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Wang Z, Qu S, Yuan J, Tian W, Xu J, Tao R, Sun S, Lu T, Tang W, Zhu Y. Review and prospects of targeted therapies for Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117514. [PMID: 37984216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. The dysregulation of SYK is closely related to the occurrence and development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. SYK has become an attractive target for drug discovery due to its important biological functions. This article reviews the biological function of SYK, the relationship between SYK and disease, and therapies targeting SYK. In addition, inspired by new technologies such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and phosphatase recruiting chimeras (PHORCs), we propose the development of new therapeutic approaches for targeting SYK, such as SYK PROTACs and SYK PHORCs, which may overcome deficiencies of existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Wang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shu Qu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiahao Yuan
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wen Tian
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jinglei Xu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Tao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Shilong Sun
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Shekhawat RS, Meshram VP, Rao M, Shedge R, Panwar R, Rathore M, Kanchan T. Further explorations into the role of mast cells in deaths associated with fatal asphyxia: an immunohistochemical study utilizing CD 117 marker. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 350:111689. [PMID: 37478731 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Asphyxia-related deaths have always been a challenging task in the speciality of forensic pathology. Apart from helpful macroscopical signs (e.g., strangulation mark, cyanosis, petechial haemorrhage, and lung oedema), recent literature indicates that prolonged asphyxia is sufficient to induce an increase in mast cells (MC). Inflammatory cells migrate from the bone marrow to the lungs, aiding in the diagnosis of fatal asphyxial deaths. HIF1-α, a key regulator protein, is released from lung tissue capillaries during catastrophic hypoxia circumstances, as previously demonstrated in immunohistochemistry (IHC) research. The present study analyzed lung samples from 164 medico-legal autopsy cases, including 57 asphyxia/hypoxia deaths and 107 controls (non-asphyxial deaths). Peribronchial, perivascular and perialveolar MCs were detected using CD117 antibody, and the average of MCs in each of these locations was noted in each case. The results indicated a statistically significant increase in peribronchial and perialveolar mast cells (MC) in fatal asphyxial deaths, including those caused by hanging, drowning, or postural asphyxia. Peri-bronchial MC in lung sections of asphyxial deaths were in the range of 0.2-5.4 and in non-asphyxial samples were in the range of 0.0-2.2. Peri-alveolar MCs in lung sections of asphyxial deaths were in the range of 0.0-0.6 and in non-asphyxial samples were in the range of 0.0-0.2. Our data suggest that mast cells (MC) play an important role in fatal hypoxia-related mortality and CD 117 may be a reliable marker for detection of mast cells in asphyxial deaths. It could be very beneficial to forensic pathologists tasked with differentiating fatal asphyxia fatalities from other causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India.
| | - Vikas P Meshram
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rutwik Shedge
- Department of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Tripura, India
| | - Rahul Panwar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohini Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Panwar R, Shekhawat RS, Shukla KK, Rao M, Rathore M, Kanchan T. Quantitative estimation of TNF-α and IL-3 by using ELISA from human lung tissue in fatal asphyxial deaths. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 98:102559. [PMID: 37453342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asphyxia-related deaths have always been a challenging task in the specialty of forensic pathology. Apart from helpful macroscopical signs (e.g., strangulation marks, cyanosis, petechial haemorrhage, and lung edema), recent literature indicates that prolonged asphyxia is sufficient to induce an increase in mast cells (MC). Inflammatory cells migrate from the bone marrow to the lungs, aiding in the diagnosis of fatal asphyxial death. The present study analyzed human lung tissue samples from 90 medico-legal autopsy cases, including 45 asphyxial deaths and 45 controls (non-asphyxial deaths). The cases ranged from 2 to 68 years, with a mean age of 33.23 years. In 90 cases, 74 cases were of males, and 16 were of females. Human lung tissue samples were analyzed by using the sandwich ELISA method. The results indicated a statistically significant increase in TNF-α and IL-3 concentration in fatal asphyxial deaths, including those caused by hanging, drowning, and smothering. Mean ± SD in asphyxial and non-asphyxial cases for the TNF-α and IL-3 concentration statistically analysed. In asphyxial cases, the average IL-3 concentration (Conc.) was 1558.50 ± 350.53 pg/ml, and the average TNF-α concentration (Conc.) was 499.75 ± 479.41 pg/ml. In contrast, in non-asphyxial cases, the average IL-3 concentration (Conc.) was found to be 849.73 ± 484.99 pg/ml, and the average TNF-α concentration (Conc.) was 208.08 ± 81.23 pg/ml. The mean change in IL-3 and TNF-α (Conc.) values are found to significant (<0.01) in asphyxial cases as compared to non-asphyxial cases. The ROC (Receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis revealed that TNF-α (AUC = 0.89) and IL-3 (AUC = 0.87) concentration (conc.) were stronger predictors of asphyxial deaths with an optimal cut-off value of 455.20 pg/ml for TNF-alpha and 1700.62 pg/ml for IL-3 respectively. Our findings imply that mast cells (MC) are critical in fatal hypoxia-related mortality and that TNF-α and IL-3 can be reliable markers for detecting mast cells in asphyxial deaths. It could be very beneficial to forensic pathologists tasked with differentiating fatal asphyxial fatalities from other causes of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Panwar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005, India.
| | - Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005, India.
| | - Kamla Kant Shukla
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Mohini Rathore
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005, India.
