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Sabir DK, Al-Masri A, Aldayel MF, Sharaf AA. Modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunctions on cardiotoxicity induced by aluminum phosphide pesticide using resveratrol. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:727-735. [PMID: 38486414 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2331768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural fumigant pesticide aluminum phosphide (AlP) is cardiotoxic. Water causes AlP to emit phosphine gas, a cardiac toxin that affects heart function and causes cardiogenic shock. AlP poisoning's high fatality rate is due to cardiotoxicity. This study examines how resveratrol reduces oxidative stress, mitochondrial activity, and apoptosis in human cardiac myocyte (HCM) cells. After determining the optimal doses of resveratrol using the MTT test, HCM cells were subjected to a 24-h treatment of resveratrol following exposure to AlP (2.36 μM). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in HCM cells were investigated. Also, the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, caspace-3 activity, and apoptosis were assessed. The present investigation revealed that AlP substantially increased the level of ROS and decreased SOD activation, which were significantly modulated by resveratrol in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, AlP induced an elevation of mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and MMP collapse. Co-administration of resveratrol significantly reduced above mitochondrial markers. AlP also significantly upregulated BAX and downregulated Bcl-2 expression, elevated caspace-3 activity, and apoptosis. Resveratrol co-administration was able to meaningfully modulate the mentioned parameters and finally reduce apoptosis. In conclusion, resveratrol, via its pleotropic properties, significantly demonstrated cytoprotective effects on HCM cytotoxicity induced by AlP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema K Sabir
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah F Aldayel
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Sharaf
- Jeddah Second Health Cluster-King Fahad General Hospital, Laboratory and Blood Bank Department-NAT Lab, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Li L, Shan C, Liu Q, Li B, Liu T. Comparative Analysis of the Metabolic Profiles of Strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Adults with Different Levels of Phosphine Resistance Based on Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:7721. [PMID: 38067452 PMCID: PMC10707947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of phosphine (PH3) resistance in stored grain pests is an essential component of implementing timely and effective pest control strategies. The prevailing standard method for PH3 resistance testing involves the exposure of adult insects to a specific concentration over a fixed period. Although it is widely adopted, this method necessitates an extensive period for assay preparation and diagnosis. To address this issue, this study employed Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction (DI-SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to compare and analyze the metabolic profiles of PH3-sensitive (TC-S), PH3 weak-resistant (TC-W), and PH3 strong-resistant (TC-SR) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. A total of 36 metabolites were identified from 3 different PH3-resistant strains of T. castaneum; 29 metabolites were found to present significant differences (p < 0.05) across these groups, with hydrocarbon and aromatic compounds being particularly prevalent. Seven metabolites showed no significant variations among the strains, consisting of four hydrocarbon compounds, two iodo-hydrocarbon compounds, and one alcohol compound. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed a total of three, two, and nine differentially regulated metabolites between the TC-S versus TC-W, TC-S versus TC-SR, and TC-W versus TC-SR groups, respectively. Primarily, these metabolites comprised hydrocarbons and iodo-hydrocarbons, with the majority being associated with insect cuticle metabolism. This study demonstrates that DI-SPME technology is an effective method for studying differentially expressed metabolites in T. castaneum with different levels of PH3 resistance. This approach may help to provide a better understanding of the development of insect PH3 resistance and act as a valuable reference for the establishment of rapid diagnostic techniques for insect PH3 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. A3 Gaobeidianbeilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, China; (L.L.); (C.S.); (Q.L.); (B.L.)
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3
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Singh S, Nebapure SM, Taria S, Sagar D, Subramanian S. Current status of phosphine resistance in Indian field populations of Tribolium castaneum and its influence on antioxidant enzyme activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16497. [PMID: 37779157 PMCID: PMC10543590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to phosphine is widely reported in several stored product insect pests globally. However, knowledge of its prevalence and the association of antioxidant enzymes with phosphine resistance is limited. Herein, we assessed the levels of phosphine susceptibility and estimated the antioxidant enzyme activities viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) in selected Indian populations of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dose-response probit assays revealed that the LC50 values ranged from 0.038 to 1.277 mg L-1 showing 2.11 to 70.94-fold resistance to phosphine compared to susceptible check. Activities of antioxidant enzymes varied significantly between the T. castaneum populations following phosphine exposure. The magnitude of SOD activity ranged from 8.77 to18.82 U mg-1 protein, while, the activities of POX and CAT varied between 52.42 and 408.32 and 61.11 to 247.49 µM H2O2 reduced min-1 mg-1 of protein, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association of SOD (r = 0.89) and POX (r = 0.98) with increased resistance ratio, while the CAT (r = - 0.98) is negatively linked with resistance to phosphine. A principal component analysis identified phosphine resistance was closely associated with POX and SOD activities but was unrelated to the CAT activity. Our results throw light on the varied association of antioxidant enzyme activities in response to phosphine fumigation in field populations of T. castaneum. Further studies on the biochemical and molecular basis of phosphine stress in insects may help to devise suitable strategies to safeguard storage commodities and ensure a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyapriya Singh
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suresh M Nebapure
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sukumar Taria
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Doddachowdappa Sagar
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sabtharishi Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Allam P, Shakya S, Yadav V, KC S, Sedai H, Poddar E, Shrestha S, KC N, Mahato AK. Induction of Brugada electrocardiogram pattern with aluminum phosphide poisoning: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5105-5109. [PMID: 37811028 PMCID: PMC10553093 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a commonly used suicidal agent in an agrarian country like Nepal. The unmasking of the Brugada pattern in the electrocardiogram (ECG) associated with ALP poisoning is a rare phenomenon, and studies pertaining to it are scarce in the medical literature. Case presentation An 18-year-old female presented to the emergency department with multiple episodes of vomiting, headache, blurring of vision, and abdominal pain after 4 h of consumption of ALP with suicidal intent. A 12-lead ECG revealed a coved ST-segment elevation and T-wave inversion in leads V1-V3 with right bundle branch block suggestive of a type 1 Brugada pattern. Her past medical and family history was not significant. The patient made an uneventful recovery with the required supportive treatments. Clinical discussion Cardiac arrhythmias are the major cause of death in ALP poisoning. Unmasking of the Brugada ECG pattern is a rare but potentially fatal complication implicated in various pharmacological toxicities, including tricyclic antidepressants, cocaine, procainamide, disopyramide, flecainide, and rarely with ALP. Conclusions ALP poisoning can unmask the Brugada ECG pattern, which can lead to ventricular fibrillation and/or sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parbej Allam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
| | - Smriti Shakya
- Department of Cardiology, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Institute of Medicine
| | - Vijay Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Institute of Medicine
| | - Shradha KC
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
| | - Hari Sedai
- Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu
| | - Elisha Poddar
- Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu
| | - Suraj Shrestha
- Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu
| | - Niranjan KC
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
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Tang PA, Hu HY, Du WW, Jian FJ, Chen EH. Identification of cuticular protein genes and analysis of their roles in phosphine resistance of the rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105491. [PMID: 37532352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) is one of the most economically important stored grain pests, and it has evolved the high resistance to phosphine. Cuticular proteins (CPs) are the major structural components of insect cuticle, and previous studies have confirmed that CPs were involved in insecticide resistance. However, the CPs of C. ferrugineus are still poorly characterized, and thus we conducted transcriptome-wide identification of CP genes and analyze their possible relationships with phosphine resistance in this pest. In this study, a total of 122 putative CPs were annotated in the C. ferrugineus transcriptome data by blasting with the known CPs of Tribolium castaneum. The analysis of conserved motifs revealed these CPs of C. ferrugineus belonging to 9 different families, including 87 CPR, 13 CPAP1, 7 CPAP3, 3 Tweedle, 1 CPLCA, 1 CPLCG, 5 CPLCP, 2 CPCFC, and 3 CPFL proteins. The further phylogenetic analysis showed the different evolutionary patterns of CPs. Namely, we found some CPs (CPR family) formed species-specific protein clusters, indicating these CPs might occur independently among insect taxa, and while some other CPs (CPAP1 and CPAP3 family) shared a closer correlation based on the architecture of protein domains. Subsequently, the previous RNA-seq data were applied to establish the expression profiles of CPs in a phosphine susceptible and resistant populations of C. ferrugineus, and a large amount of CP genes were found to be over-expressed in resistant insects. Lastly, an up-regulated CP gene (CPR family) was selected for the further functional analysis, and after this gene was silenced via RNA interference (RNAi), the sensitivity to phosphine was significantly enhanced in C. ferrugineus. In conclusion, the present results provided us an overview of C. ferrugineus CPs, and which suggested that the CPs might play the critical roles in phosphine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-An Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Huai-Yue Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wen-Wei Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Fu-Ji Jian
