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Zhang M, He S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors regulate the progression and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1169566. [PMID: 37025484 PMCID: PMC10070695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1169566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are essential nuclear hormone receptors regulating metabolic processes, and they participate in the initiation and progression processes of tumors. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevalent malignancy worldwide that originates from the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by severe symptoms and poor prognosis. Numerous published studies have investigated the critical role of PPARs in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Here, we summarize and review the current literature to understand the role of PPARs in the pathogenesis of GI cancers and to provide a systematic reference for the subsequent investigation and development of efficient therapies targeting PPARs and their pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shujie He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shujie He,
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2
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Wang C, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang H, Shen Y. Bioinformatics analysis reveals the changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway in the development of Marjolin ulcers. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhuo Zhao
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Shen
- Department of Burns, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Wang R, Li J, Zhou X, Mao Y, Wang W, Gao S, Wang W, Gao Y, Chen K, Yu S, Wu X, Wen L, Ge H, Fu W, Tang F. Single-cell genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tumors. Genome Med 2022; 14:93. [PMID: 35974387 PMCID: PMC9380328 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with metastases being the main cause of cancer-related death. Here, we investigated the genomic and transcriptomic alterations in matching adjacent normal tissues, primary tumors, and metastatic tumors of CRC patients. Methods We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS), multi-region whole exome sequencing (WES), simultaneous single-cell RNA-Seq, and single-cell targeted cDNA Sanger sequencing on matching adjacent normal tissues, primary tumors, and metastatic tumors from 12 metastatic colorectal cancer patients (n=84 for genomes, n=81 for exomes, n=9120 for single cells). Patient-derived tumor organoids were used to estimate the anti-tumor effects of a PPAR inhibitor, and self-renewal and differentiation ability of stem cell-like tumor cells. Results We found that the PPAR signaling pathway was prevalently and aberrantly activated in CRC tumors. Blocking of PPAR pathway both suppressed the growth and promoted the apoptosis of CRC organoids in vitro, indicating that aberrant activation of the PPAR signaling pathway plays a critical role in CRC tumorigenesis. Using matched samples from the same patient, distinct origins of the metastasized tumors between lymph node and liver were revealed, which was further verified by both copy number variation and mitochondrial mutation profiles at single-cell resolution. By combining single-cell RNA-Seq and single-cell point mutation identification by targeted cDNA Sanger sequencing, we revealed important phenotypic differences between cancer cells with and without critical point mutations (KRAS and TP53) in the same patient in vivo at single-cell resolution. Conclusions Our data provides deep insights into how driver mutations interfere with the transcriptomic state of cancer cells in vivo at a single-cell resolution. Our findings offer novel knowledge on metastatic mechanisms as well as potential markers and therapeutic targets for CRC diagnosis and therapy. The high-precision single-cell RNA-seq dataset of matched adjacent normal tissues, primary tumors, and metastases from CRCs may serve as a rich resource for further studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01093-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics & Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunuo Mao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics & Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuntai Yu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ge
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.,Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China. .,Peking University Third Hospital Cancer Center, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Department of General Surgery, School of Life Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics & Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wager K, Chari D, Ho S, Rees T, Penner O, Schijvenaars BJA. Identifying and Validating Networks of Oncology Biomarkers Mined From the Scientific Literature. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221086441. [PMID: 35342286 PMCID: PMC8943609 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221086441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers, as measurements of defined biological characteristics, can play a pivotal role in estimations of disease risk, early detection, differential diagnosis, assessment of disease progression and outcomes prediction. Studies of cancer biomarkers are published daily; some are well characterized, while others are of growing interest. Managing this flow of information is challenging for scientists and clinicians. We sought to develop a novel text-mining method employing biomarker co-occurrence processing applied to a deeply indexed full-text database to generate time-interval–delimited biomarker co-occurrence networks. Biomarkers across 6 cancer sites and a cancer-agnostic network were successfully characterized in terms of their emergence in the published literature and the context in which they are described. Our approach, which enables us to find publications based on biomarker relationships, identified biomarker relationships not known to existing interaction networks. This search method finds relevant literature that could be missed with keyword searches, even if full text is available. It enables users to extract relevant biological information and may provide new biological insights that could not be achieved by individual review of papers.