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Crozier RWE, Yousef M, Coish JM, Fajardo VA, Tsiani E, MacNeil AJ. Carnosic acid inhibits secretion of allergic inflammatory mediators in IgE-activated mast cells via direct regulation of Syk activation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102867. [PMID: 36608933 PMCID: PMC10068559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are essential regulators of inflammation most recognized for their central role in allergic inflammatory disorders. Signaling via the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, FcεRI, leads to rapid degranulation of preformed granules and the sustained release of newly-synthesized pro-inflammatory mediators. Our group recently established rosemary extract (RE) as a potent regulator of mast cell functions, attenuating MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Carnosic acid (CA)-a major polyphenolic constituent of RE-has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in other immune cell models, but its role as a potential modulator of mast cell activation is undefined. Therefore, we sought here to determine the modulatory effects of CA in a mast cell model of allergic inflammation. We sensitized bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) IgE and activated with allergen (TNP-BSA) under stem cell factor (SCF) potentiation, in addition to treatment with CA. Our results indicate that CA significantly inhibits allergen-induced early phase responses including Ca2+ mobilization, ROS production, and subsequent degranulation. We also show CA treatment reduced late phase responses, including the release of all cytokines and chemokines examined following IgE stimulation, and corresponding gene expression excepting that of CCL2. Importantly, we determined that CA mediates its inhibitory effects through modulation of tyrosine kinase Syk and downstream effectors TAK1 (Ser412) and Akt (Ser473) as well as NF-κB signaling, while phosphorylation of FcεRI (γ chain) and MAPK proteins remained unaltered. These novel findings establish CA as a potent modulator of mast cell activation, warranting further investigation as a putative anti-allergy therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeremia M Coish
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Lee JE, Choi MY, Min KY, Jo MG, Kim YM, Kim HS, Choi WS. Drug repositioning of anti-microbial agent nifuratel to treat mast cell-mediated allergic responses. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231202349. [PMID: 37706235 PMCID: PMC10503296 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our objective was to assess the effects and mechanisms of nifuratel on IgE-mediated mast cell (MC) degranulation and anaphylaxis in both in vitro and in vivo settings.Methods: The anti-allergic activity of nifuratel was evaluated in mast cell cultures and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model. The effects of nifuratel on signaling pathways stimulated by antigen in mast cells were measured by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, in vitro protein tyrosine kinase assay, and other molecular biological methods.Results: Nifuratel reversibly inhibited antigen-induced degranulation of MCs (IC50, approximately 0.34 μM for RBL-2H3 cells; approximately 0.94 μM for BMMCs) and suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (IC50, approximately 0.74 μM) and TNF-α (IC50, approximately 0.48 μM). Mechanism studies showed that nifuratel inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk by antigen via the inhibition of recruitment of cytosolic Syk to the ɣ subunit of FcεRI, and decreased the activation of Syk downstream signaling proteins LAT, Akt, and MAPKs. Finally, nifuratel dose-dependently suppressed the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice (ED50, approximately 22 mg/kg).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that nifuratel inhibits pathways essential for the activation of mast cells to suppress anaphylaxis, thereby indicating that the anti-microbial drug, nifuratel, could be a potential drug candidate for IgE-mediated allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Young Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geun Jo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science and Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Ding Y, Dang B, Wang Y, Zhao C, An H. Artemisinic acid attenuated symptoms of substance P-induced chronic urticaria in a mice model and mast cell degranulation via Lyn/PLC-p38 signal pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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β-Glucans from Yeast—Immunomodulators from Novel Waste Resources. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are a large class of complex polysaccharides with bioactive properties, including immune modulation. Natural sources of these compounds include yeast, oats, barley, mushrooms, and algae. Yeast is abundant in various processes, including fermentation, and they are often discarded as waste products. The production of biomolecules from waste resources is a growing trend worldwide with novel waste resources being constantly identified. Yeast-derived β-glucans may assist the host’s defence against infections by influencing neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory and antibacterial activities. β-glucans were long regarded as an essential anti-cancer therapy and were licensed in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980 and new mechanisms of action of these molecules are constantly emerging. This paper outlines yeast β-glucans’ immune-modulatory and anti-cancer effects, production and extraction, and their availability in waste streams.
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Zeng HR, Zhao B, Rui X, Jia GH, Wu Y, Zhang D, Yu HN, Zhang BR, Yuan Y. A TCM formula VYAC ameliorates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis via blocking mast cell degranulation and suppressing NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114454. [PMID: 34329716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula (VYAC) consists of three herbs including Viola yedoensis Makino, herb (Violaceae, Viola), Sophora flavescens Aiton, root (Fabaceae, Sophora) and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, root and rhizome (Rutaceae, Dictamnus), has been traditionally prescribed to treat various skin diseases in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of VYAC on the 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS VYAC was extracted with 70 % aqueous ethanol and lyophilized powder was used. AD-like mice were challenged by DNCB, VYAC (150 and 300 mg/kg) were oral administration daily from day 7 to day 28. At the end of experiment, the clinical scores were recorded, serum and skin in the dorsal were isolated to evaluate the therapeutic effects of VYAC. RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated with C48/80 for degranulation and plasmids expressing constitutively active form of Syk (Silence or overexpression) were transfected into RBL-2H3 cells to explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro. RESULTS VYAC significantly ameliorated the cardinal symptoms in the DNCB-induced AD-like mice by repairing the skin barrier function, inhibiting mast cells infiltration, restraining the serum IgE and histamine release and decreasing TNF-α, IL-4 as well as Syk mRNA level in dorsal skin and alleviating inflammation. Besides, VYAC significantly blocked RBL-2H3 cells degranulation, reduced β-hexosaminidase and histamine release, and suppressed NF-κB pathway. What's more, the degranulation of RBL-2H3 was reduced after Syk silence and increased after Syk overexpression. CONCLUSION Our findings clearly suggested that VYAC treat AD through inhibiting the inflammatory mediator productions and blocking mast cell degranulation via suppressing Syk mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Rong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xing Rui
- Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Gui Hua Jia
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Die Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Nao Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ben Rui Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Dhakal H, Kim MJ, Lee S, Choi YA, Kim N, Kwon TK, Khang D, Kim SH. Ursolic acid inhibits FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107994. [PMID: 34435583 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are the primary cells that play a crucial role in the allergic diseases via secretion of diverse allergic mediators. Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory triterpenoid possessing various biological properties such as immune regulation, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of UA in FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation. METHODS In this study, mast cells were stimulated with immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the anti-allergic effects of UA were assessed by measuring the levels of allergic mediators. In vivo effects of UA were observed by generating passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in mouse model. RESULTS We found that UA inhibited the degranulation of mast cell by suppressing the intracellular calcium level in a concentration-dependent manner. UA inhibited the expression and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. Anti-allergic effects of UA were demonstrated via suppression of FcεRI-mediated signaling molecules. In addition, UA inhibited the IgE-mediated PCA and ovalbumin-induced ASA reactions in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we suggest that UA might have potential as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases via inhibition of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Dhakal