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Hammud HH, Yar M, Bayach I, Ayub K. Covalent Triazine Framework C 6N 6 as an Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrogen-Containing Industrial Pollutants. A DFT Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1121. [PMID: 36986015 PMCID: PMC10053058 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Industrial pollutants pose a serious threat to ecosystems. Hence, there is a need to search for new efficient sensor materials for the detection of pollutants. In the current study, we explored the electrochemical sensing potential of a C6N6 sheet for H-containing industrial pollutants (HCN, H2S, NH3 and PH3) through DFT simulations. The adsorption of industrial pollutants over C6N6 occurs through physisorption, with adsorption energies ranging from -9.36 kcal/mol to -16.46 kcal/mol. The non-covalent interactions of analyte@C6N6 complexes are quantified by symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT0), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analyses. SAPT0 analyses show that electrostatic and dispersion forces play a dominant role in the stabilization of analytes over C6N6 sheets. Similarly, NCI and QTAIM analyses also verified the results of SAPT0 and interaction energy analyses. The electronic properties of analyte@C6N6 complexes are investigated by electron density difference (EDD), natural bond orbital analyses (NBO) and frontier molecular orbital analyses (FMO). Charge is transferred from the C6N6 sheet to HCN, H2S, NH3 and PH3. The highest exchange of charge is noted for H2S (-0.026 e-). The results of FMO analyses show that the interaction of all analytes results in changes in the EH-L gap of the C6N6 sheet. However, the highest decrease in the EH-L gap (2.58 eV) is observed for the NH3@C6N6 complex among all studied analyte@C6N6 complexes. The orbital density pattern shows that the HOMO density is completely concentrated on NH3, while the LUMO density is centred on the C6N6 surface. Such a type of electronic transition results in a significant change in the EH-L gap. Thus, it is concluded that C6N6 is highly selective towards NH3 compared to the other studied analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H. Hammud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imene Bayach
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Islamabad 22060, Pakistan
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Alzahrani SM, Ebert PR. Pesticidal Toxicity of Phosphine and Its Interaction with Other Pest Control Treatments. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2461-2473. [PMID: 36975531 PMCID: PMC10047108 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant for stored grains due to a lack of better alternatives, all of which have serious shortcomings that restrict their use. The extensive use of phosphine has led to the development of resistance among insect pests of grain, which threatens its status as a reliable fumigant. Understanding the mode of action of phosphine as well as its resistance mechanisms provides insight that may lead to improved phosphine efficacy and pest control strategies. The mechanisms of action in phosphine vary from disrupting metabolism and oxidative stress to neurotoxicity. Phosphine resistance is genetically inherited and is mediated by the mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase complex. In this regard, laboratory studies have revealed treatments that synergistically enhance phosphine toxicity that may be used to suppress resistance development and enhance efficacy. Here, we discuss the reported phosphine modes of action, mechanisms of resistance and interactions with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M. Alzahrani
- Advanced Agricultural & Food Technology Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Kim K, Kim C, Yoo J, Kim JR, Kim YH, Lee SE. Phosphine gas in the dark induces severe phytotoxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana by increasing a hypoxia stress response and disrupting the energy metabolism: Transcriptomic approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130141. [PMID: 36241498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) is an ideal fumigant alternative on methyl bromide (MB) as MB has been classified as an ozone-depleting substance. However, several challenges limit its efficient use in crop production, including the emergence of PH3-resistant insect pests and the incidence of phytotoxic effects on nursery plants. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying PH3 phytotoxicity in plants using transcriptomic techniques. Fumigation with 2 g/m3 PH3 induced phytotoxic effects in A. thaliana, as evidenced by a decrease in growth and vegetation indices compared to the control group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PH3 fumigation phytotoxicity responses in A. thaliana involve genes related to hypoxia stress and energy metabolism. Additionally, pretreatment with ethylene induced pre-adaptation to hypoxia under light conditions during fumigation effectively suppressed the phytotoxic effects of PH3 in A. thaliana by increasing the expression of hypoxia-adaptive genes. Moreover, the phytotoxicity of PH3 was also confirmed in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.), and was dependent on light. Overall, our findings showed that fumigation under light conditions and ethylene pretreatment could be used to minimize PH3-induced phytotoxic effects in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongnam Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Yoo
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ran Kim
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Shen Y, Jiang D, Wang T, Li M, Wang Y, Li J, Yan H, Yuan M, Ji Y, Shen Y, Yuan D, Huang Z. Blocking vicious cycle of cardiac dysfunction by external cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the key to rescue acute aluminium phosphide poisoning. Perfusion 2023; 38:214-219. [PMID: 34617832 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211046868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium phosphide (ALP) and aluminium zinc phosphide (ZnP), the two main ingredients of fumigation drugs, are commonly used to kill insects or rodents in grain. When exposed to water, highly toxic phosphine gas is released and absorbed through the respiratory or digestive tract. Phosphine gas could non-selectively block cytochrome oxidase, inhibit electron transfer and suppress oxidative phosphorylation, leading to cellular hypoxia and organ dysfunction. The characteristic clinical manifestations are refractory shock and metabolic acidosis with high mortality. However, patients with ALP poisoning have a chance to be cured. Here, we report a case of oral ALP poisoning that was successfully treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) during frequent ventricular fibrillation and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daishan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haixia Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingjun Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunlan Ji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanbo Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dingshan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
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Khezri MR, Varzandeh R, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Protective effects of metformin against aluminum phosphide-induced acute hepato-renal damage in rats: An experimental approach. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105258. [PMID: 36464363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3), from hydrolysis of magnesium, zinc, and aluminum phosphide (AlP), is a rodenticide and insecticide which is used to avoid losses of the agriculture products. However, using of this agent may affect the human health, in a way that poisoning with AlP has a high rate of mortality and morbidities. This study determined the ameliorative effects of metformin (MET) on AlP-induced hepato- and nephro-toxicity in Wistar rats. Male rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Group I was the control group received coconut oil by oral gavage, group II was the model group received AlP (12 mg/kg) distributed in coconut oil by oral gavage, group III received MET (200 mg/kg; i.p.), and group IV received MET (200 mg/kg; i.p.) 30 min after intoxication. After 24 h, the serum, liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological and biochemical investigations. The levels of kidney function markers, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and liver function markers, ALP, AST and ALT, in the plasma were increased significantly followed by AlP intoxication. The results revealed that phosphine causes a significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation, while decreases the activity of superoxide dismutase in both liver and kidney tissues. Furthermore, phosphine significantly induced the up-regulation of TNF-α and phosphorylation of NF-κB in target tissues. Overall, treatment with MET abolished aforementioned alterations resulted by AlP intoxication. Furthermore, histological evaluation indicated a deleterious effect of AlP on the liver and kidney tissues along with marked increase in kidney and liver injury scores, which is mitigated by MET administration. According to our results, although metformin could not bring the changes to the level of the control group, it was indicated that this drug might possess a protective effect against AlP-induced hepato and nephrotoxicity by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Varzandeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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11
