurological disease caused by a sudden disturbance of cerebral blood flow to the brain, leading to loss of brain function. Recently, accumulating lines of evidence have suggested that dietary enrichment with nutritional antioxidants could reduce brain damage and improve cognitive function. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of Apium graveolens, a medicinal plant with putative neuroprotective activity, against oxidative-stress-related brain damage and brain damage due to inflammation induced by focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS Male adult Wistar rats were administered with an extract of A. graveolens orally 14 days before permanent occlusion of their right middle cerebral artery. The brain infarct volumes of rats in each group were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the density of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of rats was determined by cresyl violet staining. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were also quantified at the end of the study period. RESULTS Our results show that A. graveolens extract significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neuronal density in the cortex and hippocampus of rats receiving A. graveolens extract compared with those rats receiving no treatment. This neuroprotective effect was found to occur partly due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that A. graveolens helps to reduce the severity of cognitive damage caused by focal cerebral ischemia. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Expert Centre of Innovative Health Food (InnoFood), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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Talebi M, İlgün S, Ebrahimi V, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Ebrahimi H, Samarghandian S. Zingiber officinale ameliorates Alzheimer's disease and Cognitive Impairments: Lessons from preclinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111088. [PMID: 33378982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition mostly communal in people of advanced years accompanying various dysfunctionalities especially cognitive impairments. A number of cellular damages, such as amyloid-beta aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, some neurotransmitter imbalances, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses are responsible for AD incidence. As a reason for inadequate efficacy, side effects, and pharmacokinetic problems of conventional drugs used for AD, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents with multi-targeted potential is desirable. Protective properties of phytochemicals combat numerous diseases and their vast acceptance and demand in human beings encouraged scientists to assess their effective activities. Zingiber officinale, gingerol, shogaol, and borneol were evaluated against memory impairments. Online databases including; Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library were searched until 3th February 2020. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are included after screening their eligibility. Mostly interventive mechanisms such as; oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis are described. Correlation between the pathogenesis of AD and signaling pathways is explicated. Results and scores of cognition measurements are clarified due to in vivo studies and clinical trials. Some traditional aspects of consuming ginger in AD are also mentioned in the present review. In accumulation ginger and its components possess great potency for improving and abrogating memory dysfunctions but conducting further studies to evaluate their pharmacological and pharmaceutical aspects is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Viatris Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3300 Research Plaza, San Antonio, TX, 78235, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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20
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Pannangrong W, Welbat JU, Chaichun A, Sripanidkulchai B. Effect of combined extracts of aged garlic, ginger, and chili peppers on cognitive performance and brain antioxidant markers in Aβ-induced rats. Exp Anim 2020; 69:269-278. [PMID: 32051390 PMCID: PMC7445057 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of aged garlic, ginger, and chili peppers extracts (AGC) was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric-reducing antioxidant assays, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in Aβ1-42-induced rats. The AGC was orally administered to Wistar rats at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight (AGC125, AGC250, AGC500, respectively) for 64 days. At day 56, Aβ1-42 was injected via both sides of the lateral ventricles. The effects of the AGC on spatial and recognition memory were examined using a Morris water maze and novel object recognition tasks. Rats induced with Aβ1-42 exhibited obvious cognitive deficits, as demonstrated by their increased escape latency time (ET) and decreased retention time (RT) and percentage of discriminative index (DI). When compared with the control group, all AGC-treated rats showed significantly shorter ETs and higher DIs during the 5-min delay testing phase. Rats treated with AGC250 also had significantly longer RTs. Administration of Aβ1-42 significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the rat brain homogenate. Pretreatment with the AGC caused significant increases in SOD, GPx, and CAT activities, as well as a significant decrease in MDA in the rat brain homogenates after Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Our results suggested that an AGC may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in Aβ-treated rats due to its role in the upregulation of SOD, GPx, and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Neuroscience Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Amnard Chaichun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Road, Nai-Muang, Muang District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Wattanathorn J, Palachai N, Thukham-mee W, Muchimapura S. Memory-Enhancing Effect of a Phytosome Containing the Combined Extract of Mulberry Fruit and Ginger in an Animal Model of Ischemic Stroke with Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3096826. [PMID: 32802263 PMCID: PMC7411500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3096826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of dementia following cerebral ischemia in metabolic syndrome (MetS) condition is increasing, and most of the cases are often severe. Unfortunately, no effective strategy for treating this condition is available. Based on the positive modulation effect of a polyphenol-rich substance on dementia and the improvement in bioavailability and stability of polyphenols induced by the phytosome technique together with the use of the synergistic concept, we hypothesized that a phytosome containing the combined extract of mulberry fruit and ginger (PMG) should mitigate dementia and memory impairment following ischemic stroke in MetS. MetS was induced in male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g by exposure to a 16-week feeding period of high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. MetS rats were orally given PMG at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg·kg-1 BW 21 days before and 21 days after the occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt. MCAO). Then, their spatial memory was determined and the possible underlying mechanisms explored via the alterations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), neuron density, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and signal transduction via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in both the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. It was found that PMG significantly enhanced memory. It also decreased AChE, IL-6, and MDA but increased SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, neuron density, and phosphorylation of ERK. These data suggested the cognitive enhancing effect of PMG. The possible underlying mechanisms might occur partly via the improvement of cholinergic function via the ERK pathway together with the decrease in neurodegeneration induced by the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, a subchronic toxicity study is also required to assure the safety of PMG consumption before moving forward to a clinical trial study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Nut Palachai
