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Das A, Pantzke J, Jeong S, Hartner E, Zimmermann EJ, Gawlitta N, Offer S, Shukla D, Huber A, Rastak N, Meščeriakovas A, Ivleva NP, Kuhn E, Binder S, Gröger T, Oeder S, Delaval M, Czech H, Sippula O, Schnelle-Kreis J, Di Bucchianico S, Sklorz M, Zimmermann R. Generation, characterization, and toxicological assessment of reference ultrafine soot particles with different organic content for inhalation toxicological studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175727. [PMID: 39181261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFP) are the smallest atmospheric particulate matter linked to air pollution-related diseases. The extent to which UFP's physical and chemical properties contribute to its toxicity remains unclear. It is hypothesized that UFP act as carriers for chemicals that drive biological responses. This study explores robust methods for generating reference UFP to understand these mechanisms and perform toxicological tests. Two types of combustion-related UFP with similar elemental carbon cores and physical properties but different organic loads were generated and characterized. Human alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to these UFP at the air-liquid interface, and several toxicological endpoints were measured. UFP were generated using a miniCAST under fuel-rich conditions and immediately diluted to minimize agglomeration. A catalytic stripper and charcoal denuder removed volatile gases and semi-volatile particles from the surface. By adjusting the temperature of the catalytic stripper, UFP with high and low organic content was produced. These reference particles exhibited fractal structures with high reproducibility and stability over a year, maintaining similar mass and number concentrations (100 μg/m3, 2.0·105 #/cm3) and a mean particle diameter of about 40 nm. High organic content UFP had significant PAH levels, with benzo[a]pyrene at 0.2 % (m/m). Toxicological evaluations revealed that both UFP types similarly affected cytotoxicity and cell viability, regardless of organic load. Higher xenobiotic metabolism was noted for PAH-rich UFP, while reactive oxidation markers increased when semi-volatiles were stripped off. Both UFP types caused DNA strand breaks, but only the high organic content UFP induced DNA oxidation. This methodology allows modification of UFP's chemical properties while maintaining comparable physical properties, linking these variations to biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusmita Das
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jana Pantzke
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Seongho Jeong
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elena Hartner
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elias J Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadine Gawlitta
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Svenja Offer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Deeksha Shukla
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anja Huber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Narges Rastak
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arūnas Meščeriakovas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Water Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kuhn
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Binder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oeder
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mathilde Delaval
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastiano Di Bucchianico
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 27, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Márquez-Lázaro J, Madera M, Bernabe E. Particulate matter 2.5 exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes: Evidence from Colombia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172369. [PMID: 38604361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter is a type of air pollution that consists of fine particles with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), which can easily penetrate the respiratory system and enter the bloodstream, increasing health risks for pregnant women and their unborn babies. Recent reports have suggested that there is a positive association between PM2.5 exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, most evidence of this relationship comes from Western countries. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes among pregnant women in Colombia. This study included 542,800 singletons born in 2019 to Colombian women, aged 15+ years, residing in 981 municipalities. Data on parental, child and birth characteristics were extracted from anonymized live birth records. Satellite-based estimates of monthly PM2.5 concentrations at the surface level were extracted for each municipality from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group (ACAG). PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy was indicated by the monthly average of PM2.5 concentrations across the pregnancy duration for the municipality where the child was born. The associations of municipality-level PM2.5 concentration during pregnancy with pre-term birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) were tested in separate two-level logistic regression models, with babies nested within municipalities. The prevalence of PTB and LBW were 8.6 % and 8.3 %, respectively. The mean PM2.5 concentration across the 981 municipalities was 18.26 ± 3.30 μg/m3, ranging from 9.11 to 31.44 μg/m3. Greater PM2.5 concentration at municipality level was associated with greater odds of PTB (1.05; 95%CI: 1.04-1.06) and LBW (1.04; 95%CI: 1.03-1.05), after adjustment for confounders. Our findings provide new evidence on the association between PM2.5 on adverse pregnancy outcomes from a middle-income country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Márquez-Lázaro
- Medicine program, TOXSA group, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Meisser Madera
- Department of Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Eduardo Bernabe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Javdani-Mallak A, Salahshoori I. Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171774. [PMID: 38508246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and exosomes, shedding light on a novel paradigm in environmental health and disease. Cellular stress, induced by environmental toxicants or disease, significantly impacts the production and composition of exosomes, crucial mediators of intercellular communication. The heat shock response (HSR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, activated during cellular stress, profoundly influence exosome generation, cargo sorting, and function, shaping intercellular communication and stress responses. Environmental pollutants, particularly lipophilic ones, directly interact with exosome lipid bilayers, potentially affecting membrane stability, release, and cellular uptake. The study reveals that exposure to environmental contaminants induces significant changes in exosomal proteins, miRNAs, and lipids, impacting cellular function and health. Understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on exosomal cargo holds promise for biomarkers of exposure, enabling non-invasive sample collection and real-time insights into ongoing cellular responses. This research explores the potential of exosomal biomarkers for early detection of health effects, assessing treatment efficacy, and population-wide screening. Overcoming challenges requires advanced isolation techniques, standardized protocols, and machine learning for data analysis. Integration with omics technologies enhances comprehensive molecular analysis, offering a holistic understanding of the complex regulatory network influenced by environmental pollutants. The study underscores the capability of exosomes in circulation as promising biomarkers for assessing environmental exposure and systemic health effects, contributing to advancements in environmental health research and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Javdani-Mallak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Shinde A, Shannahan J. Inhalation exposure-induced toxicity and disease mediated via mTOR dysregulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10135. [PMID: 38711460 PMCID: PMC11070522 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution is a global health concern, associated with multiple respiratory and systemic diseases. Epidemiological supports continued urbanization and industrialization increasing the prevalence of inhalation exposures. Exposure to these inhaled pollutants induces toxicity via activation of numerous cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, autophagy, disrupted cellular metabolism, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and others contributing to disease development. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator involved in various cellular processes related to the modulation of metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis. Dysregulation of mTOR occurs following inhalation exposures and has also been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, mTOR plays a fundamental role in protein transcription and translation involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is necessary to understand inhalation exposure-induced dysregulation of mTOR since it is key regulator which may contribute to numerous disease processes. This mini review evaluates the available literature regarding several types of inhalation exposure and their impacts on mTOR signaling. Particularly we focus on the mTOR signaling pathway related outcomes of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Furthermore, we will examine the implications of dysregulated mTOR pathway in exposure-induced diseases. Throughout this mini review, current gaps will be identified related to exposure-induced mTOR dysregulation which may enable the targeting of mTOR signaling for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Ahn Y, Yim YH, Yoo HM. Particulate Matter Induces Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. TOXICS 2024; 12:161. [PMID: 38393256 PMCID: PMC10893167 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Numerous toxicological studies have highlighted the association between urban particulate matter (PM) and increased respiratory infections and lung diseases. The adverse impact on the lungs is directly linked to the complex composition of particulate matter, initiating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and consequent lipid peroxidation. Excessive ROS, particularly within mitochondria, can destroy subcellular organelles through various pathways. In this study, we confirmed the induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, upon exposure to an urban PM using RT-qPCR and signaling pathway analysis. We used KRISS CRM 109-02-004, the certified reference material for the analysis of particulate matter, produced by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). To validate that ferroptosis causes lung endothelial toxicity, we assessed intracellular mitochondrial potential, ROS overproduction, lipid peroxidation, and specific ferroptosis biomarkers. Following exposure to the urban PM, a significant increase in ROS generation and a decrease in mitochondrial potential were observed. Furthermore, it induced hallmarks of ferroptosis, including the accumulation of lipid peroxidation, the loss of antioxidant defenses, and cellular iron accumulation. In addition, the occurrence of oxidative stress as a key feature of ferroptosis was confirmed by increased expression levels of specific oxidative stress markers such as NQO1, CYP1B1, FTH1, SOD2, and NRF. Finally, a significant increase in key ferroptosis markers was observed, including xCT/SLC7A11, NQO1, TRIM16, HMOX-1, FTL, FTH1, CYP1B1, CHAC1, and GPX4. This provides evidence that elevated ROS levels induce oxidative stress, which ultimately triggers ferroptosis. In conclusion, our results show that the urban PM, KRISS CRM, induces cellular and mitochondrial ROS production, leading to oxidative stress and subsequent ferroptosis. These results suggest that it may induce ferroptosis through ROS generation and may offer potential strategies for the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Ahn
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Inorganic Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Abdrabouh AES. Toxicological and histopathological alterations in the heart of young and adult albino rats exposed to mosquito coil smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93070-93087. [PMID: 37501034 PMCID: PMC10447284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito coil repellents are well-known indoor air pollutant with significant health concerns. The present study investigated the toxic effects of mosquito coil smoke on the heart of young and adult male rats. The animals were subjected to the smoke for 6 h/day, 6 days/week, for 4 weeks. Within the first hour after lighting the coil, significant amounts of formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were detected. Both exposed ages, particularly the young group, showed a significant increase in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, and the levels of troponin I, myoglobin, Na+ levels, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) as well as a significant decrease in K+ levels and cardiac Na-K ATPase activity, indicating development of cardiac inflammation and dysfunction. Furthermore, the toxic stress response was validated by significant downregulation at expression of the detoxifying enzyme cytochrome p450. Histopathological studies in both age groups, especially the young group, revealed cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrotic areas. Moreover, upregulation at the pro-apoptotic markers, caspase3, P53, and cytochrome C expressions, was detected by immunohistochemical approach in heart sections of the exposed groups. Finally, the myocardial dysfunctional effects of the coil active ingredient, meperfluthrin, were confirmed by the docking results which indicated a high binding affinity of meperfluthrin, with Na-K ATPase and caspase 3. In conclusion, both the young and adult exposed groups experienced significant cardiac toxicity changes evidenced by cell apoptosis and histopathological alterations as well as disruption of biochemical indicators.