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Rahimi Kakavandi N, Asadi T, Hooshangi Shayesteh MR, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Baghaei A, Noruzi M, Sharifzadeh M, Abdollahi M. The electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical evaluation of treatment with edaravone on acute cardiac toxicity of aluminum phosphide. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032941. [PMID: 36278198 PMCID: PMC9581139 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning can be highly fatal due to its severe toxicity to the heart. Based on the evidence, edaravone (EDA) has protective effects on various pathological conditions of the heart. This research aimed to examine the potential protective effects of EDA on AlP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into six groups, including almond oil (control), normal saline, AlP (LD50), and AlP + EDA (20, 30, and 45 mg/kg). Thirty minutes following AlP poisoning, the electrocardiographic (ECG), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) parameters were examined for 180 min. The EDA was injected 60 min following the AlP poisoning intraperitoneally. Also, 24 h after poisoning, echocardiography was carried out to evaluate the ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). The biochemical and molecular parameters, such as the activities of the mitochondrial complexes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and necrosis, and troponin I and lactate levels, were also examined after 12 and 24 h in the heart tissue. According to the results, AlP-induced ECG abnormalities, decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, SV, EF%, and CO were significantly improved with EDA at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg. Likewise, EDA significantly improved complex I and IV activity, apoptosis and necrosis, ROS, troponin I, and lactate levels following AlP-poisoning (p < 0.05). Also, the mean survival time was increased following EDA treatment, which can be attributed to the EDA’s protective effects against diverse underlying mechanisms of phosphine-induced cardiac toxicity. These findings suggest that EDA, by ameliorating heart function and modulating mitochondrial activity, might relieve AlP-induced cardiotoxicity. Nonetheless, additional investigations are required to examine any potential clinical advantages of EDA in this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi Kakavandi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Asadi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Baghaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Noruzi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Abdollahi,
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12
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Alnajim I, Aldosary N, Agarwal M, Liu T, Du X, Ren Y. Role of Lipids in Phosphine Resistant Stored-Grain Insect Pests Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica. INSECTS 2022; 13:798. [PMID: 36135499 PMCID: PMC9503450 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insects rely on lipids as an energy source to perform various activities, such as growth, flight, diapause, and metamorphosis. This study evaluated the role of lipids in phosphine resistance by stored-grain insects. Phosphine resistant and susceptible strains of the two main stored-grain insects, Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica, were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) to determine their lipid contents. Phosphine resistant strains of both species had a higher amount of lipids than susceptible stains. Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of T. castaneum were observed for glycerolipids (1.13- to 53.10-fold) and phospholipids (1.05- to 20.00-fold). Significant variance ratios between the resistant and susceptible strains of R. dominica for glycerolipids were 1.04- to 31.50-fold and for phospholipids were 1.04- to 10.10-fold. Glycerolipids are reservoirs to face the long-term energy shortage. Phospholipids act as a barrier to isolate the cells from the surrounding environment and allow each cell to perform its specific function. Thus, lipids offer a consistent energy source for the resistant insect to survive under the stress of phosphine fumigation and provide a suitable environment to protect the mitochondria from phosphine. Hence, it was proposed through this study that the lipid content of phosphine-resistant and phosphine-susceptible strains of T. castaneum and R. dominica could play an important role in the resistance of phosphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Alnajim
- Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Naser Aldosary
- Date Palm Research Center, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
| | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Chemcentre, Resources and Chemistry Precinct, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. A3, Gaobeidianbeilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Xin Du
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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13
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Kaur K, Kaur P, Kumar S, Zalpouri R, Singh M. Ozonation as a Potential Approach for Pesticide and Microbial Detoxification of Food Grains with a Focus on Nutritional and Functional Quality. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Preetinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ruchika Zalpouri
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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14
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Naeem A, Qureshi AW, Arshad S, Shehzadi A, Kamran A, Noreen S. Biochemical Toxic Response of Phosphine on Human Health Estimated From Enzymatic Variance in Trogoderma granarium. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221095327. [PMID: 35651889 PMCID: PMC9150239 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221095327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of the current study was to study the possible pernicious effects of phosphine gas on enzyme activity alterations in Trogoderma granarium to determine its harmfulness to human beings after its prolonged exposure and intake. The saline extract of the adult Khapra beetle was biochemically analyzed at different doses, that is, from 10ppm to 30ppm, to accurately evaluate the effects of various phosphine concentrations (LC30 and LC50) on 2 distinct strains of this insect pest gathered from different godowns of Pakistan as resistant (Chitral [Chi], Haroon Abad [Hbd], and Lahore [Lhr]) and susceptible (Faqeer wali [Fqw], Khanewal [Khw], and Rawalpindi [Rwp]) populations. Our experimental results suggest that the enzyme levels (AcP, AkP, ALAT, ASAT, LDH, and ICDH) seemed to be elevated with increasing dosage of phosphine from 10ppm to 30ppm in the resistant populace of the susceptible ones. It also illustrates that phosphine and its residues can inhibit the workability of certain enzymes that are vital for respiration and neuro reactions in hexapods and mammals. It has detrimental effects of phosphine on human health profile to consume stored food products containing such tenacious enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Naeem
- University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Shafia Arshad
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Asim Kamran
- Department of Wildlife and Parks Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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15
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Chemoselective Hydrosilylation of Carboxylic Acids using a Phosphine-free Ruthenium Complex and Phenylsilane. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Moshrefi Zenoozi Z, Soltaninezhad B, Hashemi M, Noori SMA. A review of effective essential oils and their biologically active compounds to protect the safety of food stored against insect pests. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2032420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moshrefi Zenoozi
- Department of Food and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Batool Soltaninezhad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Optimization Method for Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Medicinal Plant ( Juniperus procera) and Phytochemicals Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247454. [PMID: 34946537 PMCID: PMC8708409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Juniperus procera is a natural source of bioactive compounds with the potential of antitumor, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. An optimization method was developed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC) in leaf and seed extract of Juniperus procera. Organic solvents (methanol (99.8%), ethanol (99%), and acetone (99.5%)), and deionized water (DI) were used for extraction. The estimation of TPC, TFC, and TTC in plant materials was carried out using UV-spectrophotometer and HPLC with the standards gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid. Recovery of TPC in leaf extract ranged from 2.9 to 9.7 mg GAE/g DW, TFC from 0.9 to 5.9 mg QE/g DW, and TTC ranged from 1.5 to 4.3 mg TA/g DW while the TPC value in the seed extract ranged from 0.53 to 2.6 mg GAE/g DW, TFC from 0.5 to 1.6 mg QE/g DW, and TTC ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 mg TA/g DW. This result revealed that methanol is the best solvent for recovery of the TPC value (9.7 mg) from leaf extract in comparison to other solvents. Ethanol recorded the highest result of TFC (5.9 mg) in leaf extract among the solvents whereas acetone was the best for TTC yield recovery from leaf extract (4.3 mg). In the case of the seed extract, ethanol was the best solvent for both TPC (2.6 mg), and TFC (1.6 mg) recovery in comparison to other solvents. Total tannin content in methanol resulted in significant recovery from seed extract (1.4 mg). Separation and quantification of gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid in plant materials were undertaken using HPLC. Gallic acid in leaf and seed of J. procera ranged from 6.6 to 9.2, 6.5 to 7.2 µg/g DW, quercetin from 6.3 to 18.2, 0.9 to 4.2 µg/g DW, and tannic acid from 16.2 to 29.3, 6.6 to 9.3 µg/g DW, respectively. Solvents have shown a significant effect in the extraction of phenolic compounds. Moreover, phytochemicals in plant materials were identified using GC-MS and resulted in very important bioactive compounds, which include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor agents such as ferruginol, phenanthrene, and n-hexadecanoic acid. In conclusion, the optimal solvent for extraction depends on the part of the plant material and the compounds that are to be isolated.