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
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Palachai N, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Thukham-mee W. Phytosome Loading the Combined Extract of Mulberry Fruit and Ginger Protects against Cerebral Ischemia in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5305437. [PMID: 32774678 PMCID: PMC7397413 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5305437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of ischemic stroke in metabolic syndrome (MetS) is continually increasing and produces a great impact on both qualities of life and annual healthcare budget. Due to the efficiency limitation of the current therapeutic strategy, the poor availability of polyphenol substances induced by the first pass effect and the beneficial effects of mulberry fruit and ginger on brain and MetS-related diseases together with the synergistic concept, the neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke in MetS condition of phytosome containing the combined extract of mulberry fruit and ginger (PMG) has been considered. To explore the neuroprotective effect and possible underlying mechanism of PMG on brain damage in cerebral ischemic rat with MetS, male Wistar rats were induced MetS by high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF) for 16 weeks and subjected to the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) at the right middle cerebral artery (Rt. MCAO). PMG at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg were orally fed with for 21 days, and they were assessed brain damage, neurological deficit score, and the changes of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, PPARγ expression, and epigenetic modification via DNMT-1 were performed. All doses of PMG significantly improved brain infarction, brain edema, and neurological deficit score. In addition, the reduction in DNMT-1, MDA level, NF-κB, TNFα, and C-reactive protein together with the increase in SOD, CAT, and GPH-Px activities, and PPARγ expression in the lesion brain were also observed. The current data clearly revealed the neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia with MetS condition. The possible underlying mechanism might occur partly via the suppression of DNMT-1 giving rise to the improvement of signal transduction via PPARγ resulting in the decreasing of inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, PMG is the potential neuroprotectant candidate against ischemic stroke in the MetS condition. However, the clinical trial is still essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nut Palachai
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center in Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
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Zheng HZ, Shen X, He YY, Yan XL, Wang SX, Yu AM, Wang LS. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction on Blood and Brain Tissue in Rats with Normal and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Microdialysis with HPLC-MS/MS. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2877-2888. [PMID: 32764886 PMCID: PMC7382588 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s257020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of our research was to analyze and compare the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin, calycosin, calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside, and 6-gingerol in the blood and brain tissue of normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats by HPLC-MS/MS method. Methods The blood and brain tissue samples of normal and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were compared. The blood and brain tissue samples were collected by using microdialysis technique. The concentrations of paeoniflorin, calycosin, calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside, and 6-gingerol in blood and brain tissues were determined by the HPLC-MS/MS internal standard method. Results Compared with the normal group, the model group after the administration of the Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction showed that Cmax blood, AUC0-t blood, and AUC0-inf blood of paeoniflorin were increased, CLblood, t1/2 brain, and Vbrain of paeoniflorin were decreased; Cmaxblood, AUC0-tblood, AUC0-infblood, and average residence time (MRTbrain) of calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside were decreased and the CLblood and Cmax brain of calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside were increased; Cmax blood of calycosin was decreased, Vblood and Vbrain of calycosin were increased; Cmax blood, AUC0-t blood, AUC0-inf blood, and MRTbrain of 6-gingerol were decreased, CLblood of 6-gingerol was increased. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, and sensitive. It is suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in the blood and brain tissue of rats. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury increased the content of paeoniflorin, calycosin, calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside, and 6-gingerol in the blood, affecting the clearance rate of paeoniflorin in the brain, the detention time of calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside and the 6-gingerol in the brain. In normal and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, the content of paeoniflorin and 6-gingerol in the blood was higher than that in brain tissue, while the content of calycosin, calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside in the brain tissue was higher than that in blood, suggesting that calycosin and calycosin-7-o-β-d-6-glucoside have brain targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhen Zheng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying He
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Li Yan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xin Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kardani A, Soltani A, Sewell RDE, Shahrani M, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Neurotransmitter, Antioxidant and Anti-neuroinflammatory Mechanistic Potentials of Herbal Medicines in Ameliorating Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4421-4429. [PMID: 31721693 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112143940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental issue that disrupts behavior, nonverbal communication, and social interaction, impacting all aspects of an individual's social development. The underlying origin of autism is unclear, however, oxidative stress, as well as serotonergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic systems are thought to be implicated in ASD. Despite the fact that there is no effective medication for autism, current pharmacological treatments are utilized to ameliorate some of the symptoms such as selfmutilation, aggression, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, inattention, hyperactivity, and sleep disorders. METHODS In accord with the literature regarding the activity of herbal medicines on neurotransmitter function, we aimed to review the most worthy medicinal herbs possessing neuroprotective effects. RESULTS Based on the outcome, medicinal herbs such as Zingiber officinale, Astragalus membranaceu, Ginkgo biloba, Centella asiatica and Acorus calamus, have antioxidant activity, which can influence neurotransmitter systems and are potentially neuroprotective. CONCLUSION Consequently, these herbs, in theory at least, appear to be suitable candidates within an overall management strategy for those on the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Kardani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB. Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Mehrdad Shahrani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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25
