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Sa R, Ma J, Yang J, Li DF, Du J, Jia JC, Li ZY, Huang N, A L, Sha R, Nai G, Hexig B, Meng JQ, Yu L. High TXNIP expression accelerates the migration and invasion of the GDM placenta trophoblast. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:235. [PMID: 37038114 PMCID: PMC10084645 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous study has proofed the glucose sensitive gene-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression was up in the placenta of the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the pathological mechanisms underlying abnormal TXNIP expression in the placenta of patients with GDM is completely unclear and additional investigations are required to explain the findings we have observed. In the present study, we simulated the high TXNIP expression via introducing the Tet-On "switch" in vitro, approximate to its expression level in the real world, to explore the following consequence of the abnormal TXNIP. METHODS The expression and localization of TXNIP in the placenta of GDM patients and the health control was investigated via immunofluorescent staining, western blot and RT-qPCR. Overexpression of TXNIP was achieved through transfecting Tet-on system to the human trophoblastic cell line-HTR-8/Svneo cell. TXNIP knockout was obtained via CRISPR-Cas9 method. The cell phenotype was observed via IncuCyte Imaging System and flow cytometry. The mechanism was explored via western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS The expression level of TXNIP in the GDM placenta was nearly 2-3 times higher than that in the control. The TXNIP located at trophoblastic cells of the placenta. When the expression of TXNIP was upregulated, the migration and invasion of the cells accelerated, but cell apoptosis and proliferation did not changed compared with the control group. Furthermore, the size of the TetTXNIP cells became larger, and the expression level of Vimentin and p-STAT3 increased in the TetTXNIP cells. All the changes mentioned above were opposite in the TXNIP-KO cells. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal expression of TXNIP might be related to the impairment of the GDM placental function, affecting the migration and invasion of the placental trophoblast cells through STAT3 and Vimentin related pathway; thus, TXNIP might be the potential therapeutic target for repairing the placental dysfunction deficient in GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sa
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Clinical Lab, Mongolia Maternity And Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Dong Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jian Chao Jia
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Zhi Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Lamusi A
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Rula Sha
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Gal Nai
- Department of Genetics 、 Development and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Bayar Hexig
- Department of Genetics 、 Development and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Ji Qing Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China.
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China.
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Klöppel E, Sinzato YK, Rodrigues T, Gallego FQ, Karki B, Volpato GT, Corrente JE, Roy S, Damasceno DC. Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pregnancy of Rats with Pregestational Diabetes and Their Offspring. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1241-1256. [PMID: 35999443 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on vitamin D supplementation have been performed in experimental and clinical investigations considering gestational diabetes and/or vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy. However, the results are controversial and few present the effects and mechanisms of this micronutrient on pregestational diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy of rats with pre-existing diabetes and their fetuses. Pregestational diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats at birth. The adult diabetic and nondiabetic rats were orally administered with vitamin D (cholecalciferol) throughout the pregnancy. The diabetes status was monitored during pregnancy by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the end of the pregnancy, pancreas and blood samples were collected for morphological analyses and lipid peroxidation measurements, respectively. The influence of vitamin D treatment on reproductive outcomes, fetal growth, and development were compared to those of untreated diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant rats. P < 0.05 was considered a significant statistical limit. The diabetic rats given vitamin D had a greater number of insulin-positive cells, contributing to reduced blood glucose levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations (TBARS-an indicator of membrane lipid peroxidation), and increased reduced thiol group levels, contributing to suitable intrauterine conditions for better fetal development, which was confirmed by higher fetal viability rates. Thus, this study shows the effects and mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation on pre-existing diabetes in pregnant rats, confirming its beneficial effects on maternal redox status and glycemic control, and the decline of adverse maternal-fetal repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Klöppel
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Q Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Barshana Karki
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
- , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - José E Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Sayon Roy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research On Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course On Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil.
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Floriano JF, Barbosa AMP, de Oliveira RG, Vega S, Catinelli BB, Garcia GA, Reyes DR, Sobrevia L, Rudge MVC. Maternal care of the whole litter improves the success rate of diabetes in pregnancy in rats. Placenta 2022; 130:42-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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da Silva Pereira MM, de Melo IMF, Braga VAÁ, Teixeira ÁAC, Wanderley-Teixeira V. Effect of swimming exercise, insulin-associated or not, on inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and collagen in diabetic rat placentas. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:467-479. [PMID: 35022821 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is an important therapeutic agent for women with diabetes during gestation. However, its histophysiological consequences for the placenta remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the expression of VEGF-A, IL1ß, TNFα, and type I collagen in the placentas of diabetic rats subjected to a swimming program. Thirty rats were divided into the following groups: CG, pregnant nondiabetic rats; CEG, nondiabetic pregnant rats subjected to swimming; DG, pregnant diabetic rats; DEG, pregnant diabetic rats subjected to swimming; DIG, pregnant diabetic rats treated with insulin; DIEG, pregnant diabetic rats treated with insulin and subjected to swimming. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin [50 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)], and insulin was administered at a dose of 5 U/day i.p. (2 U at 10 am and 3 U at 7 pm) in the DIG group; in the DIEG group, insulin was administered at a dose of only 2 U/day at 7 pm. The rats were sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. There was an increase in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF-A, and type I collagen and a higher apoptotic index in the placentas of the DG and DEG groups, but there was a reduction in glycemia in the latter group. In the DIG and DIEG groups, the levels remained similar to those of the control; however, in these groups the reduction was more significant for all analyzed parameters. Therefore, in rats induced to diabetes during pregnancy, swimming, although reducing glycemic levels, did not prevent immunohistochemical changes in the placenta, suggesting the need for a multidisciplinary protocol associated with traditional pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Maria da Silva Pereira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ismaela Maria Ferreira de Melo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valeska Andrea Ático Braga
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