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5
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Cui L, Li Z, Xu F, Tian Y, Chen T, Li J, Guo Y, Lyu Q. Antitumor Effects of Astaxanthin on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by up-Regulation of PPARγ. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1399-1410. [PMID: 34334076 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is difficult to find and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to explore the chemoprevention effect of Astaxanthin (AST) and reveal the possible mechanism of AST on the development of esophageal cancer based on PPARγ. We found that a stable and strong binding between PPARγ molecules and AST molecules using Autodock 4.0 software. AST significantly inhibited the viability of EC109 cells in a dose and time dependent manners (all P < 0.05), and up-regulated the protein expression level of PPARγ from the concentration of 6.25 µM (P < 0.05). Animal experiment showed that AST significantly decreased the incidences of NMBzA-induced esophageal carcinogenesis at 50 mg/kg AST in F344 rats (P < 0.05). AST inhibited the oxidative stress by improving the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and increasing the protein of PPARγ, Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase-3 in esophagus tissue, especially in the 50 mg/kg of AST intervention group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggested that protective effect of AST on esophageal cancer by inhibiting oxidative stress, up-regulating PPARγ, and activating the apoptotic pathway, which could provide a basis for clinical application of AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhonglei Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Preventive Health Care Department, Zhaoxiang Town Community Health Service Center, Qingpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Tian
- Anyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, An Yang, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- College of Public Health and, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Poursheikhani A, Abbaszadegan MR, Nokhandani N, Kerachian MA. Integration analysis of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) role in tumorigenesis of colon adenocarcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:108. [PMID: 32727450 PMCID: PMC7392656 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers globally. Molecular aberrations of tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes are the main contributors to tumorigenesis. However, the exact underlying mechanisms of COAD pathogenesis are clearly not known yet. In this regard, there is an urgent need to indicate promising potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COAD patients. Methods In the current study, level 3 RNA-Seq and miR-Seq data and corresponding clinical data of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) were retrieved from the TCGA database. The “limma” package in R software was utilized to indicate the differentially expressed genes. For in silico functional analysis, GO and KEGG signaling pathways were conducted. PPI network was constructed based on the STRING online database by Cytoscape 3.7.2. A ceRNA network was also constructed by “GDCRNATools” package in R software. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (log-rank test) and ROC curve analysis were used to indicate the diagnostic and prognostic values of the biomarkers. Results The differential expression data demonstrated that 2995 mRNAs, 205 lncRNAs, and 345 miRNAs were differentially expressed in COAD. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily enriched in canonical processes in cancer. The PPI network showed that the CDKN2A, CCND1, MYC, E2F, CDK4, BRCA2, CDC25B, and CDKN1A proteins were the critical hubs. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that 215 mRNAs, 14 lncRNAs, and 39 miRNAs were associated with overall survival time in the patients. Also, the ceRNA network data demonstrated that three lncRNAs including MIR17HG, H19, SNHG1, KCNQ1OT1, MALAT1, GAS5, SNHG20, OR2A1-AS1, and MAGI2-AS3 genes were involved in the development of COAD. Conclusions Our data suggested several promising lncRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Poursheikhani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Nokhandani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Golestan Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Peng T, Wang G, Cheng S, Xiong Y, Cao R, Qian K, Ju L, Wang X, Xiao Y. The role and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3965-3975. [PMID: 32328200 PMCID: PMC7171493 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, participates in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Extensive studies have revealed the relationship between PPARγ and various tumors. However, the expression and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer seem to be controversial. It has been demonstrated that PPARγ affects the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism, probably through PPARγ-SIRT1 feedback loops, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Considering the frequent relapses after chemotherapy, some researchers have focused on the relationship between PPARγ and chemotherapy sensitivity in bladder cancer. Moreover, the feasibility of PPARγ ligands as potential therapeutic targets for bladder cancer has been uncovered. Taken together, this review summarizes the relevant literature and our findings to explore the complicated role and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
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8