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Rasheed N. Ginger and its active constituents as therapeutic agents: Recent perspectives with molecular evidences. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2020; 14:1-3. [PMID: 33192225 PMCID: PMC7644455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,
Address for correspondence: Dr. Naila Rasheed, Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Effect of gabapentin on fetal rat brain and its amelioration by ginger. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02387. [PMID: 31517117 PMCID: PMC6732712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is associated with neurodevelopmental alterations causing postnatal behavioral and cognitive alterations. These disorders are associated with the interference of these AEDs with the developing cerebral cortex and hippocampal neurons. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the drugs that should be avoided during pregnancy in order to prevent AED mediated developmental alterations. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drug gabapentin (GBP) on the rat fetal brain during the organogenesis phase and to examine the potential ameliorative effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Consequently, the current study addressed the developmental neural changes on the histological, immuno-histochemical and ultrastructural levels. The brain of fetuses from the GBP group showed a highly significant decrease in their weight. Histologically, the cerebral cortex and hippocampus regions of fetuses maternally injected with GBP showed layer disorganization, vacuolated neuropil and massive cell degeneration. The expression of Caspase 3 was significantly increased in the brain of GBP fetuses, unlike the expression of Bcl-2 which was significantly decreased. On the ultrastructure level, the neurons showed pyknotic and chromatolytic nuclei. The cytoplasm was rarefied with swollen organelles. Co-administration of ginger evidently ameliorated most of these effects. In conclusion, GBP administration during pregnancy could possibly affect the developing fetal brain and ginger may have ameliorating effect against the induced GBP neurotoxicity and should be taken in parallel.
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Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Prevention of Ageing and Degenerative Diseases: Review of Current Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5054395. [PMID: 31531114 PMCID: PMC6721508 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5054395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the age of the population is increasing as a result of increased life expectancy. Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of physiological integrity, which can be characterized by functional impairment and high vulnerability to various types of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have reported that the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to the development of these diseases. In general, oxidative stress could induce proinflammatory cytokines and reduce cellular antioxidant capacity. Increased oxidative stress levels beyond the production of antioxidant agents cause oxidative damage to biological molecules, including DNA, protein, and carbohydrates, which affects normal cell signalling, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and leads to disease pathogenesis. Since oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to these diseases, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the potential herbs that can be used to reduce the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginger consists of two major active components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, which are essential for preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this paper will review the effects of ginger on ageing and degenerative diseases, including AD, PD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and osteoarthritis.
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Sapkota A, Park SJ, Choi JW. Neuroprotective Effects of 6-Shogaol and Its Metabolite, 6-Paradol, in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:152-159. [PMID: 30001610 PMCID: PMC6430232 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. Previous studies have reported that 6-shogaol, a major constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale rhizome), and its biological metabolite, 6-paradol, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol and 6-paradol could ameliorate against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS elicited by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide immunization with injection of pertussis toxin. Once-daily administration of 6-shogaol and 6-paradol (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) to symptomatic EAE mice significantly alleviated clinical signs of the disease along with remyelination and reduced cell accumulation in the white matter of spinal cord. Administration of 6-shogaol and 6-paradol into EAE mice markedly reduced astrogliosis and microglial activation as key features of immune responses inside the CNS. Furthermore, administration of these two molecules significantly suppressed expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, a major proinflammatory cytokine, in EAE spinal cord. Collectively, these results demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of 6-shogaol or 6-paradol for EAE by reducing neuroinflammatory responses, further indicating the therapeutic potential of these two active ingredients of ginger for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sapkota
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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29
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Baihui Point Laser Acupuncture Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment, Motor Deficit, and Neuronal Loss Partly via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in an Animal Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1204709. [PMID: 30915140 PMCID: PMC6409074 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1204709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is recognized as one of the most dangerous killer diseases in Thailand and other countries worldwide. The development of a novel strategy for treating stroke patients is therefore urgently required. The present study investigated the effect of laser acupuncture at the Baihui point on cognitive and functional recovery, neuronal loss, antioxidant enzyme activities, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in the hippocampus in an animal model of focal ischemic stroke. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation; permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO); Rt.MCAO with sham laser acupuncture; and Rt.MCAO with Baihui point laser acupuncture. Laser acupuncture at the Baihui point and sham acupuncture at a nonacupoint were performed once daily (10 min at each point) for 14 days after Rt.MCAO. Half of the rats in each group were examined to determine neuron density by Cresyl violet staining, while the other half were examined by biochemical assays to measure glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hippocampus, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondria and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in the hippocampus. Laser acupuncture treatment was found to significantly enhance memory and neuron density in CA1 and CA3. Improved neurological score, improved GSH-Px and SOD activities, and decreased density ratio of IL-6 to β-actin were also observed in the hippocampus. In conclusion, Baihui point laser acupuncture alleviates cognitive impairment and motor deficits via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in focal ischemic rats. Further study is warranted to investigate other possible mechanisms of action.
