1
|
Deng Y, Tay HM, Zhou Y, Fei X, Tang X, Nishikawa M, Yatomi Y, Hou HW, Xiao TH, Goda K. Studying the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs on atherosclerosis by optofluidic imaging on a chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:410-420. [PMID: 36511820 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular stenosis caused by atherosclerosis instigates activation and aggregation of platelets, eventually resulting in thrombus formation. Although antiplatelet drugs are commonly used to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, they unfortunately cannot prevent recurrent thrombotic events in patients with atherosclerosis. This is partially due to the limited understanding of the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs in the complex hemodynamic environment of vascular stenosis. Conventional methods for evaluating the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs under stenosis either fail to simulate the hemodynamic environment of vascular stenosis characterized by high shear stress and recirculatory flow or lack spatial resolution in their analytical techniques to statistically identify and characterize platelet aggregates. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a method comprising an in vitro 3D stenosis microfluidic chip and an optical time-stretch quantitative phase imaging system for studying the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs under stenosis. Our method simulates the atherogenic flow environment of vascular stenosis while enabling high-resolution and statistical analysis of platelet aggregates. Using our method, we distinguished the efficacy of three antiplatelet drugs, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), cangrelor, and eptifibatide, for inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by stenosis. Specifically, ASA failed to inhibit stenosis-induced platelet aggregation, while eptifibatide and cangrelor showed high and moderate efficacy, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the drugs tested also differed in their efficacy for inhibiting platelet aggregation synergistically induced by stenosis and agonists (e.g., adenosine diphosphate, and collagen). Taken together, our method is an effective tool for investigating the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs under vascular stenosis, which could assist the development of optimal pharmacologic strategies for patients with atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xueer Fei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xuke Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ting-Hui Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, 430072, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- CYBO, Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koca M, Anıl B, Nişancı B, Bayır Y, Ercan Z, Özakar E. Synthesis of New Ester Derivatives of Salicylic Acid and Evaluation of Their COX Inhibitory Potential. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200509. [PMID: 36514919 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid is an NSAID with serious side effects on the GIS. The side effects of salicylic acid on the GIS are slightly reduced by acetylating salicylic acid. 12 new ester analogs of salicylic acid were synthesized with high yields in this study. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HRMS spectra. The inhibitory potential of the compounds was evaluated on COXs by in vitro and in silico studies. The COX2 inhibitory activity of the most potent inhibitor MEST1 (IC50 : 0.048 μM) was found to be much higher than the COX2 inhibitory activity of aspirin (IC50 : 2.60 μM). In docking studies, the strongest inhibitor among the compounds synthesized was predicted to be MEST1, with the lowest binding energy. Docking studies revealed that MEST1 extends from the hydrophobic channel to the top of the cyclooxygenase active site, forming various interactions with residues in the binding pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Koca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Barış Anıl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Bilal Nişancı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayır
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Emrah Özakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010067. [PMID: 36678565 PMCID: PMC9861965 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on mood disorders (MD) and on inflammatory parameters in preclinical and clinical studies have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the available knowledge on this topic according to PRISMA guidelines. Data from preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed, considering the safety and efficacy of ASA in the treatment of MD and the correlation of inflammatory parameters with the effect of ASA treatment. Twenty-one studies were included. Both preclinical and clinical studies found evidence indicating the safety and efficacy of low-dose ASA in the treatment of all types of affective episodes in MD. Observational studies have indicated a reduced risk of all types of affective episodes in chronic low-dose ASA users (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95, p < 0.0001). An association between ASA response and inflammatory parameters was found in preclinical studies, but this was not confirmed in clinical trials. Further long-term clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of ASA in recurrent MD, as well as assessing the linkage of ASA treatment with inflammatory phenotype and cytokines, are required. There is also a need for preclinical studies to understand the exact mechanism of action of ASA in MD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Optimize PLA/EVA Polymers Blend Compositional Coating for Next Generation Biodegradable Drug-Eluting Stents. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173547. [PMID: 36080621 PMCID: PMC9460680 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research work, polymer blends of poly-lactic acid (PLA)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were prepared as the drug carrier materials for a bi-layer drug-loaded coating film for coronary stents. Different optimum compositions of blends were prepared by using an intense mixer. Then, the blends were hot-pressed and later cold-pressed to prepare for films of different thickness. The changes in weight, surface analysis and biodegradability with increasing time were studied using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), weight loss and biodegradability tests. The mechanical and thermal properties of drug-loaded films were studied through universal testing machine (UTM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of PLA, EVA and drug contents on in-vitro drug contents were investigated through the Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-VIS) chemical analysis technique. The results obtained clearly showed that the addition of PLA promoted the unleashing of the drug whereas the addition of EVA nearly did not have the same affect. The mechanical properties of these various films can be tuned by adjusting the contents of blend parts. The factors affecting the unleashing of the drug became a serious matter of concern in evaluating the performance of bio-resorbable drug eluting stents. As a result, today’s chemical blends may be useful drug carrier materials for drug-loaded tube coatings capable delivering purgative drug in an incredibly tunable and regulated manner.
Collapse
|
5
|
Development of a Carotid Artery Thrombolysis (iCAT) Stroke Model in Mice. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5449-5462. [PMID: 35767737 PMCID: PMC9631707 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a mouse carotid artery thrombolysis model of stroke. iCAT enables assessment of adjunctive antithrombotic therapies on arterial recanalization, cerebral perfusion, and stroke outcomes.