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Martins MG, Cruz AGD, Oliveira GPD, Woodside B, Horta-Júnior JDADCE, Kiss ACI. Effects of snack intake during pregnancy and lactation on reproductive outcome in mild hyperglycemic rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113544. [PMID: 34332976 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, like diabetes, as well as maternal diet, alter nutrient availability in utero, inducing adaptations in the offspring. Whether the effects of maternal hyperglycemia are modulated by diet, however, has yet to be explored. In the current study, we examined this issue by giving females rats, treated neonatally with STZ to induce mild hyperglycemia, and control littermates either ad libitum access to standard chow (Control n = 17; STZ n = 16) or standard chow and snacks (Control-snack n = 18; STZ-snack n = 19) (potato chips and a red fruit-flavored sucrose syrup solution 1.5%) throughout pregnancy and lactation. We hypothesized that the maternal glucose intolerance typically seen in female rats treated neonatally with STZ would be exacerbated by snack intake, and that the combination of snack intake and STZ treatment would lead to alterations in maternal behavior and offspring development. Maternal body weight and food intake were measured daily through pregnancy and lactation and litter weight throughout lactation. At birth, litter size, offspring weight, body length, and anogenital distance were obtained and offspring were classified according to their weight. Measures of nursing and retrieval behavior, as well as exploration in the open field and the elevated plus-maze were also recorded. As predicted, snack intake tended to aggravate the glucose intolerance of STZ-treated rats during pregnancy. Both Control and STZ-treated females that had access to snacks ate more calories and fat, but less carbohydrate and protein than females having access to chow alone. Overall, STZ-treated dams gave birth to fewer pups. Chow-fed STZ females gave birth to a greater proportion of large for pregnancy age pups, whereas dams in the Control-snack group gave birth to a greater proportion of small pups. The birth weight classification of pups born to STZ-snack rats, however, resembled that of the Control chow-fed females. Although all litters gained weight during lactation, litters from snack-fed dams gained less weight regardless of maternal hyperglycemia and did not show catch-up growth by weaning. Overall, STZ rats spent more time nest building, whereas the average inter milk ejection interval was higher in snack-fed females. STZ-snack dams retrieved the complete litter faster than dams in the other groups. Together, these data suggest that when mild hyperglycemic females are given access to snacks throughout pregnancy and lactation their intake is similar to that of Control females given snack access. The combination of hyperglycemia and snack access tended to decrease glucose tolerance in pregnancy, and normalized birth weight classification, but produced few other effects that were not seen as a function of snack intake or hyperglycemia alone. Since birth weight is a strong predictor of health issues, future studies will further investigate offspring behavioral and metabolic outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Galleazzo Martins
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo (IB/USP), Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Gonçalves da Cruz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo (IB/USP), Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Giovana Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo (IB/USP), Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Psychology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
| | - José de Anchieta de Castro E Horta-Júnior
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Inhasz Kiss
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences of the University of São Paulo (IB/USP), Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
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Sinzato YK, Klöppel E, Miranda CA, Paula VG, Alves LF, Nascimento LL, Campos AP, Karki B, Hampl V, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Comparison of streptozotocin-induced diabetes at different moments of the life of female rats for translational studies. Lab Anim 2021; 55:329-340. [PMID: 33752496 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are widely used for studying diabetes in translational research. However, methods for induction of diabetes are conflicting with regards to their efficacy, reproducibility and cost. A comparison of outcomes between the diabetic models is still unknown, especially full-term pregnancy.To understand the comparison, we analyzed the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes at three life-different moments during the neonatal period in Sprague-Dawley female rats: at the first (D1), second (D2) and fifth (D5) day of postnatal life. At adulthood (90 days; D90), the animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetic status confirmation. The diabetic and control rats were mated and sacrificed at full-term pregnancy for different analyses. Group D1 presented a higher mortality percentage after STZ administration than groups D2 and D5. All diabetic groups presented higher blood glucose levels as compared to those of the control group, while group D5 had higher levels of glycemia compared with other groups during OGTT. The diabetic groups showed impaired reproductive outcomes compared with the control group. Group D1 had lower percentages of mated rats and D5 showed a lower percentage of a full-term pregnancy. Besides that, these two groups also showed the highest percentages of inadequate fetal weight. In summary, although all groups fulfill the diagnosis criteria for diabetes in adult life, in our investigation diabetes induced on D5 presents lower costs and higher efficacy and reproducibility for studies involving diabetes-complicated pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Klöppel
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Carolina A Miranda
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Verônyca G Paula
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Larissa F Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Campos
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | | | - Václav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
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Macedo NCD, Iessi IL, Gallego FQ, Netto AO, Sinzato YK, Volpato GT, Zambrano E, Damasceno DC. Swimming Program on Mildly Diabetic Rats in Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2223-2235. [PMID: 33515208 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to confirm if the moderate-intensity swimming has successful glycemic control and non-toxic oxidative stress levels and to verify the influence on pancreatic adaptations, embryo implantation, and placental efficiency. Female Wistar rats were randomly distributed to obtain mildly diabetic by streptozotocin induction at birth and the non-diabetic females given vehicle. At adulthood, pregnant rats were put at random into sedentary non-diabetic rats (ND); exercise non-diabetic rats (NDEx); sedentary diabetic rats (D); and exercise diabetic rats (DEx). The rats of the groups submitted to moderate intensity carried loads equivalent to 4% of body weight. On day 17 of gestational day, all rats were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Next day (GD18), the rats were anesthetized and killed to count implantation sites and to collect placentas, blood, and muscle samples for biochemical biomarkers and pancreas for immunohistochemical analysis. The moderate exercise used was not sufficient to stimulate the aerobic pathway but presented positive results on glucose metabolism, lower embryo postimplantation loss, and pancreatic morphology compared with the sedentary diabetic group. However, the DEx group showed muscular damage, decreased antioxidant defense, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, the moderate-intensity exercise reduces glycemic levels during OGTT and causes no damage to non-diabetic rats related to other analyzed parameters in this study. The exercised diabetic rats present better glycemic metabolism in OGTT, islet pancreatic morphology, and embryofetal development. However, it is necessary an adjustment in this exercise intensity to improve the effectiveness of aerobic training for reduction of maternal muscular and lipid membrane damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália C D Macedo
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Isabela L Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Q Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Aline O Netto
- Southwest Paulista University Center (Unifsp), Itapetininga, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Cuidad de México, México
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Program on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, SÃO Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Silva JNDA, Monteiro NR, Antunes PA, Favareto APA. Maternal and developmental toxicity after exposure to formulation of chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl during organogenesis in rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191026. [PMID: 33206784 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl are fungicides widely used in agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess maternal toxicity and embryotoxic potential of exposure to chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl during organogenesis period in rats. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: control and exposed to 400 (CT400), 800 (CT800) and 1200 mg-1kg bw-1 day (CT1200) of commercial formulation constituted of 200 g of thiophanate-methyl kg-1 and 500 g of chlorothalonil kg-1 by gavage, from 6th to 15th gestational day. Maternal toxicity, liver, kidney and placenta histology, reproductive performance, and external, skeletal and visceral malformations of fetuses were evaluated. Maternal liver weight was decreased in CT1200 group and focal necrosis and microvesicular steatosis, inflammatory infiltrate and hepatocytes with pyknotic nucleus were observed in CT800 and CT1200 groups. Reproductive performance was similar among groups. The percentage of fetuses small for pregnancy age was increase in CT400 and CT800 groups. Moreover, incidence of skeletal anomalies was increased in the three groups exposed to fungicides. Chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl exposure showed affect the prenatal development and induce maternal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline N DA Silva