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Hemmati AA, Alboghobeish S, Ahangarpour A. Effects of cinnamic acid on memory deficits and brain oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:257-267. [PMID: 29719448 PMCID: PMC5928339 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the cinnamic acid effect on memory impairment, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model in mice. In this experimental study, 48 male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (30–35 g) were chosen and were randomly divided into six groups: control, cinnamic acid (20 mg/kg day, i.p. ), diabetic, and cinnamic acid-treated diabetic (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg day, i.p. ). Memory was impaired by administering an intraperitoneal STZ injection of 50 mg/kg. Cinnamic acid was injected for 40 days starting from the 21st day after confirming STZ-induced dementia to observe its therapeutic effect. Memory function was assessed using cross-arm maze, morris water maze and passive avoidance test. After the administration, biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and cholinergic function were estimated in the brain. Present data indicated that inducing STZ caused significant memory impairment, whereas administration of cinnamic acid caused significant and dose-dependent memory improvement. Assessment of brain homogenates indicated cholinergic dysfunction, increase in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and decrease in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the diabetic group compared to the control animals, whereas cinnamic acid administration ameliorated these indices in the diabetic mice. The present study demonstrated that cinnamic acid improves memory by reducing the oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction in the brain of diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Soheila Alboghobeish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran
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Choi JG, Kim SY, Jeong M, Oh MS. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of ginger and its compounds in age-related neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 182:56-69. [PMID: 28842272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders (ANDs), including neurodegenerative diseases, are multifactorial disorders with a risk that increases with aging. ANDs are generally characterized by common neuropathological conditions of the central nervous system, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein misfolding. Recently, efforts have been made to overcome ANDs because of the increase in age-dependent prevalence. Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is a popular food spice and has a long history of use in traditional medicine for treating various disease symptoms. The structure-activity relationships of ginger phytochemicals show that ginger can be used to treat ANDs by targeting different ligand sites. This review shows that ginger and its constituents, such as 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-paradol, zingerone, and dehydrozingerone, are effective for ameliorating the neurological symptoms and pathological conditions of ANDs through by modulating cell death or cell survival signaling molecules. From this review, we conclude that the active ingredients in ginger have therapeutic potential in ANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]-Gingerol against Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8941564. [PMID: 29770155 PMCID: PMC5892971 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8941564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect of [6]-gingerol (GIN), a pungent ingredient of ginger, using an animal model of amnesia. To determine the neuroprotective effect of GIN on cognitive dysfunction, scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into C57BL/6 mice, and a series of behavioral tests were conducted. SCO-induced behavior changes and memory impairments, such as decreased alteration (%) in Y-maze test, increased mean escape latency in water maze test, diminished step-through latency in passive avoidance test, and shortened freezing time in fear condition test, were significantly prevented and restored by the oral administration of GIN (10 or 25 mg/kg/day). To further verify the neuroprotective mechanism of GIN, we have focused on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The administration of GIN elevated the protein expression of BDNF, which was mediated via the activation of protein kinase B/Akt- and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. These results suggest that GIN may have preventive and/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficit and cognitive impairment in mice with amnesia.
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Huh E, Lim S, Kim HG, Ha SK, Park HY, Huh Y, Oh MS. Ginger fermented with Schizosaccharomyces pombe alleviates memory impairment via protecting hippocampal neuronal cells in amyloid beta 1-42 plaque injected mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:171-178. [PMID: 29171599 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger, which has been widely used for dietary condiment, has been reported to improve memory dysfunction in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, a few trials have been carried out to enhance the effects of ginger by improving the bioavailability of its relevant components via fermentation. Some reports have suggested that the fermented ginger has the ability to affect the AD in vitro systems; however, its anti-amnesic effects on an in vivo model still remain to be investigated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ginger fermented with Schizosaccharomyces pombe (FG) in the in vivo models of AD. The neuroprotective effects were investigated by employing behavioral, western blotting, and immunohistochemical assays. The administration of FG improved recognition memory, impaired by scopolamine injection, than that of non-fermented ginger. In addition, FG ameliorated memory impairment in amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ1-42) plaque-injected mice via protecting neuronal cells in the CA3 area of the mouse hippocampus. Moreover, FG reinstated the pre- and postsynaptic protein levels decreased by Aβ1-42 plaque-toxicity. Overall, these data suggest that FG attenuates memory impairment in Aβ1-42 plaque-induced AD mice through inhibition of neuronal cell loss and synaptic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Huh