Recanalization with restored cerebral perfusion is the primary goal of thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. The identification of adjunctive therapies that can be safely used to enhance thrombolysis in stroke remains an elusive goal. We report here the development of a mouse in situ carotid artery thrombolysis (iCAT) stroke model involving graded cerebral ischemia to induce unihemispheric infarction after thrombotic occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA). Electrolytic-induced thrombotic occlusion of the left CCA enabled real-time assessment of recanalization and rethrombosis events after thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA). Concurrent transient stenosis of the right CCA induced unihemispheric hypoperfusion and infarction in the left middle cerebral artery territory. Real-time assessment of thrombolysis revealed recanalization rates <30% in rtPA-treated animals with high rates of rethrombosis. Addition of the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban increased recanalization rates to 50% and reduced rethrombosis. Paradoxically, this was associated with increased cerebral ischemia and stroke-related mortality (25%-42%). Serial analysis of carotid and cerebral blood flow showed that coadministration of argatroban with rtPA resulted in a marked increase in carotid artery embolization, leading to distal obstruction of the middle cerebral artery. Real-time imaging of carotid thrombi revealed that adjunctive anticoagulation destabilized platelet-rich thrombi at the vessel wall, leading to dislodgement of large platelet emboli. These studies confirm the benefits of anticoagulants in enhancing thrombolysis and large artery recanalization; however, at high levels of anticoagulation (∼3-fold prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time), this effect is offset by increased incidence of carotid artery embolization and distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. The iCAT stroke model should provide important new insight into the effects of adjunctive antithrombotic agents on real-time thrombus dynamics during thrombolysis and their correlation with stroke outcomes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Behr CM, Koffijberg H, Degeling K, Vliegenthart R, IJzerman MJ. Can we increase efficiency of CT lung cancer screening by combining with CVD and COPD screening? Results of an early economic evaluation. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:3067-3075. [PMID: 34973103 PMCID: PMC9038824 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Estimating the maximum acceptable cost (MAC) per screened individual for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer (LC) screening, and determining the effect of additionally screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), or both on the MAC. Methods A model-based early health technology assessment (HTA) was conducted to estimate whether a new intervention could be cost-effective by calculating the MAC at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of €20k/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and €80k/QALY, for a population of current and former smokers, aged 50–75 years in The Netherlands. The MAC was estimated based on incremental QALYs gained from a stage shift assuming screened individuals are detected in earlier disease stages. Data were obtained from literature and publicly available statistics and validated with experts. Results The MAC per individual for implementing LC screening at a WTP of €20k/QALY was €113. If COPD, CVD, or both were included in screening, the MAC increased to €230, €895, or €971 respectively. Scenario analyses assessed whether screening-specific disease high-risk populations would improve cost-effectiveness, showing that high-risk CVD populations were more likely to improve economic viability compared to COPD. Conclusions The economic viability of combined screening is substantially larger than for LC screening alone, primarily due to benefits from CVD screening, and is dependent on the target screening population, which is key to optimise the screening program. The total cost of breast and cervical cancer screening is lower (€420) than the MAC of Big-3, indicating that Big-3 screening may be acceptable from a health economic perspective. Key Points • Once-off combined low-dose CT screening for lung cancer, COPD, and CVD in individuals aged 50–75 years is potentially cost-effective if screening would cost less than €971 per screened individual. • Multi-disease screening requires detailed insight into the co-occurrence of these diseases to identify the optimal target screening population. • With the same target screening population and WTP, lung cancer-only screening should cost less than €113 per screened individual to be cost-effective. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00330-021-08422-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Behr
- Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Management Science, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Koffijberg
- Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Management Science, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Degeling
- Cancer Health Services Research, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.,Cancer Health Services Research, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rozemarijn Vliegenthart
- Dept of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J IJzerman
- Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Behavioural and Management Science, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Health Services Research, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. .,Cancer Health Services Research, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zareef R, Diab M, Al Saleh T, Makarem A, Younis NK, Bitar F, Arabi M. Aspirin in COVID-19: Pros and Cons. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849628. [PMID: 35370686 PMCID: PMC8965577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence, the COVID-19 pandemic has been ravaging the medical and economic sectors even with the significant vaccination advances. In severe presentations, the disease of SARS-CoV-2 can manifest with life-threatening thromboembolic and multi-organ repercussions provoking notable morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of such burdensome forms has been under extensive investigation and is attributed to a state of immune dysfunction and hyperinflammation. In light of these extraordinary circumstances, research efforts have focused on investigating and repurposing previously available agents that target the inflammatory and hematological cascades. Aspirin, due to its well-known properties and multiple molecular targets, and ought to its extensive clinical use, has been perceived as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Aspirin acts at multiple cellular targets to achieve its anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects. Although initial promising clinical data describing aspirin role in COVID-19 has appeared, evidence supporting its use remains fragile and premature. This review explores the notion of repurposing aspirin in COVID-19 infection. It delves into aspirin as a molecule, along with its pharmacology and clinical applications. It also reviews the current high-quality clinical evidence highlighting the role of aspirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Zareef
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Diab
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tala Al Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adham Makarem
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour K Younis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fadi Bitar
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Pediatric Department, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Arabi
- Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Pediatric Department, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chai E, Chen J, Li C, Zhang X, Fan Z, Yang S, Zhao K, Li W, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Tang F. The Efficacy and Safety of Cilostazol vs. Aspirin for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:814654. [PMID: 35242099 PMCID: PMC8885726 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.814654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cilostazol is often used in Asia-Pacific countries for stroke prevention. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and adverse outcomes of cilostazol monotherapy compared to aspirin monotherapy for secondary stroke prevention. Methods The researchers conducted a comprehensive research in multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library) of randomized controlled trials from conception to December 2020. The primary efficacy outcome was the occurrence of any stroke, the primary safety outcome was the bleeding risk, and the primary adverse outcome was the rate of headache and dizziness. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate a random-effects prediction. Cilostazol and aspirin were compared using a pooled risk assessment with 95% CIs. Results Six studies involving 5,617 patients were included in this review. Compared with aspirin monotherapy, cilostazol was associated with significantly lower rates of any strokes (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55–0.82) and significantly lower bleeding rates [risk ratio (RR): 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.74]. However, compared with aspirin monotherapy, cilostazol was associated with significantly higher rates of headache (RR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.41–2.20) and dizziness (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08–1.52). Conclusions Consistent with previous studies, cilostazol monotherapy is superior to aspirin monotherapy in reducing the rate of any strokes and the bleeding risk after having a stroke. However, the use of cilostazol monotherapy is associated with several adverse life outcomes such as headaches and dizziness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erqing Chai
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit 1, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zaixing Xiao
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Gansu Digestive System Tumor, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elmasry MS, Hassan WS, El-Mammli MY, Badrawy M. Earth friendly spectrophotometric methods based on different manipulation approaches for simultaneous determination of aspirin and omeprazole in binary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage form: Comparative statistical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120436. [PMID: 34619509 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin and omeprazole combining has proven their effectiveness clinically in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patient with gastric diseases and gastric ulcers. Simultaneous determination of omeprazole and aspirin in their combination is a challenge due to the overlapping spectra of these drugs. Six smart and different spectrophotometric methods were developed for the analysis of omeprazole and aspirin in binary mixture and pharmaceutical dosage form. These smart methods characterized by simplicity and accuracy. The first two methods based on minimal mathematical data processing based on the zero order absorption spectra were; dual wavelength and advanced absorbance subtraction methods. The third method is first and second derivative spectrophotometric method that based on derivative spectra. The last three methods based on ratio spectra manipulation are named; ratio difference, mean centering and derivative ratio spectrophotometric methods. The linearity range of omeprazole was 2-20 μg/mL for dual wavelength method and 2-30 μg/mL for the other ones, while aspirin showed a good linearity over a range of 2.5-30 μg/mL for all methods. The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999. The results of the developed methods are statistically compared with each other and with the results of the reported HPLC method showing no significant difference. The greenness of the developed methods was assessed using eco-scale scoring method revealing excellent greenness of the applied methods. This spectrophotometric methods is more sensitive and greener with comparing by the reported one so, these developed methods are considered eco-friendly to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Elmasry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Magda Y El-Mammli
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badrawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr 11829, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Syed Abd Halim SA, Abd Ghafar N, Das S, Zainalabidin S, Jubri Z. Cardioprotective effects of Gynura procumbens extract on oxidative status and myocardial injury in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021; 28:1223-1232. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.28.6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Gynura procumbens (GP) grows abundantly in Southeast Asia. The present work was conducted to investigate the cardioprotective potential of ethanol extract of GP on cardiac markers, antioxidant levels, and histopathology of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 36 adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Treatments were given via oral gavage for 28 days: two groups were given normal saline 0.9%; two groups were given GP250 mg/kg/day; and two groups were given GP500 mg/kg/day. On day 27 and 28, MI was induced with a subcutaneous injection of 85 mg/kg isoproterenol. The rats were sacrificed 48 h after the 1st injection. Cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation, oxidative status, and histopathological analyses were evaluated. Isoproterenol significantly increased the levels of troponin T, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased. In addition, the histopathological findings showed a necrosis of the myocardium as evidenced by neutrophil infiltration, and interstitial oedema with acceleration of apoptosis in MI. Interestingly, treatment with GP restored the levels of troponin T, LDH, MDA, SOD, and catalase significantly. Moreover, GP preserved the myocardial architecture while decreasing both necrosis and apoptosis. GP has the potential to limit myocardial injury after MI, and this is most likely achieved through its modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities.
