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Mucci LF, Bergo ES, de Deus JT, Reginato SL, Pereira M, de Camargo-Neves VLF. Evaluation of Methods for Collecting Mosquitoes (Culicidae: Diptera) in Canopy and Ground Strata in the Brazilian Savanna. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120446. [PMID: 36548701 PMCID: PMC9783515 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hand-net is the standard method for capturing mosquitoes with sylvatic diurnal activity in disease outbreaks in Brazil. However, occupational risks and biases related to the collectors' abilities and attractiveness are important limitations. In this study, we compared hand-nets with automatic traps (CDC) associated to CO2 and BG-Lure® in the Vassununga State Park, a Brazilian Savanna protection area. The collections carried out over 27 days on the ground and the forest canopy. A total of 1555 mosquitoes were obtained in 20 taxa. The diversity index ranged between 1.12 and 1.79 and the dominance index from 0.22 to 0.40. The dominant species on the ground was Aedes scapularis (46.0%), and in the canopy, Hg. janthinomys/capricornii (31.9%). Haemagogus leucocelaenus was rare (n = 2). The hand-net resulted in the greatest diversity and abundance of species in both strata, followed by the traps associated with CO2. A low degree of similarity was observed between the hand-net on the ground compared to the other capture methods. The use of BG-Lure® alone resulted in a low number of specimens. In conclusion, the hand-net is still the method of choice for collecting arbovirus vectors in the diurnal period, especially yellow fever vectors.
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2
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Silva FA, Ferreira MS, Araújo PA, Casseb SMM, Silva SP, Nunes Neto JP, Chiang JO, Rosa Junior JW, Chagas LL, Freitas MNO, Santos ÉB, Hernández L, Paz T, Vasconcelos PFC, Martins LC. Serological and Molecular Evidence of the Circulation of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Subtype IIIA in Humans, Wild Vertebrates and Mosquitos in the Brazilian Amazon. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112391. [PMID: 36366489 PMCID: PMC9695375 DOI: 10.3390/v14112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between viruses and ecosystems in areas with or without anthropic interference can contribute to the organization of public health services, as well as prevention and disease control. An arbovirus survey was conducted at Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil, where 632 local residents, 338 vertebrates and 15,774 pools of hematophagous arthropods were investigated. Neutralization antibodies of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus, subtype IIIA, Mucambo virus (MUCV) were detected in 57.3% and 61.5% of humans and wild vertebrates, respectively; in addition, genomic fragments of MUCV were detected in pool of Uranotaenia (Ura.) geometrica. The obtained data suggest an enzootic circulation of MUCV in the area. Understanding the circulation of endemic and neglected arboviruses, such as MUCV, represents an important health problem for the local residents and for the people living in the nearby urban centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franko A. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Milene S. Ferreira
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro A. Araújo
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Samir M. M. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro P. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Joaquim P. Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - José W. Rosa Junior
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Liliane L. Chagas
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria N. O. Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Éder B. Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Hernández
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Thito Paz
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Pará State University, Belém 66045-315, PA, Brazil
| | - Lívia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Haemorragic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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3
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Hendy A, Valério D, Fé NF, Hernandez-Acosta E, Mendonça C, Andrade E, Pedrosa I, Costa ER, Júnior JTA, Assunção FP, Chaves BA, Scarpassa VM, Gordo M, Buenemann M, de Lacerda MVG, Hanley KA, Vasilakis N. Microclimate and the vertical stratification of potential bridge vectors of mosquito‑borne viruses captured by nets and ovitraps in a central Amazonian forest bordering Manaus, Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21129. [PMID: 34702887 PMCID: PMC8548557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Americas, some mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika, chikungunya, and dengue circulate among humans in urban transmission cycles, while others, including yellow fever and Mayaro, circulate among monkeys in sylvatic cycles. The intersection of humans and wildlife at forest edges creates risk for zoonotic virus exchange. We built a scaffold tower at the edge of a treefall gap in rainforest bordering Manaus, Brazil, to identify vectors that may bridge transmission between humans and monkeys. We vertically sampled diurnally active, anthropophilic