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Rumiato E, Boldrin E, Malacrida S, Battaglia G, Sileni VC, Ruol A, Amadori A, Saggioro D. Identification of host variants associated with overall survival of esophageal cancer patients receiving platinum-based therapy. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:393-402. [PMID: 32285752 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Clinical features of esophageal cancer (EC) patients have poor prognostic power. Thus, it is paramount to discover biomarkers that can allow a more accurate survival prediction. Methods: To detect genetic variants associated with survival, DNA from 120 patients treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant therapy were genotyped using drug metabolism enzymes and transporters array. Results: We identified two variants: the rs2038067 in PPARD (p = 0.0004) and the rs683369 (F160L) in SLC22A1 (p = 0.001). Their prognostic power was greater than that of clinical stage alone (p = 0.017) and comparable to that of response to neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.71). Interestingly, the prognostic accuracy of response models increased significantly when genetic variables were included (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Our data, though preliminary, strengthen the potential utility of germline variants for a better-tailored management of EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Rumiato
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Boldrin
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro Malacrida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Battaglia
- Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Ruol
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Saggioro
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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9
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Kim JT, Li C, Weiss HL, Zhou Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Evers BM. Regulation of Ketogenic Enzyme HMGCS2 by Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ Pathway in Intestinal Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091106. [PMID: 31546785 PMCID: PMC6770209 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in development and renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a rate-limiting ketogenic enzyme in the synthesis of ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), contributes to the regulation of intestinal cell differentiation. Here, we have shown that HMGCS2 is a novel target of Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling in intestinal epithelial cancer cell lines and normal intestinal organoids. Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in increased protein and mRNA expression of HMGCS2 and βHB production in human colon cancer cell lines LS174T and Caco2. In addition, Wnt inhibition increased expression of PPARγ and its target genes, FABP2 and PLIN2, in these cells. Conversely, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased protein and mRNA levels of HMGCS2, βHB production, and expression of PPARγ and its target genes in LS174T and Caco2 cells and mouse intestinal organoids. Moreover, inhibition of PPARγ reduced HMGCS2 expression and βHB production, while activation of PPARγ increased HMGCS2 expression and βHB synthesis. Furthermore, PPARγ bound the promoter of HMGCS2 and this binding was enhanced by β-catenin knockdown. Finally, we showed that HMGCS2 inhibited, while Wnt/β-catenin stimulated, glycolysis, which contributed to regulation of intestinal cell differentiation. Our results identified HMGCS2 as a downstream target of Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin/PPARγ signaling regulates intestinal cell differentiation, at least in part, through regulation of ketogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - Chunming Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
| | - Qingding Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA.
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10
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Ren L, Konger RL. Evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ suppresses squamous carcinogenesis through anti-inflammatory signaling and regulation of the immune response. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1589-1601. [PMID: 31111568 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists may represent a potential pharmacologic target in the prevention or treatment of skin cancer. In particular, recent reports suggest that PPARγ activation may exert at least some of its anti-neoplastic effects through the suppression of tumor promoting chronic inflammation as well as by strengthening antitumor immune responses. This activity is thought to occur through a distinct mode of ligand interaction with PPARγ that causes transrepression of transcription factors that are involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling. However, current thiazolidinedione (TZD)-type PPARγ agonists have significant safety concerns that limit their usefulness as a preventive or therapeutic option. Due to the relatively large ligand binding pocket of PPARγ, a diverse group of ligands can be seen to interact with distinct modes of binding to PPARγ, leading to the phenomenon of partial agonist activity and selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM). This has led to the development of ligands that are tailored to deliver desired pharmacologic activity, but lack some of the negative side effects associated with full agonists, such as the currently utilized TZD-type PPARγ agonists. In addition, there is evidence that a number of phytochemicals that are currently being touted as antineoplastic nutraceuticals also possess PPARγ activity that may partially explain their pharmacologic activity. We propose that one or more of these partial agonists, SPPARγMs, or putative phytochemical PPARγ ligands could presumably be used as a starting point to design more efficacious anti-neoplastic PPARγ ligands that lack adverse pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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11