Collapse
|
11
|
Brox R, Hackstein H. Physiologically relevant aspirin concentrations trigger immunostimulatory cytokine production by human leukocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254606. [PMID: 34428217 PMCID: PMC8384208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid is a globally used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with diverse pharmacological properties, although its mechanism of immune regulation during inflammation (especially at in vivo relevant doses) remains largely speculative. Given the increase in clinical perspective of Acetylsalicylic acid in various diseases and cancer prevention, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory role of physiological Acetylsalicylic acid concentrations (0.005, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml) in a human whole blood of infection-induced inflammation. We describe a simple, highly reliable whole blood assay using an array of toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands 1–9 in order to systematically explore the immunomodulatory activity of Acetylsalicylic acid plasma concentrations in physiologically relevant conditions. Release of inflammatory cytokines and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined directly in plasma supernatant. Experiments demonstrate for the first time that plasma concentrations of Acetylsalicylic acid significantly increased TLR ligand-triggered IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, indomethacin did not exhibit this capacity, whereas cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective NSAID, celecoxib, induced a similar pattern like Acetylsalicylic acid, suggesting a possible relevance of COX-2. Accordingly, we found that exogenous addition of COX downstream product, PGE2, attenuates the TLR ligand-mediated cytokine secretion by augmenting production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low PGE2 levels were at least involved in the enhanced IL-1β production by Acetylsalicylic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regine Brox
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elmasry MS, Serag A, Hassan WS, El-Mammli MY, Badrawy M. Spectrophotometric Determination of Aspirin and Omeprazole in the presence of Salicylic Acid as a Degradation Product: A Comparative Evaluation of Different Univariate/Multivariate Post Processing Algorithms. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:309-316. [PMID: 34387326 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent combination of aspirin (ASP) and omeprazole (OMP) has been presented in a fixed dosage form for treatment of many CVD, particularly in patients with gastric diseases. However, ASP is very sensitive to degradation into salicylic acid (SAL) as its main degradation product. Hence, it is very important to develop methods for the determination of ASP and OMP in the presence of SAL. OBJECTIVE In this study, UV spectrophotometry assisted by different univariate/multivariate post processing algorithms have been presented for quantitative determination of ASP, OMP and SAL without any prior separation. METHODS The univariate/multivariate algorithms include double divisor ratio difference and double divisor mean centering as the univariate approaches while the multivariate methods include principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) models. Validation of the univariate methods was done according to the ICH guidelines while the multivariate models were validated using external validation set. RESULTS The univariate algorithms displayed excellent regression and validation capabilities in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. Regarding PCR and PLS, the number of latent variables were carefully optimized, and the model's validation criteria displayed excellent recoveries and lower errors of prediction. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the developed methods were comparable to the only reported chromatographic methods but with much shorter analysis time and simplicity. HIGHLIGHTS Overall, this report presents the first spectrophotometric methods applied for determination of possible combination of ASP, OMP, and SAL, and poses theses methods as valuable analytical tools in in-process testing and quality control analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Elmasry
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Magda Y El-Mammli
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badrawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu C, Ma J, Ji Z, Shen J, Wang Q. Recent Advances of Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles in Treating Cardiovascular Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:3428. [PMID: 34198794 PMCID: PMC8201295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, causing approximately 17.9 million deaths annually, an estimated 31% of all deaths, according to the WHO. CVDs are essentially rooted in atherosclerosis and are clinically classified into coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disorders. Current clinical interventions include early diagnosis, the insertion of stents, and long-term preventive therapy. However, clinical diagnostic and therapeutic tools are subject to a number of limitations including, but not limited to, potential toxicity induced by contrast agents and unexpected bleeding caused by anti-platelet drugs. Nanomedicine has achieved great advancements in biomedical area. Among them, cell membrane coated nanoparticles, denoted as CMCNPs, have acquired enormous expectations due to their biomimetic properties. Such membrane coating technology not only helps avoid immune clearance, but also endows nanoparticles with diverse cellular and functional mimicry. In this review, we will describe the superiorities of CMCNPs in treating cardiovascular diseases and their potentials in optimizing current clinical managements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.M.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junkai Ma
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.M.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiheng Ji
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.M.); (Z.J.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thrivikraman Nair S, Kamalasanan K, Moidu A, Shyamsundar P, Nair LJ, P V. Ethyl cellulose coated sustained release aspirin spherules for treating COVID-19: DOE led rapid optimization using arbitrary interface; applicable for emergency situations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1769-1784. [PMID: 34051259 PMCID: PMC8152213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work attempts to resolve one of the key issues related to the design and development of sustained-release spherule of aspirin for oral formulations, tailored to treat COVID-19. For that, in the Design of Experiments (DOE) an arbitrary interface, "coating efficiency" (CE) is introduced and scaled the cumulative percentage coating (CPC) to get predictable control over drug release (DR). Subsequently, the granules containing ASP are converted to spherules and then to Ethyl cellulose (EC) Coated spherules (CS) by a novel bed coating during the rolling (BCDR) process. Among spherules, one with 0.35 mm than 0.71 mm shows required properties. The CS has a low 1200 angle by Optical Microscopy (OM), smooth surface without cracks by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and better flow properties (Angle of repose 29.69 ± 0.780, Carr's index 6.73 ± 2.24%, Hausner's Ratio 1.07 ± 0.03) than granules and spherules. Once certain structure-dependent control over release is attained (EC coated spherules shows 10% reduction in burst release (BR) than uncoated spherules showing a release of 80-91%) the predictability is achieved and Design of space (DOS) by DOE (CE-70.14%and CPC-200% and DR-61.54%) is established. The results of DOE to experimentally validated results were within 20% deviation. The aspirin is changing its crystal structure by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from Form-I to Form-II showing polymorphism inside the drug reservoir with respect to the process. This CE and CPC approach in DOE can be used for delivery system design of other labile drugs similar to aspirin in emergency situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Thrivikraman Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Kaladhar Kamalasanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India.