mosquitoes using handheld nets at 0, 5, and 9 m and container-breeding mosquitoes in ovitraps at 0, 5, 10, and 15 m. Haemagogus janthinomys and Psorophora amazonica were present in high relative abundance in nets at each height sampled, while anthropophilic species were uncommon in ovitraps. Hg. janthinomys was more abundant at elevated heights than at ground level, while Ps. amazonica abundance was not significantly stratified across heights. The presence of each species increased with increasing 7-day rainfall lagged at 1 week, and at 1 and 4 weeks prior to collection, respectively. In addition, Hg. janthinomys was most frequently collected at 29.9 °C, irrespective of height. These data provide insight into the potential role of each species as bridge vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hendy
- Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Valério
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira Fé
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Mendonça
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Eloane Andrade
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Igor Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gordo
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Michaela Buenemann
- Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane (Fiocruz - Amazônia), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Sealy Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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4
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Sharma R, Kumar A, Singh N, Sharma K. 16S rRNA gene profiling of rhizospheric microbial community of Eichhornia crassipes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4055-4064. [PMID: 34021896 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere of a plant is an important interface for the plant-microbe interaction that plays a significant role in the uptake and removal of heavy metal from contaminated sites. Eichhornia crassipes is a free-floating macrophyte and a well-known metal hyperaccumulator. It is a promising plant, which harbors a diverse microbial community in its rhizosphere. Therefore it is hypothesized that it can be a good habitat for microorganisms that supports plant growth and increases its phytoremediation potential. The rhizospheric DNA was extracted from the procured plant samples. The library was prepared and sequenced using the Illumina platform. 16S rRNA data from the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform was analyzed using the QIIME software package. Alpha diversity was estimated from statistical indices i.e. Shannon index, Chao1 index, and observed species. The rarefaction plots, rank abundance curve, krona graph, and heat map were generated to study the rhizospheric community in detail. Metagenome consisted of 225,408 flash reads, 185,008 non-chimeric sequences with 17,578 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's), and 4622 OTU's without singletons. The data of present study are available at NCBI Bioproject (PRJNA631882). The taxonomic analysis of OTU's showed that the sequences belonged to major Phyla revealing the dominance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The most abundant Genera in the sampled rhizosphere recorded were Thiothrix and Flavobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar Institute of Management, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad, 201012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar Institute of Management, Vasundhara, Ghaziabad, 201012, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kritika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
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Pereira-Silva JW, Ríos-Velásquez CM, Lima GRD, Marialva Dos Santos EF, Belchior HCM, Luz SLB, Naveca FG, Pessoa FAC. Distribution and diversity of mosquitoes and Oropouche-like virus infection rates in an Amazonian rural settlement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246932. [PMID: 33592052 PMCID: PMC7886159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito diversity and disease transmission are influenced by landscape modifications, i.e., vectors and pathogens previously found only in forests are now found close to human environments due to anthropic changes. This study determined the diversity and distribution of mosquitoes in forest environments in order to analyze the potential vectors of Amazonian forest arboviruses. Mosquitoes were collected by 1) vertical stratification from forest canopy and ground areas using Hooper Pugedo (HP) light traps and human attraction and 2) horizontal stratification using HP light traps in peridomicile, forest edge, and forest environments near the Rio Pardo rural settlement, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 3,750 mosquitoes were collected, representing 46 species. 3,139 individuals representing 46 species were sampled by vertical stratification. Both the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) and equitability (J’) were higher in the canopy than on the ground. 611 individuals representing 13 species were sampled by horizontal stratification. H’ decreased in the following order: forest edge > forest > peridomicile, and J’ was greater at the forest edge and smaller in the peridomicile environment. Moreover, H’ was higher for the human attraction collection method than the HP traps. A total of 671 pools were analyzed by RT-qPCR; three species were positive for Oropouche-like viruses (Ochlerotatus serratus, Psorophora cingulata, and Haemagogus tropicalis) and the minimum infection rate was 0.8%. The composition of mosquito species did not differ significantly between anthropic and forest environments in Rio Pardo. Some mosquito species, due to their abundance, dispersion in the three environments, and record of natural infection, were hypothesized to participate in the arbovirus transmission cycle in this Amazonian rural settlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordam William Pereira-Silva