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Lv S, Wang W, Wang H, Zhu Y, Lei C. PPARγ activation serves as therapeutic strategy against bladder cancer via inhibiting PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:204. [PMID: 30845932 PMCID: PMC6407222 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity in bladder cancer results in variable clinical outcomes, posing challenges for clinical management of this malignancy. Recent studies suggest both tumor suppressive and oncogenic role of PPARγ in bladder cancer. The fuction of PPARγ signaling pathway in modulating carcinogenesis is controversial. Methods The expression of PPARγ and association with overall survival were analyzed in patients from two cohorts. The effect of PPARγ activation on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were determined with the agonists (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), the inverse agonist (T0070907), and the antagonist (GW9662) in Umuc-3 and 5637 bladder cancer cells. The correlation of PPARγ activation with PI3K-Akt pathway was evaluated with RNA sequencing data from the TCGA cases and 30 human bladder cancer cell lines. The effect of PPARγ activation on tumor growth was validated with subcutaneous tumor models in vivo. The effect of PPARγ activation on PI3K-Akt signaling transduction was determined with multiple assays including immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, proteomic array, and western blotting. Results We showed that PPARγ was a favorable prognostic factor in patients with bladder cancer. PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone markedly induced cell cycle G2 arrest and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, which resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro and suppression of tumor growth in vivo. The underlying mechanism involved marked inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway. Conclusions This study reported the tumor-suppressive effect of PPARγ agonists in bladder cancer, suggesting that transactivation of PPARγ could be served as a potential strategy for the chemoprevention and therapeutic treatment of bladder cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5426-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yongtong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengyong Lei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 North of Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Wu K, Yang Y, Liu D, Qi Y, Zhang C, Zhao J, Zhao S. Activation of PPARγ suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting TLR4-dependent MAPK pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44572-44582. [PMID: 27323819 PMCID: PMC5190119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although substantial studies on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) have focused on the mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, recent reports have suggested that PPARγ shows tumorigenic or antitumorigenic effects. The roles and mechanisms of PPARγ activation in esophageal cancer remain unclarified. EC109 and TE10 esophageal cancer cells were treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) for 24, 48, and 72 h, and the cell viability and apoptosis were detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis, respectively. Moreover, the effects of inhibition of PPARγ by antagonist or specific RNA interference on cell viability, apoptosis, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of TLR4 signaling on the MAPK pathway, cell viability and apoptosis was assessed. The results showed that RGZ suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells, which could be partly restored by inactivation of PPARγ. RGZ suppressed the MAPK and TLR4 pathways, and the inhibitory effect could be counteracted by PPARγ antagonist or specific RNA interference. We also suggested that MAPK activation was regulated by the TLR4 pathway and that blocking the TLR4 and MAPK pathways significantly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that activation of PPARγ suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting TLR4-dependent MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Donglei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Alpha-Tocopherol prevents esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by modulating PPARγ-Akt signaling pathway at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95914-95930. [PMID: 29221176 PMCID: PMC5707070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) emphasizes the urgent need to better understand the carcinogenesis and develop prevention strategies. Previous studies have highlighted the potential of using Vitamin E (tocopherols) for cancer chemoprevention, but the preventive activity of α-Tocopherol against ESCC remains to be elucidated. Our data showed that early-stage supplementation with α-Tocopherol significantly prevented esophageal carcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) in ESCC rat model. In the Het-1A cell model, α-Tocopherol markedly suppressed cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle G2-phase arrest and increased apoptosis. Gene microarray and proteins array analysis indicated that Akt signaling was a potential target for α-Tocopherol. We further demonstrated that α-Tocopherol increased the expression of PPARγ and its downstream tumor suppressor PTEN. Knockdown of PPARγ activated Akt signaling transduction, whereas this process was attenuated by the presence of α-Tocopherol and PPARγ agonist Rosiglitazone. In contrast, the effect of α-Tocopherol on Akt inhibition was not observed in established tumors, neither in cancerous cell lines which constitutively expressed higher levels of PPARγ. These results were closely correlated with the ineffectiveness of α-Tocopherol in the late stage of ESCC carcinogenesis. Taken together, our study suggested that α-Tocopherol may serve as a PPARγ agonist for the chemoprevention of esophageal cancer.