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyung Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Hu S, Gao J, Liu R, An H. α-Linolenic acid attenuates pseudo-allergic reactions by inhibiting Lyn kinase activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153391. [PMID: 33113502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudo-allergic reactions are potentially fatal hypersensitivity responses caused by mast cell activation. α-linolenic acid (ALA) is known for its anti-allergic properties. However, its potential anti-pseudo-allergic effects were not much investigated. PURPOSE To investigate the inhibitory effects of ALA on IgE-independent allergy in vitro, and in vivo, as well as the mechanism underlying its effects. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS The anti-anaphylactoid activity of ALA was evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) and systemic anaphylaxis models. Calcium imaging was used to assess intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The release of cytokines and chemokines was measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the molecules of Lyn-PLCγ-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS ALA (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced serum histamine, chemokine release, vasodilation, eosinophil infiltration, and the percentage of degranulated mast cells in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 μg/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 μg/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCγ-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) inhibited C48/80 (30 μg/ml)- and SP (4 μg/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase. In response to 200 μM of ALA, the activity of Lyn kinase by (7.296 ± 0.03751) × 10-5 units/μl and decreased compared with C48/80 (30 μg/ml) by (8.572 ± 0.1365) ×10-5 units/μl. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that ALA might be a potential Lyn kinase inhibitor, which could be used to treat pseudo-allergic reaction-related diseases such as urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China; College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Chaomei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Shiling Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Jiapan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Hongli An
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Shao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Recent advance of spleen tyrosine kinase in diseases and drugs. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107168. [PMID: 33264719 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, also known as p72Syk. It is important for downstream signaling from cell surface receptors, such as Fc receptors, complement receptors and integrin. Syk plays the critical role in triggering immune and allergic reactions, the signaling pathway of Syk has become the research focus on drugs for allergic disease and human malignancies. This review summarized the characteristics of Syk, its mechanism in related reactions, and mainly discussed the signal transduction pathway mediated by Syk. With the development of industry and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the incidence of allergic diseases is increasing, it has become a global priority disease. In this process, Syk participates in IgE/FcεRI signaling pathway plays a critical role in triggering allergic reactions. This review described the characteristics and the interaction mechanism of Syk and its binding proteins in disease, and summarized the research status of targeted Syk inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Technology Transfer Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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12
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Inhibitory effects of orientin in mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1002-1010. [PMID: 32048267 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are immune effector cells mediating allergic inflammation by the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Orientin is a naturally occurring bioactive flavonoid that possesses diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, and cardio protection. The objective of this study was to rule out the effectiveness of orientin in mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. METHODS In this study, in vitro effects of orientin were evaluated in RBL-2H3, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells, rat peritoneal mast cells, and in vivo effects were evaluated by inducing passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in Imprinting Control Region (ICR) mice. RESULTS Findings show that orientin suppressed the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell degranulation by reducing intracellular calcium level in a concentration-dependent manner. Orientin suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. This inhibitory effects of orientin was through inhibition of FcεRI-mediated signaling proteins. In addition, oral administration of orientin suppressed the IgE-mediated PCA reactions in a dose-dependent manner, which was evidenced by reduced Evan's blue pigmentation and ear swelling. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we suggest that orientin might have potential to alleviate allergic reaction and mast cell-mediated allergic disease.
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13
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Vo TS, Le TT, Kim SY, Ngo DH. The role of myricetin from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk fruits on downregulation of FcɛRI-mediated mast cell activation. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13143. [PMID: 31910490 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa was reported to contain various bioactive metabolites, especially phenolic compounds. In the present study, the suppressive activity of phenolic compound from R. tomentosa fruits on mast cell activation was investigated in vitro. The result showed that myricetin was isolated from R. tomentosa fruits and its characterization was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Notably, myricetin was found to be effective in inhibition of mast cell degranulation by attenuating the release of β-hexosaminidase and the elevation of intracellular calcium. Moreover, myricetin exhibited inhibitory effect on the production of IL-4 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, high antioxidant activity of myricetin due to scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS+ radicals was also evidenced. Notably, the activation of FcɛRI-mediated signaling molecules including Syk, PLCγ, and NF-κB was also suppressed by myricetin treatment. Accordingly, myricetin from R. tomentosa fruits could be suggested as a functional food for the amelioration of allergic diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polyphenol have been shown to exert various biological activities and health beneficial effects. Results from the present study revealed that myricetin from R. tomentosa fruits possesses the inhibitory effect on allergic response in mast cells. Therefore, myricetin from R. tomentosa fruits could be developed as a functional ingredient for the amelioration of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Sang Vo
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tin Thanh Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dai-Hung Ngo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam
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14
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Effect of Rhus verniciflua Extract on IgE-Antigen-Mediated Allergic Reaction in Rat Basophilic Leukemic RBL-2H3 Mast Cells and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6497691. [PMID: 31687037 PMCID: PMC6811800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6497691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua is widely known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiaging efficacy and α-glucosidase inhibition. This study was designed whether Rhus verniciflua extracts inhibit the IgE-antigen-mediated allergic reaction in RBL-2H3 mast cells, and it further investigated the FcεRI- and arachidonate-signaling by which Rhus verniciflua extracts exert its antiallergic effects. IgE-antigen-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells were investigated for the cytotoxicity of Rhus verniciflua extracts and β-hexosaminidase release, and inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, histamine, and PGD2) were then assessed. Additionally, we examined expressions of genes involved in arachidonate- and FcεRI-signaling pathway in RBL-2H3. Rhus verniciflua extracts inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and production of the inflammatory mediators in RBL-2H3. Rhus verniciflua extracts reduced amounts of histamine and expressions of FcεRI signaling-related genes such as Lyn and Syk and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in mast cells. Finally, in late allergic responses, Rhus verniciflua extracts reduced PGD2 release and COX-2 and cPLA2 phosphorylation expressions from IgE-antigen-mediated mast cells. Lastly, 250–500 mg/kg RVE significantly attenuated the Ag/IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in mice. These findings provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiallergy properties of Rhus verniciflua extracts in FcɛRI-mediated allergic reaction.