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18
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Hooshangi Shayesteh MR, Haghi-Aminjan H, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Hassani S, Gholami M, Momtaz S, Salami SA, Armandeh M, Bameri B, Samadi M, Mousavi T, Ostad SN, Abdollahi M. Modification of the hemodynamic and molecular features of phosphine, a potent mitochondrial toxicant in the heart, by cannabidiol. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:288-301. [PMID: 34711111 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1998851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning is common in many countries responsible for high mortality. The heart is the main target organ in AlP poisoning. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in reducing heart injuries. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of CBD on cardiac toxicity caused by AlP poisoning. Study groups included almond oil, normal saline, sole CBD (100 µg/kg), AlP (11.5 mg/kg), and four groups of AlP + CBD (following AlP gavage, CBD administrated at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/kg via intravenous (iv) injection). Thirty minutes after AlP treatment, an electronic cardiovascular device (PowerLab) was used to record electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) for three hours. Cardiac tissue was examined for the activities of mitochondrial complexes, ADP/ATP ratio, the release of cytochrome C, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, oxidative stress parameter, and cardiac biomarkers at 12 and 24 hours time points. AlP administration caused abnormal ECG, decreased HR, and BP. AlP also significantly reduced mitochondrial complex I and IV activity and ADP/ATP ratio. The level of cytochrome C release, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cardiac biomarkers was considerably increased by AlP, which was compensated following CBD administration. CBD was able to improve hemodynamic function to some extent in AlP poisoned rats. CBD restored ATP levels and mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative damage and thus, prevented the heart cells from entering the apoptotic stage. Further clinical trials are needed to explore any possible benefits of CBD in AlP-poisoned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Armandeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bameri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taraneh Mousavi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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19
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D'Imperio S, Monasky MM, Micaglio E, Ciconte G, Anastasia L, Pappone C. Brugada Syndrome: Warning of a Systemic Condition? Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:771349. [PMID: 34722688 PMCID: PMC8553994 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.771349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a hereditary disorder, characterized by a specific electrocardiogram pattern and highly related to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. BrS has been associated with other cardiac and non-cardiac pathologies, probably because of protein expression shared by the heart and other tissue types. In fact, the most commonly found mutated gene in BrS, SCN5A, is expressed throughout nearly the entire body. Consistent with this, large meals and alcohol consumption can trigger arrhythmic events in patients with BrS, suggesting a role for organs involved in the digestive and metabolic pathways. Ajmaline, a drug used to diagnose BrS, can have side effects on non-cardiac tissues, such as the liver, further supporting the idea of a role for organs involved in the digestive and metabolic pathways in BrS. The BrS electrocardiogram (ECG) sign has been associated with neural, digestive, and metabolic pathways, and potential biomarkers for BrS have been found in the serum or plasma. Here, we review the known associations between BrS and various organ systems, and demonstrate support for the hypothesis that BrS is not only a cardiac disorder, but rather a systemic one that affects virtually the whole body. Any time that the BrS ECG sign is found, it should be considered not a single disease, but rather the final step in any number of pathways that ultimately threaten the patient's life. A multi-omics approach would be appropriate to study this syndrome, including genetics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics, resulting eventually in a biomarker for BrS and the ability to diagnose this syndrome using a minimally invasive blood test, avoiding the risk associated with ajmaline testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D'Imperio
- Arrhythmology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle M Monasky
- Arrhythmology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Arrhythmology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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20
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. Suppression of a core metabolic enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ( dld) protects against amyloid beta toxicity in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Genes Dis 2021; 8:849-866. [PMID: 34522713 PMCID: PMC8427249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in energy metabolism is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is not known whether the observed decrease exacerbates or protects against the disease. The importance of energy metabolism in AD is reinforced by the observation that variants of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), is genetically linked to late-onset AD. To determine whether DLD is a suitable therapeutic target, we suppressed the dld-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans that express human Aβ peptide in either muscles or neurons. Suppression of the dld-1 gene resulted in significant restoration of vitality and function that had been degraded by Aβ pathology. This included protection of neurons and muscles cells. The observed decrease in proteotoxicity was associated with a decrease in the formation of toxic oligomers rather than a decrease in the abundance of the Aβ peptide. The mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), which like dld-1 gene expression inhibits ATP synthesis, had no significant effect on Aβ toxicity. Proteomics data analysis revealed that beneficial effects after dld-1 suppression could be due to change in energy metabolism and activation of the pathways associated with proteasomal degradation, improved cell signaling and longevity. Thus, some features unique to dld-1 gene suppression are responsible for the therapeutic benefit. By direct genetic intervention, we have shown that acute inhibition of dld-1 gene function may be therapeutically beneficial. This result supports the hypothesis that lowering energy metabolism protects against Aβ pathogenicity and that DLD warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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21
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Bameri B, Armandeh M, Baeeri M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Rahimifard M, Hassani S, Hooshangi Shayesteh MR, Samadi M, Gholami M, Nayebpour M, Ostad SN, Abdollahi M. Electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and biochemical evidence on the protective effects of exenatide against phosphine-induced cardiotoxicity in rat model. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S381-S396. [PMID: 34569344 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning can be deadly in most cases targeting the heart. To overcome AlP toxicity, exenatide has been studied in the present study due to its pleiotropic effects on cardiac damages. In this study, the rats were exposed to LD50 of AlP (10 mg/kg) by gavage, and exenatide at doses (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally 30 min after poisoning. The cardiac parameters including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), QRS, corrected QT (QTc), and ST were monitored for 180 min. Blood glucose level was measured in the study groups 30 min after exenatide injection. Evaluation of biochemical parameters including mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV activities, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptosis, lactate, troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was done on heart tissues after 12 and 24 h. Additionally, the tissues were analyzed for any pathological damages including necrosis, hemorrhage, or hyperemia 24 h post-treatment. Our results showed that AlP-induced HR, BP, and electrocardiographic changes were improved by exenatide at all doses. The blood glucose levels of poisoned animals reached control levels after exenatide treatment. Besides, treatment with exenatide at all doses improved complexes I and IV activity, ADP/ATP ratio, and apoptosis. Malondialdehyde, lactate, troponin I, and BNP levels were also diminished after exenatide co-treatment in poisoned animals. On the other hand, administration of exenatide doses improved the histopathology of AlP-induced tissues. Based on our findings, exenatide has a protective effect against phosphine-induced cardiotoxicity in an almost dose-dependent way. However, further investigations are needed on the potential clinical use of exenatide in this poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bameri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Armandeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, 48413Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48413Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hooshangi Shayesteh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nayebpour
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Hartog MA, Lewandowski RJ, Hofmann CS, Melber AA, Rothwell CC, Sherman K, Andres J, Tressler JA, Sciuto AM, Wong B, Hoard-Fruchey HM. Transcriptomic Characterization of Inhalation Phosphine Toxicity in Adult Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2032-2044. [PMID: 34427094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) is a highly toxic, corrosive, flammable, heavier-than-air gas that is a commonly used fumigant. When used as a fumigant, PH3 can be released from compressed gas tanks or produced from commercially available metal phosphide tablets. Although the mechanism of toxicity is unclear, PH3 is thought to be a metabolic poison. PH3 exposure induces multiorgan toxicity, and no effective antidotes or therapeutics have been identified. Current medical treatment consists largely of supportive care and maintenance of cardiovascular function. To better characterize the mechanism(s) driving PH3-induced toxicity, we have performed transcriptomic analysis on conscious adult male Sprague-Dawley rats following whole-body inhalation exposure to phosphine gas at various concentration-time products. PH3 exposure induced concentration- and time-dependent changes in gene expression across multiple tissues. These gene expression changes were mapped to pathophysiological responses using molecular pathway analysis. Toxicity pathways indicative of cardiac dysfunction, cardiac arteriopathy, and cardiac enlargement were identified. These cardiotoxic responses were linked to apelin-mediated cardiomyocyte and cardiac fibroblast signaling pathways. Evaluation of gene expression changes in blood revealed alterations in pathways associated with the uptake, transport, and utilization of iron. Altered erythropoietin signaling was also observed in the blood. Upstream regulator analysis identified several therapeutics predicted to counteract PH3-induced gene expression changes. These include antihypertensive drugs (losartan, candesartan, and prazosin) and therapeutics to reduce pathological cardiac remodeling (curcumin and TIMP3). This transcriptomics study has characterized molecular pathways involved in PH3-induced cardiotoxicity. These data will aid in elucidating a precise mechanism of toxicity for PH3 and guide the development of effective medical countermeasures for PH3-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Hartog
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Rebecca J Lewandowski
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Christopher S Hofmann
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Ashley A Melber
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Cristin C Rothwell
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Katherine Sherman
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Jaclynn Andres
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Justin A Tressler
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Alfred M Sciuto
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Heidi M Hoard-Fruchey
- Medical Toxicology Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
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23