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PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility: from a case-control study to a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102277-102290. [PMID: 29254243 PMCID: PMC5731953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies suggested that PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism was correlated with cancer risk. However, past results remained controversial. In this study, we performed a case-control study on the relationship of PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism with risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and subsequently carried out a meta-analysis to further assess the association between PPARG c.1347C>T and overall cancer. In our case-control study, after adjusting by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking, a tendency to increased NSCLC risk was noted (CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.97–1.51; P = 0.097). In the meta-analysis, we found a significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and overall cancer risk (T vs. C: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23; P = 0.006; TT vs. CC: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07–1.56; P = 0.008, CT/TT vs. CC: OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.21; P = 0.014 and TT vs. CT/CC: OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04–1.52; P = 0.016). In a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, evidence of significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and cancer risk was found among Asians and mixed populations. In a subgroup analysis by cancer type, PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism was associated with risk of esophageal cancer and glioblastoma. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by origin of cancer cell, evidence of significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and cancer risk was also found among epithelial tumor. In conclusion, the findings indicate PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism may increase the susceptibility of cancer.
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The role of pparγ and autophagy in ros production, lipid droplets biogenesis and its involvement with colorectal cancer cells modulation. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:82. [PMID: 28932171 PMCID: PMC5603033 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In cancer cells, autophagy can act as both tumor suppressor, when autophagic event eliminates cellular contends which exceeds the cellular capacity of regenerate promoting cell death, and as a pro-survival agent removing defective organelles and proteins and helping well-established tumors to maintain an accelerated metabolic state while still dealing with harsh conditions, such as inflammation. Many pathways can coordinate the autophagic process and one of them involves the transcription factors called PPARs, which also regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation and survival. The PPARγ activation and autophagy initiation seems to be interrelated in a variety of cell types. Methods Caco-2 cells were submitted to treatment with autophagy and PPARγ modulators and the relationship between both pathways was determined by western blotting and confocal microscopy. The effects of such modulations on Caco-2 cells, such as lipid bodies biogenesis, cell death, proliferation, cell cycle, ROS production and cancer stem cells profiling were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results PPARγ and autophagy pathways seem to be overlap in Caco-2 cells, modulating each other in different ways and determining the lipid bodies biogenesis. In general, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA leaded to reduced cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and, ultimately, cell death by apoptosis. In agreement with these results, ROS production was increased in 3-MA treated cells. Autophagy also seems to play an important role in cancer stem cells profiling. Rapamycin and 3-MA induced epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes, respectively. Conclusions This study helps to elucidate in which way the induction or inhibition of these pathways regulate each other and affect cellular properties, such as ROS production, lipid bodies biogenesis and cell survive. We also consolidate autophagy as a key factor for colorectal cancer cells survival in vitro, pointing out a potential side effect of autophagic inhibition as a therapeutic application for this disease and demonstrate a novel regulation of PPARγ expression by inhibition of PI3K III. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0451-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Milone MR, Pucci B, Colangelo T, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Colantuoni V, Sabatino L, Budillon A. Proteomic characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) overexpressing or silenced colorectal cancer cells unveils a novel protein network associated with an aggressive phenotype. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1344-62. [PMID: 27499265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily implicated in a wide range of processes, including tumorigenesis. Its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still debated; most reports support that PPARγ reduced expression is associated with poor prognosis. We employed 2-Dimensional Differential InGel Electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) followed by Liquid Chromatography (LC)-tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins and the molecular pathways underlying PPARγ expression in CRC progression. We identified several differentially expressed proteins in HT29 and HCT116 CRC cells and derived clones either silenced or overexpressing PPARγ, respectively. In Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) they showed reciprocal relation with PPARγ and a strong relationship with networks linked to cell death, growth and survival. Interestingly, five of the identified proteins, ezrin (EZR), isoform C of prelamin-A/C (LMNA), alpha-enolase (ENOA), prohibitin (PHB) and RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2) were shared by the two cell models with opposite expression levels, suggesting a possible regulation by PPARγ. mRNA and western blot analysis were undertaken to obtain a technical validation and confirm the expression trend observed by 2-D DIGE data. We associated EZR upregulation with increased cell surface localization in PPARγ-overexpressing cells by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. We also correlated EZR and PPARγ expression in our series of CRC specimens and the expression profiling of all five proteins levels in the publicly available colon cancer genomic data from Oncomine and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) datasets. In summary, we identified a panel of proteins correlated with PPARγ expression that could be associated with CRC unveiling new pathways to be investigated for the selection of novel potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Milone
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy; Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
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Xu X, Feng L, Liu Y, Zhou WX, Ma YC, Fei GJ, An N, Li Y, Wu X, Yao F, Cheng SJ, Lu XH. Differential gene expression profiling of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17883-17893. [PMID: 25548486 PMCID: PMC4273138 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the differentiated whole genome expression profiling of gastric high- and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early-stage adenocarcinoma.