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista/ UNOESTE, Faculdade de Artes, Ciências e Letras de Presidente Prudente/FACLEPP, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayara R Monteiro
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista/ UNOESTE, Faculdade de Artes, Ciências e Letras de Presidente Prudente/FACLEPP, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia A Antunes
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista/ UNOESTE, Faculdade de Artes, Ciências e Letras de Presidente Prudente/FACLEPP, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A Favareto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade do Oeste Paulista/UNOESTE, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572, Limoeiro, 19067-175 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Marques Neto SR, Castiglione RC, da Silva TCB, Paes LDS, Pontes A, Oliveira DF, Ferraz EB, Ade Caldas CC, Nascimento JHM, Bouskela E. Effects of high intensity interval training on neuro-cardiovascular dynamic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high-fat diet in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240060. [PMID: 33095799 PMCID: PMC7584217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mitochondrial swelling is involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases associated with oxidative stress including obesity. One of the strategies for prevention of deleterious effects related to obesity and overweight is engaging in regular physical activity, of which high intensity interval training (HIIT) is efficient in promoting biogenesis and improving the function of mitochondria. Therefore, our aims were to investigate the effects of HIIT on metabolic and neuro-cardiovascular dynamic control and mitochondrial swelling induced by high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-three male Wistar rats (60 - 80g) were divided into 4 subgroups: control (C), HIIT, HFD and HFD+HIIT. The whole experimentation period lasted for 22 weeks and HIIT sessions were performed 5 days a week during the last 4 weeks. At the end of the experiments, fasting glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Cerebral microcirculation was analyzed using cortical intravital microscopy for capillary diameter and functional density. Cardiac function and ergoespirometric parameters were also investigated. Mitochondrial swelling was evaluated on brain and heart extracts. HFD promoted an increase on body adiposity (p<0.001), fasting glucose levels (p<0.001), insulin resistance index (p<0.05), cardiac hypertrophy index (p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), along with worsened cardiac function (p<0.05), reduced functional cerebral capillary density (p<0.05) and its diameter (p<0.01), and heart and brain mitochondrial function (p<0.001). HFD did not affect any ergoespirometric parameter. After 4 weeks of training, HIIT was able to improve cardiac hypertrophy index, diastolic blood pressure, cerebral functional capillary density (p<0.01) and heart and brain mitochondrial swelling (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In animals subjected to HFD, HIIT ameliorated both cerebral mitochondrial swelling and functional capillary density, but it did not improve cardiovascular function suggesting that the cardiovascular dysfunction elicited by HFD was not due to heart mitochondrial swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio R. Marques Neto
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory (LACAF), Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Health Science School, Universidade do Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raquel C. Castiglione
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Teresa C. B. da Silva
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Health Science School, Universidade do Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lorena da S. Paes
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aiza Pontes
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dahienne F. Oliveira
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle B. Ferraz
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carla Christina Ade Caldas
- Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory (LACAF), Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Hamilton M. Nascimento
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bueno A, Sinzato YK, Volpato GT, Gallego FQ, Perecin F, Rodrigues T, Damasceno DC. Severity of prepregnancy diabetes on the fetal malformations and viability associated with early embryos in rats†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:938-950. [PMID: 32870261 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Preexisting/pregestational diabetes enhances the risk of birth defects. Several factors have been involved during the implantation process, such as cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). The objective was to evaluate the effects of two levels of diabetes on the redox status of preimplantation embryos during the implantation process to comprehend how both are involved in embryo and fetal viability against maternal diabetes. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received streptozotocin at birth (mild diabetes [MD]) or at adulthood (severe diabetes [SD]) to obtain two experimental diabetes intensities. After confirming the diabetic status, the nondiabetic and diabetic groups were mated around day 110 of life. At gestational day (GD) 21, fetuses were assessed for viability and malformations and ovaries for embryo loss before implantation. Other pregnant nondiabetic and diabetic rats were sacrificed at GD2-4 for maternal and preimplantation embryo oxidative stress markers, maternal serum insulin, uterine fluid GM-CSF, and preimplantation embryo morphological analysis. MD and SD caused abnormal redox levels, lower GM-CSF and insulin levels during the preimplantation period, and embryonic loss before implantation. SD caused lower fetal viability and higher fetal malformation percentages at GD21. The SD dam-derived preimplantation embryos presented lower glutathione levels and higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration at GD3 and an increased frequency of abnormal preimplantation embryos at GD4. In conclusion, preexisting diabetes leads to complications in the implantation process. Furthermore, maternal oxidative stress and other metabolic changes alter the redox state and morphological structure of preimplantation embryos, contributing to damaged growth and development in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bueno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course on Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
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11
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A treatment with a boiled aqueous extract of Hancornia speciosa Gomes leaves improves the metabolic status of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:114. [PMID: 32303220 PMCID: PMC7164147 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background Hancornia speciosa is usually used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat diabetes. The hypothesis of the present study is that this medicinal plant exerts beneficial effects on hyperglycemia, preventing diabetic complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment effect of the aqueous extract of H. speciosa leaves on metabolic parameters of diabetic rats. Methods The H. speciosa extract (400 mg/Kg) was administered to both nondiabetic and severely diabetic female Wistar rats by gavage. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated on day 17 of pregnancy. After 21 days of treatment, the animals were anesthetized and killed to obtain organ weights. Blood samples were collected for an analysis of serum biochemical parameters. Results After treatment with the H. speciosa extract, the parameters of nondiabetic rats remained unchanged. In treated diabetic rats, glycemia, AUC, dyslipidemia parameters, and relative organ weights were decreased compared with nontreated diabetic rats. Severely diabetic rats showed decompensated hyperglycemia, polydipsia, hyperphagia and dyslipidemia. However, the aqueous extract of H. speciosa leaves decreased diabetes complications (indicating a lack of toxicity), reduced blood glucose levels, and exerced lipid-lowering effects. Conclusion Based on or findings, the H. speciosa leaf extract may be a safe and promising candidate treatment for diabetes and other diseases.