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Han J, Zhang JZ, Zhong ZF, Li ZF, Pang WS, Hu J, Chen LD. Gualou Guizhi decoction promotes neurological functional recovery and neurogenesis following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1408-1416. [PMID: 30106053 PMCID: PMC6108212 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery following stroke involves neurogenesis and axonal remodeling within the ischemic brain. Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) is a Chinese traditional medicine used for the treatment of post-stroke limb spasm. GLGZD has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic injury. However, the effects of GLGZD on neurogenesis and axonal remodeling following cerebral ischemia remain unknown. In this study, a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological function was assessed immediately after reperfusion using Longa's 5-point scoring system. The rats were randomly divided into vehicle and GLGZD groups. Rats in the sham group were given sham operation. The rats in the GLGZD group were intragastrically administered GLGZD, once daily, for 14 consecutive days. The rats in the vehicle and sham groups were intragastrically administered distilled water. Modified neurological severity score test, balance beam test and foot fault test were used to assess motor functional changes. Nissl staining was performed to evaluate histopathological changes in the brain. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine cell proliferation using the marker 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) as well as expression of the neural precursor marker doublecortin (DCX), the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the axon regeneration marker growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43). GLGZD substantially mitigated pathological injury, increased the number of BrdU, DCX and GFAP-immunoreactive cells in the subventricular zone of the ischemic hemisphere, increased GAP-43 expression in the cortical peri-infarct region, and improved motor function. These findings suggest that GLGZD promotes neurological functional recovery by increasing cell proliferation, enhancing axonal regeneration, and increasing the numbers of neuronal precursors and astrocytes in the peri-infarct area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zuan-Fang Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Pang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li-Dian Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Wattanathorn J, Thukham-mee W, Muchimapura S, Wannanon P, Tong-un T, Tiamkao S. Preventive Effect of Cashew-Derived Protein Hydrolysate with High Fiber on Cerebral Ischemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6135023. [PMID: 29457029 PMCID: PMC5804322 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6135023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the protective effect of cashew nut-derived protein hydrolysate with high dietary fiber (AO) in cerebral ischemic rats induced by the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). Acute toxicity was determined and data showed that LD50 of AO > 5000 mg/kg BW. To determine the cerebroprotective effect of AO, male Wistar rats were orally given AO at doses of 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg for 14 days and subjected to Rt.MCAO. Brain infarction volume, neurological score, spatial memory, serum lipid profiles, and C-reactive protein together with the brain oxidative stress status were assessed. All doses of AO significantly decreased brain infarction in cortex, hippocampus, and striatum together with the decreased oxidative stress status. The improvement of spatial memory and serum C-reactive protein were also observed in MCAO rats which received AO at all doses. In addition, the decreased serum cholesterol, TG, and LDL but increased HDL were observed in MCAO rats which received high dose of AO. Taken all together, AO is the potential protectant against cerebral ischemia. The improvement of oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia might play roles in the actions. However, further researches are required to understand the precise underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panakaporn Wannanon
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Terdthai Tong-un
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somsak Tiamkao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of fermented traditional medicine oyaksungi-san. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:214-222. [PMID: 28664144 PMCID: PMC5478292 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The traditional medicine oyaksungi-san (OY) has been prescribed in East Asia for hundreds of years for the treatment of stroke, paralysis, and ataxia. OY also has therapeutic effects on arthralgia, myalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis, and recent studies have shown its protective effects against apoptosis of hippocampal cells and its anti-inflammatory effects on the peripheral blood cells of patient with cerebral infarction. Many studies have explored the use of traditional medicine and herb materials in the development of safe, novel, and effective pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects. These efforts commonly adopt a bioconversion tool for fermentation with beneficial microbes. However, only pharmaceuticals with high levels of safety and low levels of toxicity can be used in healthcare system. Methods OY water extract was fermented with Lactobacillus and assayed for acute toxicity and genotoxicity. Single dose acute toxicity, bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus were observed and assayed in rats, histidine/tryptophan auxotrophic bacteria, Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cells, and mice bone marrow cells, respectively. Results All the experimental animals showed no abnormal behavior, clinical signs, body weight increases, or mortality. In the bacterial cultures, no revertant colonies were observed. Morphological and numerical chromosomal aberrations were not found in all metaphases examined. Frequency of induced micronuclei was not significantly increased in all doses applied. Conclusion As a whole, no acute toxicity or genotoxicity were observed in all the assays examined. Therefore, fermented OY is considered to be a safe material that can be used for development of complementary and alternative medicine using bioconversion.
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Sutalangka C, Wattanathorn J. Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:135. [PMID: 28253877 PMCID: PMC5335841 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, food supplements to improve age-related dementia are required. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale (CP1) on the improvement of age-related dementia in rats with AF64A-induced memory deficits. METHODS Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were orally given CP1 at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg.kg-1 BW for a period of 14 days after bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of AF64A. Spatial memory was assessed in all rats every 7 days throughout the 14 day-experimental period. At the end of the study, neuronal density, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress status and the activation of MAPK cascades in the hippocampus were determined. RESULTS Enhanced memory, increased neuronal density, decreased AChE activity and decreased oxidative stress status together with activated pERK1/2 were observed in the hippocampus of CP1-treated rats. These results suggested that CP1 might improve memory via enhanced cholinergic function and decreased neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS CP1 is a potential novel food supplement for dementia. However, further investigations on the subchronic toxicity of CP1 and drug interactions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchada Sutalangka
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
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Rahimi R, Irannejad S, Noroozian M. Avicenna’s pharmacological approach to memory enhancement. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1147-1157. [PMID: 28176148 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Irannejad
- Research Training Group 1876: Early Concepts of Man and Nature: Universal, Local, Borrowed, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maryam Noroozian