| | - Ashna Moidu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Pooja Shyamsundar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi J Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Venkatesan P
- Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hashem RM, Rashed LA, Abdelkader RM, Hashem KS. Stem cell therapy targets the neointimal smooth muscle cells in experimentally induced atherosclerosis: involvement of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10807. [PMID: 34037094 PMCID: PMC8148879 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are currently considered a central pivotal player in pathogenesis and development of atherosclerotic lesions. As consequence of vascular injury, SMCs migrate from the tunica media into the tunica intima layers where they contribute to neointimal formation by converting into foam cells and producing pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. We targeted the replacement of neointimal SMCs by using the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in experimentally induced atherosclerosis in an attempt to improve the atherosclerotic lesion and its concomitant complications. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n=20). Control group: rats kept on a standard chow diet; atherosclerotic group: rats received the atherogenic diet; stem cells-treated group: rats were injected with CD34+ stem cells (6×106 cells in 0.5 mL PBS in rat tail vein) and maintained on the atherogenic diet; and resveratrol-treated group: rats were supplemented orally with resveratrol at a dose level 3 mg/kg per day and the atherogenic diet. After 12 weeks, rats were euthanized, blood samples were collected for separation of serum, and abdominal aortas were excised for further biochemical, molecular, and histopathological investigations. We used resveratrol, the well-established anti-atherosclerotic drug, as a benchmark to assess the efficacy of stem cell therapy. MSCs treatment revealed significant amelioration in both histopathological and biochemical patterns as evidenced by decreased foam cells formation, ICAM-1, VCAM, M-CSF, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α. We concluded that MSCs therapy significantly replaced the neointimal SMCs and decreased adhesion molecules as well as the oxidative and inflammatory markers in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Hashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - L A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R M Abdelkader
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - K S Hashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Tian L, Zhu T, Mei J, Chen Z, Yu DG. Electrospun Aspirin/Eudragit/Lipid Hybrid Nanofibers for Colon-targeted Delivery Using an Energy-saving Process. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021; 37:443-449. [PMID: 33814861 PMCID: PMC8010490 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Both electrospinning apparatus and their commercial products are extending their applications in a wide variety of fields. However, very limited reports can be found about how to implement an energy-saving process and in turn to reduce the production cost. In this paper, a brand-new type of coaxial spinneret with a solid core and its electrospinning methods are developed. A novel sort of medicated Eudragit/lipid hybrid nanofibers are generated for providing a colon-targeted sustained release of aspirin. A series of characterizations demonstrates that the as-prepared hybrid nanofibers have a fine linear morphology with the aspirin/lipid separated from the matrix Eudragit to form many tiny islands. In vitro dissolution tests exhibit that the hybrid nanofibers are able to effectively prevent the release of aspirin under an acid condition (8.7%±3.4% for the first two hours), whereas prolong the drug release time period under a neutral condition(99.7±4.2% at the seventh hour). The energy-saving mechanism is discussed in detail. The prepared aspirin-loaded hybrid nanofibers can be further transferred into an oral dosage form for potential application in countering COVID-19 in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Liang Tian
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Tianhao Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Jing Mei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Zezhong Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for High-Performance Medical Device Materials, Shanghai, 200093 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao F, Wang P, Jiao Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Xu H. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Systematical Review on Botanical Resources, Physicochemical Properties, Drug Delivery System, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Effects. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579332. [PMID: 33536906 PMCID: PMC7849182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA), as a principal natural ingredient extracted from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), has significant pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and anticancer effects. However, chemical instability and low bioavailability have been severely hampering the clinical applications of HSYA during the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, this present review systematically summarized the materials about HSYA, including acquisition methods, extraction and detection methods, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and molecular mechanism, especially focus on the possible causes and resolutions about the chemical instability and low bioavailability of HSYA, in order to provide relatively comprehensive basic data for the related research of HSYA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Management Office, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Association of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ochoa-Maganda VY, Rangel-Castañeda IA, Suárez-Rico DO, Cortés-Zárate R, Hernández-Hernández JM, Pérez-Rangel A, Chiquete-Félix N, León-Ávila G, González-Pozos S, Gaona-Bernal J, Castillo-Romero A. Antigiardial Activity of Acetylsalicylic Acid Is Associated with Overexpression of HSP70 and Membrane Transporters. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120440. [PMID: 33287104 PMCID: PMC7761642 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiasis, a worldwide diarrheal disease. The adverse effects of the pharmacological treatments and the appearance of drug resistance have increased the rate of therapeutic failures. In the search for alternative therapeutics, drug repositioning has become a popular strategy. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) exhibits diverse biological activities through multiple mechanisms. However, the full spectrum of its activities is incompletely understood. In this study we show that ASA displayed direct antigiardial activity and affected the adhesion and growth of trophozoites in a time-dose-dependent manner. Electron microscopy images revealed remarkable morphological alterations in the membrane, ventral disk, and caudal region. Using mass spectrometry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription (qRT-PCR), we identified that ASA induced the overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). ASA also showed a significant increase of five ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (giABC, giABCP, giMDRP, giMRPL and giMDRAP1). Additionally, we found low toxicity on Caco-2 cells. Taken together, these results suggest an important role of HSPs and ABC drug transporters in contributing to stress tolerance and protecting cells from ASA-induced stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Yadira Ochoa-Maganda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (V.Y.O.-M.); (D.O.S.-R.)
| | - Itzia Azucena Rangel-Castañeda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (I.A.R.-C.); (J.M.H.-H.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Daniel Osmar Suárez-Rico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (V.Y.O.-M.); (D.O.S.-R.)
| | - Rafael Cortés-Zárate
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (R.C.-Z.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - José Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (I.A.R.-C.); (J.M.H.-H.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Armando Pérez-Rangel
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (I.A.R.-C.); (J.M.H.-H.); (A.P.-R.)
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Félix
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Sirenia González-Pozos
- Unidad de Microscopía Electrónica LaNSE, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Gaona-Bernal
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (R.C.-Z.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Araceli Castillo-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (R.C.-Z.); (J.G.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-331-058-5200
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Inflammation, HIV, and Immune Quiescence: Leveraging on Immunomodulatory Products to Reduce HIV Susceptibility. AIDS Res Treat 2020; 2020:8672850. [PMID: 33178456 PMCID: PMC7609152 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8672850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between inflammation and HIV has been a focus of research over the last decade. In HIV-infected individuals, increased HIV-associated immune activation significantly correlated to disease progression. While genital inflammation (GI) has been shown to significantly increase the risk of HIV acquisition and transmission, immune correlates for reduced risk remain limited. In certain HIV-exposed seronegative individuals, an immune quiescent phenotype characterized reduced risk. Immune quiescence is defined by specific, targeted, highly regulated immune responses that hinder overt inflammation or immune activation. Targeted management of inflammation, therefore, is a plausible strategy to mitigate HIV risk and slow disease progression. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as hydroxychloroquine and aspirin have shown encouraging preliminary results in low-risk women by reducing systemic and genital immune activation. A topical NSAID, containing ibuprofen, is effective in treating vulvovaginal inflammation. Additionally, the glucocorticoids (GCs), prednisolone, and dexamethasone are used to treat HIV-associated immune activation. Collectively, these data inform on immune-modulating drugs to reduce HIV risk. However, the prolonged use of these pharmaceutical drugs is associated with adverse effects, both systemically and to a lesser extent topically. Natural products with their reduced side effects coupled with anti-inflammatory properties render them viable options. Lactic acid (LA) has immunomodulatory properties. LA regulates the genital microbiome by facilitating the growth of Lactobacillus species, while simultaneously limiting bacterial species that cause microbial dysbiosis and GI. Glycerol monolaurate, besides being anti-inflammatory, also inhibited SIV infections in rhesus macaques. The proposed pharmaceutical and natural products could be used in combination with either antiretrovirals for treatment or preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. This review provides a summary on the associations between inflammation, HIV risk, and disease progression. Furthermore, we use the knowledge from immune quiescence to exploit the use of pharmaceutical and natural products as strategic interventions to manage inflammation, toward mitigating HIV infections.