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15
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Nugrahini AD, Ishida M, Nakagawa T, Nishi K, Sugahara T. Anti-degranulation activity of caffeine: In vitro and in vivo study. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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16
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Dhakal H, Yang EJ, Lee S, Kim MJ, Baek MC, Lee B, Park PH, Kwon TK, Khang D, Song KS, Kim SH. Avenanthramide C from germinated oats exhibits anti-allergic inflammatory effects in mast cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6884. [PMID: 31053741 PMCID: PMC6499795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play a crucial role in allergic diseases via the release of inflammatory mediators, particularly histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Avenanthramide (Avn) C, a polyphenol found mainly in oats, is known to exhibit various biological properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Avn C from germinated oats against mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. For the in vitro study, RBL-2H3, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and rat peritoneal mast cells were used. Avn C (1–100 nM) inhibited the immunoglobulin (Ig)E-stimulated mast cells degranulation by suppressing phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phospholipase Cγ1 and decreasing intracellular calcium levels. It inhibited IgE-stimulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines via suppression of FcεRI-mediated signaling proteins Lyn, Syk, Akt, and nuclear factor-κB. To verify the effects of Avn C in vivo, ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models were used. Oral administration of Avn C dose-dependently attenuated the ASA reactions, as evidenced by the inhibition of hypothermia and reduction of elevated serum histamine, IgE, and interleukin-4 levels. Avn C also inhibited the PCA reactions, such as ear swelling and plasma extravasation. Our results suggested that Avn C from germinated oats might be a possible therapeutic candidate for mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Dhakal
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Khang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sik Song
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,GHAM BioPharm Co. Ltd., College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Gold MR, Reth MG. Antigen Receptor Function in the Context of the Nanoscale Organization of the B Cell Membrane. Annu Rev Immunol 2019; 37:97-123. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The B cell antigen receptor (BCR) plays a central role in the self/nonself selection of B lymphocytes and in their activation by cognate antigen during the clonal selection process. It was long thought that most cell surface receptors, including the BCR, were freely diffusing and randomly distributed. Since the advent of superresolution techniques, it has become clear that the plasma membrane is compartmentalized and highly organized at the nanometer scale. Hence, a complete understanding of the precise conformation and activation mechanism of the BCR must take into account the organization of the B cell plasma membrane. We review here the recent literature on the nanoscale organization of the lymphocyte membrane and discuss how this new information influences our view of the conformational changes that the BCR undergoes during activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael G. Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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McAdoo S, Tam FWK. Role of the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Pathway in Driving Inflammation in IgA Nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 2019; 38:496-503. [PMID: 30177021 PMCID: PMC6135887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Summary: IgA nephropathy is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. At least 25% of patients may progress to kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplantation. Treatment of IgA nephropathy using generalized immunosuppression is controversial, with concerns regarding the balance of safety and efficacy in a nonspecific approach. This review describes the recent scientific evidence, and a current clinical trial, investigating whether spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) may be a novel and selective therapeutic target for IgA nephropathy. SYK, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, has a pivotal role as an early intermediate in intracellular signal transduction cascades for the B-cell receptor and the immunoglobulin Fc receptor, and thus is critical for B-cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation, and for mediating proinflammatory responses after Fc-receptor engagement in various cell types. In renal biopsy specimens of patients with IgA nephropathy, increased expression and phosphorylation of SYK were detected, and this correlated with the histologic features of mesangial and endocapillary proliferation. In cell culture studies, patient-derived IgA1 stimulated mesangial cell SYK activation, cell proliferation, and cytokine production, and these responses were attenuated by pharmacologic or molecular inhibition of SYK. A global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the safety and efficacy of fostamatinib (an oral prodrug SYK inhibitor) in the treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy is ongoing, which may provide important evidence of the safety and efficacy of targeting this pathway in clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen McAdoo
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick W K Tam
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom..
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19
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Syk and Hrs Regulate TLR3-Mediated Antiviral Response in Murine Astrocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6927380. [PMID: 31089414 PMCID: PMC6476135 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6927380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Nevertheless, the mechanisms modulating TLR-triggered innate immune responses are not yet fully understood. Complex regulatory systems exist to appropriately direct immune responses against foreign or self-nucleic acids, and a critical role of hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), endosomal sorting complex required for transportation-0 (ESCRT-0) subunit, has recently been implicated in the endolysosomal transportation of TLR7 and TLR9. We investigated the involvement of Syk, Hrs, and STAM in the regulation of the TLR3 signaling pathway in a murine astrocyte cell line C8-D1A following cell stimulation with a viral dsRNA mimetic. Our data uncover a relationship between TLR3 and ESCRT-0, point out Syk as dsRNA-activated kinase, and suggest the role for Syk in mediating TLR3 signaling in murine astrocytes. We show molecular events that occur shortly after dsRNA stimulation of astrocytes and result in Syk Tyr-342 phosphorylation. Further, TLR3 undergoes proteolytic processing; the resulting TLR3 N-terminal form interacts with Hrs. The knockdown of Syk and Hrs enhances TLR3-mediated antiviral response in the form of IFN-β, IL-6, and CXCL8 secretion. Understanding the role of Syk and Hrs in TLR3 immune responses is of high importance since activation and precise execution of the TLR3 signaling pathway in the brain seem to be particularly significant in mounting an effective antiviral defense. Infection of the brain with herpes simplex type 1 virus may increase the secretion of amyloid-β by neurons and astrocytes and be a causal factor in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Errors in TLR3 signaling, especially related to the precise regulation of the receptor transportation and degradation, need careful observation as they may disclose foundations to identify novel or sustain known therapeutic targets.