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12
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Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165535. [PMID: 31442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transitory organ, located between the mother and the foetus, which supports intrauterine life. This organ has nutritional, endocrine and immunologic functions to support foetal development. Several factors are related to the correct functioning of the placenta including foetal and maternal blood flow, appropriate nutrients, expression and function of receptors and transporters, and the morphology of the placenta itself. Placental morphology is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of the organ as represents the physical structure where nutrient exchange occurs. In pathologies of pregnancy such as diabetes mellitus in humans and animal models, several changes in the placental morphology occur, related mainly with placental size, hypervascularization, higher branching capillaries of the villi and increased glycogen deposits among others. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with modifications in the structure of the human placenta including changes in the surface area and volume, as well as histological changes including an increased volume of intervillous space and terminal villi, syncytiotrophoblast number, fibrinoid areas, and glycogen deposits. These modifications may result in functional changes in this organ thus limiting the wellbeing of the developing foetus. This review gives an overview of recurrent morphological changes at macroscopic and histological levels seen in the placenta from gestational diabetes in humans and animal models. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Gallego FQ, Miranda CA, Sinzato YK, Iessi IL, Dallaqua B, Pando RH, Rocha NS, Volpato GT, Damasceno DC. Temporal analysis of distribution pattern of islet cells and antioxidant enzymes for diabetes onset in postnatal critical development window in rats. Life Sci 2019; 226:57-67. [PMID: 30930115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM At performing a temporal analysis of the distribution pattern of islet endocrine cells and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats during the post-natal critical development window. MAIN METHODS The newborns received streptozotocin (STZ) at birth for diabetes induction, and control females received the vehicle. The animals were euthanized at different lifetimes: D5, D10, D15, and D30. Morphological analysis of pancreas and biochemical assays was performed. KEY FINDINGS The STZ-induced rats presented irregular shape of islet on D5 and there was an attempt to restore of this shape in other life moment studied. There was an increase progressive in islet area, however they maintained smaller than those of control rats, with lower labeling intensity for insulin, higher for glucagon and somatostatin, lower for SOD-1 was lower in the islets of the STZ-induced animals at all times studied and for GSH-Px in D10 and D30. SIGNIFICANCE Although STZ-induced diabetic rats presented compensatory mechanisms to restore the mass of endocrine cells, this was not sufficient since these rats developed the diabetic state. This was confirmed by the oral glucose tolerance test from D30. In addition, the delta (δ)-cells presented ectopic location in islets, indicating a possible relationship for beta (β)-cell mass restoration. There was a response of the pancreas to reduce the hyperglycemia in the first month of life. Furthermore, the cells from the endocrine pancreas of diabetic animals show a decline of antioxidant enzymatic, contributing to the increased susceptibility of cells to hyperglycemia-induced ROS in this postnatal critical development window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Abreu Miranda
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lovizutto Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dallaqua
- DeVry Ruy Barbosa School (DeVry Brazil Group), Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Rogelio Hernandez Pando
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noeme Sousa Rocha
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gallego FQ, Sinzato YK, Miranda CA, Iessi IL, Dallaqua B, Volpato GT, Scarano WR, SanMartín S, Damasceno DC. Pancreatic islet response to diabetes during pregnancy in rats. Life Sci 2018; 214:1-10. [PMID: 30366036 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess the mechanisms underlying pancreatic islet adaptation in diabetic mothers and their pups. Additionally, the influence of pancreatic adaptations on maternal reproductive performance was also investigated. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin for diabetes induction. At adulthood (3 months), all animals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for glucose assessment as an inclusion criterion. Following, the animals were mated. At day 18 of pregnancy, the mothers were killed for blood collect ion to determine fasting insulin and glucagon concentrations. The pancreas was removed and processed for the immunohistochemical analysis of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, Ki-67 and PDX-1, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The pregnant uterus was also collected for the evaluation of embryofetal loss. KEY FINDINGS The diabetic rats showed increased glucose, serum glucagon and insulin concentrations, and embryofetal loss rates. They also showed a reduction in pancreatic islets area and percentage of cells stained for insulin, increased the percentage of non-β cells (alpha e delta cells) stained for Ki-67, glucagon, and somatostatin. Moreover, the cells stained for somatostatin were spread across the islets and showed stronger staining for MDA and weaker staining for GSH-Px. SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes leads to adaptive responses from the endocrine pancreas in pregnancy that especially involves non-β cells, modifying the mantle-core structure. Nonetheless, these adaptations are not enough for glucose homeostasis and affect the maternal environment, which in turn impairs fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Quintanilha Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carolina Abreu Miranda
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lovizutto Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dallaqua
- DeVry Ruy Barbosa School (DeVry Brazil Group), Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Botucatu Bioscience Institute, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Post Graduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.
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Increased O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Modification of NF-ΚB and Augmented Cytokine Production in the Placentas from Hyperglycemic Rats. Inflammation 2018; 40:1773-1781. [PMID: 28688099 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation as a result of NF-κB activation may result from the classical (canonical) pathway, with disconnection of the IκB inhibitor and subsequent nuclear translocation or, alternatively, by post-translational modifications of modulatory proteins or NF-κB subunits (non-canonical pathway). We hypothesized that hyperglycemia-induced increased glycosylation with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) of NF-κB in placental tissue leads to augmented production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, culminating in placental dysfunction and fetal restriction growth. Single injections of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) or vehicle were used to induce hyperglycemia or normoglycemia, respectively, in female Wistar rats. After 3 days, rats were mated and pregnancy confirmed. Placental tissue was collected at 21 days of pregnancy. Placental expression of p65 subunit was similar between groups. However, nuclear translocation of p65 subunit, showing greater activation of NF-κB, was increased in the hyperglycemic group. Reduced expression of IκB and increased expression of phosphorylated IκBSer32 were observed in the placenta from hyperglycemic rats, demonstrating increased classical NF-κB activation. Augmented modification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins was found in the placenta from hyperglycemic rats and p65 subunit was a key O-GlcNAc target, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions were increased in the placenta from hyperglycemic rats. Furthermore, placental weight was increased, whereas fetal weight was decreased under hyperglycemic conditions. TNF-α and IL-6 demonstrated positive correlations with placental weight and negative correlations with fetal weight and placental efficiency. Therefore, under hyperglycemic conditions, a modulatory role of O-GlcNAc in NF-κB activity was demonstrated in the placenta, contributing to fetal and placental dysfunction due to inflammatory cytokine exacerbation.