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Niknahad H, Heidari R, Hashemi A, Jamshidzadeh A, Rashedinia M. Antidotal effect of dihydroxyacetone against phosphine poisoning in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22897. [PMID: 34448514 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3 ) is widely used as an insecticide and rodenticide. On the contrary, many cases of PH3 poisoning have been reported worldwide. Unfortunately, there is no specific antidote against PH3 toxicity. Disruption of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism is a well-known mechanism of PH3 cytotoxicity. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is an adenosine triphosphate supplying agent which significantly improves mitochondrial function. The current study was designed to evaluate DHA's effect on inhalational PH3 poisoning in an animal model. DHA was injected into BALB/c mice before and/or after the start of the PH3 inhalation. The cytochrome c oxidase activity was assessed in the animals' brain, heart, and liver exposed to PH3 (for 15, 30, and 60 min, with and without the antidote). The LC50 of PH3 was calculated to be 18.02 (15.42-20.55) ppm over 2 h of exposure. Pretreatment of DHA (1 or 2 g/kg) increased the LC50 of PH3 by about 1.6- or 3-fold, respectively. Posttreatment with DHA (2 g/kg) increased the LC50 of PH3 by about 1.4-fold. PH3 inhibited the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in the assessed organs. It was found that DHA treatment restored mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. These findings suggested that DHA could be an effective antidote for PH3 poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asieh Hashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashedinia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Samadi M, Baeeri M, Haghi-Aminjan H, Rahimifard M, Gholami M, Hassani S, Sattari M, Azarmi Y, Bameri B, Armandeh M, Hooshangi Shayesteh MR, Eghbal MA, Abdollahi M. On the mechanisms of taurine in alleviating electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and biochemical parameters following aluminum phosphide cardiotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112347. [PMID: 34139304 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminum phosphide (AlP) causes severe cardiotoxicity. Taurine has been chosen for the present study because of its positive known effects on cardiac injuries. METHOD To evaluate AlP-induced cardiotoxicity, the animals were divided into seven groups, including the control group, the taurine group (500 mg/kg), AlP with LD50 dose, AlP + taurine 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg group. To assess cardiac hemodynamic parameters, Wistar rats received taurine intraperitoneally 60 min after AlP gavage. Cardiac hemodynamic parameters were evaluated for 180 min. To study biochemical parameters, 24 h after AlP treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and heart tissues were collected. RESULT ECG, BP, and HR abnormalities of AlP poisoning were improved by taurine treatment. AlP induced biochemical alterations including complexes I and IV activities, the ADP/ATP ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome C release, and oxidative stress biomarkers ameliorated by taurine. Moreover, taurine improved apoptosis, as well as lessened CK-MB and troponin I levels. Also, there were no significant changes between taurine 500 mg/kg and the control group in tests. CONCLUSION The present findings showed that taurine could be a possible candidate for AlP cardiotoxicity treatment via the effect on mitochondrial electron transfer chain and maintaining intracellular ATP balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahedeh Samadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sattari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Azarmi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bameri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Armandeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hooshangi Shayesteh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Eghbal
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Tuet WY, Pierce SA, Racine MC, Stone S, Pueblo E, Dukes A, Tressler J, Jennings L, McCranor BJ, Wong B. Cardiopulmonary effects of phosphine poisoning: A preliminary evaluation of milrinone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115652. [PMID: 34298059 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to phosphine (PH3) presents with a host of diverse, non-specific symptoms that span multiple organ systems and is characterized by a high mortality rate. While a comprehensive mechanism for PH3 poisoning remains inconclusive, prior studies have implicated cardiac failure and circulatory compromise as potential pathways central to PH3-induced mortality. In this study, milrinone (MLR), a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor used to treat cardiac failure, was investigated as a potential countermeasure for PH3 poisoning. Lethality, physiological responses, and behavioral changes were evaluated in telemetrized female rats pretreated with water (sham) or one of three doses of MLR (40, 200, or 600 μg/kg) and exposed to PH3 (660 ppm for 25-40 min; 16,500-26,400 ppm × min). Animals receiving prophylactic administration of 600 μg/kg of MLR had nominally improved survivability compared to sham animals, although median lethal concentration-time and time of death did not differ substantially between treatment groups. Changes in respiration and behavior induced by PH3 appeared largely unaffected by MLR pretreatment, regardless of dose. Conversely, MLR pretreatment alleviated some aspects of PH3-induced cardiac function impairment, with slight dose-dependent effects observed for cardiac contractility, mean arterial pressure, and QRS duration. Together, these results illustrate the importance of circulatory compromise in PH3 poisoning and highlight the potential viability of MLR as a potential countermeasure option or part of a countermeasure regimen when administered prophylactically at 600 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y Tuet
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Samuel A Pierce
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Michelle C Racine
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Samuel Stone
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Erin Pueblo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Aliyah Dukes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Justin Tressler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Laura Jennings
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Bryan J McCranor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA.
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26
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Yang Y, Wei S, Zhang B, Li W. Recent Progress in Environmental Toxins-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Protective Potential of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699193. [PMID: 34305607 PMCID: PMC8296636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are unconsciously exposed to environmental toxins including heavy metals as well as various pesticides, which have deleterious effects on human health. Accumulating studies pointed out that exposure to environmental toxins was associated with various cardiopathologic effects. This review summarizes the main mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induced by environmental toxins (cadmium, arsenic and pesticides) and discusses the potential preventive effects of natural products. These findings will provide a theoretical basis and novel agents for the prevention and treatment of environmental toxins-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, the limitations of current studies, future needs and priorities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Hafez AA, Samiei S, Salimi A, Jamali Z, Khezri S, Sheikhghaderi H. Calcitriol attenuates the cytotoxicity induced by aluminium phosphide via inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat isolated cardiomyocytes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 176:104883. [PMID: 34119212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
These days, poisoning with aluminium phosphide (AlP), is one of the main health threats in human societies. Previous studies have been reported that cardiotoxicity induced by AlP, via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the main cause of death in victims. On the other, collectively, multiple lines of evidence strongly suggest that calcitriol has mitochondrial protective and antioxidant effects. Therefore, we assumed that calcitriol could presumably ameliorate AlP-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were isolated by differential centrifugation and collagenase perfusion respectively from rat heart. The isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria were cotreated with different concentrations of calcitriol (0.2, 0.4 and 1 μg/ml) and AlP (20 μg/ml) for 3 h. The parameters of cellular toxicity including; cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, lysosomal membrane integrity, the level of oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH and GSSG), and mitochondrial toxicity parameters including; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and mitochondrial swelling were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometric evaluations. Administration of AlP significantly increased cytotoxicity, GSH depletion, cellular ROS formation, MDA level, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in isolated cardiomyocytes. In isolated mitochondria, AlP decreased SDH activity and mitochondrial swelling. The cotreatment of isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria with calcitriol (0.4 and 1 μg/ml) and AlP (20 μg/ml) showed the ability to reduce the toxic effects of AlP. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of calcitriol in protecting cardiomyocytes and cardiac mitochondria from oxidative damage induced by AlP. According to the results, calcitriol exerted ameliorative effects against AlP-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial toxicity, and the effect was attributed to the antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ashrafi Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Samiei
- School of Medicine, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hiva Sheikhghaderi
- School of paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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28
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Yadav D, Bhattacharyya R, Banerjee D. Acute aluminum phosphide poisoning: The menace of phosphine exposure. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:34-42. [PMID: 34077754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a popular fumigant used widely for the safe storage of food grain. Although A1P is free from toxic residues, it releases phosphine which acts on mitochondrial components of almost all types of pests. Unfortunately A1P is also a common suicidal agent in developing countries with no known antidote. In addition, accidental exposure to phosphine may also occur. AlP poisoning affects cardiac and vascular tissue directly and can result in multiorgan system failure leading to death in severe cases. There is no specific biomarker for diagnosing AlP poisoning and management depends on a high level of clinical suspicion. Although acetylcholinesterase has been suggested as a surrogate biomarker of AlP exposure, there are opposing views. In this review, we analyzed the relevant published material with emphasis on the need to recognize and explore the use of plasma mitochondrial enzyme activity as a potential biomarker for AlP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rajasri Bhattacharyya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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29
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Metabolic Labeling of Live Stem Cell for In Vitro Imaging and In Vivo Tracking. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 30997638 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy offers promising solutions to diseases and injuries that traditional medicines and therapies can't effectively cure. To get and explain their full therapeutic potentials, the survival, viability, integration, homing, and differentiation of stem cells after transplant must be clearly understood. To meet these urgent needs, noninvasive stem cell imaging and tracking technologies have been developed. Metabolic labeling technique is one of the most powerful tools for live cell imaging and tracking. In addition, it has many advantages for in vivo live cell imaging and tracking such as low background, correlation of survival, and very toxic and nontoxic by-products. Herein, we described the fundamental information and process of metabolic labeling techniques and suggested optimal condition for in vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (hUCB-EPCs). Based on this study, metabolic labeling techniques can be helpful for understanding the safety and effectiveness of stem cell-based therapy and determining the utility of stem cells in downstream experiments.