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20
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Jia Y, Tao Y, Lv C, Xia Y, Wei Z, Dai Y. Tetrandrine enhances the ubiquitination and degradation of Syk through an AhR-c-src-c-Cbl pathway and consequently inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in arthritis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:38. [PMID: 30674869 PMCID: PMC6427010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that tetrandrine, a natural alkaloid, could inhibit the osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion through enhancing the ubiquitination and degradation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Herein, we addressed whether and how aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediate the effect of tetrandrine. In vitro, tetrandrine was shown to repress RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and the expression of osteoclast-related marker genes, which was almost completely reversed by either AhR antagonist CH223191 or siRNA. In pre-osteoclasts, tetrandrine enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of Syk through the AhR/c-src/c-Cbl signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of phospho-Syk and phospho-PLCγ2, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFATc1, a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. Notably, tetrandrine acted through the non-genomic pathway of the ligand-activated AhR, as evidenced by the fact that the effect of tetrandrine did not change in the absence of AhR nuclear translocator. In collagen-induced arthritis rats, oral administration of tetrandrine decreased the number of phospho-Syk-positive cells and osteoclasts, and reduced the bone erosion in the areas of the proximal tibial epiphysis excluding the cortical bone. A combined use with CH223191 almost abolished the effect of tetrandrine. These findings revealed that tetrandrine enhanced the ubiquitination and degradation of Syk and consequently repressed the osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction through the AhR-c-src-c-Cbl pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugai Jia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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21
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Jia Y, Miao Y, Yue M, Shu M, Wei Z, Dai Y. Tetrandrine attenuates the bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via spleen tyrosine kinase. FASEB J 2018; 32:3398-3410. [PMID: 29401630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701148rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, was previously demonstrated to attenuate inflammation and cartilage destruction in the ankles of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Here, we explored the underlying mechanism by which tetrandrine prevented arthritis-induced bone erosion by focusing on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. We found that daily administration of tetrandrine (30 mg/kg) markedly reduced the bone damage and decreased the number of osteoclasts in CIA rats. In vitro, tetrandrine inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis at the early stage and reduced the expressions of osteoclast-related marker genes. In bone marrow-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cells, tetrandrine inhibited RANKL-induced translocation of NF-κB-p65 and nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFATc1) through suppressing spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-Bruton's tyrosine kinase-PLCγ2-Ca2+ signaling. Of interest, tetrandrine did not affect the phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs, the conventional upstream of Syk, but it inhibited the activity of Syk by enhancing its ubiquitination and degradation. The anti-osteoclastogenesis effect of tetrandrine nearly disappeared when it was used in combination with the Syk inhibitor piceatannol or in constitutively activated Syk-overexpressing cells. Taken together, tetrandrine attenuated CIA-induced bone destruction by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through hindering the translocation of NF-κB-p65 and NFATc1 via reducing the activation of Syk.-Jia, Y., Miao, Y., Yue, M., Shu, M., Wei, Z., Dai, Y. Tetrandrine attenuates the bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via spleen tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugai Jia
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumeng Miao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengfan Yue
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Shu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Caruso JA, Carruthers N, Shin N, Gill R, Stemmer PM, Rosenspire A. Mercury alters endogenous phosphorylation profiles of SYK in murine B cells. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:37. [PMID: 28716125 PMCID: PMC5514489 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence and animal models suggest that exposure to low and non-neurotoxic concentrations of mercury may contribute to idiosyncratic autoimmune disease. Since defects in function and signaling in B cells are often associated with autoimmunity, we investigated whether mercury exposure might alter B cell responsiveness to self-antigens by interfering with B cell receptor (BCR) signal transduction. In this study we determined the effects of mercury on the protein tyrosine kinase SYK, a critical protein involved in regulation of the BCR signaling pathway. METHODS Phosphorylation sites of murine SYK were mapped before and after treatment of WEHI cell cultures with mercury, or with anti-IgM antibody (positive control) or pervanadate (a potent phosphatase inhibitor). Phosphopeptides were enriched by either titanium dioxide chromatography or anti-phosphotyrosine immunoaffinity, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Select SYK phosphosite cluster regions were profiled for responsiveness to treatments using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methodology. RESULTS A total of 23 phosphosites were identified with high probability in endogenous SYK, including 19 tyrosine and 4 serine residues. For 10 of these sites phosphorylation levels were increased following BCR activation. Using MRM to profile changes in phosphorylation status we found that 4 cluster regions, encompassing 8 phosphosites, were activated by mercury and differentially responsive to all 3 treatments. Phosphorylation of tyrosine-342 and -346 residues were most sensitive to mercury exposure. This cluster is known to propagate normal BCR signal transduction by recruiting adaptor proteins such as PLC-γ and Vav-1 to SYK during formation of the BCR signalosome. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that mercury alters the phosphorylation status of SYK on tyrosine sites known to have a role in promoting BCR signals. Considering the importance of SYK in the BCR signaling pathway, these data suggest that mercury can alter BCR signaling in B cells, which might affect B cell responsiveness to self-antigen and have implications with respect to autoimmunity and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Caruso
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Namhee Shin
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Randal Gill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Allen Rosenspire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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23
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Cottat M, Yasukuni R, Homma Y, Lidgi-Guigui N, Varin-Blank N, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Le Roy C. Phosphorylation impact on Spleen Tyrosine kinase conformation by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39766. [PMID: 28054556 PMCID: PMC5214100 DOI: 10.1038/srep39766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) plays a crucial role in immune cell signalling and its altered expression or activation are involved in several cancers. Syk activity relies on its phosphorylation status and its multiple phosphorylation sites predict several Syk conformations. In this report, we characterized Syk structural changes according to its phosphorylation/activation status by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Unphosphorylated/inactive and phosphorylated/active Syk forms were produced into two expression systems with different phosphorylation capability. Syk forms were then analysed by SERS that was carried out in liquid condition on a lithographically designed gold nanocylinders array. Our study demonstrated that SERS signatures of the two Syk forms were drastically distinct, indicating structural modifications related to their phosphorylation status. By comparison with the atomic structure of the unphosphorylated Syk, the SERS peak assignments of the phosphorylated Syk nearest gold nanostructures revealed a differential interaction with the gold surface. We finally described a model for Syk conformational variations according to its phosphorylation status. In conclusion, SERS is an efficient technical approach for studying in vitro protein conformational changes and might be a powerful tool to determine protein functions in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Cottat
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire ASIH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.,INSERM U978, Bobigny, France
| | - Ryohei Yasukuni
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Yo Homma
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire ASIH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.,INSERM U978, Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Nadine Varin-Blank
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire ASIH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.,INSERM U978, Bobigny, France
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Christine Le Roy
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire ASIH, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.,INSERM U978, Bobigny, France