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Claudia María Ríos-Velásquez
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Gervilane Ribeiro de Lima
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Eric Fabrício Marialva Dos Santos
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Heliana Christy Matos Belchior
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Sergio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa
- Laboratório Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Condições de Vida e Situações de Saúde na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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de Araújo WS, Vieira TM, de Souza GA, Bezerra IC, Corgosinho PHC, Borges MAZ. Nocturnal Mosquitoes of Pará State in the Brazilian Amazon: Species Composition, Habitat Segregation, and Seasonal Variation. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1913-1919. [PMID: 32484514 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are one of the most important disease vector species in the world. Many species have a high degree of anthropophilia and are often found in human habitations. In the present study, we have inventoried the nocturnal mosquito assemblage in intra-, peri-, and extradomicile environments in four municipalities in Pará, Brazil. At each municipality, a residence was selected and the mosquitoes were sampled using the protected human attraction capture and Shannon trap methods in April (rainy season) and August 2018 (dry season). We have collected a total of 696 mosquito specimens belonging to 8 genera and 17 species. The most abundant species were Mansonia (Mansonoides) titillans (Walker) (366/696, 52.6%), Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis Lynch-Arribálzaga (97/696, 13.9%), and Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say (93/696, 13.4%). Mosquito richness, abundance, and composition did not differ between intra-, peri-, and extradomicile environments suggesting limited habitat segregation among the different species. However, mosquito species richness and mosquito species abundance were significantly higher during the rainy season than during the dry season, suggesting increased mosquito activity during the rainy season. We detected several important vector species of human diseases including Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root, Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon), Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) venezuelensis (Theobald), and Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus which are the main transmitters of dengue, malaria, yellow fever, mayaro, and oropouche fever, respectively. As inventories of disease-carrying mosquitoes in the region are very scarce, mainly in residential environments, our results suggest high potential for mosquito-borne disease transmission in Pará State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thallyta Maria Vieira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Antunes de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isaque Clementino Bezerra
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The vertical stratification of potential bridge vectors of mosquito-borne viruses in a central Amazonian forest bordering Manaus, Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18254. [PMID: 33106507 PMCID: PMC7589505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Latin America brought to the fore longstanding concerns that forests bordering urban areas may provide a gateway for arbovirus spillback from humans to wildlife. To bridge urban and sylvatic transmission cycles, mosquitoes must co-occur with both humans and potential wildlife hosts, such as monkeys, in space and time. We deployed BG-Sentinel traps at heights of 0, 5, 10, and 15 m in trees in a rainforest reserve bordering Manaus, Brazil, to characterize the vertical stratification of mosquitoes and their associations with microclimate and to identify potential bridge vectors. Haemagogus janthinomys and Sabethes chloropterus, two known flavivirus vectors, showed significant stratification, occurring most frequently above the ground. Psorophora amazonica, a poorly studied anthropophilic species of unknown vector status, showed no stratification and was the most abundant species at all heights sampled. High temperatures and low humidity are common features of forest edges and microclimate analyses revealed negative associations between minimum relative humidity, which was inversely correlated with maximum temperature, and the occurrence of Haemagogus and Sabethes mosquitoes. In this reserve, human habitations border the forest while tamarin and capuchin monkeys are also common to edge habitats, creating opportunities for the spillback of mosquito-borne viruses.