Collapse
|
20
|
Buckton LK, Rahimi MN, McAlpine SR. Cyclic Peptides as Drugs for Intracellular Targets: The Next Frontier in Peptide Therapeutic Development. Chemistry 2020; 27:1487-1513. [PMID: 32875673 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing macrocyclic peptides that can reach intracellular targets is a significant challenge. This review discusses the most recent strategies used to develop cell permeable cyclic peptides that maintain binding to their biological target inside the cell. Macrocyclic peptides are unique from small molecules because traditional calculated physical properties are unsuccessful for predicting cell membrane permeability. Peptide synthesis and experimental membrane permeability is the only strategy that effectively differentiates between cell permeable and cell impermeable molecules. Discussed are chemical strategies, including backbone N-methylation and stereochemical changes, which have produced molecular scaffolds with improved cell permeability. However, these improvements often come at the expense of biological activity as chemical modifications alter the peptide conformation, frequently impacting the compound's ability to bind to the target. Highlighted is the most promising approach, which involves side-chain alterations that improve cell permeability without impact binding events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Buckton
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Gate 2 High Street, SEB 701, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marwa N Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Gate 2 High Street, SEB 701, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- Department of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Gate 2 High Street, SEB 701, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Mounting evidence has identified that impaired amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance might contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The lysosome-autophagy network plays an important role in protein homeostasis and cell health by removing abnormal protein aggregates via intracellular degradation. Therefore, stimulation of cellular degradative machinery for efficient removal of Aβ has emerged as a growing field in AD research. However, mechanisms controlling such pathways and drugs to promote such mechanisms are poorly understood. Aspirin is a widely used drug throughout the world and recent studies have identified a new function of this drug. At low doses, aspirin stimulates lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy to clear amyloid plaques in an animal model of AD. This review delineates such functions of aspirin and analyzes underlying mechanisms that involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-mediated transcription of transcription factor EB (TFEB), the master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujyoti Chandra
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhruv R Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sardi C, Martini E, Mello T, Camelliti S, Sfondrini L, Marcucci F, Kallikourdis M, Sommariva M, Rumio C. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on inflamed adipose tissue. Insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Life Sci 2020; 264:118618. [PMID: 33141040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity represents a global health problem. Excessive caloric intake promotes the release of inflammatory mediators by hypertrophic adipocytes and obesity-induced inflammation is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, type-II diabetes, liver steatosis and cancer. Since obesity causes inflammation, we tested the ability of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a potent anti-inflammatory drug, in counteracting this inflammatory process and in mitigating obesity-associated health complications. MAIN METHODS Mice were fed with standard (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months and then treated with acetylsalicylic acid for the subsequent two months. We then analyzed the metabolic and inflammatory status of their adipose and liver tissue by histological, molecular and biochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS Although ASA did not exert any effect on body weight, quantification of adipocyte size revealed that the drug slightly reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, however not sufficient so as to induce weight loss. Most importantly, ASA was able to improve insulin resistance. Gene expression profiles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as the expression of macrophage and lymphocyte markers revealed that HFD led to a marked macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue and an increase of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, a situation almost completely reverted after ASA administration. In addition, liver steatosis caused by HFD was completely abrogated by ASA treatment. SIGNIFICANCE ASA can efficiently ameliorate pathological conditions usually associated with obesity by inhibiting the inflammatory process occurring in the adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy; Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Martini
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche 'Mario Serio', Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Camelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Rumio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Nithiyanandam
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Core-Shell Eudragit S100 Nanofibers Prepared via Triaxial Electrospinning to Provide a Colon-Targeted Extended Drug Release. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092034. [PMID: 32906728 PMCID: PMC7565919 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new modified triaxial electrospinning is implemented to generate an Eudragit S100 (ES100)-based core-shell structural nanofiber (CSF), which is loaded with aspirin. The CSFs have a straight line morphology with a smooth surface, an estimated average diameter of 740 ± 110 nm, and a clear core-shell structure with a shell thickness of 65 nm, as disclosed by the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results. Compared to the monolithic composite nanofibers (MCFs) produced using traditional blended single-fluid electrospinning, aspirin presented in both of them amorously owing to their good compatibility. The CSFs showed considerable advantages over the MCFs in providing the desired drug-controlled-release profiles, although both of them released the drug in an erosion mechanism. The former furnished a longer time period of time-delayed-release and a smaller portion released during the first two-hour acid condition for protecting the stomach membranes, and also showed a longer time period of aspirin-extended-release for avoiding possible drug overdose. The present protocols provide a polymer-based process-nanostructure-performance relationship to optimize the reasonable delivery of aspirin.
Collapse
|
25
|
Aspirin enhances regulatory functional activities of monocytes and downregulates CD16 and CD40 expression in myocardial infarction autoinflammatory disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
26
|
Kefir peptides alleviate high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by attenuating macrophage accumulation and oxidative stress in ApoE knockout mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8802. [PMID: 32472055 PMCID: PMC7260220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the high morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic disease have been prevalent worldwide. High-fat food consumption has been suggested to be an overarching factor for atherosclerosis incidence. This study aims to investigate the effects of kefir peptides on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. 7-week old male ApoE−/− and normal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8). Atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE−/− mice was established after fed the HFD for 12 weeks compared to standard chow diet (SCD)-fed C57BL/6 and ApoE−/− control groups. Kefir peptides oral administration significantly improved atherosclerotic lesion development by protecting against endothelial dysfunction, decreasing oxidative stress, reducing aortic lipid deposition, attenuating macrophage accumulation, and suppressing the inflammatory immune response compared with the HFD/ApoE−/− mock group. Moreover, the high dose of kefir peptides substantially inhibited aortic fibrosis and restored the fibrosis in the aorta root close to that observed in the C57BL/6 normal control group. Our findings show, for the first time, anti-atherosclerotic progression via kefir peptides consumption in HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice. The profitable effects of kefir peptides provide new perspectives for its use as an anti-atherosclerotic agent in the preventive medicine.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ziegler M, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a promising therapeutic target. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1178-1188. [PMID: 30906948 PMCID: PMC6529900 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the single leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A key component of AMI therapy is the timely reopening of occluded vessels to prevent further ischaemic damage to the myocardium. However, reperfusion of the ischaemic myocardium can itself trigger reperfusion injury causing up to 50% of the overall infarct size. In recent years, considerable research has been devoted to understanding the pathogenesis of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and platelets have emerged as a major contributing factor. This review summarizes the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of I/R injury and highlights the potential of platelet-directed therapeutics to minimize cardiac I/R injury. Activated platelets infiltrate specifically into the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium and contribute to I/R injury by the formation of microthrombi, enhanced platelet–leucocyte aggregation, and the release of potent vasoconstrictor and pro-inflammatory molecules. This review demonstrates the benefits of platelet inhibition beyond their well-described anti-thrombotic effect and highlights the direct cardioprotective role of anti-platelet drugs. In particular, the inhibition of COX, the P2Y12 receptor and the GPIIb/IIIa receptor has demonstrated the potential to attenuate I/R injury. Moreover, targeting of drug candidates or regenerative cells to the activated platelets accumulated within the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium shows remarkable potential to protect the myocardium from I/R injury. Overall, activated platelets play a key role in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. Their direct inhibition as well as their use as epitopes for site-directed therapy is a unique and promising therapeutic approach for the prevention of I/R injury and ultimately the preservation of cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Commercial Road 75, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Commercial Road 75, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Commercial Road 75, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim N, Ullah I, Chung K, Lee D, Cha MJ, Ban H, Choi CS, Kim S, Hwang KC, Kumar P, Lee SK. Targeted Delivery of Recombinant Heat Shock Protein 27 to Cardiomyocytes Promotes Recovery from Myocardial Infarction. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2034-2043. [PMID: 32364395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, especially myocardial infarction (MI), is the leading cause of death worldwide. Apoptotic mechanisms are thought to play a significant role in cardiomyocyte death after MI. Increased production of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cardiomyocytes is a normal response to promote tolerance and to reduce cell damage. Hsp27 is considered to be a therapeutic option for the treatment of ischemic heart disease due to its protective effects on hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Despite its antiapoptotic effects, the lack of strategies to deliver Hsp27 to the heart tissue in vivo limits its clinical applicability. In this study, we utilized an antibody against the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, which is expressed immediately after ischemia/reperfusion in the heart of MI rats. To achieve cardiomyocyte-targeted Hsp27 delivery after ischemia/reperfusion, we employed the immunoglobulin-binding dimer ZZ, a modified domain of protein A, in conjunction with the AT1 receptor antibody. Using the AT1 receptor antibody, we achieved systemic delivery of ZZ-TAT-GFP fusion protein into the heart of MI rats. This approach enabled selective delivery of Hsp27 to cardiomyocytes, rescued cells from apoptosis, reduced the area of fibrosis, and improved cardiac function in the rat MI model, thus suggesting its applicability as a cardiomyocyte-targeted protein delivery system to inhibit apoptosis induced by ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahyeon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,Samsung Bioepis, Incheon 21987, Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Kunho Chung
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,Green Cross Cell Co., Yongin 16924, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Cha
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Hongseok Ban
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hwaseong 445-710, Korea
| | - Chang Seon Choi
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Sunghwa Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.,LG Household & Health Care, Seoul 150-721, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aspirin and Risk of Dementia in Patients with Late-Onset Depression: A Population-Based Cohort Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1704879. [PMID: 32090069 PMCID: PMC7008294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1704879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Late onset depression (LOD) often occurs in the context of vascular disease and may be associated with risk of dementia. Aspirin is widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, its role in patients with LOD and risk of dementia remains inconclusive. Materials and Methods. A population-based study was conducted using data from National Health Insurance of Taiwan during 1996–2009. Patients fulfil diagnostic criteria for LOD with or without subsequent dementia (incident dementia) and among whom users of aspirin (75 mg daily for at least 6 months) were identified. The time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was applied for multivariate analyses. Propensity scores with the one-to-one nearest-neighbor matching model were used to select matching patients. Cumulative incidence of incident dementia after diagnosis of LOD was calculated by Kaplan–Meier Method. Results A total of 6028 (13.4%) and 40,411 (86.6%) patients were defined as, with and without diagnosis of LOD, among whom 2,424 (41.9%) were aspirin users. Patients with LOD had more comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension comparing to those without LOD. Among patients with LOD, aspirin users had lower incidence of subsequent incident dementia than non-users (Hazard Ratio = 0.734, 95% CI 0.641–0.841, p < 0.001). After matching aspirin users with non-users by propensity scores-matching method, the cumulative incidence of incident dementia was significantly lower in aspirin users of LOD patients (p < 0.001). After matching aspirin users with non-users by propensity scores-matching method, the cumulative incidence of incident dementia was significantly lower in aspirin users of LOD patients ( Conclusions Aspirin may be associated with a lower risk of incident dementia in patients with LOD. This beneficial effect of aspirin in LOD patients needs validation in prospective clinical trials and our results should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
|
30
|
Patel D, Roy A, Pahan K. PPARα serves as a new receptor of aspirin for neuroprotection. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:626-631. [PMID: 31797405 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl salicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, has been being widely used as an anti-inflammatory drug for almost 100 years. However, there was no receptor known for this popular drug. Recently, we have established that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) acts as a novel receptor of aspirin. Activation of PPARα by aspirin stimulated a series of downstream signaling pathways that could potentially ameliorate different Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies. In this mini-review, we have discussed how aspirin-PPARα interaction plays a pivotal role in the amelioration of AD pathology via the stimulation of neurotrophic factors, upregulation of plasticity-associated genes, and removal of plaque burden in hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Fang XM, Chen GX. Clinical use of low-dose aspirin for elders and sensitive subjects. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3168-3174. [PMID: 31667166 PMCID: PMC6819284 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i20.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of low-dose aspirin (LDA) has been a common preventive measure to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. This is attributed to aspirin’s ability to inhibit platelet activation. On the other hand, the use of LDA in human subjects has been associated with the development of gastrointestinal injuries like ulcer and bleeding, especially for those sensitive subjects such as elder human subjects. This opinion review will summarize the recent clinical reports regarding the use of LDA and the development of gastrointestinal conditions in China. Based on these reports, it seems that the use of LDA is commonly associated with gastrointestinal injuries, and stopping its use leads to recovery in elderly subjects. Therefore, we would like to suggest that gastroduodenal health and conditions should be seriously taken into consideration when LDA is recommended to the elderly, or other alternative means to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as nutritional interventions should be suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Puren Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo-Xun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huo Y, Buckton LK, Bennett JL, Smith EC, Byrne FL, Hoehn KL, Rahimi MN, McAlpine SR. Delivering bioactive cyclic peptides that target Hsp90 as prodrugs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:728-739. [PMID: 30822267 PMCID: PMC6407599 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1580276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most challenging issue facing peptide drug development is producing a molecule with optimal physical properties while maintaining target binding affinity. Masking peptides with protecting groups that can be removed inside the cell, produces a cell-permeable peptide, which theoretically can maintain its biological activity. Described are series of prodrugs masked using: (a) O-alkyl, (b) N-alkyl, and (c) acetyl groups, and their binding affinity for Hsp90. Alkyl moieties increased compound permeability, Papp, from 3.3 to 5.6, however alkyls could not be removed by liver microsomes or in-vivo and their presence decreased target binding affinity (IC50 of ≥10 µM). Thus, unlike small molecules, peptide masking groups cannot be predictably removed; their removal is related to the 3-D conformation. O-acetyl groups were cleaved but are labile, increasing challenges during synthesis. Utilising acetyl groups coupled with mono-methylated amines may decrease the polarity of a peptide, while maintaining binding affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Huo