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Young TL, Scieszka D, Begay JG, Lucas SN, Herbert G, Zychowski K, Hunter R, Salazar R, Ottens AK, Erdely A, Gu H, Campen MJ. Aging influence on pulmonary and systemic inflammation and neural metabolomics arising from pulmonary multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure in apolipoprotein E-deficient and C57BL/6 female mice. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:86-100. [PMID: 35037817 PMCID: PMC10037439 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2026538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental exposures exacerbate age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Nanoparticulates, and specifically carbon nanomaterials, are a fast-growing contributor to the category of inhalable pollutants, whose risks to health are only now being unraveled. The current study assessed the exacerbating effect of age on multiwalled-carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure in young and old C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, aged 8 weeks and 15 months, were exposed to 0 or 40 µg MWCNT via oropharyngeal aspiration. Pulmonary inflammation, inflammatory bioactivity of serum, and neurometabolic changes were assessed at 24 h post-exposure. RESULTS Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was induced by MWCNT in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in both C57BL/6 and ApoE-/-. Macrophage counts decreased with MWCNT exposure in ApoE-/- mice but were unaffected by exposure in C57BL/6 mice. Older mice appeared to have greater MWCNT-induced total protein in lavage fluid. BALF cytokines and chemokines were elevated with MWCNT exposure, but CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL10 showed reduced responses to MWCNT in older mice. However, no significant serum inflammatory bioactivity was detected. Cerebellar metabolic changes in response to MWCNT were modest, but age and strain significantly influenced metabolite profiles assessed. ApoE-/- mice and older mice exhibited less robust metabolite changes in response to exposure, suggesting a reduced health reserve. CONCLUSIONS Age influences the pulmonary and neurological responses to short-term MWCNT exposure. However, with only the model of moderate aging (15 months) in this study, the responses appeared modest compared to inhaled toxicant impacts in more advanced aging models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jessica G. Begay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Selita N. Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Guy Herbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | | | - Russell Hunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Raul Salazar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Andrew K. Ottens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, US 85004
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091814. [PMID: 36139888 PMCID: PMC9495992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Road-deposited dust (RD) is a pervasive form of particulate pollution identified (typically via epidemiological or mathematical modelling) as hazardous to human health. Finer RD particle sizes, the most abundant (by number, not mass), may pose greater risk as they can access all major organs. Here, the first in vitro exposure of human lung epithelial (Calu-3) cells to 0−300 µg/mL of the ultrafine (<220 nm) fraction of road dust (UF-RDPs) from three contrasting cities (Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, and Mexico City, Mexico) resulted in differential oxidative, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Except for Cd, Na, and Pb, analysed metals were most abundant in Mexico City UF-RDPs, which were most cytotoxic. Birmingham UF-RDPs provoked greatest ROS release (only at 300 µg/mL) and greatest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Lancaster UF-RDPs increased cell viability. All three UF-RDP samples stimulated ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Mass-based PM limits seem inappropriate given the location-specific PM compositions and health impacts evidenced here. A combination of new, biologically relevant metrics and localised regulations appears critical to mitigating the global pandemic of health impacts of particulate air pollution and road-deposited dust.
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Wang J, Zhao S, Jiang H, Geng X, Li J, Mao S, Ma S, Bualert S, Zhong G, Zhang G. Oxidative potential of solvent-extractable organic matter of ambient total suspended particulate in Bangkok, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:400-413. [PMID: 35137735 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key mechanism by which ambient particulate matter induces adverse health effects. Most studies have focused on the oxidative potential (OP) of water-soluble constituents, while there has been limited work on the OP of solvent-extractable organic matter (EOM OP). In this study, the EOM OP of ambient total suspended particulate (TSP) from Bangkok, Thailand, was determined using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Positive matrix factorization (PMF), combined with chemical analysis of molecular markers, was employed to apportion the contributions of various emission sources to EOM OP. The volume-normalized OP initially increased with organic carbon (OC) concentration and plateaued gradually, while the mass-normalized OP fitted well with OC concentration using a power function. Fossil fuel combustion (62%) and plastic waste burning (23%) were the major contributors to EOM OP, while biomass burning demonstrated only a limited contribution. EOM OP correlated well with each group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), suggesting that secondary formation of quinones associated with fossil fuel combustion and plastic waste burning could be an important pathway of TSP toxicity. This study underscores the importance of considering different emission sources when evaluating potential health impacts and the implementation of air pollution regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haoyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Xiaofei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuduan Mao
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shexia Ma
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Surat Bualert
- Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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10
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Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Anzalone G, Profita M. Impact of Air Pollution in Airway Diseases: Role of the Epithelial Cells (Cell Models and Biomarkers). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2799. [PMID: 35269941 PMCID: PMC8911203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research is multidisciplinary and often uses integrated approaches performing different experimental models with complementary functions. This approach is important to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms concerning the effects of environmental pollution on human health. The biological activity of the substances is investigated at least to three levels using molecular, cellular, and human tissue models. Each of these is able to give specific answers to experimental problems. A scientific approach, using biological methods (wet lab), cell cultures (cell lines or primary), isolated organs (three-dimensional cell cultures of primary epithelial cells), and animal organisms, including the human body, aimed to understand the effects of air pollution on the onset of diseases of the respiratory system. Biological methods are divided into three complementary models: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In vitro experiments do not require the use of whole organisms (in vivo study), while ex vivo experiments use isolated organs or parts of organs. The concept of complementarity and the informatic support are useful tools to organize, analyze, and interpret experimental data, with the aim of discussing scientific notions with objectivity and rationality in biology and medicine. In this scenario, the integrated and complementary use of different experimental models is important to obtain useful and global information that allows us to identify the effect of inhaled pollutants on the incidence of respiratory diseases in the exposed population. In this review, we focused our attention on the impact of air pollution in airway diseases with a rapid and descriptive analysis on the role of epithelium and on the experimental cell models useful to study the effect of toxicants on epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (A.M.M.); (R.G.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90100 Palermo, Italy;
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11
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Rathore S, Varshney A, Mohan S, Dahiya P. An innovative approach of bioremediation in enzymatic degradation of xenobiotics. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:1-32. [PMID: 35081881 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2027628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, environmental pollution due to a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a serious concern. Several xenobiotic compounds cause environmental contamination due to their severe toxicity, prolonged exposure, and limited biodegradability. From the past few decades, microbial-assisted degradation (bioremediation) of xenobiotic pollutants has evolved as the most effective, eco-friendly, and valuable approach. Microorganisms have unique metabolism, the capability of genetic modification, diversity of enzymes, and various degradation pathways necessary for the bioremediation process. Microbial xenobiotic degradation is effective but a slow process that limits its application in bioremediation. However, the study of microbial enzymes for bioremediation is gaining global importance. Microbial enzymes have a huge ability to transform contaminants into non-toxic forms and thereby reduce environmental pollution. Recently, various advanced techniques, including metagenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics are effectively utilized for the characterization, metabolic machinery, new proteins, metabolic genes of microorganisms involved in the degradation process. These advanced molecular techniques provide a thorough understanding of the structural and functional aspects of complex microorganisms. This review gives a brief note on xenobiotics and their impact on the environment. Particular attention will be devoted to the class of pollutants and the enzymes such as cytochrome P450, dehydrogenase, laccase, hydrolase, protease, lipase, etc. capable of converting these pollutants into innocuous products. This review attempts to deliver knowledge on the role of various enzymes in the biodegradation of xenobiotic pollutants, along with the use of advanced technologies like recombinant DNA technology and Omics approaches to make the process more robust and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayushi Varshney