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Dela Justina V, Dos Passos Junior RR, Bressan AF, Tostes RC, Carneiro FS, Soares TS, Volpato GT, Lima VV, Martin SS, Giachini FR. O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine deposition in placental proteins varies according to maternal glycemic levels. Life Sci 2018; 205:18-25. [PMID: 29746846 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycemia increases glycosylation with O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) contributing to placental dysfunction and fetal growth impairment. Our aim was to determine how O-GlcNAc levels are affected by hyperglycemia and the O-GlcNAc distribution in different placental regions. MAIN METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: severe hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL; n = 5); mild hyperglycemia (>140 mg/dL, at least than two time points during oral glucose tolerance test; n = 7) or normoglycemia (<120 mg/dL; n = 6). At 21 days of pregnancy, placental tissue was collected and processed for morphometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, or properly stored at -80 °C for protein quantification by western blot. KEY FINDINGS Placental index was increased only in severe hyperglycemic rats. Morphometric analysis showed increased junctional zone and decreased labyrinth region in placentas exclusively from the severe hyperglycemic group. Proteins targeted by O-GlcNAc were detected in all regions, with increased O-GlcNAc levels in the hyperglycemic group compared to control and mild hyperglycemic rats. Proteins in endothelial and trophoblast cells were the main target for O-GlcNAc. Whereas no changes in O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression were detected, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression was reduced in placentas from the severe hyperglycemic group and augmented in placentas from the mild hyperglycemic group, compared with their respective control groups. SIGNIFICANCE Placental O-GlcNAc overexpression may contribute to placental dysfunction, as indicated by the placental index. Additionally, morphometric alterations, occurring simultaneously with increased O-GlcNAc accumulation in the placental tissue may contribute to placental dysfunction during hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Alecsander F Bressan
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaigra S Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Botucatu, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Sebastian San Martin
- Biomedical Research Center School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
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Hauschildt AT, Corá LA, Volpato GT, Sinzato YK, Damasceno DC, Américo MF. Mild diabetes: long-term effects on gastric motility evaluated in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:29-37. [PMID: 29479759 PMCID: PMC5917388 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate hyperglycaemic levels seem to be related to abnormal gastric motility in diabetes mellitus. However, experimental models designed to evaluate the relationship between motility and diabetes over time are not yet well established. Our objective was to investigate the long-term effects of mild diabetes on gastric motility in rats. Newborn male rats received streptozotocin (mild diabetes groups - MD) or vehicle (control groups - C), and both groups were evaluated after 3 (C3 and MD3) and 6 months (C6 and MD6) postinduction. Mild diabetic animals (MD3 and MD6) showed moderately elevated blood glucose and decreased insulin levels compared with control (C3 and C6). Insulin secretion was enhanced in MD6 compared with MD3, most likely due to partial β-cell regeneration indicated by HOMA-β. In HOMA-IR, it was noticed that MD6 animals had impaired insulin response compared with MD3. Gastric emptying was faster, amplitude of contraction was stronger in MD6 compared with MD3, and in both groups, the differences were significant when compared with control animals. A significant abnormal rhythmic index was calculated for the mild diabetic groups, despite unchanged mean frequency of contraction. In conclusion, despite increased insulin levels over time, constant levels of moderate hyperglycaemia are also related to abnormal gastric motility and impairment of gastric function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana A. Corá
- Alagoas State University of Health Sciences – UNCISALMaceió/ALBrazil
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Vajnerova O, Kafka P, Kratzerova T, Chalupsky K, Hampl V. Pregestational diabetes increases fetoplacental vascular resistance in rats. Placenta 2018; 63:32-38. [PMID: 29486854 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a well-known risk factor in pregnancy. Because maternal diabetes involves oxidative stress that is also induced by chronic hypoxia and can alter vascular function, we sought to determine the effects of chronic maternal hyperglycemia on the fetoplacental vasculature in rats and to compare it with the effects of chronic hypoxia. METHODS Diabetes was induced in female rats by a streptozotocin injection at a neonatal age. When these animals reached adulthood, their hyperglycemia was confirmed and they were inseminated. Half of them were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for the last week before the delivery. One day before the expected date of delivery, one of their placentae was isolated and perfused. RESULTS Fetoplacental vascular resistance was increased equally by experimental diabetes, chronic hypoxia, and their combination. Fetoplacental perfusion pressure-flow analysis suggested increased resistance in the small vessels in chronic hypoxia and in larger vessels in diabetes. Fetal plasma nitrotyrosine levels, measured as a marker of peroxynitrite (reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide), mirrored the differences in fetoplacental resistance, suggesting a causative role. Fetoplacental vasoconstrictor reactivity to acute hypoxic stimuli was reduced similarly in all groups. Fasudil, a strong vasodilator agent, reduced fetoplacental vascular resistance similarly in all groups, suggesting that for the observed differences among the groups, the changes in vascular morphology were more important than variances in vascular tone. DISCUSSION Maternal diabetes increases fetoplacental vascular resistance to a similar extent as chronic hypoxia. These stimuli are not additive. Changes in vascular tone are not responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vajnerova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kafka
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kratzerova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bequer L, Gómez T, Molina JL, Álvarez A, Chaviano C, Clapés S. Experimental diabetes impairs maternal reproductive performance in pregnant Wistar rats and their offspring. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 64:60-70. [PMID: 29156994 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1395928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mild hyperglycemia on metabolism during pregnancy, the maternal reproductive performance, and the characteristics of the offspring in neonatal mild diabetic-induced Wistar rats. The experimental diabetes model was generated by neonatal streptozotocin administration (100 mg of streptozotocin/Kg bw/sc) in female Wistar rats. At adulthood, the control and diabetic group were mated. At the 20th day of gestation, a maternal and fetal blood sample were collected for biochemical measurement. The maternal livers, fetal livers, and placenta were removed for oxidative stress measurements. Maternal reproductive outcomes and fetal and placental morphometric measurements were analyzed. The fetuses were classified as small, appropriate, and large for pregnancy age, and examined for the presence of external anomalies. The diabetic group showed mild hyperglycemia, altered glucose tolerance, increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c during pregnancy. At the 20th day of gestation the diabetic mothers presented increased reabsorptions and embryonic losses before and after implantation, reduced corpora lutea number, litter size, implantation sites, live fetuses, and decreased efficiency of implantation rate. Similarly, the offspring showed reduced fetal, craniofacial, and placental dimensions, in addition to a higher proportion of small fetuses for pregnancy age. Mild hyperglycemia during pregnancy did not generate marked oxidative stress in the mother, and in fetal liver and placenta decreased antioxidant activity was evident by significant consumption of reduced glutathione. Mild diabetes led to a negative impact on maternal reproductive performance and characteristics of the offspring. This experimental model reproduced maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnant rats presenting controlled diabetes. ABBREVIATIONS bw: body weight; sc: subcutaneous; DM: diabetes mellitus; STZ: streptozotocin; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; ITT: insulin tolerance test; GSH: glutathione; MDA: malondialdehyde; AOPPs: advanced oxidation protein products; TBARs: thiobarbituric acid reaction; SPA: small for pregancy age; APA: appropriate for pregnancy age; LPG: large for pregnancy age; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bequer
- a Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Villa Clara , Cuba
| | - Tahiry Gómez
- a Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Villa Clara , Cuba
| | - José L Molina
- a Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Villa Clara , Cuba
| | - Alain Álvarez
- a Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Villa Clara , Cuba
| | - Claudia Chaviano
- a Biomedical Research Center, Medical College of Villa Clara , Cuba