- a School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Laura K Buckton
- a School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Jack L Bennett
- a School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Eloise C Smith
- a School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- b School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- b School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Marwa N Rahimi
- a School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Shelli R McAlpine
- a School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yakubu A, Azlan A, Loh SP, Md Noor S. Can Yellow Stripe Scad Compete with Salmon on Its Role in Platelet Phospholipid Membrane and Its Cardiovascular Benefits? J Obes 2019; 2019:4929131. [PMID: 31354987 PMCID: PMC6636454 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4929131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article stresses the effective role of dietary fish fillet docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on overweight as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) via platelet phospholipid modification. Several reports have demonstrated that saturated fat in overweight evokes systemic inflammation and more importantly predisposes it to cardiovascular disorder. Prospective studies have shown that saturated fat is directly proportional to the level of arachidonic acids (AA), precursor of thromboxane in the platelet phospholipid membrane as omega-6 fatty acid in overweight and obese people. Some literature has demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acid from fish fillet ameliorates inflammation, reduces proinflammatory cytokine, inhibits signaling pathway, and regulates the physical composition of inflammatory leukocytes and free radicals (ROS). Yellow stripe scad (YSS) is a local Malaysian fish that has been shown to contain a comparable level of EPA/DHA content as observed in salmon. This review article will focus on the dietary role of fish fillet that will balance the omega-6 fatty acid/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in platelet phospholipid from YSS to manage and prevent healthy overweight/obesity-related risk factor of CVD and to avoid the risk orthodox drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Yakubu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, P.M.P 2346, Sokoto, Northern Western, Nigeria
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabariah Md Noor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Are Prior Aspirin Users With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction at Increased Risk of Adverse Events and Worse Angiographic Features? Crit Pathw Cardiol 2018; 17:208-211. [PMID: 30418251 DOI: 10.1097/hpc.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite its clinical benefits, aspirin has been considered one of the predictors of worse outcomes in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, such association has not been demonstrated in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Five hundred eighty-six STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention were evaluated including 116 prior aspirin users. Angiographic characteristics and 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were then compared between the 2 groups. Adjusted analysis showed that the prior aspirin users had a significantly higher rate of totally occluded infarct-related artery before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (odds ratio: 1.859; P = 0.019). Postprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 was less often demonstrated in the prior aspirin users (odds ratio: 1.512; P = 0.059). Aspirin consumption was associated with increased long-term mortality and MACE. Prior aspirin users had higher rate of MACE and worse pre- and postprocedural angiographic features. We suppose that patients who develop STEMI despite long-term aspirin intake probably reflect more vulnerable pre-existing coronary plaques with more thrombogenicity, which could negatively affect long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Low-Dose Aspirin Upregulates Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Increases Dopamine Production in Dopaminergic Neurons: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:173-187. [PMID: 30187283 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the function of residual dopaminergic neurons in the nigra of PD patients is an important area of research as it may eventually compensate the loss. Although tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the dopamine (DA) biosynthesis pathway, there are no effective drugs/molecules to upregulate TH and increase the production of DA in nigral dopaminergic neurons. This study underlines the importance of aspirin in stimulating the expression of TH and increasing the level of DA in dopaminergic neurons. At low doses, aspirin increased the expression of TH and the production of DA in mouse MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells. Accordingly, oral administration of aspirin increased the expression of TH in the nigra and upregulated the level of DA in striatum of normal C57/BL6 mice and aged A53T α-syn transgenic mice. Oral aspirin also improved locomotor activities of normal mice and A53T transgenic mice. While investigating mechanisms, we found the presence of cAMP response element (CRE) in the promoter of TH gene and the rapid induction of cAMP response element binding (CREB) activation by aspirin in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Aspirin treatment also increased the level of phospho-CREB in the nigra of C57/BL6 mice. The abrogation of aspirin-induced expression of TH by siRNA knockdown of CREB and the recruitment of CREB to the TH gene promoter by aspirin suggest that aspirin stimulates the transcription of TH in dopaminergic neurons via CREB. These results highlight a new property of aspirin in stimulating the TH-DA pathway, which may be beneficial in PD patients. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
|
36
|
Patel D, Roy A, Kundu M, Jana M, Luan CH, Gonzalez FJ, Pahan K. Aspirin binds to PPARα to stimulate hippocampal plasticity and protect memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7408-E7417. [PMID: 30012602 PMCID: PMC6077698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its long history, until now, no receptor has been identified for aspirin, one of the most widely used medicines worldwide. Here we report that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor involved in fatty acid metabolism, serves as a receptor of aspirin. Detailed proteomic analyses including cheminformatics, thermal shift assays, and TR-FRET revealed that aspirin, but not other structural homologs, acts as a PPARα ligand through direct binding at the Tyr314 residue of the PPARα ligand-binding domain. On binding to PPARα, aspirin stimulated hippocampal plasticity via transcriptional activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Finally, hippocampus-dependent behavioral analyses, calcium influx assays in hippocampal slices and quantification of dendritic spines demonstrated that low-dose aspirin treatment improved hippocampal plasticity and memory in FAD5X mice, but not in FAD5X/Ppara-null mice. These findings highlight a property of aspirin: stimulating hippocampal plasticity via direct interaction with PPARα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Chi-Hao Luan
- High-Throughput Analysis Laboratory and Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612;
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aspirin Induces Lysosomal Biogenesis and Attenuates Amyloid Plaque Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease via PPARα. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6682-6699. [PMID: 29967008 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0054-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes play a central role in cellular homeostasis by regulating the cellular degradative machinery. Because aberrant lysosomal function has been associated with multiple lysosomal storage and neurodegenerative disorders, enhancement of lysosomal clearance has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is known as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and, here, we reveal that aspirin, one of the most widely used medications in the world, upregulates TFEB and increases lysosomal biogenesis in brain cells. Interestingly, aspirin induced the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and stimulated the transcription of Tfeb via PPARα. Finally, oral administration of low-dose aspirin decreased amyloid plaque pathology in both male and female 5X familial Alzheimer's disease (5XFAD) mice in a PPARα-dependent fashion. This study reveals a new function of aspirin in stimulating lysosomal biogenesis via PPARα and suggests that low-dose aspirin may be used in lowering storage materials in Alzheimer's disease and lysosomal storage disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developing drugs for the reduction of amyloid β containing senile plaques, one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is an important area of research. Aspirin, one of the most widely used medications in the world, activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) to upregulate transcription factor EB and increase lysosomal biogenesis in brain cells. Accordingly, low-dose aspirin decreases cerebral plaque load in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via PPARα. These results reveal a new mode of action of aspirin that may be beneficial for AD and lysosomal storage disorders.