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Sumedha Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Praveen Dahiya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
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12
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In vitro impact preliminary assessment of airborne particulate from metalworking and woodworking industries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20181. [PMID: 34642423 PMCID: PMC8511069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is the main route of exposure to airborne pollutants. To evaluate the safety and assess the risks of occupational hazards different testing approaches are used. 3D airway epithelial tissues allow to mimic exposure conditions in vitro, generates human-relevant toxicology data, allows to elucidate the mode of action of pollutants. Gillian3500 pumps were used to collect the airborne particulate from woodworking and metalworking environments. EpiAirway tissues were used to model half working day (4 h), full working day (8 h), and 3 working day exposures to occupational pollutants. Tissue viability was assessed using an MTT assay. For preliminary assessment, RT-qPCR analyses were performed to analyze the expression of gelsolin, caspase-3, and IL-6. Tissue morphology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. An effect on the proliferation of lung epithelial cell line A549 was assessed. Acute exposure to workspace pollutants slightly affected tissue viability and did not change the morphology. No inhibiting effect was observed on the proliferation of A549 cells. Preliminary analysis showed that both types of particles suppressed the expression of gelsolin, with the effect of metalworking samples being more pronounced. A slight reduction in caspase-3 expression was observed. Particles from metalworking suppressed IL-6 expression.
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13
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Mukherjee S, Dasgupta S, Mishra PK, Chaudhury K. Air pollution-induced epigenetic changes: disease development and a possible link with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55981-56002. [PMID: 34498177 PMCID: PMC8425320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious threat to our health and has become one of the major causes of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The association between air pollution and various diseases has long been a topic of research interest. However, it remains unclear how air pollution actually impacts health by modulating several important cellular functions. Recently, some evidence has emerged about air pollution-induced epigenetic changes, which are linked with the etiology of various human diseases. Among several epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation represents the most prominent epigenetic alteration underlying the air pollution-induced pathogenic mechanism. Several other types of epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications, miRNA, and non-coding RNA expression, have also been found to have been linked with air pollution. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), one of the most prevalent forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is triggered by the inhalation of certain organic and inorganic substances. HP is characterized by inflammation in the tissues around the lungs' airways and may lead to irreversible lung scarring over time. This review, in addition to other diseases, attempts to understand whether certain pollutants influence HP development through such epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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14
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Dwivedi S, Kushalan S, Paithankar JG, D'Souza LC, Hegde S, Sharma A. Environmental toxicants, oxidative stress and health adversities: interventions of phytochemicals. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:516-536. [PMID: 33822130 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is the most common factor mediating environmental chemical-induced health adversities. Recently, an exponential rise in the use of phytochemicals as an alternative therapeutics against oxidative stress-mediated diseases has been documented. Due to their free radical quenching property, plant-derived natural products have gained substantial attention as a therapeutic agent in environmental toxicology. The present review aimed to describe the therapeutic role of phytochemicals in mitigating environmental toxicant-mediated sub-cellular and organ toxicities via controlling cellular antioxidant response. METHODS The present review has covered the recently related studies, mainly focussing on the free radical scavenging role of phytochemicals in environmental toxicology. KEY FINDINGS In vitro and in vivo studies have reported that supplementation of antioxidant-rich compounds can ameliorate the toxicant-induced oxidative stress, thereby improving the health conditions. Improving the cellular antioxidant pool has been considered as a mode of action of phytochemicals. However, the other cellular targets of phytochemicals remain uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the therapeutic value of phytochemicals to mitigate the chemical-induced toxicity is an initial stage; mechanistic understanding needs to decipher for development as therapeutics. Moreover, examining the efficacy of phytochemicals against mixer toxicity and identifying the bioactive molecule are major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Sharanya Kushalan
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Leonard Clinton D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Smitha Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
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15
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Jirau-Colón H, Toro-Heredia J, Layuno J, Calderon ED, Gioda A, Jiménez-Vélez BD. Distribution of toxic metals and relative toxicity of airborne PM 2.5 in Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16504-16516. [PMID: 33389579 PMCID: PMC7778501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) and its constituents is an important factor to be considered when evaluating their potential health risk. Transition metals found in PM are known to contribute significantly to the exacerbation of respiratory ailments. Exposure to these constituents results in the induction of oxidative stress in the bronchial epithelium, thus promoting the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Therefore, it is important to know the contributions of PM2.5 constituents to further investigate their relationship with toxic responses and associated health risks. PM2.5 samples from three rural (Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla) and two urban (more populated) sites (Bayamón and Ponce) from Puerto Rico were analyzed for various inorganic constituents. A total of 59 trace elements were analyzed, of which eight were considered with the greatest toxic potential. The highest annual average concentration of PM2.5 was reported at the urban site of Ponce (5.82 ± 1.40 μg m-3), while Bayamón's average concentration was not as high (4.69 ± 1.30 μg m-3) compared to concentrations at the rural sites Humacao, Guayama, and Guayanilla (4.33 ± 1.20 μg m-3, 4.93 ± 1.50 μg m-3, and 4.88 ± 1.20 μg m-3 respectively. The concentration at the Ponce site exhibited the highest summer value (7.57 μg m-3) compared to that of all the rural sites (~ 6.40 μg m-3). The lowest summer PM2.5 values were obtained at the Humacao site with an average of 5.76 μg m-3. Average Cu and Zn concentrations were 3- and 2-fold higher at the urban sites (0.68 ng m-3 and 6.74 ng m-3 respectively) compared to the rural sites (0.17 ng m-3 and 4.11 ng m-3). Relative toxicity of inorganic PM extract indicates Bayamón (urban) and Guayama with similar low LC50 followed by Humacao, Guayanilla, and finally Ponce (urban) with the highest LC50. Of the eight potential toxic metals considered, only Fe was found to be higher at the rural sites. To our understanding, there are different sources of emission for these metals which potentially indicate main anthropogenic sources, together with the trade winds adding periodically volcanic and African Dust Storm particulates that affect Puerto Rico. These results are the first of their kind to be reported in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Jirau-Colón
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Main Bldg. 2nd Floor B210, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jannette Toro-Heredia
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Universidad Ana G. Méndez de Gurabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico
| | - Josué Layuno
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Adriana Gioda
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Braulio D Jiménez-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Main Bldg. 2nd Floor B210, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico.