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Vieira CJDSP, Thies SF, da Silva DJF, Kubiszeski JR, Barreto ES, Monteiro HADO, Mondini A, São Bernardo CS, Bronzoni RVDM. Ecological aspects of potential arbovirus vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in an urban landscape of Southern Amazon, Brazil. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105276. [PMID: 31751525 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amazon has been under intense human pressure, especially in the so-called "Arc of Deforestation" in the Eastern and Southern regions. Changes in biodiversity due to landscape disturbance in municipalities at the Arc of Deforestation are likely to impact mosquito species leading to the potential for emergence of arboviruses. Our aim was to describe the composition and structure of culicids in Sinop, a municipality located in the Southern Amazon at the State of Mato Grosso, as well as their presence in urban habitats, analyzing climate variables and potential risk of arbovirus transmission. Mosquitoes were collected in four habitats located in urban environments for 12 months. We recovered 5,210 adult mosquitoes from mosquito traps. Among the 33 species identified, 19 are associated with arbovirus transmission. Higher abundance, richness, diversity, and equitability of mosquito species were observed in urban forest parks and in new neighborhoods located in the outskirts of the city, nearby forest fragments and agricultural areas. As the environment consolidates as urban, both abundance and richness decrease. Highly urbanized neighborhoods had higher dominance of Culex quinquefasciatus, a mosquito associated with different arboviruses, including West Nile and Saint Louis encephalitis virus. The medically important species Cx. declarator, Cx. (Melanoconion) ssp., Aedeomyia squamipennis and Aedes scapularis were found in the four habitats. It is possible that these mosquitoes are adapting to different habitats and as a consequence, they are reaching urbanized areas. Mosquito abundance was higher in the days of high temperature and low precipitation in urban forest parks and in highly urbanized neighborhoods. These results suggest that Sinop region is a key area for surveillance of arbovirus vectors.
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Mayi MPA, Foncha DF, Kowo C, Tchuinkam T, Brisco K, Anong DN, Ravinder S, Cornel AJ. Impact of deforestation on the abundance, diversity, and richness of Culex mosquitoes in a southwest Cameroon tropical rainforest. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2019; 44:271-281. [PMID: 31729796 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity but little data exist on how deforestation in real-time affects the overall mosquito species community despite its known role in the transmission of diseases. We compared the abundance and diversity of Culex mosquitoes before and after deforestation along a gradient of three different anthropogenic disturbance levels in a tropical rainforest in southwestern Cameroon. The collections were conducted in unlogged forest (January, 2016), selectively logged forest (January, 2017), and within a young palm plantation (October, 2017) using net traps, sweep nets, resting traps, and dipping for immature stages in water bodies. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified to subspecies, groups, and species. A total of 2,556 mosquitoes was collected of which 1,663 (65.06%) belong to the genus Culex, (n=427 (25.68%) in the unlogged forest; n=900 (54.12%) in the selectively logged forest; and n=336 (20.2%) in the young palm plantation) with a significant difference among the habitats. Diversity and richness of mosquitoes varied significantly among habitats with the highest values found in the selectively logged forest (H=2.4; DS=0.87; S=33) and the lowest value in the unlogged forest (H=1.37; DS=0.68; S=13). The results of this study showed that deforestation affects the abundance and diversity of Culex mosquitoes and favors the invasion of anthropophilic mosquitoes. Higher mosquito abundance and diversity in the selectively logged forest than in the pristine forest is notable and some explanations for these differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paul Audrey Mayi
- Department of Animal Biology, Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyril Kowo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Timoleon Tchuinkam
- Department of Animal Biology, Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory of the Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit (VBID-URBEA), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Katherine Brisco
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California, Parlier, CA 93648, U.S.A
| | - Damian Nota Anong
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sehgal Ravinder
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, U.S.A
| | - Anthony John Cornel
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, University of California, Parlier, CA 93648, U.S.A
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10