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30
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Werner SJ, DeLiberto ST, McLean HE, Horak KE, VerCauteren KC. Toxicity of sodium nitrite-based vertebrate pesticides for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246277. [PMID: 33667226 PMCID: PMC7935278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, invasive animals rank second only to habitat destruction as the greatest threat to global biodiversity. Socially-acceptable and cost-effective strategies are needed to reduce the negative economic and environmental impacts of invasive animals. We investigated the potential for sodium nitrite (SN; CAS 7632-00-0) to serve as an avian toxicant for European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.). We also assessed the non-target hazard of an experimental formulation of SN that is being developed as a toxicant for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa L.). In gavage experiments with European starlings, we identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for mortality of 2.40% technical SN (w/v; 120 mg SN/kg body mass) and a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for mortality of 1.30% technical SN (65 mg/kg). The exposure of ten starlings to the experimental formulation of SN (10% SN pig toxicant) resulted in one starling mortality during four days of exposure to the toxic bait. Sodium nitrite toxicity presented a moderate hazard to European starlings; thus, the future development of SN as an avian toxicant is dependent upon its cost-effectiveness. We discuss the management of toxic effects and non-target hazards of SN for wild birds, including best practices for toxic baiting of vertebrate pests and management of invasive wild pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Werner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shelagh T. DeLiberto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailey E. McLean
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Horak
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kurt C. VerCauteren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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31
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Chen EH, Duan JY, Song W, Wang DX, Tang PA. RNA-seq Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial and Cuticular Protein Genes Are Associated with Phosphine Resistance in the Rusty Grain Beetle (Coleoptera:Laemophloeidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:440-453. [PMID: 33346362 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), is a serious pest of stored grain, which has developed high levels of resistance to phosphine. In this study, five geographically distant populations of C. ferrugineus had been collected in China, specifically in granaries where phosphine fumigant is used for pest control, and they showed a high resistance ratio up to 1,907 (LC50 = 21.0 mg/liter). Then, a reference transcriptome was constructed to use as a basis for investigating the molecular mechanisms of phosphine resistance in this species, which consisted of 47,006 unigenes with a mean length of 1,090. Subsequently, the RNA-Seq analysis of individuals from the most susceptible and resistant populations led to the identification of 54 genes that are differentially expressed. GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that genes associated with mitochondrial and respiration functions were significantly enriched. Also, the 'structural constituent of cuticle' term was annotated in the GO enrichment analysis and further qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression levels of nine cuticular protein genes were significantly increased in the resistant population. In conclusion, we present here a transcriptome-wide overview of gene expression changes between resistant and susceptible populations of C. ferrugineus, and this in turn documents that mitochondria and cuticular protein genes may play together a crucial role in phosphine resistance. Further gene function analysis should enable the provision of advice to expedite resistance management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Yan Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dian-Xuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain Storage Security, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pei-An Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Shakur AM, Garba NA, Ahmadu I, Apollos D, Asani MO, Aliyu I. Accidental poisoning with aluminum phosphide presenting with excessive cholinergic symptoms with response to atropine: A case report. Avicenna J Med 2021; 11:58-61. [PMID: 33520793 PMCID: PMC7839258 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_156_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accidental poisoning in children, though underreported in our environment, is common and could prove fatal. It is important to identify the primary chemical agent that is responsible for the poisoning. We present a case of accidental ingestion of fish poisoned with aluminum phosphide (AlP) used as rat poisoning by a 14-month-old girl. At presentation, the actual chemical content of the poison was not available and clinical features were suggestive of organophosphate poisoning. She was commenced on atropine together with other treatment, on which she made remarkable improvement. The atropine was continued with complete resolution of symptoms on the third day of admission. We, therefore, report a serendipitous use of atropine in the management of AlP poisoning with successful outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Muhammad Shakur
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiopulmonary Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu Abubakar Garba
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Ahmadu
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiopulmonary Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Apollos
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Mustafa O Asani
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiopulmonary Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Aliyu
- Department of Paediatrics, Cardiopulmonary Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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33
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Hosseini SF, Forouzesh M, Maleknia M, Valiyari S, Maniati M, Samimi A. The Molecular Mechanism of Aluminum Phosphide poisoning in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Approach. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 20:454-461. [PMID: 32712815 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, poisoning with metal phosphides, especially aluminum phosphide (ALP), is one of the main health threats in human societies. Patients suffer from significant complications due to this type of poisoning, and the heart is one of the main organs targeted by ALP. Therefore, in this study, we discussed the effect of phosphine on cardiac function. This study is based on data obtained from PubMed, between 2002 and 2020. The key keywords included "Aluminum phosphide," "Oxidative Stress," "Mitochondria," "Cardiovascular disease," and "Treatment." The results showed that ALP produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to mitochondrial dysfunction. ROS production leads to red blood cell hemolysis, decreased ATP production, and induction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, which eventually results in cardiovascular disease. Since ALP has the most significant effect on cardiomyocytes, the use of appropriate treatment strategies to restore cell function can increase patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Forouzesh
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleknia
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Valiyari
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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34
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Solanki MK, Droby S, Sionov E. The Wheat Microbiome in Relation to Mycotoxin Occurrence in Stored Grain: An Overview. POSTHARVEST PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56530-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Cheng L, Cai Z, Zhao J, Wang F, Lu M, Deng L, Cui W. Black phosphorus-based 2D materials for bone therapy. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:1026-1043. [PMID: 32695934 PMCID: PMC7355388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Black Phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials have received extensive attentions in the fields of electromechanics, optics and biomedicine, due to their remarkable properties and excellent biocompatibility. The most essential feature of BP is that it is composed of a single phosphorus element, which has a high degree of homology with the inorganic components of natural bone, therefore it has a full advantage in the treatment of bone defects. This review will first introduce the source, physicochemical properties, and degradation products of BP, then introduce the remodeling process of bone, and comprehensively summarize the progress of BP-based materials for bone therapy in the form of hydrogels, polymer membranes, microspheres, and three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of BP-based implant materials in bone immune regulation and outlook the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Min Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, Jiaxing 314000, PR China
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36
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Rina YA, Schmidt JAR. Double Hydrophosphorylation of Nitriles Catalyzed by Rare-Earth-Metal Lanthanum. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14720-14729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesmin Akter Rina
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
| | - Joseph A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
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Khezri S, Sabzalipour T, Jahedsani A, Azizian S, Atashbar S, Salimi A. Chrysin ameliorates aluminum phosphide-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damages in rat cardiomyocytes and isolated mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1114-1124. [PMID: 32432806 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apart from the anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibition of aromatase, chrysin is involved in the protection of cardiovascular disorders. Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death induced by aluminum phosphide (AlP) which is related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damages. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of chrysin as an antioxidant and mitochondrial protective agent against AlP-induced toxicity in isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria obtained from rat heart ventricular. Using by biochemical and flow cytometry, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), lysosomal membrane integrity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. Also, mitochondrial toxicity parameters such as mitochondrial NADH/succinate dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial swelling, ROS formation, MMP collapse, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed in isolated mitochondria. Our results showed that the administration of chrysin (up to 10 μM) efficiently decreased (P < 0.05) cytotoxicity, oxidative, lysosomal, and mitochondrial damages induced by AlP, in isolated cardiomyocytes. Also, our finding in isolated mitochondria showed that chrysin (up to 10 μM) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased AlP-induced mitochondrial toxicity. These findings demonstrated that chrysin as an antioxidant and mitochondrial protective agent exert protective effect in wild-type cardiomyocyte treated with AlP. It was concluded that chrysin significantly reduced the toxicity of AlP in isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria. Due to the very low toxicity of chrysin for humans, it could be a promising agent in treatment of AlP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Towhid Sabzalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Asal Jahedsani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sepideh Azizian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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38
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Kim BS, Shin EM, Park YJ, Yang JO. Susceptibility of the Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) to Phosphine, Ethyl Formate and Their Combination, and the Sorption and Desorption of Fumigants on Cured Tobacco Leaves. INSECTS 2020; 11:E599. [PMID: 32899786 PMCID: PMC7563115 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of Lasioderma serricorne to phosphine (PH3), ethyl formate (EF) and their combination (PH3 + EF) was evaluated in this study. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were subjected to treatment with fumigants to determine the 90% lethal concentration time (LCt90) values. Treatment with PH3 for 20 h resulted in LCt90 values of 1.15, 1.39, 14.97 and 1.78 mg h/L while treatment with EF resulted in values of 157.96, 187.75, 126.06 and 83.10 mg h/L, respectively. By contrast, the combination of PH3 + EF resulted in LCt90 values of 36.05, 44.41, 187.17 and 35.12 mg h/L after 4 h. These results show that, through treatment with PH3 + EF, control can be achieved at lower concentrations than for treatment with EF alone and at lower exposure times than for treatment with PH3 alone. The sorption rates of the fumigants on cured tobacco leaves were determined for filling ratios of 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% (w/v). Cured tobacco leaves were treated with either 2 mg/L PH3, 114 mg/L EF or 0.5 mg/L PH3 + 109 mg/L EF. Treatment with PH3 showed sorption rates of 0.0%, 7.1% and 14.3%. EF, however, showed higher sorption rates of 64.9%, 68.5% and 75.5%, respectively, for the indicated filling ratios. When PH3 and EF were combined, the sorption rate of PH3 was 0.0%, while the sorption rates of EF were lower (9.1%, 12.0% and 23.2%) than treatment with only EF. EF required a ventilation time of longer than 22 h to desorb from cured tobacco leaves. Therefore, PH3 + EF can effectively control L. serricorne in cured tobacco leaves, with sufficient ventilation time required after treatment for the safety of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeong Oh Yang
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (B.S.K.); (E.-M.S.); (Y.J.P.)