- Center for Environment and Toxicological Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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16
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Wu Z, Lim HK, Tan SJ, Gautam A, Hou HW, Ng KW, Tan NS, Tay CY. Potent-By-Design: Amino Acids Mimicking Porous Nanotherapeutics with Intrinsic Anticancer Targeting Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003757. [PMID: 32686344 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous sources of amino acids are essential nutrients to fuel cancer growth. Here, the increased demand for amino acid displayed by cancer cells is unconventionally exploited as a design principle to replete cancer cells with apoptosis inducing nanoscopic porous amino acid mimics (Nano-PAAM). A small library consisting of nine essential amino acids nanoconjugates (30 nm) are synthesized, and the in vitro anticancer activity is evaluated. Among the Nano-PAAMs, l-phenylalanine functionalized Nano-PAAM (Nano-pPAAM) has emerged as a novel nanotherapeutics with excellent intrinsic anticancer and cancer-selective properties. The therapeutic efficacy of Nano-pPAAM against a panel of human breast, gastric, and skin cancer cells could be ascribed to the specific targeting of the overexpressed human large neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A5 (LAT-1) in cancer cells, and its intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing properties of the nanoporous core. At the mechanistic level, it is revealed that Nano-pPAAM could activate both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways to exert a potent "double-whammy" anticancer effect. The potential clinical utility of Nano-pPAAM is further investigated using an MDA-MB-231 xenograft in NOD scid gamma mice, where an overall suppression of tumor growth by 60% is achieved without the aid of any drugs or application of external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Kit Lim
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shao Jie Tan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Archana Gautam
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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17
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Gallego-Hernández AL, Meza-Figueroa D, Tanori J, Acosta-Elías M, González-Grijalva B, Maldonado-Escalante JF, Rochín-Wong S, Soto-Puebla D, Navarro-Espinoza S, Ochoa-Contreras R, Pedroza-Montero M. Identification of inhalable rutile and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) nanoparticles in the atmospheric dust. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114006. [PMID: 32000024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the presence of rutile nanoparticles (NPs) in the air is a work in progress, and the development of methodologies for the identification of NPs in atmospheric dust is essential for the assessment of its toxicological effects. To address this issue, we selected the fast growing desertic city of Hermosillo in northern Mexico. Road dust (n = 266) and soils (n = 10) were sampled and bulk Ti-contents were tested by portable X-ray fluorescence. NPs were extracted from atmospheric dust by PM1.0-PTFE filters and further characterized by Confocal Raman Microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results showed (i) the average concentration of Ti in road dust (3447 mg kg-1) was similar to natural values and worldwide urban dusts; (ii) the bulk geochemistry was not satisfactory for Ti-NPs identification; (iii) 76% of the total extracted PM1.0 sample corresponded to NPs; (iv) mono-microaggregates of rutile NPs were identified; (v) ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were linked to NPs. The genotoxicity of rutile and PAHs, in connection with NPs content, make us aware of a crucial emerging environmental issue of significant health concern, justifying further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Gallego-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Judith Tanori
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Mónica Acosta-Elías
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Belem González-Grijalva
- Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | - Sarai Rochín-Wong
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Diego Soto-Puebla
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Sofia Navarro-Espinoza
- Posgrado en Nanotecnología, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Mexico
| | | | - Martín Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico.
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18
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Pardo M, Qiu X, Zimmermann R, Rudich Y. Particulate Matter Toxicity Is Nrf2 and Mitochondria Dependent: The Roles of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1110-1120. [PMID: 32302097 PMCID: PMC7304922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Particulate matter
(PM), an important component of air pollution,
induces significant adverse health effects. Many of the observed health
effects caused by inhaled PM are associated with oxidative stress
and inflammation. This association has been linked in particular to
the particles’ chemical components, especially the inorganic/metal
and the organic/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions, and
their ability to generate reactive oxygen species in biological systems.
The transcription factor NF-E2 nuclear factor erythroid-related factor
2 (Nrf2) is activated by redox imbalance and regulates the expression
of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 plays a key role in preventing
PM-induced toxicity by protecting against oxidative damage and inflammation.
This review focuses on specific PM fractions, particularly the dissolved
metals and PAH fractions, and their roles in inducing oxidative stress
and inflammation in cell and animal models with respect to Nrf2 and
mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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19
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Abstract
The accessibility of cheap fossil fuels, due to large government subsidies, promotes the accelerated gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth in Southeast Asia. However, the ambient air pollution from fossil fuel combustion has a latent cost, which is the public health issues such as respiratory diseases, lung cancer, labor loss, and economic burden in the long-run. In Southeast Asia, lung cancer is the leading and second leading cause of cancer-related death in men, and women, respectively. This nexus study employs the panel vector error correction model (VECM) and panel generalized method of moments (GMM) using data from ten Southeast Asian countries from the period (2000–2016) to explore the possible association between emissions, lung cancer, and the economy. The results confirm that CO2 and PM2.5 are major risk factors for lung cancer in the region. Additionally, the increasing use of renewable energy and higher healthcare expenditure per capita tend to reduce the lung cancer prevalence. Governments specially in low oil price era, have to transfer subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable energy to create a healthy environment. Furthermore, cost creation for fossil fuel consumption through carbon taxation, especially in the power generation sector, is important to induce private sector investment in green energy projects.
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20
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Pardo M, Li C, He Q, Levin-Zaidman S, Tsoory M, Yu Q, Wang X, Rudich Y. Mechanisms of lung toxicity induced by biomass burning aerosols. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:4. [PMID: 31959190 PMCID: PMC6971884 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonaceous aerosols emitted from indoor and outdoor biomass burning are major risk factors contributing to the global burden of disease. Wood tar aerosols, namely, tar ball particles, compose a substantial fraction of carbonaceous emissions, especially from biomass smoldering. However, their health-related impacts and toxicity are still not well known. This study investigated the toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of pyrolyzed wood tar aerosols in exposed mice and lung epithelial cells. RESULTS Mice exposed to water-soluble wood tar aerosols showed increased inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to the same water-soluble wood tar aerosols showed increased cell death with apoptotic characteristics. Alterations in oxidative status, including changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reductions in the expression of antioxidant genes related to the transcription factor Nrf2, were observed and were confirmed by increased levels of MDA, a lipid peroxidation adduct. Damage to mitochondria was observed as an early event responsible for the aforementioned changes. CONCLUSIONS The toxicity and health effect-related mechanisms of water-soluble wood tar were investigated for the first time in the context of biomass burning. Wood tar particles may account for major responses such as cell death, oxidative stress, supression of protection mechnaisms and mitochondrial damaged cause by expsoure to biomass burning aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Quanfu He
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qingqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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Verdin A, Cazier F, Fitoussi R, Blanchet N, Vié K, Courcot D, Momas I, Seta N, Achard S. An in vitro model to evaluate the impact of environmental fine particles (PM0.3-2.5) on skin damage. Toxicol Lett 2019; 305:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guéguen Y, Bontemps A, Ebrahimian TG. Adaptive responses to low doses of radiation or chemicals: their cellular and molecular mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1255-1273. [PMID: 30535789 PMCID: PMC11105647 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation or chemical exposure. A better knowledge of these mechanisms is needed to improve our understanding of health risks at low levels of environmental or occupational exposure and their involvement in cancer or non-cancer diseases. This response is orchestrated through a multifaceted cellular program involving the concerted action of diverse stress response pathways. These evolutionary highly conserved defense mechanisms determine the cellular response to chemical and physical aggression. They include DNA damage repair (p53, ATM, PARP pathways), antioxidant response (Nrf2 pathway), immune/inflammatory response (NF-κB pathway), cell survival/death pathway (apoptosis), endoplasmic response to stress (UPR response), and other cytoprotective processes including autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and the unfolded protein response. The coordinated action of these processes induced by low-dose radiation or chemicals produces biological effects that are currently estimated with the linear non-threshold model. These effects are controversial. They are difficult to detect because of their low magnitude, the scarcity of events in humans, and the difficulty of corroborating associations over the long term. Improving our understanding of these biological consequences should help humans and their environment by enabling better risk estimates, the revision of radiation protection standards, and possible therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRSI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Alice Bontemps
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Cytoprotective Effects of Mangiferin and Z-Ligustilide in PAH-Exposed Human Airway Epithelium in Vitro. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020218. [PMID: 30678167 PMCID: PMC6412222 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to World Health Organisation (WHO) air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular disorders, respiratory diseases, including COPD, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections, neuro-degenerative and other diseases. It is also known that various phytochemicals may mitigate such risks. This study tested if phytochemicals mangiferin (MNG) and Z-ligustilide (Z-LG) may protect PAH-exposed human lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Organic PAH extract was obtained from the urban fine PM with high benzo(a)pyrene content collected in Eastern European mid-sized city during winter heating season. Cell proliferation traits and levels of intracellular oxidative stress were examined. Effect of MNG (0.5 µg/mL) alone or in combination with PAH on bronchial epithelium wound healing was evaluated. Both phytochemicals were also evaluated for their antioxidant properties in acellular system. Treatment with MNG produced strong cytoprotective effect on PAH-exposed cells (p < 0.01) while Z-LG (0.5 µg/mL) exhibited strong negative effect on cell proliferation in untreated and PAH-exposed cells (p < 0.001). MNG, being many times stronger antioxidant than Z-LG in chemical in vitro assays (p < 0.0001), was also able to decrease PAH-induced oxidative stress in the cell cultures (p < 0.05). Consequently MNG ameliorates oxidative stress, speeds up wound healing process and restores proliferation rate in PAH-exposed bronchial epithelium. Such protective effects of MNG in air pollution affected airway epithelium stimulate further research on this promising phytochemical.