- Memory and Behavioral Neurology Division, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN RAT SCIATIC NERVE FOLLOWING A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2017-3-61-100-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gardener SL, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN. Diet and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Chronic Diseases: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:301-34. [PMID: 26682690 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the pathological features of the neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of additional disorders are likewise associated with a state of chronic inflammation, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes, which are themselves risk factors for AD. Dietary components have been shown to modify the inflammatory process at several steps of the inflammatory pathway. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the effect of consumption of pro- or anti-inflammatory dietary constituents on the severity of both AD pathology and related chronic diseases, concentrating on the dietary constituents of flavonoids, spices, and fats. Diet-based anti-inflammatory components could lead to the development of potent novel anti-inflammatory compounds for a range of diseases. However, further work is required to fully characterize the therapeutic potential of such compounds, including gaining an understanding of dose-dependent relationships and limiting factors to effectiveness. Nutritional interventions utilizing anti-inflammatory foods may prove to be a valuable asset in not only delaying or preventing the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, but also treating pre-existing conditions including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
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Kim SH, Chung DK, Lee YJ, Song CH, Ku SK. Neuroprotective effects of Danggui-Jakyak-San on rat stroke model through antioxidant/antiapoptotic pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:123-133. [PMID: 27163672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dangui-Jakyak-San (DJ) is a traditional Korean medicinal polyherb, prescribed typically in patients with insufficient blood supply in Eastern Asia. The DJ also has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo studies. AIM OF STUDY The therapeutic potential of DJ was examined in stroke rat model, in comparison with donepezil, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ischemic stroke rat model was induced by surgery of permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). The model was orally administered with distilled water (pMCAO control), donepezil at 10mg/kg (Donepezil) and DJ at 200, 100 and 50mg/kg (DJ 200, DJ 100 and DJ 50, respectively). Sham had the same surgery excepting for the pMCAO, and it was administered with distilled water (sham control). RESULTS After the administration for 28 days, the groups of DJ exhibited dose-dependent reduction in infarct/defect volumes with improvement in sensorimotor and cognitive motor function, comparing to pMCAO control. The DJ treatments seemed to enhance antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects; increases in antiapoptotic expressions (STAT3 and Pim-1) and decreases in lipid peroxidation (MDA) together with increases in contents of endogenous antioxidant (GSH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD). The histopathological analyses revealed significant reduction in neuronal apoptosis (caspase-3 and PARP) and neuronal degradation with atrophy and degeneration, in the DJ treatments. Furthermore, the oxidative stresses (nitrotyrosine as an iNOS factor and 4-HNE as a marker of lipid peroxidation) were observed mild. Although the similar neuroprotective effects were observed, the body weight loss was scarcely alleviated in Donepezil comparing to pMCAO control. CONCLUSION These suggest that DJ ameliorate the neurological dysfunction of cerebral ischemia through augmentation of antioxidant defense system and up-regulation of STAT3 and Pim-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kim
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoo Chung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea.
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Wahlqvist ML, Lee MS, Lee JT, Hsu CC, Chou YC, Fang WH, Liu HY, Xiu L, Andrews ZB. Cinnamon users with prediabetes have a better fasting working memory: a cross-sectional function study. Nutr Res 2015; 36:305-310. [PMID: 27001275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is impaired in prediabetes. We hypothesized that culinary herbs and spices may decrease insulin resistance (IR) and improve WM in prediabetes. Healthy people aged ≥60 years with prediabetes (fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL) (47 men and 46 women) whose food and culinary herb intakes were established with a food frequency questionnaire had body composition assessed and fasting glucose and insulin measured. Working memory and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were assessed on the same occasion. The contributions to associations between WM and diet, body fat, and IR were estimated by linear regression. Compared with nonusers, cinnamon users had significantly less frequent physical activity (2.9 vs. 4.4 times per week) and more often used fresh ginger (93.3% vs. 64.1%) and ginger in cooking (60.0% vs. 32.1%). Cinnamon users also had a better WM (2.9 vs. 2.5, P < .001). Cinnamon had a significant effect (users were 0.446 higher), but not ginger or curry usage, in predicting WM. For sociodemographic variables, only education (years) was significant in predicting WM (β = 0.065). Other significant determinants of WM were total fat mass (kilograms) (β = -0.024) and MMSE (β = 0.075). After adjustment for age and sex, cinnamon use, education, and MMSE remained significant individual predictors. In the final model, in which all variables listed were adjusted simultaneously, cinnamon users still had a significantly higher WM than nonusers. Cinnamon usage is associated with a better WM, not accounted for by dietary quality or IR, in untreated prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wahlqvist
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC; Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Fuli institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Meei-Shyuan Lee
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Tay Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Yu Liu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lili Xiu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Azam F, Amer AM, Abulifa AR, Elzwawi MM. Ginger components as new leads for the design and development of novel multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer's drugs: a computational investigation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:2045-59. [PMID: 25364231 PMCID: PMC4211852 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s67778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale), despite being a common dietary adjunct that contributes to the taste and flavor of foods, is well known to contain a number of potentially bioactive phytochemicals having valuable medicinal properties. Although recent studies have emphasized their benefits in Alzheimer's disease, limited information is available on the possible mechanism by which it renders anti-Alzheimer activity. Therefore, the present study seeks to employ molecular docking studies to investigate the binding interactions between active ginger components and various anti-Alzheimer drug targets. Lamarckian genetic algorithm methodology was employed for docking of 12 ligands with 13 different target proteins using AutoDock 4.2 program. Docking protocol was validated by re-docking of all native co-crystallized ligands into their original binding cavities exhibiting a strong correlation coefficient value (r (2)=0.931) between experimentally reported and docking