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39
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Haydari S, Nazari A, Moghimian M, Sedighi M, Ghaderpour S. Cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Echinophora cinerea against aluminum phosphide poisoning in rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13300. [PMID: 32478443 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rice tablet, also known as aluminum phosphide (ALP), is a nonorganic material used as an insecticide and rodenticide in the storage and transportation of grains. Phosphine gas, released from the chemical material, in contact with humidity and weak acid, can induce poisoning and death. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Echinophora cinerea leaves on ALP poisoning in heart in rats. In this study, factors such as blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiography, and biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress of cardiac tissue were evaluated. The use of Echinophora extract at a dose of 200 mg per/kg primarily improved bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac conduction. Echinophora extract at a dose of 400 mg could protect body against oxidative stress. It seems that Echinophora extract has significant clinical positive effects that can be employed in treatment protocols of acute poisoning associated with ALP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Administration of the Echinophora cinerea extract can improve bradycardia, hypotension, and conduction disturbances of the heart caused by poisoning with rice tablet. E. cinerea extract also can increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes and protect the body against oxidative damage caused by poisoning with rice tablet. Therefore, Echinophora extract has significant clinical positive effects that can be used in treatment protocols of acute poisoning associated with aluminum phosphide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Haydari
- Department of Physiology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Afshin Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Sedighi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Saber Ghaderpour
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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40
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Lehner AF, Johnson M, Buchweitz JP. Phosphine detection in veterinary samples using headspace gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8738. [PMID: 31981253 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Determination of phosphine exposure from zinc or aluminum phosphide fumigants continues to be a routine analytical requirement in veterinary forensic toxicology. There is a need for a more reliable and specific method than simple gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of sample solvent extracts, as GC/MS of extracts on capillary columns used for general screens involves significant interference from air peaks. METHODS GC/MS/MS headspace analysis of acid-generated phosphine gas enabled study of the feasibility of devising multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approaches to the determination of phosphine with greater specificity. RESULTS Collision-induced dissociation in GC/MS/MS showed that phosphine generated m/z 34 → 31, 32 and 33 ion transitions by sequential proton release as well as minor transitions m/z 34 → 47, 34 → 63 and 63 → 31.5 by intermolecular collisions and double charging. Study of the formation of these product ions enabled development of MRM settings for a highly useful headspace method for phosphine detection. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated over a working range of 5-100 ppm of phosphide generating phosphine gas which enabled retention of regular screen capillary columns without necessitating separation from air components. The method should have adequate sensitivity and reliability for veterinary toxicology laboratories confronting specimens from animals poisoned by crop fumigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Lehner
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
| | - John P Buchweitz
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
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41
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Rösner J, Wellmeyer B, Merzendorfer H. Tribolium castaneum: A Model for Investigating the Mode of Action of Insecticides and Mechanisms of Resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3554-3568. [PMID: 32400327 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200513113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is a worldwide insect pest of stored products, particularly food grains, and a powerful model organism for developmental, physiological and applied entomological research on coleopteran species. Among coleopterans, T. castaneum has the most fully sequenced and annotated genome and consequently provides the most advanced genetic model of a coleopteran pest. The beetle is also easy to culture and has a short generation time. Research on this beetle is further assisted by the availability of expressed sequence tags and transcriptomic data. Most importantly, it exhibits a very robust response to systemic RNA interference (RNAi), and a database of RNAi phenotypes (iBeetle) is available. Finally, classical transposonbased techniques together with CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene knockout and genome editing allow the creation of transgenic lines. As T. castaneum develops resistance rapidly to many classes of insecticides including organophosphates, methyl carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and insect growth regulators such as chitin synthesis inhibitors, it is further a suitable test system for studying resistance mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in research focusing on the mode of action of insecticides and mechanisms of resistance identified using T. castaneum as a pest model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Rösner
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wellmeyer
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
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42
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Paul A, Radhakrishnan M, Anandakumar S, Shanmugasundaram S, Anandharamakrishnan C. Disinfestation techniques for major cereals: A status report. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1125-1155. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Paul
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Mahendran Radhakrishnan
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Sugumar Anandakumar
- Department of Food Packaging and System DevelopmentIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Saravanan Shanmugasundaram
- Planning and Monitoring CellIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nano Scale Processing UnitIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
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43
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Tuet WY, Racine MC, Jennings L, Pierce SA, Tressler J, McCranor BJ, Wong B. A sex‐balanced rodent model for evaluating phosphine inhalation toxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1479:168-179. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y. Tuet
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Michelle C. Racine
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Laura Jennings
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Samuel A. Pierce
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Justin Tressler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Bryan J. McCranor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland
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Alzahrani SM, Ebert PR. Oxygen and Arsenite Synergize Phosphine Toxicity by Distinct Mechanisms. Toxicol Sci 2020; 167:419-425. [PMID: 30304530 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphine is the only fumigant approved globally for general use to control insect pests in stored grain. Due to the emergence of resistance among insect pests and the lack of suitable alternative fumigants, we are investigating ways to synergistically enhance phosphine toxicity, by studying the mechanism of action of known synergists, such as oxygen, temperature, and arsenite. Under normoxia, exposure of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans for 24 h at 20°C to 70 ppm phosphine resulted in 10% mortality, but nearly 100% mortality if the oxygen concentration was increased to 80%. In wild-type C. elegans, toxicity of phosphine was negatively affected by a decrease in temperature to 15°C and positively affected by an increase in temperature to 25°C. The dld-1(wr4) strain of C. elegans is resistant to phosphine due to a mutation in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene. It also exhibits increased mortality that is dependent on hyperoxia, when exposed to 70 ppm phosphine at 20°C. As with the wild-type strain, mortality decreased when exposure was carried out at 15°C. At 25°C, however, the strain was completely resistant to the phosphine exposure at all oxygen concentrations. Arsenite is also a synergist of phosphine toxicity, but only in the dld-1(wr4)-mutant strain. Thus, exposure to 4 mM arsenite resulted in 50% mortality, which increased to 89% mortality when 70 ppm phosphine and 4 mM arsenite were combined. In stark contrast, 70 ppm phosphine rendered 4 mM arsenite nontoxic to wild-type C. elegans. These results reveal two synergists with distinct modes of action, one of which targets individuals that carry a phosphine resistance allele in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Alzahrani
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Nuclear Science Research Institute (NSRI), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul R Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Plant Biosecurity CRC, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
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45
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Mangoba MAA, Alvindia DDG. Response of Suidasia pontifica (Acaridida: Suidasiidae) to phosphine fumigation. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 79:377-386. [PMID: 31677025 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the level of phosphine toxicity of various strains of Suidasia pontifica, infesting stored agricultural products in the Philippines. The bioassays for the efficacy of phosphine fumigation followed the FAO standard method. A full assay comprised eight concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 1.00 mg/L with 20, 72 and 144-h exposure periods. A total of 15 strains were collected, representing 15 provinces in the country. Results revealed that the most susceptible strain (MR12gsn) was recorded from a private owned warehouse in General Santos City-LC50 and LC99 were 0.009 and 0.025 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, the most resistant strain (LR3tar) was collected from a private owned warehouse in Tarlac City-LC50 and LC99 were 1.501 and 2.407 mg/L, based on discrimination dose tests. Eggs were more tolerant than the adults; complete mortality of eggs was achieved at 0.50 mg/L for 72 h and 0.35 mg/L for 144 h, whereas complete mortality of adults was obtained with 0.10 and 0.20 mg/L for 144 and 72 h exposure, respectively. The estimated minimum effective concentration (MEC) of phosphine to give complete kill of S. pontifica at various exposure periods must exceed 0.50 mg/L for 72 and 144 h. These results simply illustrate the increased efficiency (i.e., increased mortality) of phosphine fumigation of longer exposure of S. pontifica to lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anthony Angeles Mangoba