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Cesari G, Algaba E, Moretti S, Nepomuceno JA. An application of the Shapley value to the analysis of co-expression networks. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE 2018; 3:35. [PMID: 30839839 PMCID: PMC6214322 DOI: 10.1007/s41109-018-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the problem of identifying relevant genes in a co-expression network using a (cooperative) game theoretic approach. The Shapley value of a cooperative game is used to asses the relevance of each gene in interaction with the others, and to stress the role of nodes in the periphery of a co-expression network for the regulation of complex biological pathways of interest. An application of the method to the analysis of gene expression data from microarrays is presented, as well as a comparison with classical centrality indices. Finally, making further assumptions about the a priori importance of genes, we combine the game theoretic model with other techniques from cluster analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cesari
- Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Encarnación Algaba
- Department of Applied Mathematics and IMUS, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Stefano Moretti
- Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, LAMSADE, Paris, 75016 France
| | - Juan A. Nepomuceno
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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25
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Ecological significance of mitochondrial toxicants. Toxicology 2017; 391:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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West AP. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a trigger of innate immune responses and inflammation. Toxicology 2017; 391:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Awopeju OF, Nemery B, Afolabi OT, Poels K, Vanoirbeek J, Obaseki DO, Adewole OO, Lawin HA, Vollmer W, Erhabor GE. Biomass smoke exposure as an occupational risk: cross-sectional study of respiratory health of women working as street cooks in Nigeria. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:737-744. [PMID: 28780568 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about respiratory health of women who are occupationally exposed to biomass smoke outside their homes. This study reports the exposure and respiratory health of street cooks in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. METHODS We assessed exposure to biomass smoke by questionnaire in 188 street cooks and 197 control women and by personal diffusive samplers to quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a subsample of the women. Respiratory symptoms were assessed by a standardised questionnaire, and pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry before and after bronchodilation. Regression analysis was conducted to compare the outcome between the two groups. RESULTS The study included 188 women (median age 40, IQR 30-50 years) who had worked as street cooks for a median of 7 years (IQR 3-15 years) and 197 control women with similar demographics. Benzene concentration in passive samplers worn by the street cooks was significantly higher compared with controls (median (IQR) 119.3 (82.7-343.7) µg/m3 vs 0.0 (0.0-51.2) µg/m3, p<0.001). The odds of reported respiratory symptoms were significantly higher among the street cooks than controls: cough (adjusted OR 4.4, 95% CI 2.2 to 8.5) and phlegm (adjusted OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.3). The street cooks also had higher odd of airway obstruction as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <0.7: 11% 3% (adjusted OR of 3.3 (95% CI 1.3 to 8.7)). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of adverse respiratory effects among street cooks using biomass fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Katrien Poels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hervé Anicet Lawin
- Department of Public Health, Unit of Teaching and Research in Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - William Vollmer
- Centre for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Qu J, Li Y, Zhong W, Gao P, Hu C. Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:E32-E43. [PMID: 28203435 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma has a global prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Many environmental factors, such as pollutants and allergens, are highly relevant to allergic asthma. The most important pathological symptom of allergic asthma is airway inflammation. Accordingly, the unique role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had been identified as a main reason for this respiratory inflammation. Many studies have shown that inhalation of different allergens can promote ROS generation. Recent studies have demonstrated that several pro-inflammatory mediators are responsible for the development of allergic asthma. Among these mediators, endogenous or exogenous ROS are responsible for the airway inflammation of allergic asthma. Furthermore, several inflammatory cells induce ROS and allergic asthma development. Airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness, tissue injury, and remodeling can be induced by excessive ROS production in animal models. Based on investigations of allergic asthma and ROS formation mechanisms, we have identified several novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic treatments. This review describes the recent data linking ROS to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Pulmonary Function and Incidence of Selected Respiratory Diseases Depending on the Exposure to Ambient PM 10. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111954. [PMID: 27879677 PMCID: PMC5133948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential in pulmonary disease research to take into account traffic-related air pollutant exposure among urban inhabitants. In our study, 4985 people were examined for spirometric parameters in the presented research which was conducted in the years 2008–2012. The research group was divided into urban and rural residents. Traffic density, traffic structure and velocity, as well as concentrations of selected air pollutants (CO, NO2 and PM10) were measured at selected areas. Among people who live in the city, lower percentages of predicted values of spirometric parameters were noticed in comparison to residents of rural areas. Taking into account that the difference in the five-year mean concentration of PM10 in the considered city and rural areas was over 17 μg/m3, each increase of PM10 by 10 μg/m3 is associated with the decline in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume during the first second of expiration) by 1.68%. These findings demonstrate that traffic-related air pollutants may have a significant influence on the decline of pulmonary function and the growing rate of respiratory diseases.