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Chen KH, Hsu HH, Yang HY, Tian YC, Ko YC, Yang CW, Hung CC. Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (syk) suppresses renal fibrosis through anti-inflammatory effects and down regulation of the MAPK-p38 pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 74:135-44. [PMID: 26948651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis results from an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that occurs in most types of chronic kidney disease. Among the many fibrogenic factors that regulate renal fibrotic processes, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and inflammation after injury play critical roles. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is important for signaling processes implicated in autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases. We examined the effects of Syk inhibition on renal fibrosis in vivo and on TGF-β1-induced renal fibroblast activation in vitro. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was induced in male B6 mice. Mice with UUO were administered a Syk inhibitor or saline intraperitoneally 1 day before UUO surgery and daily thereafter. Both kidneys were harvested 7 days after surgery for further analysis. For the in vitro experiments, NRK-49F rat fibroblasts were pre-incubated with a Syk inhibitor before TGF-β1 stimulation. The inhibitory effects of Syk inhibition on signaling pathways down-stream of TGF-β1 were analyzed. In the UUO mouse model, administration of a Syk inhibitor attenuated extracellular matrix protein deposition and expression of α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen, and fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, macrophage infiltration in UUO kidney was reduced by Syk inhibition. Pre-incubation of NRK-49F cells with a Syk inhibitor suppressed TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast activation. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of Syk inhibition on TGF-β1-mediated myofibroblast activation were associated with down-regulation of MAPK-p38. These results suggest that Syk inhibition reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice and inhibits TGF-β1-induced kidney myofibroblast activation. Syk inhibition could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Rolf MG, Curwen JO, Veldman-Jones M, Eberlein C, Wang J, Harmer A, Hellawell CJ, Braddock M. In vitro pharmacological profiling of R406 identifies molecular targets underlying the clinical effects of fostamatinib. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00175. [PMID: 26516587 PMCID: PMC4618646 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-target pharmacology may contribute to both adverse and beneficial effects of a new drug. In vitro pharmacological profiling is often applied early in drug discovery; there are fewer reports addressing the relevance of broad profiles to clinical adverse effects. Here, we have characterized the pharmacological profile of the active metabolite of fostamatinib, R406, linking an understanding of drug selectivity to the increase in blood pressure observed in clinical studies. R406 was profiled in a broad range of in vitro assays to generate a comprehensive pharmacological profile and key targets were further investigated using functional and cellular assay systems. A combination of traditional literature searches and text-mining approaches established potential mechanistic links between the profile of R406 and clinical side effects. R406 was selective outside the kinase domain, with only antagonist activity at the adenosine A3 receptor in the range relevant to clinical effects. R406 was less selective in the kinase domain, having activity at many protein kinases at therapeutically relevant concentrations when tested in multiple in vitro systems. Systematic literature analyses identified KDR as the probable target underlying the blood pressure increase observed in patients. While the in vitro pharmacological profile of R406 suggests a lack of selectivity among kinases, a combination of classical searching and text-mining approaches rationalized the complex profile establishing linkage between off-target pharmacology and clinically observed effects. These results demonstrate the utility of in vitro pharmacological profiling for a compound in late-stage clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Rolf
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley ParkMacclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Curwen
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley ParkMacclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cath Eberlein
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley ParkMacclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Jianyan Wang
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley ParkMacclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Harmer
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley ParkMacclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Braddock
- AstraZeneca R&D Alderley ParkMacclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Abdala-Valencia H, Bryce PJ, Schleimer RP, Wechsler JB, Loffredo LF, Cook-Mills JM, Hsu CL, Berdnikovs S. Tetraspanin CD151 Is a Negative Regulator of FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1377-87. [PMID: 26136426 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are critical in the pathogenesis of allergic disease due to the release of preformed and newly synthesized mediators, yet the mechanisms controlling mast cell activation are not well understood. Members of the tetraspanin family are recently emerging as modulators of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation; however, mechanistic understanding of their function is currently lacking. The tetraspanin CD151 is a poorly understood member of this family and is specifically induced on mouse and human mast cells upon FcεRI aggregation but its functional effects are unknown. In this study, we show that CD151 deficiency significantly exacerbates the IgE-mediated late phase inflammation in a murine model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Ex vivo, FcεRI stimulation of bone marrow-derived mast cells from CD151(-/-) mice resulted in significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α compared with wild-type controls. However, FcεRI-induced mast cell degranulation was unaffected. At the molecular signaling level, CD151 selectively regulated IgE-induced activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K, associated with cytokine production, but had no effect on the phospholipase Cγ1 signaling, associated with degranulation. Collectively, our data indicate that CD151 exerts negative regulation over IgE-induced late phase responses and cytokine production in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Joshua B Wechsler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lucas F Loffredo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
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Lee T, Kwon J, Lee D, Mar W. Effects of Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit Extract and Its Active Compound, 5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone, on the High-Affinity IgE Receptor-Mediated Activation of Syk in Mast Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5459-5467. [PMID: 25989241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata fruit extract contains a rich source of prenylated flavonoids with potential antiatherosclerotic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of C. tricuspidata fruit extracts and its active compounds on the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)-mediated signaling remains unknown. In the present study, the effect of methanol extract from the fruits of C. tricuspidata (MFC) and its active compound, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone (THDPI), on FcεRI-mediated signaling in mast cells was investigated. MFC and THDPI suppressed mast cell degranulation and Ca(2+) influx. MFC also interfered with IgE-FcεRI interaction and decreased FcεRIβ mRNA expression in mast cells. Furthermore, MFC and THDPI inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and PLCγ and F-actin redistribution. These results indicate that MFC and its active compound, THDPI, inhibit mast cell activation through the inhibition of FcεRI-mediated Syk activation, suggesting a therapeutic potential for controlling mast cell activation in inflammatory and/or allergic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Lee
- †Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- §Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- §Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongchon Mar
- †Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Correlation of disease activity in proliferative glomerulonephritis with glomerular spleen tyrosine kinase expression. Kidney Int 2015; 88:52-60. [PMID: 25715120 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is an important component of the intracellular signaling pathway for various immunoreceptors. Inhibition of SYK has shown promise in preclinical models of autoimmune and glomerular disease. However, the description of SYK expression in human renal tissue, which would be desirable ahead of clinical studies, is lacking. Here we conducted immunohistochemical analysis for total and phosphorylated SYK in biopsy specimens from >120 patients with a spectrum of renal pathologies, including thin basement membrane lesion, minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease, and acute tubular necrosis. We found significant SYK expression in proliferative glomerulonephritis and that glomerular expression levels correlated with presenting serum creatinine and histological features of disease activity that predict outcome in IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis, and antiglomerular basement membrane disease. SYK was phosphorylated within pathological lesions, such as areas of extracapillary and endocapillary proliferation, and appeared to localize to both infiltrating leucocytes and to resident renal cells within diseased glomeruli. Thus SYK is associated with the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritides, suggesting that these conditions may respond to SYK inhibitor treatment.