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Afiune LAF, Leal-Silva T, Sinzato YK, Moraes-Souza RQ, Soares TS, Campos KE, Fujiwara RT, Herrera E, Damasceno DC, Volpato GT. Beneficial effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with diabetes. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644857 PMCID: PMC5482446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower is widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes and has shown antifertility activity in female Wistar rats. However, there is no scientific confirmation of its effect on diabetes and pregnancy. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of H. rosa-sinensis flowers on maternal-fetal outcome in pregnant rats with diabetes. Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg) in virgin, adult, female Wistar rats. After diabetes induction, the rats were mated. The pregnant rats were distributed into four groups (n minimum = 11 animals/group): non-diabetic, non-diabetic treated, diabetic, and diabetic treated. Oral aqueous extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was administered to rats in the treatment groups during pregnancy. At term pregnancy, maternal reproductive outcomes, fetal parameters, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Results The non-diabetic treated group showed decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased atherogenic index (AI) and coronary artery risk index (CRI), and increased preimplantation loss rate compared to the non-diabetic group. Although treatment with H. rosa-sinensis led to no toxicity, it showed deleterious effects on cardiac and reproductive functions. However, the diabetic treated group showed increased maternal and fetal weights, reduced AI and CRI, and reduced preimplantation loss rate compared to the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion Our results demonstrate beneficial effects of this flower only in pregnant rats with diabetes and their offspring. Although these findings cannot be extrapolated to human clinical use, they show that the indiscriminate intake of H. rosa-sinensis may be harmful to healthy individuals and its use should be completely avoided in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Alves Freitas Afiune
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Thaís Leal-Silva
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thaigra Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Kleber Eduardo Campos
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
- Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Lv P, Du M, Liang Z, Zhou M, Chen D. Increased retinol-free RBP4 contributes to insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:53-61. [PMID: 28528355 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a circulating retinol transporter that is strongly associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the RBP4 and retinol level in rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus and the relationship between retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4), retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) and insulin resistance. METHODS Pregnant rats were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The RBP4 and retinol levels were evaluated in GDM and normal pregnant rats. After then, normal pregnant rats were divided into two groups to receive either apo-RBP4 or vehicle injection. The metabolic parameters and insulin signaling in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver were determined in apo-RBP4 and control groups. Primary human adipocytes were cultured in vitro with different proportions of apo-RBP4 and holo-RBP4 for 24 h. The interaction between RBP4 and STRA6 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, and the expression of JAK-STAT pathway and insulin signaling were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found increases in serum RBP4 levels and the RBP4:retinol ratio but not in the retinol levels in GDM rats. Exogenous apo-RBP4 injection attenuated insulin sensitivity in pregnant rats. In vitro, a prolonged interaction between RBP4 and STRA6 was observed when apo-RBP4 was present. In response to increased apo-RBP4 levels, cells showed elevated activation of the JAK2/STAT5 cascade and SOCS3 expression, decreased phosphorylation of IR and IRS1, and attenuated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake upon insulin stimulation. CONCLUSION Apo-RBP4 is a ligand that activates the STRA6 signaling cascade, inducing insulin resistance in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Chen
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengzhou People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengkai Du
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menglin Zhou
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Corvino SB, Volpato GT, Macedo NCD, Sinzato YK, Rudge MVC, Damasceno DC. Physiological and biochemical measurements before, during and after pregnancy of healthy rats. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 30:668-74. [PMID: 26560424 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020150100000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the physiological and biochemical measurements before, during and after pregnancy of healthy rats. METHODS Wistar adult females rats (n=8) were weighed and blood samples were obtained before, during and after pregnancy for biochemical determinations, chow intake, water consumption and milk production were evaluated. At day 10 postpartum, the rats were killed for weighing of organs and adipose tissues. RESULTS The results showed increase in body weight, serum insulin and ingestion of water and chow. At day 17 pregnancy, presented normal values in the OGTT. At days 7, 14 and 20 of pregnancy, there was increase in triglyceride levels. At term pregnancy, there was weight gain due to fetal growth. In the postpartum period presented reduced blood glucose levels. The glycemic means were reduced during and after pregnancy compared to after pregnancy. The triglyceride concentrations were increased before and during pregnancy in relation to after pregnancy. The total cholesterol levels presented no changes. CONCLUSION The use of experimental animals is suitable for evaluation of metabolic changes because the profile of answers found in this study was similar to human profile, showing the relevance of translational research to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and possible treatment for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
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Gül M, Bayat N, Çetin A, Kepekçi RA, Şimşek Y, Kayhan B, Turhan U, Otlu A. Histopathological, Ultrastructural and Apoptotic Changes in Diabetic Rat Placenta. Balkan Med J 2015; 32:296-302. [PMID: 26185719 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exchange of substances between mother and fetus via the placenta plays a vital role during development. A number of developmental disorders in the fetus and placenta are observed during diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes, together with placental apoptosis, can lead to developmental and functional disorders. AIMS Histological, ultrastructural and apoptotic changes were investigated in the placenta of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS In this study, a total of 12 female Wistar Albino rats (control (n=6) and diabetic (n=6)) were used. Rats in the diabetic group, following the administration of a single dose of STZ, showed blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dL after 72 hours. When pregnancy was detected after the rats were bred, two pieces of placenta and the fetuses were collected on the 20(th) day of pregnancy by cesarean incision under ketamine/ xylazine anesthesia from in four rats from the control and diabetic groups. Placenta tissues were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff-diastase (PAS-D) staining for light microscopic and caspase-3 staining for immunohistochemical investigations were performed for each placenta. Electron microscopy was performed on thin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead nitrate. RESULTS Weight gain in the placenta and fetuses of diabetic rats and thinning of the decidual layer, thickening of the hemal membrane, apoptotic bodies, congestion in intervillous spaces, increased PAS-D staining in decidual cells and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were observed in the diabetic group. After the ultrastructural examination, the apoptotic appearance of the nuclei of trophoblastic cells, edema and intracytoplasmic vacuolization, glycogen accumulation, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and myelin figures were observed. In addition, capillary basement membrane thickening, capillary endothelial cells chromatin condensation in the nucleus and corrugation of the nucleus were found. CONCLUSION Diabetes causes histomorphometric, ultrastructural and apoptotic changes in rat placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Bayat
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Çetin
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Remziye Aysun Kepekçi
- Department of Biology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Arts and Science, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Şimşek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Başak Kayhan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Uğur Turhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ali Otlu