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Lin ZC, Lee CW, Tsai MH, Ko HH, Fang JY, Chiang YC, Liang CJ, Hsu LF, Hu SCS, Yen FL. Eupafolin nanoparticles protect HaCaT keratinocytes from particulate matter-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3907-26. [PMID: 27570454 PMCID: PMC4986973 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM), a major form of air pollution, can induce oxidative stress and inflammation and may lead to many diseases in various organ systems including the skin. Eupafolin, a flavonoid compound derived from Phyla nodiflora, has been previously shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, eupafolin is characterized by poor water solubility and skin penetration, which limits its clinical applications. To address these issues, we successfully synthesized a eupafolin nanoparticle delivery system (ENDS). Our findings showed that ENDS could overcome the physicochemical drawbacks of raw eupafolin with respect to water solubility and skin penetration, through reduction of particle size and formation of an amorphous state with hydrogen bonding. Moreover, ENDS was superior to raw eupafolin in attenuating PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes, by mediating the antioxidant pathway (decreased reactive oxygen species production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity) and anti-inflammation pathway (decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production through downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling). In summary, ENDS shows better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than raw eupafolin through improvement of water solubility and skin penetration. Therefore, ENDS may potentially be used as a medicinal drug and/or cosmeceutical product to prevent PM-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Chan Lin
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, Chang Gung University
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan; Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chiayi
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, Chang Gung University; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital; Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lee CW, Lin ZC, Hsu LF, Fang JY, Chiang YC, Tsai MH, Lee MH, Li SY, Hu SCS, Lee IT, Yen FL. Eupafolin ameliorates COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in particulate pollutants-exposed human keratinocytes through ROS/MAPKs pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:300-309. [PMID: 27180879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eupafolin is a major bioactive compound derived from the methanolic extract of the medicinal herb Phyla nodiflora, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Recently, particulate air pollutants have been shown to induce inflammation of the skin. In this study, we seek to determine whether eupafolin can inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators in a human skin keratinocyte cell line exposed to particulate air pollutants (particulate matter, PM), and determine the molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were treated with PM in the presence or absence of eupafolin. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and gene expression levels were determined by Western blotting, RT-PCR and luciferase activity assay. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was evaluated by the enzyme immunoassay method. Generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by the dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) oxidation assay, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity was determined by a chemiluminescence assay. For in vivo studies, COX-2 expression in the skin of BALB/c nude mice was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Eupafolin inhibited PM-induced COX-2 protein and gene expression and PGE2 production in HaCaT cells. In addition, eupafolin suppressed PM-induced intracellular ROS generation, NADPH oxidase activity, MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) activation and NK-κB activation. In vivo studies showed that topical treatment with eupafolin inhibited COX-2 expression in the epidermal keratinocytes of PM-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Eupafolin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on skin keratinocytes exposed to particulate air pollutants, and may have potential use in the treatment or prevention of air pollutant-induced inflammatory skin diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 613 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy & Health Care, Tajen University, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Reyes-Zárate E, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Chirino YI, Osornio-Vargas ÁR, Morales-Bárcenas R, Souza-Arroyo V, García-Cuellar CM. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) exposure-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis evasion through STAT3 activation via PKCζ and Src kinases in lung cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:646-656. [PMID: 27131825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer, but cellular pathways are not completely understood. STAT3 is a p21(Waf1/Cip1) transcription factor and is associated with proliferation and cell survival and is upregulated in lung cancer. PM10 exposure induces p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression, which could be related to STAT3 activation. The aims of this work were to investigate whether STAT3 was activated on lung epithelial cells after PM10 exposure and to determine whether or not STAT3 could have an impact on cell cycle distribution and cell survival. Our results showed that PM10 induced STAT3 activation through Src and PKCζ kinases, and it is partially responsible for the p21(Waf1/Cip1) induction that was also observed. Moreover, PM10 induced G1-G0 cell cycle arrest. The inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation prevented cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis. These results suggest that PM10 exposure might activate a survival pathway related to STAT3 activation, similar to what has been described as part of the immune system and apoptosis evasion during tumor promotion and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reyes-Zárate
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México DF, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México DF, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México DF, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, 54059, Estado de México, Mexico
| | | | - Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México DF, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza-Arroyo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, 09340, México DF, Mexico.
| | - Claudia María García-Cuellar
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, 14080, México DF, Mexico.
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Ferraz ERA, Rainho CR, Fernandes AS, Felzenszwalb I. Differential toxicity of an organic PM2.5 extract to human lung cells cultured in three dimensions (3D) and monolayers. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:221-231. [PMID: 26932779 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1143902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have associated PM2.5 (particulate matter, aerodynamic diameter 2.5 µm) exposure with an increase in morbidity and mortality attributed to cardiopulmonary diseases. Based upon these observations and the growing effort to replace the use of animals in research, in vitro A549 cells cultured in three dimensions (3D), an alternative method to the use of animals, as well as monolayers were investigated to examine whether organic PM2.5 extract induced equivalent cytotoxic changes in vitro as compared to in vivo. PM2.5 was collected on Brazil Avenue, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from November 2010 to May 2011, except March, and analyzed for the ability to induce cytotoxicity in A549 cells using various established assays. Samples collected in all months significantly decreased viability of A549 cells using both types of cell death assays, and those collected in November showed lower cytotoxicity. It is worthwhile noting that for samples collected in all months except for April, PM2.5 induced greater toxicity in cells grown in monolayers than in 3D. Data demonstrated that cell behavior varied based upon type of culture system employed. Since the 3D cell culture mimics the architecture of in vivo tissue to a greater extent than monolayers, it is suggested that data from 3D studies resemble more closely human exposure conditions and thus may provide more reliable findings to be utilized in risk assessment following PM exposure than results obtained in traditional culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Raquel A Ferraz
- a Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry , University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- b School of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University , Niteroi , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Claudia R Rainho
- a Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry , University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Andreia S Fernandes
- a Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry , University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- a Laboratory of Environmental Mutagenesis, Department of Biophysics and Biometry , University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Pardo M, Porat Z, Rudich A, Schauer JJ, Rudich Y. Repeated exposures to roadside particulate matter extracts suppresses pulmonary defense mechanisms, resulting in lipid and protein oxidative damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:227-37. [PMID: 26735168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) pollution in cities and urban canyons can be harmful to the exposed population. However, the underlying mechanisms that lead to health effects are not yet elucidated. It is postulated that exposure to repeated, small, environmentally relevant concentrations can affect lung homeostasis. This study examines the impact of repeated exposures to urban PM on mouse lungs with focus on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Aqueous extracts from collected urban PM were administered to mice by 5 repeated intra-tracheal instillations (IT). Multiple exposures, led to an increase in cytokine levels in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the blood serum, indicating a systemic reaction. Lung mRNA levels of antioxidant/phase II detoxifying enzymes decreased by exposure to the PM extract, but not when metals were removed by chelation. Finally, disruption of lung tissue oxidant-inflammatory/defense balance was evidenced by increased levels of lipid and protein oxidation. Unlike response to a single IT exposure to the same dose and source of extract, multiple exposures result in lung oxidative damage and a systemic inflammatory reaction. These could be attributed to compromised capacity to activate the protective Nrf2 tissue defense system. It is suggested that water-soluble metals present in urban PM, potentially from break and tire wear, may constitute major drivers of the pulmonary and systemic responses to multiple exposure to urban PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Lovera-Leroux M, Crobeddu B, Kassis N, Petit PX, Janel N, Baeza-Squiban A, Andreau K. The iron component of particulate matter is antiapoptotic: A clue to the development of lung cancer after exposure to atmospheric pollutants? Biochimie 2015; 118:195-206. [PMID: 26419736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The classification of outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic for humans strengthens the increasing concern about particulate matter (PM). We previously demonstrated that PM exposure produces an antiapoptotic effect resulting from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and water-soluble components. In this study, we investigated transition metallic compounds, particularly iron, in order to decipher their underlying molecular mechanisms that prevent apoptosis. Human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed for 4 h to different PM samples with established antiapoptotic effect (e.g. PM-AW) or not (e.g. PM-VS) or to their metallic components (Fe, Mn, Zn and Al) before apoptosis induction by the calcium ionophore A23187 or Staurosporine. PM-AW, Fe, Mn and Al significantly reduced induced apoptosis. The antiapoptotic effect of Fe was enhanced by benzo(a)pyrene, a typical PAH compound, but was totally reversed by the iron chelator, deferiprone. Furthermore, particles and iron triggered cellular ROS generation and prevented the depletion in glutathione levels observed during A23187-induced apoptosis. In contrast to benzo(a)pyrene, PM-AW and Fe rapidly activated NRF2, subsequently upregulated several target genes (HO1, NQO1 and GPX1) and modulated some genes which control cell death (BCL2, BAX and p53). The key role of the NRF2 pathway in the antiapoptotic effect mediated by Fe and PM was demonstrated using siRNA technology. Our results suggest that the iron component participates in the antiapoptotic effect of PM by activating a NRF2-dependent antioxidant process. As resisting to cell death is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, these findings provide additional clues for understanding the development of lung cancer after atmospheric pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lovera-Leroux
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Belinda Crobeddu
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Patrice X Petit
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Baeza-Squiban
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Karine Andreau
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France.