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Huang KY, Wu HY, Chen YJ, Lu CT, Su MG, Hsieh YC, Tsai CM, Lin KI, Huang HD, Lee TY, Chen YJ. RegPhos 2.0: an updated resource to explore protein kinase-substrate phosphorylation networks in mammals. Database (Oxford) 2014; 2014:bau034. [PMID: 24771658 PMCID: PMC3999940 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation catalyzed by kinases plays crucial roles in regulating a variety of intracellular processes. Owing to an increasing number of in vivo phosphorylation sites that have been identified by mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, the RegPhos, available online at http://csb.cse.yzu.edu.tw/RegPhos2/, was developed to explore protein phosphorylation networks in human. In this update, we not only enhance the data content in human but also investigate kinase-substrate phosphorylation networks in mouse and rat. The experimentally validated phosphorylation sites as well as their catalytic kinases were extracted from public resources, and MS/MS phosphopeptides were manually curated from research articles. RegPhos 2.0 aims to provide a more comprehensive view of intracellular signaling networks by integrating the information of metabolic pathways and protein-protein interactions. A case study shows that analyzing the phosphoproteome profile of time-dependent cell activation obtained from Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, the RegPhos deciphered not only the consistent scheme in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway but also novel regulatory molecules that may involve in it. With an attempt to help users efficiently identify the candidate biomarkers in cancers, 30 microarray experiments, including 39 cancerous versus normal cells, were analyzed for detecting cancer-specific expressed genes coding for kinases and their substrates. Furthermore, this update features an improved web interface to facilitate convenient access to the exploration of phosphorylation networks for a group of genes/proteins. Database URL: http://csb.cse.yzu.edu.tw/RegPhos2/
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yao Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tsung Lu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Min-Gang Su
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chung Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yi Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
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30
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Xia X, Wan W, Chen Q, Liu K, Majaz S, Mo P, Xu J, Yu C. Deficiency in steroid receptor coactivator 3 enhances cytokine production in IgE-stimulated mast cells and passive systemic anaphylaxis in mice. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:21. [PMID: 24834318 PMCID: PMC4021842 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in malignancy of several cancers and in regulation of bacterial LPS-induced inflammation. However, the involvement of SRC-3 in allergic response remains unclear. Herein we used passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse models to assess the role of SRC-3 in allergic response. Results SRC-3-deficient mice exhibited more severe allergic response as demonstrated by a significant drop in body temperature and a delayed recovery period compared to wild-type mice in PSA mouse model, whereas no significant difference was observed between two kinds of mice in PCA mouse models. Mast cells play a pivotal role in IgE-mediated allergic response. Antigen-induced aggregation of IgE receptor (FcϵRI) on the surface of mast cell activates a cascade of signaling events leading to the degranulation and cytokine production in mast cells. SRC-3-deficient bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) developed normally but secreted more proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 than wild-type cells after antigen stimulation, whereas there was no significant difference in degranulation between two kinds of mast cells. Further studies showed that SRC-3 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor NF-κB pathway and MAPKs including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 in antigen-stimulated mast cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that SRC-3 suppresses cytokine production in antigen-stimulated mast cells as well as PSA in mice at least in part through inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, SRC-3 plays a protective role in PSA and it may become a drug target for anaphylactic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China
| | - Sidra Majaz
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang-An South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 360112, China
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31
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McAdoo SP, Reynolds J, Bhangal G, Smith J, McDaid JP, Tanna A, Jackson WD, Masuda ES, Cook HT, Pusey CD, Tam FWK. Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates autoantibody production and reverses experimental autoimmune GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2291-302. [PMID: 24700868 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013090978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has an important role in immunoreceptor signaling, and SYK inhibition has accordingly attenuated immune-mediated injury in several in vivo models. However, the effect of SYK inhibition on autoantibody production remains unclear, and SYK inhibition has not been studied in an autoimmune model of renal disease. We, therefore, studied the effect of SYK inhibition in experimental autoimmune GN, a rodent model of antiglomerular basement membrane disease. We show glomerular SYK expression and activation by immunohistochemistry in both experimental and clinical disease, and we show that treatment with fostamatinib, a small molecule kinase inhibitor selective for SYK, completely prevents the induction of experimental autoimmune GN. In established experimental disease, introduction of fostamatinib treatment led to cessation of autoantibody production, reversal of renal injury, preservation of biochemical renal function, and complete protection from lung hemorrhage. B cell ELISpot and flow cytometric analysis suggest that short-term fostamatinib treatment inhibits the generation and activity of antigen-specific B cells without affecting overall B-cell survival. Additionally, fostamatinib inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production by nephritic glomeruli ex vivo and cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro, suggesting additional therapeutic effects independent of effects on autoantibody production that are likely related to inhibited Fc receptor signaling within macrophages in diseased glomeruli. Given these encouraging results in an in vivo model that is highly applicable to human disease, we believe clinical studies targeting SYK in GN are now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical/Forensic Science, University of Bedfordshire, Befordshire, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Esteban S Masuda
- Department of Immunology, Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California
| | - H Terence Cook
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mycoepoxydiene inhibits antigen-stimulated activation of mast cells and suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:336-41. [PMID: 23859869 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Streptochlorin suppresses allergic dermatitis and mast cell activation via regulation of Lyn/Fyn and Syk signaling pathways in cellular and mouse models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74194. [PMID: 24086321 PMCID: PMC3785495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions with specific immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Scientific interest in understanding the mechanisms and discovering novel agents for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease is increasing. Streptochlorin, a small compound derived from marine actinomycete possesses anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities. However, the anti-allergic effects and underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of streptochlorin on allergic responses in vitro and in vivo. Streptochlorin inhibited degranulation and production of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-4 by antigen-stimulated mast cells. Streptochlorin also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38, ERK, and JNK. Further, streptochlorin reduced the phosphorylation of Syk in RBL-2H3 cells and inhibited the activity of Lyn and Fyn. Furthermore, administration of streptochlorin suppressed the allergic reactions in both passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic dermatitis in mice model. Considering the data obtained, we report for the first time that streptochlorin possess anti-allergic properties. The underlying mechanism of streptochlorin in exhibiting potent anti-allergic activity might be through the inhibition of the Lyn/Fyn and Syk signaling pathways.
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An fc gamma receptor-mediated upregulation of the production of interleukin 10 by intravenous immunoglobulin in bone-marrow-derived mouse dendritic cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2013; 2013:239320. [PMID: 23853721 PMCID: PMC3703884 DOI: 10.1155/2013/239320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a highly purified immunoglobulin fraction prepared from pooled plasma of several thousand donors, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production, while decreased proinflammatory cytokine IL-12p70 production in bone-marrow-derived mouse dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The changes of cytokine production were confirmed with the transcription levels of these cytokines. To study the mechanisms of this bidirectional effect, we investigated changes of intracellular molecules in the LPS-induced signaling pathway and observed that IVIG upregulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation while downregulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Using chemical inhibitors specific to protein kinases involved in activation of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), which mediate IgG signals, we found that hyperphosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Syk phosphorylation occurred after stimulation of BMDC with LPS and IVIG, and the increasing effect on IL-10 production was abolished by these inhibitors. Furthermore, an antibody specific to FcγRI, one of FcγRs involved in immune activation, inhibited IVIG-induced increases in IL-10 production, but not IL-12p70 decreases, whereas the anti-IL-10 antibody restored the decrease in IL-12p70 induced by IVIG. These findings suggest that IVIG induced the upregulation of IL-10 production through FcγRI activation, and IL-10 was indispensable to the suppressing effect of IVIG on the production of IL-12p70 in LPS-stimulated BMDC.