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Santos TMM, Sinzato YK, Gallego FQ, Iessi IL, Volpato GT, Dallaqua B, Damasceno DC. Extracellular HSP70 levels in diabetic environment in rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:595-603. [PMID: 25813004 PMCID: PMC4463925 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of HSP70 in embryonic cells of mammals and its role for their normal development and protection is an important aspect to be investigated in pregnancy and/or mild diabetes. In this sense, the present study evaluated the effects of mild diabetes on maternal reproductive parameters and HSP70 levels in Wistar rats at different stages of life and in their offspring. Mild diabetes was induced by a beta-cytotoxic drug (streptozotocin) at birth. Four experimental groups were evaluated: at 90 days of age: nonpregnant nondiabetic (ND90) and nonpregnant mild diabetic (D90) female rats, and at term pregnancy: pregnant female rats of both glycemic status were examined (NDP and DP, respectively). The rats were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test, and blood samples were collected for determination of HSP70 levels. In addition, the reproductive performance of pregnant rats was assessed and HSP70 levels determined in their offspring blood samples. The HSP70 levels and maternal reproductive performance presented no difference between ND and D rats, regardless of the life stage. The HSP70 levels were increased in D90 rats and lower in offspring from D rats. Maternal HSP70 levels were positively correlated to the number of dead embryos. In conclusion, mild diabetes did not affect maternal reproductive performance, but high maternal HSP70 levels compromised embryo development. In addition, offspring from D rats exhibited lower HSP70 levels, showing that this protein can be used as an indicator of metabolic consequences of diabetes and predictor of related disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. M. Santos
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
- />Immunology and Parasitology: Basic and Applied Graduate Course, Laboratory of General Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Y. K. Sinzato
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Q. Gallego
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - I. L. Iessi
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. T. Volpato
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
- />Immunology and Parasitology: Basic and Applied Graduate Course, Laboratory of General Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - B. Dallaqua
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - D. C. Damasceno
- />Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology Graduate Course, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ. Estadual Paulista Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
- />Immunology and Parasitology: Basic and Applied Graduate Course, Laboratory of General Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso Brazil
- />Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Distrito de Rubiao Júnior, s/n, CEP: 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
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Volpato GT, Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Ribeiro VM, Rudge MVC, Calderon IMP. Oxidative stress status and placental implications in diabetic rats undergoing swimming exercise after embryonic implantation. Reprod Sci 2015; 22:602-8. [PMID: 25361551 PMCID: PMC4519768 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114556485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits and risks of physical exercise on fetal development during pregnancy remain unclear. The aim was to analyze maternal oxidative stress status and the placental morphometry to relate to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) from diabetic female rats submitted to swimming program after embryonic implantation. Pregnant Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups (11 animals/group): control-nondiabetic sedentary rats, control exercised-nondiabetic exercised rats, diabetic-diabetic sedentary rats, and diabetic exercised-diabetic exercised rats. A swimming program was used as an exercise model. At the end of pregnancy, the maternal oxidative stress status, placental morphology, and fetal weight were analyzed. The swimming program was not efficient to reduce the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. This fact impaired placental development, resulting in altered blood flow and energy reserves, which contributed to a deficient exchange of nutrients and oxygen for the fetal development, leading to IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Laboratory of General Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maria Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema Mattos Paranhos Calderon
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bueno A, Sinzato YK, Sudano MJ, Alvarenga FDCLE, Calderon IDMP, Rudge MVC, Damasceno DC. Short and long-term repercussions of the experimental diabetes in embryofetal development. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:575-81. [PMID: 24408841 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic pregnancy have increased rates of congenital malformation and neonatal mortality. In vitro studies suggest hyperglycemia associated with diabetes impair embryogenesis but in vivo investigations on maternal hyperglycemic insult and early embryo development are scarce. We evaluated the embryofetal development on experimental diabetes models to assess whether hyperglycemia at preimplantation period impairs the progression of pregnancy. METHODS Different hyperglycemic intensities were obtained by two experimental diabetes models. Female Sprague Dawley rats received streptozotocin at birth (mild diabetes) or at day 90 of life (severe diabetes). For both diabetic groups hyperglycemia was confirmed 5 days after diabetes induction and the mating was performed around 100 day of life. For preimplantation analysis, embryos were recovered at D4 of pregnancy. Another group of animals was submitted to laparotomy at D21 to assess contents of the uterus and fetal viability. RESULTS Mild (i) and Severe (ii) diabetes modified the early development. Degenerating embryos percentage was higher compared to control (11%) (i) 30.7%, (ii) 37.3%. Cell number mean dropped according to hyperglycemic intensity (control 30.57, (i) 21.42, (ii) 13.42). Pre and post-implantation loss rates were higher in diabetic groups. The fetal viability also decreased from 96% in the control group to (i) 78.7% and (ii) 80.6%. CONCLUSION Our results show that during diabetic pregnancy, preimplantation embryos present decreased cell number due to higher apoptosis rates, which are dependent of the hyperglycemic intensity. Moreover, fetal viability was also decreased suggesting that the quality of these embryos at long-term may be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bueno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santos SAA, Rinaldi JC, Martins AE, Camargo ACL, Leonelli C, Delella FK, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Impact of gestational diabetes and lactational insulin replacement on structure and secretory function of offspring rat ventral prostate. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:60-71. [PMID: 24983773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have shown that exposure to adverse conditions during the critical stages of embryonic, fetal or neonatal development lead to a significantly increased risk of later disease. Diabetes during pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Here, we investigated whether mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) followed or not by maternal insulin replacement affects the ventral prostate (VP) structure and function in male offspring at puberty and adulthood. Pregnant rats were divided into the following 3 groups: control (CT); streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (D); and D plus insulin replacement during lactation (GDI). The male offspring from different groups were euthanized at postnatal day (PND) 60 and 120. Biometrical parameters, hormonal levels and prostates were evaluated. Mild-GDM promoted reduction in the glandular parenchyma and increased collagen deposition. Insulin replacement during lactation restored the VP morphology. Most importantly, mild-GDM decreased the androgen-induced secretory function as determined by prostatein expression, and insulin replacement reversed this effect. Our results demonstrated that mild GDM impairs VP parenchyma maturation, which is associated with an increase in the fibromuscular stroma compartment. Functionally, the reduction in the VP parenchyma decreases the glandular secretory activity as demonstrated by low expression of prostatein, a potent immunosuppressor factor that protects sperm from immunologic damage into the feminine reproductive tract. This change could lead to impairment of reproductive function in male offspring from diabetic mothers. Maternal insulin replacement during the weaning period apparently restores the prostate function in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda E Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C L Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Leonelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Streptozotocin-induced diabetes models: pathophysiological mechanisms and fetal outcomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:819065. [PMID: 24977161 PMCID: PMC4058231 DOI: 10.1155/2014/819065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is controlled by endocrine pancreatic cells, and any pancreatic disturbance can result in diabetes. Because 8% to 12% of diabetic pregnant women present with malformed fetuses, there is great interest in understanding the etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment of gestational diabetes. Hyperglycemia enhances the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress, which is involved in diabetic teratogenesis. It has also been suggested that maternal diabetes alters embryonic gene expression, which might cause malformations. Due to ethical issues involving human studies that sometimes have invasive aspects and the multiplicity of uncontrolled variables that can alter the uterine environment during clinical studies, it is necessary to use animal models to better understand diabetic pathophysiology. This review aimed to gather information about pathophysiological mechanisms and fetal outcomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. To understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and factors involved in diabetes, the use of pancreatic regeneration studies is increasing in an attempt to understand the behavior of pancreatic beta cells. In addition, these studies suggest a new preventive concept as a treatment basis for diabetes, introducing therapeutic efforts to minimize or prevent diabetes-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and teratogenesis.