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Vaccari M, Mascolo MG, Rotondo F, Morandi E, Quercioli D, Perdichizzi S, Zanzi C, Serra S, Poluzzi V, Angelini P, Grilli S, Colacci A. Identification of pathway-based toxicity in the BALB/c 3T3 cell model. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1240-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Santacroce MP, Pastore AS, Tinelli A, Colamonaco M, Crescenzo G. Implications for chronic toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in sea bream cultured hepatocytes: Cytotoxicity, inflammation, and cancerogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1045-1062. [PMID: 24610634 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the most studied dangerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for its hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant effects, which can affect both wild and farmed marine fish through the trophic chain. This study investigated, for the first time, the chronic effects induced in vitro by B[a]P prolonged exposure on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) hepatocytes, evaluating the cellular and nuclear latent damage. The purpose was to characterize the kind of B[a]P cyto- and genotoxic damage by morphological and immunocytochemical parameters applied in combination with the use of multiple assay endpoints. In light of our results, the short-term effects at higher B[a]P doses were linked to higher cytotoxicities and necrotic lysis, whereas a sustained inflammatory response at medium-low doses was perceived as a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, both by surface and nuclear morphological changes. The strong immunoreactivity for the cleaved caspase-3 showed that the labeled cells committed suicide by apoptosis. B[a]P involvement on carcinogenesis comes from prolonged exposure at lower doses, establishing the connection between the escape from apoptosis and the selection of a tumoral phenotype. Cells colabeled with proliferating cell nuclear antigen/caspase-3 within the proliferative foci, were proliferating transformed oval stem cells, which escaped the suicide by apoptosis allowing cancer development. Finally, it was established that sea bream cultured hepatocytes are highly sensitive to chronic B[a]P exposure, as serious genotoxic effects were found even at the lowest doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Santacroce
- Unit of Aquaculture and Zooculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano (BA), Bari, 70010, Italy
| | - Anna Selene Pastore
- Unit of Aquaculture and Zooculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano (BA), Bari, 70010, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Unit of General and Veterinary Anatomic Pathology, Dept. of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano (BA), Bari, 70010, Italy
| | - Michele Colamonaco
- Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano (BA), Bari, 70010, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crescenzo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano (BA), Bari, 70010, Italy
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Rodríguez-Cotto RI, Ortiz-Martínez MG, Jiménez-Vélez BD. Organic extracts from African dust storms stimulate oxidative stress and induce inflammatory responses in human lung cells through Nrf2 but not NF-κB. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:845-56. [PMID: 25769104 PMCID: PMC4447117 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The health impact of the global African dust event (ADE) phenomenon in the Caribbean has been vaguely investigated. Heavy metals in ADE and non-ADE extracts were evaluated for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity by cells using, deferoxamine mesylate (DF) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Results show that ADE particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induces ROS and stimulates oxidative stress. Pre-treatment with DF reduces ROS in ADE and Non-ADE extracts and in lung cells demonstrating that heavy metals are of utmost importance. Glutathione-S-transferase and Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA levels are induced with ADE PM and reduced by DF and NAC. ADE extracts induced Nrf2 activity and IL-8 mRNA levels significantly more than Non-ADE. NF-κB activity was not detected in any sample. Trace elements and organic constituents in ADE PM2.5 enrich the local environment load, inducing ROS formation and activating antioxidant-signaling pathways increasing pro-inflammatory mediator expressions in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa I Rodríguez-Cotto
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Mario G Ortiz-Martínez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
| | - Braulio D Jiménez-Vélez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Department of Biochemistry, Puerto Rico; Center for Environmental and Toxicological Research, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico.
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Numan MS, Brown JP, Michou L. Impact of air pollutants on oxidative stress in common autophagy-mediated aging diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:2289-305. [PMID: 25690002 PMCID: PMC4344726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120202289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress is probably one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in most of the common autophagy-mediated aging diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's, disease, as well as Paget's disease of bone with or without frontotemporal dementia and inclusion body myopathy. Oxidative stress has serious damaging effects on the cellular contents: DNA, RNA, cellular proteins, and cellular organelles. Autophagy has a pivotal role in recycling these damaged non-functional organelles and misfolded or unfolded proteins. In this paper, we highlight, through a narrative review of the literature, that when autophagy processes are impaired during aging, in presence of cumulative air pollution-induced cellular oxidative stress and due to a direct effect on air pollutant, autophagy-mediated aging diseases may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saber Numan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Imboden M, Kumar A, Curjuric I, Adam M, Thun GA, Haun M, Tsai MY, Pons M, Bettschart R, Turk A, Rochat T, Künzli N, Schindler C, Kronenberg F, Probst-Hensch NM. Modification of the association between PM10 and lung function decline by cadherin 13 polymorphisms in the SAPALDIA cohort: a genome-wide interaction analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:72-9. [PMID: 25127211 PMCID: PMC4286270 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both air pollution and genetic variation have been shown to affect lung function. Their interaction has not been studied on a genome-wide scale to date. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify, in an agnostic fashion, genes that modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and annual lung function decline in an adult population-based sample. METHODS A two-stage genome-wide interaction study was performed. The discovery (n = 763) and replication (n = 3,896) samples were derived from the multi-center SAPALDIA cohort (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults). Annual rate of decline in the forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) was the main end point. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify potential multiplicative interactions between genotypes and 11-year cumulative PM10 exposure. RESULTS We identified a cluster of variants intronic to the CDH13 gene as the only locus with genome-wide significant interactions. The strongest interaction was observed for rs2325934 (p = 8.8 × 10(-10)). Replication of the interaction between this CDH13 variant and cumulative PM10 exposure on annual decline in FEF25-75% was successful (p = 0.008). The interaction was not sensitive to adjustment for smoking or body weight. CONCLUSIONS CDH13 is functionally linked to the adipokine adiponectin, an inflammatory regulator. Future studies need to confirm the interaction and assess how the result relates to previously observed interactions between air pollution and obesity on respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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Moskalev A, Shaposhnikov M, Plyusnina E, Plyusnin S, Shostal O, Aliper A, Zhavoronkov A. Exhaustive data mining comparison of the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation, formaldehyde and dioxins. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 12:S5. [PMID: 25563934 PMCID: PMC4303946 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s12-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiation in low doses is the ubiquitous environmental factor with harmful stochastic effects. Formaldehyde is one of the most reactive household and industrial pollutants. Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants and most potent synthetic poisons effective even at trace concentrations. Environmental pollutants are capable of altering the expression of a variety of genes. To identify the similarities and differences in the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation, formaldehyde and dioxin on gene expression, we performed the bioinformatic analysis of all available published data. Results We found that that in addition to the common p53-, ATM- and MAPK-signaling stress response pathways, genes of cell cycle regulation and proinflammatory cytokines, the studied pollutants induce a variety of other molecular processes. Conclusions The observed patterns provide new insights into the mechanisms of the adverse effects associated with these pollutants. They can also be useful in the development of new bio-sensing methods for detection of pollutants in the environment and combating the deleterious effects.