- Food Protection Division, Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PHilMech), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
| | - Dionisio de Guzman Alvindia
- Food Protection Division, Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization (PHilMech), Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
- Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research (CENSER), De La Salle University, Taft Ave., Manila, Philippines
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Thin Degradable Coatings for Optimization of Osteointegration Associated with Simultaneous Infection Prophylaxis. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12213495. [PMID: 31731410 PMCID: PMC6862457 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common causes of implant failure is aseptic prosthesis loosening. Another frequent complication after prosthesis implant is the microbial colonization of the prosthesis surface, which often leads to a replacement of the prosthesis. One approach to reduce these complications is the application of bioactive substances to implant surfaces. Both an antibiotic prophylaxis and a faster osteointegration can be obtained by incorporation of bactericidal active metals in degradable calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings. In this study, thin degradable calcium phosphate ceramic coatings doped with silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and bismuth (Bi) on a titanium substrate were prepared with the aid of the high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS) coating process. To characterize the samples surface roughness, brightfield microscopy of the coatings, X-ray diffraction (XRD)-analysis for definition of the phase composition of the layers, Raman spectroscopy for determination of the phase composition of the contained metals, element-mapping for Cu-content verification, release kinetics for detection of metal ions and ceramic components of the coatings were carried out. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of the coatings. For biocompatibility testing, growth experiments were performed using the cell culture line MG-63. Cell viability was investigated by Giemsa staining and live/dead assay. The WST-1 kit was used to quantify cell proliferation and vitality in vitro and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit to quantify cytotoxicity. The formation of hydroxyapatite crystals in simulated body fluid was investigated to predict bioactivity in vivo. The Safe Airborne Antibacterial Assay with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used for antimicrobial testing. The results showed good biocompatibility of all the metal doped CaP coatings, furthermore Cu and Ag doped layers showed significant antibacterial effects against S. aureus.
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47
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Rina YA, Schmidt JAR. Lanthanum-Catalyzed Regioselective Anti-Markovnikov Hydrophosphinylation of Styrenes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesmin Akter Rina
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
| | - Joseph A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street MS 602, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, United States
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48
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Kim K, Yang JO, Sung JY, Lee JY, Park JS, Lee HS, Lee BH, Ren Y, Lee DW, Lee SE. Minimization of energy transduction confers resistance to phosphine in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14605. [PMID: 31601880 PMCID: PMC6787191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestation of phosphine (PH3) resistant insects threatens global grain reserves. PH3 fumigation controls rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) but not highly resistant insect pests. Here, we investigated naturally occurring strains of S. oryzae that were moderately resistant (MR), strongly resistant (SR), or susceptible (wild-type; WT) to PH3 using global proteome analysis and mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Both PH3 resistant (PH3-R) strains exhibited higher susceptibility to ethyl formate-mediated inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase than the WT strain, whereas the disinfectant PH3 concentration time of the SR strain was much longer than that of the MR strain. Unlike the MR strain, which showed altered expression levels of genes encoding metabolic enzymes involved in catabolic pathways that minimize metabolic burden, the SR strain showed changes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our results suggest that the acquisition of strong PH3 resistance necessitates the avoidance of oxidative phosphorylation through the accumulation of a few non-synonymous mutations in mitochondrial genes encoding complex I subunits as well as nuclear genes encoding dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, concomitant with metabolic reprogramming, a recognized hallmark of cancer metabolism. Taken together, our data suggest that reprogrammed metabolism represents a survival strategy of SR insect pests for the compensation of minimized energy transduction under anoxic conditions. Therefore, understanding the resistance mechanism of PH3-R strains will support the development of new strategies to control insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongnam Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Oh Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong Sun Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Yonglin Ren
- School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
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Bains W, Petkowski JJ, Sousa-Silva C, Seager S. Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:885-902. [PMID: 30896974 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element for all life on Earth, yet trivalent phosphorus (e.g., in phosphines) appears to be almost completely absent from biology. Instead phosphorus is utilized by life almost exclusively as phosphate, apart from a small contingent of other pentavalent phosphorus compounds containing structurally similar chemical groups. In this work, we address four previously stated arguments as to why life does not explore trivalent phosphorus: (1) precedent (lack of confirmed instances of trivalent phosphorus in biochemicals suggests that life does not have the means to exploit this chemistry), (2) thermodynamic limitations (synthesizing trivalent phosphorus compounds is too energetically costly), (3) stability (phosphines are too reactive and readily oxidize in an oxygen (O2)-rich atmosphere), and (4) toxicity (the trivalent phosphorus compounds are broadly toxic). We argue that the first two of these arguments are invalid, and the third and fourth arguments only apply to the O2-rich environment of modern Earth. Specifically, both the reactivity and toxicity of phosphines are specific to aerobic life and strictly dependent on O2-rich environment. We postulate that anaerobic life persisting in anoxic (O2-free) environments may exploit trivalent phosphorus chemistry much more extensively. We review the production of trivalent phosphorus compounds by anaerobic organisms, including phosphine gas and an alkyl phosphine, phospholane. We suggest that the failure to find more such compounds in modern terrestrial life may be a result of the strong bias of the search for natural products toward aerobic organisms. We postulate that a more thorough identification of metabolites of the anaerobic biosphere could reveal many more trivalent phosphorus compounds. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our work for the origin and early evolution of life, and suggest that trivalent phosphorus compounds could be valuable markers for both extraterrestrial life and the Shadow Biosphere on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Sousa-Silva
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Seager
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 3Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 4Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Haghi Aminjan H, Abtahi SR, Hazrati E, Chamanara M, Jalili M, Paknejad B. Targeting of oxidative stress and inflammation through ROS/NF-kappaB pathway in phosphine-induced hepatotoxicity mitigation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116607. [PMID: 31254582 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Poisoning with aluminium phosphide (AlP) commonly has a high rate of mortality and morbidities. Phosphine gas is the main cause of AlP poisoning that has deleterious effect on multi-organs especially heart, kidney, and liver. Furthermore, several studies reported that resveratrol has cytoprotective effects through its pleiotropic property. The purpose of this study was to estimate the dose-dependent role of resveratrol on phosphine induced acute hepatic toxicity in rat model. MAIN METHODS The rats have been exposed to LD50 of AlP (12 mg/kg) by gavage, and resveratrol doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) were injected 30 min after intoxication. After 24 h, the serum and liver tissue were collected for present study. KEY FINDINGS The results indicated that phosphine causes an alteration in oxidative stress markers including elevation of ROS, and GSH level, MPO activity, reduction in SOD, catalase and G6PD activity as well as reduction in SOD1 and catalase expression. Furthermore, phosphine significantly induced phosphorylation of IkappaB, NF-kappaB and up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1 expression. Also, phosphine induces markedly reduced hepatocytes lives cell and elevated apoptosis and necrosis. Co-treatment of resveratrol in a dose-dependent manner reversed aforementioned alterations. All in all, histological analysis indicated a deleterious effect of phosphine on the liver, which is mitigated by resveratrol administration. SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study suggest targeting ROS/NF-kappaB signalling pathway by resveratrol may have a significant effect on the improvement of hepatic injury induced by phosphine. It also may be a possible candidate for the treatment of phosphine-poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Haghi Aminjan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Abtahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalili
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Paknejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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