METHODS: Gastric specimens from an upper magnifying chromoendoscopic targeted biopsy were collected from March 2010 to May 2013. Whole genome expression profiling was performed on 19 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), 20 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), 19 early-stage adenocarcinoma (EGC), and 19 chronic gastritis tissue samples using Agilent 4 × 44K Whole Human Genome microarrays. Differentially expressed genes between different types of lesions were identified using an unpaired t-test and corrected with the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate algorithm. A gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using the GeneSpring software GX 12.6. The differentially expressed gene was verified using a real-time TaqMan® PCR assay with independent tissue samples, including 26 LGIN, 15 HGIN, 14 EGC, and 20 chronic gastritis. The expression of G0S2 were further validated by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in 24 LGIN, 40 HGIN, 30 EGC and 61 chronic gastritis specimens.
RESULTS: The gene expression patterns of LGIN and HGIN tissues were distinct. There were 2521 significantly differentially expressed transcripts in HGIN, with 951 upregulated and 1570 downregulated. A GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the most striking overexpressed transcripts in HGIN compared with LGIN were in the category of metabolism, defense response, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) cascade. While the vast majority of transcripts had barely altered expression in HGIN and EGC tissues, only 38 transcripts were upregulated in EGC. A GO enrichment analysis revealed that the alterations of the immune response were most prominent in the progression from HGIN to EGC. It is worth noting that, compared with LGIN, 289 transcripts were expressed at higher levels both in HGIN and EGC. A characteristic gene, G0/G1 switch 2 (G0S2) was one of the 289 transcripts and related to metabolism, the immune response, and the NF-κB cascade, and its expression was validated in independent samples through real-time TaqMan® PCR and immunohistochemical staining. In real-time PCR analysis, the expression of G0S2 was elevated both in HGIN and EGC compared with that in LGIN (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). In IHC analysis, G0S2 immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasmic of neoplastic cells, but was undetectable in chronic gastritis cells. The G0S2 expression in HGIN was higher than that of LGIN (P = 0.012, χ2 = 6.28) and EGC (P = 0.008, χ2 = 6.94).
CONCLUSION: A clear biological distinction between gastric high- and low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was identified, and provides molecular evidence for clinical application.
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Yang Y, Burke RV, Jeon CY, Chang SC, Chang PY, Morgenstern H, Tashkin DP, Mao J, Cozen W, Mack TM, Rao J, Zhang ZF. Polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and survival of lung cancer and upper aero-digestive tract cancers. Lung Cancer 2014; 85:449-56. [PMID: 25043640 PMCID: PMC4143535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcriptional factors involved in several biological processes such as inflammation, cancer growth, progression and apoptosis that are important in lung and upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancer outcomes. Nonetheless, there are no published studies of the relationship between PPARs gene polymorphisms and survival of patients with lung cancer or UADT cancers. METHODS 1212 cancer patients (611 lung, 303 oral, 100 pharyngeal, 90 laryngeal, and 108 esophageal) were followed for a median duration of 11 years. We genotyped three potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using Taqman - rs3734254 of the gene PPARD and rs10865710 and rs1801282 of the gene PPARG - and investigated their associations with lung and UADT cancer survival using Cox regression. A semi-Bayesian shrinkage approach was used to reduce the potential for false positive findings when examining multiple associations. RESULTS The variant homozygote CC (vs. TT) of PPARD rs3734254 was inversely associated with mortality of both lung cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.42, 0.96) and UADT cancers (aHR=0.51, 95% CI=0.27, 0.99). Use of the semi-Bayesian shrinkage approach yielded a posterior aHR for lung cancer of 0.66 (95% posterior limits=0.44, 0.98) and a posterior aHR for UADT cancers of 0.58 (95% posterior limits=0.33, 1.03). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that lung-cancer patients with the CC variant of PPARD rs3734254 may have a survival advantage over lung-cancer patients with other gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rita V Burke
- Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christie Y Jeon
- Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shen-Chih Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Po-Yin Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology, Environmental Health Sciences, and Urology, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald P Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianyu Rao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yuan SM, Guo Y, Zhou XJ, Shen WM, Chen HN. Rosiglitazone accentuates the adipogenesis of hemangioma-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by adipogenic media. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:1741-1746. [PMID: 25126173 PMCID: PMC4132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemangioma-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Hem-MSCs) expressed PPAR-γ, the key transcription factor in adipogenesis. We supposed that rosiglitazone, the agonist of PPAR-γ, may promote the adipogenesis of Hem-MSCs. In this study, MSCs were isolated from proliferating hemangioma. Four groups were set up, which were Group A (DMEM-LG/10% FBS), Group B (1 μM rosiglitazone + DMEM-LG/10% FBS), Group C (adipogenic media), and Group D (1 μM rosiglitazone + adipogenic media). Cells were cultured in the medium above. On the day 7 and 14, Oil Red "O" staining and Western blot were performed to detect the cytoplasmic lipid and perilipin A in the cells. The results showed that cytoplasmic lipid appeared in Group C and D, and no cytoplasmic lipid in Group A and B on the day 7 and 14. Analysis of Oil Red "O" staining showed the area of staining in Group D was significantly larger than that in Group C. Analysis of western blot showed no expression of perilipin A in Group A and B, and upregulated expression in Groups C and D, with the greater upregulation in Group D. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that rosiglitazone promoted the adipogenesis of Hem-MSCs initiated by adipogenic media via the activation of PPAR-γ pathway. The results may put forward the possibility of treating hemangioma via PPAR-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Wei-Min Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Children’s HospitalNanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hai-Ni Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Children’s HospitalNanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Chen S, Liu C, Wang X, Li X, Chen Y, Tang N. 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) promotes apoptosis of HBx-positive liver cells. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 214:26-32. [PMID: 24582817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the inflammatory response characteristics of liver cells caused by HBV x protein (HBx) and the unique function of the PGE2 inhibitor on HBx-positive liver cells. Tetrazolium blue colorimetric method, flow cytometry, and Western blot were performed to detect the proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis protein expression of HBx-positive HL7702 liver and control cells. The effect of the PGE2 inhibitor 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on the growth of HL7702-HBx was also observed. HBx induces the PGE2 accumulation in HL7702 liver cells and promotes their growth and inhibits their apoptosis. HL7702-HBx and HL7702 cells showed increased apoptosis rate, increased apoptosis-promoting protein expression, and reduced apoptosis-inhibiting protein expression under the effect of 15d-PGJ2, and the changes in HL7702-HBx cells were more significant than in HL7702 cells. HBx expression causes liver cells to be more sensitive to the apoptosis-promoting function of 15d-PGJ2. Therefore, the use of 15d-PGJ2 may be a new method for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory changes to cancer caused by HBV infection in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiujin Li
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
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Zhou TB, Drummen GPC, Jiang ZP, Long YB, Qin YH. Association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors/retinoic acid receptors with renal diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:349-52. [PMID: 24050824 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.838786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, and is a nuclear transcription receptor involving in the regulation of several biochemical pathways, such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are transcriptional transregulators that control the expression of specific subsets of genes in a ligand-dependent manner, and include three subtypes (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ). These control the expression of specific gene subsets subsequent to ligand binding and to strictly control phosphorylation processes. The current status of knowledge indicates that there might be inter- or overlapping actions between PPARγ and RARs, and there might be an association of PPARγ/RARs with renal diseases. Various agonists of both receptor families seem to prevent or retard the progression of renal disease. Herein, we review if causal relationships can be established between PPARγ/RARs and renal diseases and its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Biao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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