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35
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Han SY, Bae JY, Park SH, Kim YH, Park JHY, Kang YH. Resveratrol inhibits IgE-mediated basophilic mast cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. J Nutr 2013; 143:632-9. [PMID: 23514766 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.173302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin abundantly found in red grape skin and is effective in antitumor and antiinflammation associated with immune responses. This study investigated whether resveratrol suppressed immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergic responses and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rat RBL-2H3 mast cells and in BALB/c mice. The release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine was enhanced in mast cells sensitized with anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-IgE and subsequently stimulated by DNP-human serum albumin (HSA), indicative of mast cell degranulation. When mast cells were pretreated with nontoxic resveratrol at 1-25 μmol/L, such induction was dose dependently diminished. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) of sensitized mast cells were activated by stimulation with DNP-HSA antigen, which was dampened by ≥5 μmol/L resveratrol. The phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC)μ and PKCθ was attenuated by administering resveratrol to DNP-HSA-exposed mast cells, whereas quiescent PKCζ/λ in sensitized cells was dose-dependently activated by resveratrol. Male BALB/c mice were sensitized for 24 h with DNP-IgE and orally administered with resveratrol 1 h before the DNP-HSA challenge. The histamine concentration was enhanced in sensitized mice challenged to DNP-HSA, which was reversed by administration of 10 mg/kg resveratrol. Additionally, it encumbered the tissue activation of Syk, PLCγ, and PKCμ in antigen-exposed mice. Resveratrol decreased IgE-mediated PCA and alleviated allergic edema of mouse ear and dorsal skin. Mast cell degranulation and allergic inflammation, accompanying the induction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, were inhibited by supplementing resveratrol to antigen-challenged mice. Resveratrol inhibited mast cell-derived, immediate-type allergic reactions, and these responses of resveratrol suggest possible therapeutic strategies in preventing allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Grädler U, Schwarz D, Dresing V, Musil D, Bomke J, Frech M, Greiner H, Jäkel S, Rysiok T, Müller-Pompalla D, Wegener A. Structural and biophysical characterization of the Syk activation switch. J Mol Biol 2012; 425:309-33. [PMID: 23154170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syk is an essential non-receptor tyrosine kinase in intracellular immunological signaling, and the control of Syk kinase function is considered as a valuable target for pharmacological intervention in autoimmune or inflammation diseases. Upon immune receptor stimulation, the kinase activity of Syk is regulated by binding of phosphorylated immune receptor tyrosine-based activating motifs (pITAMs) to the N-terminal tandem Src homology 2 (tSH2) domain and by autophosphorylation with consequences for the molecular structure of the Syk protein. Here, we present the first crystal structures of full-length Syk (fl-Syk) as wild type and as Y348F,Y352F mutant forms in complex with AMP-PNP revealing an autoinhibited conformation. The comparison with the crystal structure of the truncated Syk kinase domain in complex with AMP-PNP taken together with ligand binding studies by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) suggests conformational differences in the ATP sites of autoinhibited and activated Syk forms. This hypothesis was corroborated by studying the thermodynamic and kinetic interaction of three published Syk inhibitors with isothermal titration calorimetry and SPR, respectively. We further demonstrate the modulation of inhibitor binding affinities in the presence of pITAM and discuss the observed differences of thermodynamic and kinetic signatures. The functional relevance of pITAM binding to fl-Syk was confirmed by a strong stimulation of in vitro autophosphorylation. A structural feedback mechanism on the kinase domain upon pITAM binding to the tSH2 domain is discussed in analogy of the related family kinase ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70). Surprisingly, we observed distinct conformations of the tSH2 domain and the activation switch including Tyr348 and Tyr352 in the interdomain linker of Syk in comparison to ZAP-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Grädler
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono Research, Small Molecule Platform/MIB, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Serine phosphorylation by SYK is critical for nuclear localization and transcription factor function of Ikaros. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18072-7. [PMID: 23071339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209828109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a zinc finger-containing DNA-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis through transcriptional regulation of the earliest stages of lymphocyte ontogeny and differentiation. Functional deficiency of Ikaros has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common form of childhood cancer. Therefore, a stringent regulation of Ikaros activity is considered of paramount importance, but the operative molecular mechanisms responsible for its regulation remain largely unknown. Here we provide multifaceted genetic and biochemical evidence for a previously unknown function of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) as a partner and posttranslational regulator of Ikaros. We demonstrate that SYK phoshorylates Ikaros at unique C-terminal serine phosphorylation sites S358 and S361, thereby augmenting its nuclear localization and sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Mechanistically, we establish that SYK-induced Ikaros activation is essential for its nuclear localization and optimal transcription factor function.
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de Castro RO, Zhang J, Groves JR, Barbu EA, Siraganian RP. Once phosphorylated, tyrosines in carboxyl terminus of protein-tyrosine kinase Syk interact with signaling proteins, including TULA-2, a negative regulator of mast cell degranulation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8194-204. [PMID: 22267732 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.326850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the high affinity IgE-binding receptor (FcεRI) results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of two conserved tyrosines located close to the COOH terminus of the protein-tyrosine kinase Syk. Synthetic peptides representing the last 10 amino acids of the tail of Syk with these two tyrosines either nonphosphorylated or phosphorylated were used to precipitate proteins from mast cell lysates. Proteins specifically precipitated by the phosphorylated peptide were identified by mass spectrometry. These included the adaptor proteins SLP-76, Nck-1, Grb2, and Grb2-related adaptor downstream of Shc (GADS) and the protein phosphatases SHIP-1 and TULA-2 (also known as UBASH3B or STS-1). The presence of these in the precipitates was further confirmed by immunoblotting. Using the peptides as probes in far Western blots showed direct binding of the phosphorylated peptide to Nck-1 and SHIP-1. Immunoprecipitations suggested that there were complexes of these proteins associated with Syk especially after receptor activation; in these complexes are Nck, SHIP-1, SLP-76, Grb2, and TULA-2 (UBASH3B or STS-1). The decreased expression of TULA-2 by treatment of mast cells with siRNA increased the FcεRI-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the activation loop tyrosines of Syk and the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ2. There was parallel enhancement of the receptor-induced degranulation and activation of nuclear factor for T cells or nuclear factor κB, indicating that TULA-2, like SHIP-1, functions as a negative regulator of FcεRI signaling in mast cells. Therefore, once phosphorylated, the terminal tyrosines of Syk bind complexes of proteins that are positive and negative regulators of signaling in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Orlandini de Castro
- Receptors and Signal Transduction Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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