Collapse
|
38
|
Cestari DM, Gaier ED, Bouzika P, Blachley TS, De Lott LB, Rizzo JF, Wiggs JL, Kang JH, Pasquale LR, Stein JD. Demographic, Systemic, and Ocular Factors Associated with Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:2446-2455. [PMID: 27659545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a devastating ocular condition causing permanent vision loss. Little is known about risk factors for developing this disease. We assessed demographic, systemic, and ocular factors associated with NAION. DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Beneficiaries between 40 and 75 years old without NAION at baseline enrolled in a large U.S. managed care network. METHODS Enrollees were monitored continuously for ≥2 years between 2001 and 2014 to identify those newly diagnosed with NAION (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 377.41). All persons were under ophthalmic surveillance and all cases had ≥1 confirmatory ICD-9-CM code for NAION during follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multivariable Cox regression modeling was used to generate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to describe the statistical relationship between selected demographic characteristics, systemic and ocular conditions, and the hazard of developing NAION. RESULTS Of 1 381 477 eligible enrollees, 977 (0.1%) developed NAION during a mean ± standard deviation (SD) follow-up of 7.8±3.1 years. The mean ± SD age for NAION cases at the index date was 64.0±9.2 years vs. 58.4±9.4 years for the remainder of the beneficiaries. After adjustment for confounding factors, each additional year older was associated with a 2% increased hazard of NAION (HR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03). Female subjects had a 36% decreased hazard of developing NAION (HR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55-0.74) compared with male subjects. Compared with whites, Latinos had a 46% decreased hazard of developing NAION (HR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.82), whereas African ancestry was not significantly associated with NAION (HR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.72-1.15). Systemic diseases associated with NAION included hypertension (HR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26-2.07) and hypercoagulable states (HR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.51-4.00). Although diabetes mellitus (DM) was not significantly associated with NAION compared with those without DM (P = 0.45), patients with end-organ involvement from DM had a 27% increased hazard of NAION relative to those with uncomplicated DM (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01-1.59). Ocular diseases associated with NAION were age-related macular degeneration (HR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08-1.54) and retinal vein occlusion (HR = 3.94; 95% CI: 3.11-4.99). CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several modifiable risk factors that may be associated with NAION. Should future studies confirm these findings, they may offer opportunities to prevent or treat this debilitating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Cestari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Eric D Gaier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peggy Bouzika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor S Blachley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lindsey B De Lott
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joseph F Rizzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jae H Kang
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua D Stein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
O'Kennedy N, Raederstorff D, Duttaroy AK. Fruitflow ®: the first European Food Safety Authority-approved natural cardio-protective functional ingredient. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:461-482. [PMID: 27388464 PMCID: PMC5334395 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactive platelets, in addition to their roles in thrombosis, are also important mediators of atherogenesis. Antiplatelet drugs are not suitable for use where risk of a cardiovascular event is relatively low. It is therefore important to find alternative safe antiplatelet inhibitors for the vulnerable population who has hyperactive platelets in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Potent antiplatelet factors were identified in water-soluble tomato extract (Fruitflow®), which significantly inhibited platelet aggregation. Human volunteer studies demonstrated the potency and bioavailability of active compounds in Fruitflow®. Fruitflow® became the first product in Europe to obtain an approved, proprietary health claim under Article 13(5) of the European Health Claims Regulation 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Fruitflow® is now commercially available in different countries worldwide. In addition to its reduction in platelet reactivity, Fruitflow® contains anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme and anti-inflammatory factors, making it an effective and natural cardio-protective functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O'Kennedy
- Provexis PLC, Reading, UK.,Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Altman R, Bosch B, Brune K, Patrignani P, Young C. Advances in NSAID development: evolution of diclofenac products using pharmaceutical technology. Drugs 2015; 75:859-77. [PMID: 25963327 PMCID: PMC4445819 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the phenylacetic acid class with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Contrary to the action of many traditional NSAIDs, diclofenac inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme with greater potency than it does COX-1. Similar to other NSAIDs, diclofenac is associated with serious dose-dependent gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal adverse effects. Since its introduction in 1973, a number of different diclofenac-containing drug products have been developed with the goal of improving efficacy, tolerability, and patient convenience. Delayed- and extended-release forms of diclofenac sodium were initially developed with the goal of improving the safety profile of diclofenac and providing convenient, once-daily dosing for the treatment of patients with chronic pain. New drug products consisting of diclofenac potassium salt were associated with faster absorption and rapid onset of pain relief. These include diclofenac potassium immediate-release tablets, diclofenac potassium liquid-filled soft gel capsules, and diclofenac potassium powder for oral solution. The advent of topical formulations of diclofenac enabled local treatment of pain and inflammation while minimizing systemic absorption of diclofenac. SoluMatrix diclofenac, consisting of submicron particles of diclofenac free acid and a proprietary combination of excipients, was developed to provide analgesic efficacy at reduced doses associated with lower systemic absorption. This review illustrates how pharmaceutical technology has been used to modify the pharmacokinetic properties of diclofenac, leading to the creation of novel drug products with improved clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Altman
- />University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Bill Bosch
- />iCeutica Operations LLC, King of Prussia, PA USA
| | - Kay Brune
- />Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Paola Patrignani
- />Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), “Gabriele d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clarence Young
- />Iroko Pharmaceuticals LLC, One Kew Place, 150 Rouse Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Peura DA, Wilcox CM. Aspirin and Proton Pump Inhibitor Combination Therapy for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Barrett's Esophagus. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:87-96. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.01.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
42
|
Cohen A, Imfeld S, Markham J, Granziera S. The use of aspirin for primary and secondary prevention in venous thromboembolism and other cardiovascular disorders. Thromb Res 2015; 135:217-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
43
|
ESQUIVIAS PAULA, CEBRIÁN CARMELO, MORANDEIRA ANTONIO, SANTANDER SONIA, ORTEGO JAVIER, GARCÍA-GONZÁLEZ MARÍAASUNCIÓN, LANAS ANGEL, PIAZUELO ELENA. Effect of aspirin treatment on the prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma in a rat experimental model. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2785-91. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
44
|
Yokoyama H, Mastumura T, Soeda S, Suzuki Y, Watanabe M, Kashiwakura E, Saso T, Ikeda N, Tokuoka K, Kitagawa Y, Yamada Y. The evaluation method for antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 39:327-33. [PMID: 24363153 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-013-0170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduced platelet aggregation by acetylsalicylic acid administration has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with thrombotic diseases, thus it is important to determine aspirin resistance in those cases. The antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid is rarely measured, but it has many problems. The aim of this study was to find the evaluation method for antiplatelet effect after administration of acetylsalicylic acid. We developed a particle counting method based upon laser light scattering, and utilized the platelet aggregation agonists, collagen, at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μM, to determine their effective concentrations. Seventeen healthy volunteers were administered acetylsalicylic acid at 162 mg/day, with platelet aggregation determined before and 20 min after administration. In all subjects, the rate of platelet aggregation induced by 1.0 μg/mL of collagen before taking acetylsalicylic acid was the highest value obtained, while 20 min after acetylsalicylic acid administration, aggregation induced by collagen at 1.0 μg/mL was significantly decreased as compared to before administration. As for the other concentrations of collagen and all those of ADP tested, platelet aggregation was either not significantly induced before taking acetylsalicylic acid or the rate of aggregation was not significantly decreased after taking acetylsalicylic acid. Our results indicate that collagen at 1.0 μg/mL is appropriate as a platelet aggregation agonist for evaluating the antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Thus, it is useful that the measurement is performed only once.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Yokoyama
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Berk M, Dean O, Drexhage H, McNeil JJ, Moylan S, O'Neil A, Davey CG, Sanna L, Maes M. Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness. BMC Med 2013; 11:74. [PMID: 23506529 PMCID: PMC3751197 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence to support an aetiological role for inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of major neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These may represent new pathways for therapy. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is an irreversible inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, It stimulates endogenous production of anti-inflammatory regulatory 'braking signals', including lipoxins, which dampen the inflammatory response and reduce levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)--6, but not negative immunoregulatory cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. Aspirin can reduce oxidative stress and protect against oxidative damage. Early evidence suggests there are beneficial effects of aspirin in preclinical and clinical studies in mood disorders and schizophrenia, and epidemiological data suggests that high-dose aspirin is associated with a reduced risk of AD. Aspirin, one of the oldest agents in medicine, is a potential new therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, and may provide proof-of-principle support for the role of inflammation and O&NS in the pathophysiology of this diverse group of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdon's Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Toward the inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid on tyrosinase: Integrating kinetics studies and computational simulations. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
47
|
Salt IP, Palmer TM. Exploiting the anti-inflammatory effects of AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1155-67. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.696609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|