predicted activities. This value suggests that the approach could be a promising computational tool to aid optimization of lead compounds obtained from ginger. Analysis of binding energy, predicted inhibition constant, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions of ligands with target receptors revealed acetylcholinesterase as most promising, while c-Jun N-terminal kinase was recognized as the least favorable anti-Alzheimer's drug target. Common structural requirements include hydrogen bond donor/acceptor area, hydrophobic domain, carbon spacer, and distal hydrophobic domain flanked by hydrogen bond donor/acceptor moieties. In addition, drug-likeness score and molecular properties responsible for a good pharmacokinetic profile were calculated by Osiris property explorer and Molinspiration online toolkit, respectively. None of the compounds violated Lipinski's rule of five, making them potentially promising drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Azam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nims Institute of Pharmacy, Nims University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Lim S, Moon M, Oh H, Kim HG, Kim SY, Oh MS. Ginger improves cognitive function via NGF-induced ERK/CREB activation in the hippocampus of the mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1058-65. [PMID: 25049196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been used worldwide for many centuries in cooking and for treatment of several diseases. The main pharmacological properties of ginger include anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiarthritic, antiemetic and neuroprotective actions. Recent studies demonstrated that ginger significantly enhances cognitive function in various cognitive disorders as well as in healthy brain. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the ginger-mediated enhancement of cognition have not yet been studied in normal or diseased brain. In the present study, we assessed the memory-enhancing effects of dried ginger extract (GE) in a model of scopolamine-induced memory deficits and in normal animals by performing a novel object recognition test. We found that GE administration significantly improved the ability of mice to recognize novel objects, indicating improvements in learning and memory. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms of GE-mediated cognitive enhancement, we focused on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced signaling pathways. NGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed that GE administration led to elevated NGF levels in both the mouse hippocampus and rat glioma C6 cells. GE administration also resulted in phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), as revealed by Western blotting analysis. Neutralization of NGF with a specific NGF antibody inhibited GE-triggered activation of ERK and CREB in the hippocampus. Also, GE treatment significantly increased pre- and postsynaptic markers, synaptophysin and PSD-95, which are related to synapse formation in the brain. These data suggest that GE has a synaptogenic effect via NGF-induced ERK/CREB activation, resulting in memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonmin Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Moon
- School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduates school and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Shang Y, Zhang H, Cheng J, Miao H, Liu Y, Cao K, Wang H. Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are effective to treat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:514-22. [PMID: 25206694 PMCID: PMC4146055 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on previous studies that have shown flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are neuroprotective agents in a naturally senile, D-galactose, aging in vivo model, as well as an in vitro model of oxidative/hypoxic injury, we established a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The light/electron microscopic observations found significant neuropathological changes including neuron loss or swelling and rough endoplasmic reticulum injury. Moreover, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and superoxide dismutase were significantly lowered, and the levels of malonaldehyde increased. In addition, the memory of rats worsened. However, treatment with flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (35, 70 and 140 mg/kg) for 13 days dramatically improved the above abnormal changes. These results suggest that the ability of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in attenuating cerebral functional and morphological consequences after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion may be beneficial for the treatment of ischemic brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Shang
- Department of Pharmacology of Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China ; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Second Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Miao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Tajiri N, Acosta S, Portillo-Gonzales GS, Aguirre D, Reyes S, Lozano D, Pabon M, Dela Peña I, Ji X, Yasuhara T, Date I, Solomita MA, Antonucci I, Stuppia L, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. Therapeutic outcomes of transplantation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells in experimental ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:227. [PMID: 25165432 PMCID: PMC4131212 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests the use of amnion as a source of stem cells for investigations of basic science concepts related to developmental cell biology, but also for stem cells’ therapeutic applications in treating human disorders. We previously reported isolation of viable rat amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells. Subsequently, we recently reported the therapeutic benefits of intravenous transplantation of AFS cells in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. Parallel lines of investigations have provided safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for treating stroke and other neurological disorders. This review article highlights the need for investigations of mechanisms underlying AFS cells’ therapeutic benefits and discusses lab-to-clinic translational gating items in an effort to optimize the clinical application of the cell transplantation for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel S Portillo-Gonzales
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniela Aguirre
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stephanny Reyes
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Diego Lozano
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mibel Pabon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ike Dela Peña
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama, Japan
| | - Marianna A Solomita
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, DISPUTer, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d 'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, DISPUTer, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d 'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