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Spada APM, Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Campos KE, Faria PA, Dallaqua B, Calderon IMP, Rudge MVC, Rodrigues T. Oxidative Stress in Maternal Blood and Placenta From Mild Diabetic Rats. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:973-977. [PMID: 24458484 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113519175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was at evaluating the effects of oxidative stress in blood and placenta of mild diabetic Wistar rats. At birth, Wistar rats received citrate buffer (nondiabetic group, n = 15) and another group received streptozotocin (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous) to induce mild diabetes (diabetic, n = 15). The glycemia of these pregnant adult female rats were evaluated at days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of pregnancy, and at term pregnancy, the blood and placental samples were collected for oxidative stress measurements. The mild diabetes caused glycemia superior to 120 mg/dL during pregnancy, increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, and malondialdehyde levels in the blood, and catalase activity in the placenta. Thus, mild diabetes increased activities of antioxidant substances aiming at defending against the exacerbated oxidative stress but were not enough. The placenta also answered to diabetic milieu and increased antioxidant defense, showing that even a mild hyperglycemia was enough to cause placental and maternal blood changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Machado Spada
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Kleber Eduardo Campos
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, University Center of Araguaia, Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Dallaqua
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Iracema Mattos Paranhos Calderon
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP_Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Federal University from ABC (UFABC), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
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30
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Inhasz Kiss AC, Woodside B, Sinzato YK, Bernardi MM, De Grava Kempinas W, Anselmo-Franci JA, Damasceno DC. Neonatally induced mild diabetes: influence on development, behavior and reproductive function of female Wistar rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2013; 5:61. [PMID: 24499555 PMCID: PMC4029359 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-5-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal STZ treatment induces a state of mild hyperglycemia in adult rats that disrupts metabolism and maternal/fetal interactions. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of neonatal STZ treatment on the physical development, behavior, and reproductive function of female Wistar rats from infancy to adulthood. METHODS At birth, litters were assigned either to a Control (subcutaneous (s.c.) citrate buffer, n = 10) or STZ group, (streptozotocin (STZ) - 100 mg/kg-sc, n = 6). Blood glucose levels were measured on postnatal days (PND) 35, 84 and 120. In Experiment 1 body weight, length and the appearance of developmental milestones such as eye and vaginal opening were monitored. To assess the relative contribution of the initial and long term effects of STZ treatment this group was subdivided based on blood glucose levels recorded on PND 120: STZ hyperglycemic (between 120 and 300 mg/dl) and STZ normoglycemic (under 120 mg/dl). Behavioral activity was assessed in an open field on PND 21 and 75. In Experiment 2 estrous cyclicity, sexual behavior and circulating gonadotropin, ovarian steroid, and insulin levels were compared between control and STZ-hyperglycemic rats. In all measures the litter was the experimental unit. Parametric data were analyzed using one-way or, where appropriate, two-way ANOVA and significant effects were investigated using Tukey's post hoc test. Fisher's exact test was employed when data did not satisfy the assumption of normality e.g. presence of urine and fecal boli on the open field between groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for all data. RESULTS As expected neonatal STZ treatment caused hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in adulthood. STZ-treated pups also showed a temporary reduction in growth rate that probably reflected the early loss of circulating insulin. Hyperglycemic rats also exhibited a reduction in locomotor and exploratory behavior in the open field. Mild hyperglycemia did not impair gonadotropin levels or estrous cylicity but ovarian steroid concentrations were altered. CONCLUSIONS In female Wistar rats, neonatal STZ treatment impairs growth in infancy and results in mild hyperglycemia/hypoinsulinemia in adulthood that is associated with changes in the response to a novel environment and altered ovarian steroid hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Inhasz Kiss
- Department of Physiology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Psychology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal H4B 1R6 QC, Canada
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Mathematics, Computation and Cognition Center, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Environmental and Experimental Pathology and Graduate Program of Dentistry, Paulista University, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Department of Morphology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu 18618-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia da Repdrodução, Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Bueno A, Netto AO, Dallaqua B, Gallego FQ, Iessi IL, Corvino SB, Serrano RG, Marini G, Piculo F, Calderon IMP, Rudge MVC. Mild diabetes models and their maternal-fetal repercussions. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:473575. [PMID: 23878822 PMCID: PMC3710615 DOI: 10.1155/2013/473575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of diabetes in pregnancy leads to hormonal and metabolic changes making inappropriate intrauterine environment, favoring the onset of maternal and fetal complications. Human studies that explore mechanisms responsible for changes caused by diabetes are limited not only for ethical reasons but also by the many uncontrollable variables. Thus, there is a need to develop appropriate experimental models. The diabetes induced in laboratory animals can be performed by different methods depending on dose, route of administration, and the strain and age of animal used. Many of these studies are carried out in neonatal period or during pregnancy, but the results presented are controversial. So this paper, addresses the review about the different models of mild diabetes induction using streptozotocin in pregnant rats and their repercussions on the maternal and fetal organisms to propose an adequate model for each approached issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Y. K. Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A. Bueno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A. O. Netto
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - B. Dallaqua
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F. Q. Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - I. L. Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - S. B. Corvino
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - R. G. Serrano
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Marini
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F. Piculo
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - I. M. P. Calderon
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M. V. C. Rudge
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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