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Pastore AS, Santacroce MP, Narracci M, Cavallo RA, Acquaviva MI, Casalino E, Colamonaco M, Crescenzo G. Genotoxic damage of benzo[a]pyrene in cultured sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) hepatocytes: harmful effects of chronic exposure. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 100:74-85. [PMID: 24794860 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The large majority of studies on the genotoxic hazard of PAHs polluted water widely applied the ENA assay as versatile tool in large number of wild and farmed aquatic species. Nuclear abnormalities are commonly considered to be a direct consequence of genotoxic lesions in DNA macromolecule, and such evaluation might be helpful in identifying the genotoxic damage induced by the most harmful PAHs such as B[a]P. Regarding at the fish species subjected to aquaculture, most of the toxicological data come from wild fish and mainly focus on freshwater fish, but very little is known for other marine major aquacultured species. The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) is the most economically important sparid species cultured along the Mediterranean costs, and it has been proved a very sensitive species to acute B[a]P exposure. However, further investigation is needed on several other types of genotoxic assessments, especially for chronic effects. This work was totally based on an in vitro model for chronic toxicity, using long-term S. aurata hepatocytes in primary culture, continuously exposed to low levels of BaP, over a prolonged period of time, to provide evidences for latent toxicity response. We aimed to investigate the kind of nuclear damage in gilthead sea bream hepatocytes continuously exposed to B[a]P sublethal doses. Cells were exposed to several B[a]P concentrations (10 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 1 ng/mL, 1 pg/mL) for two exposure times (24 and 72 h), and then tested both for apoptosis induction and for nuclear abnormalities by immunofluorescence analysis. The presence of severe nuclear damage, revealed cells progressing towards abnormal genotypes, due to a series of aberrant mitosis followed by unequal distribution of chromosomal content. The nuclear atypia (NA) more frequently observed were: a) micronuclei (MN); b) nuclear buds or blebs (NBUDs); c) notched nuclei; d) lobed nuclei; e) nuclei with nucleoplasmic bridge (NPBs); f) nuclei squashed, with a residual nuclear membrane; g) open nuclei, with membrane tape unrolled; and h) apoptotic bodies. Our results showed at medium-low doses a sustained genotoxic response, whose potency increased with the exposure time, becoming apparent as apoptosis induction, both by cell surface and nuclear changes. At the lowest doses, the longer was B[a]P exposure, greater was the involvement on masses of replicating cells, establishing the connection between the escape from apoptosis and the selection of tumoral cell evolution. In view of these results, there is no evidence of a threshold dose below which B[a]P was found not to be genotoxic in sea bream cultured hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selene Pastore
- Unit of Aquaculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Maria Pia Santacroce
- Unit of Aquaculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy.
| | - Marcella Narracci
- Institute for Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC), C.N.R., Taranto, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Cavallo
- Institute for Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC), C.N.R., Taranto, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Casalino
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Michele Colamonaco
- Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crescenzo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
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Jiang L, Diaz PT, Best TM, Stimpfl JN, He F, Zuo L. Molecular characterization of redox mechanisms in allergic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Astort F, Sittner M, Ferraro SA, Orona NS, Maglione GA, De la Hoz A, Tasat DR. Pulmonary inflammation and cell death in mice after acute exposure to air particulate matter from an industrial region of Buenos Aires. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:87-96. [PMID: 24327098 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM) can increase respiratory morbidity and mortality being the lungs the main target organ to PM body entrance. Even more, several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that air PM has a wide toxicity spectra depending among other parameters, on its size, morphology, and chemical composition. The Reconquista River is the second most polluted river from Buenos Aires, and people living around its basin are constantly exposed to its contaminated water, soil and air. However, the air PM from the Reconquista River (RR-PMa) has not been characterized, and its biological impact on lung has yet not been assessed. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study (1) RR-PMa morphochemical characteristic and (2) RR-PMa lung acute effects after intranasal instillation exposure through the analysis of three end points: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. A single acute exposure of RR-PMa (1 mg/kg body weight) after 24 h caused significant (p < 0.05) enrichment in bronchoalveolar total cell number and polymorphonuclear (PNM) fraction, superoxide anion generation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and induction of apoptosis. It was also observed that in lung homogenates, none of the antioxidant enzymes assayed showed differences between exposed RR-PMa and control mice. These data demonstrate that air PM from the Reconquista River induce lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death therefore represents a potential hazard to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Astort
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1653), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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Jiang L, Diaz PT, Best TM, Stimpfl JN, He F, Zuo L. Molecular characterization of redox mechanisms in allergic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:137-42. [PMID: 24986036 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular redox mechanisms in allergic asthma and to examine current studies of the disease to provide a basis for further investigation of oxidative stress in allergic asthma and the signaling cascades involved in its pathogenesis. DATA SOURCES Through the use of PubMed, a broad biomedical literature review was conducted in the following areas related to the physiology and pathobiology of asthma: redox therapy, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, allergic asthma, and antioxidants. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies pertaining to oxidative stress and redox signaling in the molecular pathways of inflammation and hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma were reviewed. RESULTS Allergic asthma is associated with an increase in endogenous ROS formation, leading to oxidative stress-induced damage to the respiratory system and mitigated antioxidant defenses. Exposure to environmental antigens has been shown to stimulate overproduction of ROS, resulting in abnormal physiologic function of DNA, proteins, and lipids that clinically can augment bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Through the use of animal and human studies, oxidative stress has been determined to be important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Thus, recent research suggests that the assessment of oxidative stress byproducts represents a novel method by which disease severity can be monitored. In addition, the use of redox-based therapy to attenuate levels of ROS presents a potential strategy to alleviate oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION Redox mechanisms of oxidative stress in allergic asthma appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease and represent a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Philip T Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas M Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julia N Stimpfl
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Feng He
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Tarantino G, Capone D, Finelli C. Exposure to ambient air particulate matter and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:3951-3956. [PMID: 23840139 PMCID: PMC3703181 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i25.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM2.5) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD, i.e., development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
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Prasad BS, Vidyullatha P, Venkata RP, Tirumala VG, Varre S, Penagaluru UR, Grover P, Mundluru HP, Penagaluru PR. Evaluation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in traffic policemen exposed to vehicle exhaust. Biomarkers 2013; 18:406-11. [PMID: 23738842 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.801517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the genotoxic effects in traffic police who are occupationally exposed due to higher free radical generation. METHODS Ambient and breathing zone air samples were analyzed blood samples were collected for analysis of antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and free radicals - nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using a spectrophotometer. DNA damage was measured with the comet assay. RESULTS Higher levels of benzene (BZ), toluene (TOL), carbon monoxide (CO), benzo([a])pyrene (BaP) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) was observed in traffic police. Elevated levels of NO, MDA and comet tail length and lower SOD and GPx levels observed in traffic police. CONCLUSION The studied biomarkers, related to oxidative stress and DNA damage positively correlated in traffic police exposed to environmental air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badabagni Siva Prasad
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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O'Connor STF, Lan J, North M, Loguinov A, Zhang L, Smith MT, Gu AZ, Vulpe C. Genome-Wide Functional and Stress Response Profiling Reveals Toxic Mechanism and Genes Required for Tolerance to Benzo[a]pyrene in S. cerevisiae. Front Genet 2013; 3:316. [PMID: 23403841 PMCID: PMC3567348 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous, potent, and complete carcinogen resulting from incomplete organic combustion. BaP can form DNA adducts but other mechanisms may play a role in toxicity. We used a functional toxicology approach in S. cerevisiae to assess the genetic requirements for cellular resistance to BaP. In addition, we examined translational activities of key genes involved in various stress response pathways. We identified multiple genes and processes involved in modulating BaP toxicity in yeast which support DNA damage as a primary mechanism of toxicity, but also identify other potential toxicity pathways. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that DNA damage and repair as well as redox homeostasis and oxidative stress are key processes in cellular response to BaP suggesting a similar mode of action of BaP in yeast and mammals. Interestingly, toxicant export is also implicated as a potential novel modulator of cellular susceptibility. In particular, we identified several transporters with human orthologs (solute carrier family 22) which may play a role in mammalian systems.
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