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Moon M, Kim HG, Choi JG, Oh H, Lee PKJ, Ha SK, Kim SY, Park Y, Huh Y, Oh MS. 6-Shogaol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in animal models of dementia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:8-13. [PMID: 24796668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increased attention has been directed towards medicinal extracts as potential new drug candidates for dementia. Ginger has long been used as an important ingredient in cooking and traditional herbal medicine. In particular, ginger has been known to have disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is no evidence of which constituents of ginger exhibit therapeutic effects against AD. A growing number of experimental studies suggest that 6-shogaol, a bioactive component of ginger, may play an important role as a memory-enhancing and anti-oxidant agent against neurological diseases. 6-Shogaol has also recently been shown to have anti-neuroinflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated astrocytes and animal models of Parkinson's disease, LPS-induced inflammation and transient global ischemia. However, it is still unknown whether 6-shogaol has anti-inflammatory effects against oligomeric forms of the Aβ (AβO) in animal brains. Furthermore, the effects of 6-shogaol against memory impairment in dementia models are also yet to be investigated. In this study, we found that administration of 6-shogaol significantly reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in intrahippocampal AβO-injected mice, ameliorated AβO and scopolamine-induced memory impairment, and elevated NGF levels and pre- and post-synaptic marker in the hippocampus. All these results suggest that 6-shogaol may play a role in inhibiting glial cell activation and reducing memory impairment in animal models of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Moon
- School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Hyo Geun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paula K J Lee
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Concordia International School, Shanghai 999, Mingyue Road, Jinqiao, Pudong, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkon Park
- Functional Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Khaki A, Khaki AA, Hajhosseini L, Golzar FS, Ainehchi N. The anti-oxidant effects of ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis dys-function of diabetes rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2014; 11:1-8. [PMID: 25392573 PMCID: PMC4202389 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes rats have been linked to reproductive dysfunction and plant medicine has been shown to be effective in its treatment. Antioxidants have distinctive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm biology and oxidative stress, and changes in anti-oxidant capacity are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Ginger and cinnamon are strong anti-oxidants and have been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the long-term treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in animal models. The present study examined the influence of combined ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis in STZ-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals (n = 80) were allocated randomly into eight groups, 10 each: Group 1: Control rats given only 5cc Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily;Group2: rats received ginger (100mg/kg/rat) daily; Group 3: rats received cinnamon (75mg/kg) daily; Group 4: rats received ginger and cinnamon, (100mg/kg/rat ginger and 75mg/kg cinnamon) daily; Group 5: Diabetic control rats received only normal saline. Group 6: Diabetic rats received 100mg/kg/day ginger; Group 7: Diabetic rats received 75mg /kg/ day cinnamon; Group 8: Diabetic rats received ginger and cinnamon (100mg/kg/day and 75mg/kg /day). Diabetes was induced with 55 mg/kg, single intra-peritoneal injection of STZ in all groups. At the end of the experiment (56th day), blood samples were taken for determination of testosterone, LH,FSH, total anti-oxidant capacity, and levels of malondialdehyde, SOD, Catalase and GPX. All rats were euthanized, testes were dissected out and spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis for analysis. RESULTS Sperm numbers, percentages of sperm viability and motility, and total serum testosterone increased in ginger and cinnamon and combined ginger and cinnamon treated diabetic rats compared with control groups. Serum testosterone, LH and FSH were higher compared to control group and also serum anti-oxidants (TAC, SOD, GPX and catalase) all were increased at the end of treatment. Combined ginger and cinnamon showed more intense increase in all parameters compare to ginger and cinnamon alone. Most of the results were significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded that combined ginger and cinnamon have significant beneficial effects on the sperm viability, motility, and serum total testosterone, LH,FSH and serum anti-oxidants' level and could be effective for maintaining healthy sperm parameters and male reproductive function in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Khaki
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Sadeghpour Golzar
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nava Ainehchi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Modulation of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke following Ayurveda (Indian System of Medicine) Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:634695. [PMID: 24971149 PMCID: PMC4058279 DOI: 10.1155/2014/634695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in stroke has implications on morbidity and mortality. Ayurveda (Indian system of medicine) describes stroke as pakshaghata. We intended to study the effect of Ayurveda therapies on the cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Methods. Fifty patients of ischemic stroke (middle cerebral artery territory) (mean age 39.26 ± 9.88 years; male 43, female 7) were recruited within one month of ictus. All patients received standard allopathic medications as advised by neurologist. In addition, patients were randomized to receive physiotherapy (Group I) or Ayurveda treatment (Group II) for 14 days. Continuous electrocardiogram and finger arterial pressure were recorded for 15 min before and after treatments and analyzed offline to obtain heart rate and blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Results were analysed by RMANOVA. Results. Patients in Group II showed statistically significant improvement in cardiac autonomic parameters. The standard deviation of normal to normal intervals,and total and low frequency powers were significantly enhanced (F = 8.16, P = 0.007, F = 9.73, P = 0.004, F = 13.51, and P = 0.001, resp.). The BRS too increased following the treatment period (F = 10.129, P = 0.004). Conclusions. The current study is the first to report a positive modulation of cardiac autonomic activity after adjuvant Ayurveda treatment in ischemic stroke. Further long term studies are warranted.
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Li W, Nie D, Chen W, Xu C, Yi X, Shi J, Tian M, Qin J, Jin G, Tu W. Therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on neonatal rat hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:35-45. [PMID: 24265136 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Changzhou Children's Hospital; Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Qinfen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics; Changzhou Children's Hospital; Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Beike Biotechnology Ltd.; Taizhou Jiangsu China
| | - Dekang Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics; Changzhou Children's Hospital; Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Jinhong Shi
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy; Nantong University; Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Department of Pediatrics; Changzhou Children's Hospital; Changzhou Jiangsu China
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