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Jones RT, Tusting LS, Smith HMP, Segbaya S, Macdonald MB, Bangs MJ, Logan JG. The impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Acta Trop 2018; 188:142-151. [PMID: 30165072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Industrial activities have produced profound changes in the natural environment, including the mass removal of trees, fragmentation of habitats, and creation of larval mosquito breeding sites, that have allowed the vectors of disease pathogens to thrive. We conducted a review of the literature to assess the impact of industrial activities on vector-borne disease transmission. Our study shows that industrial activities may be coupled with significant changes to human demographics that can potentially increase contact between pathogens, vectors and hosts, and produce a shift of parasites and susceptible populations between low and high disease endemic areas. Indeed, where vector-borne diseases and industrial activities intersect, large numbers of potentially immunologically naïve people may be exposed to infection and lack the knowledge and means to protect themselves from infection. Such areas are typically associated with inadequate access to quality health care, thus allowing industrial development and production sites to become important foci of transmission. The altered local vector ecologies, and the changes in disease dynamics that changes affect, create challenges for under-resourced health care and vector-control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jones
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucy S Tusting
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh M P Smith
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael J Bangs
- International SOS, Ltd., Papua Province, Indonesia; International SOS, Ltd., Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - James G Logan
- ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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11
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Treangen TJ, Schoeler G, Phillippy AM, Bergman NH, Turell MJ. Identification and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Group C Orthobunyavirus Isolated from a Mosquito Captured near Iquitos, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004440. [PMID: 27074162 PMCID: PMC4830577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group C orthobunyaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses found in both South and North America. Until very recently, and despite their status as important vector-borne human pathogens, no Group C whole genome sequences containing all three segments were available in public databases. Here we report a Group C orthobunyavirus, named El Huayo virus, isolated from a pool of Culex portesi mosquitoes captured near Iquitos, Peru. Although initial metagenomic analysis yielded only a handful of reads belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, single contig assemblies were generated for L, M, and S segments totaling over 200,000 reads (~0.5% of sample). Given the moderately high viremia in hamsters (>107 plaque-forming units/ml) and the propensity for Cx. portesi to feed on rodents, it is possible that El Huayo virus is maintained in nature in a Culex portesi/rodent cycle. El Huayo virus was found to be most similar to Peruvian Caraparu virus isolates and constitutes a novel subclade within Group C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Treangen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Schoeler
- Department of Entomology, U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Callao, Peru
| | - Adam M. Phillippy
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Bergman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Turell
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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12
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Eastwood G, Loaiza JR, Pongsiri MJ, Sanjur OI, Pecor JE, Auguste AJ, Kramer LD. Enzootic Arbovirus Surveillance in Forest Habitat and Phylogenetic Characterization of Novel Isolates of Gamboa Virus in Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:786-93. [PMID: 26834200 PMCID: PMC4824219 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape changes occurring in Panama, a country whose geographic location and climate have historically supported arbovirus transmission, prompted the hypothesis that arbovirus prevalence increases with degradation of tropical forest habitats. Investigations at four variably degraded sites revealed a diverse array of potential mosquito vectors, several of which are known vectors of arbovirus pathogens. Overall, 675 pools consisting of 25,787 mosquitoes and representing 29 species from nine genera (collected at ground and canopy height across all habitats) were screened for cytopathic viruses on Vero cells. We detected four isolates of Gamboa virus (family:Bunyaviridae; genus:Orthobunyavirus) from pools of Aedeomyia squamipennis captured at canopy level in November 2012. Phylogenetic characterization of complete genome sequences shows the new isolates to be closely related to each other with strong evidence of reassortment among the M segment of Panamanian Gamboa isolates and several other viruses of this group. At the site yielding viruses, Soberanía National Park in central Panama, 18 mosquito species were identified, and the predominant taxa included A. squamipennis,Coquillettidia nigricans, and Mansonia titillans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Eastwood
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jose R Loaiza
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Montira J Pongsiri
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Oris I Sanjur
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - James E Pecor
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Albert J Auguste
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Laura D Kramer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, New York; Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Ciudad del Saber, República de Panamá; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama; Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Suitland, Maryland; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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