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Sekundo C, Frese C, Alich N, Langowski E, Awounvo S, Wolff D, Zenthöfer A. Very old age impacts masticatory performance: a study among sexagenarians to centenarians. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:349. [PMID: 38822870 PMCID: PMC11144126 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the impact of age on masticatory performance among individuals aged 65 to 106 years, as part of the Heidelberg Dental Centenarian Study (HD-100Z) conducted in South-Western Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 31 centenarians were recruited, alongside 31 individuals each from the age groups 75-99 and 65-74, matched based on sex, prosthetic status, and number of teeth. Masticatory performance was assessed using a two-colored chewing gum test and digital image processing. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of age, sex, number of teeth, type of prosthesis on the masticatory performance. RESULTS Masticatory performance, as measured by the standard deviation of hue in the chewing gum test, decreased significantly in centenarians compared to individuals aged 75-99 years (-0.112, p = 0.037) and those aged 65-74 years (-0.274, p < 0.001). The effects of sex, number of teeth, and type of prosthesis on masticatory performance were not significant associations (p ≥ 0.135). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that age may have a significant influence on masticatory performance in the studied age groups, challenging previous notions that aging itself has little impact on masticatory ability. The inclusion of centenarians in the study highlights the need for further investigation into masticatory function in age groups reaching up to 100 years or more. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study contributes to the understanding of how ageing affects oral function, which may guide dental treatment approaches for older individuals, and set the stage for more in-depth investigations in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sekundo
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Frese
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Alich
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Langowski
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sinclair Awounvo
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Heidelberg University, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zenthöfer
- Heidelberg University, Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Barikroo A, Im I, Crary M, Carnaby G. Effects of Age and Lingual-Palatal Pressure Levels on Submental Surface Electromyography Measures. Dysphagia 2023; 38:1277-1285. [PMID: 36656382 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Submental surface electromyography (sEMG) may provide information about the lingual-palatal pressure (LPP) during swallowing. However, the extent to which changes in age and LPP levels are reflected in different sEMG measures is unclear. This study aimed to understand the effects of age and different levels of submaximal LPPs on submental sEMG peak, average, and integrated values in healthy adults. Ninety community-dwelling healthy participants were categorized into three age groups (young: 20-39 years, middle age: 40-59 years, older: 60 ≥ years). sEMG and LPP measurements were collected concurrently. After placing the sEMG electrodes, the maximal isometric LPP was established using the Iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI) on the anterior tongue. sEMG recordings were conducted for three submaximal LPP levels, including 40%, 60%, and 80% of the maximum LPP. Two-way repeated measure ANOVAs were conducted to find the effects of age and varying LPP levels on mean sEMG peak, average, and integrated measures. A significant age by LPP level interaction was identified for sEMG peak [F (4, 172) = 4.116, p < 0.007, ηp2 = 0.087], sEMG average [F (4, 170) = 5.049, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.106], and sEMG integrated values [F (4, 170) = 4.179, p < 0.003, ηp2 = 0.090]. Post hoc testing demonstrated that, in general, sEMG values significantly increased with rising LPP levels, primarily for younger and middle-aged adults. Furthermore, at 80% of maximum LPP, older adults generated less sEMG average and integrated values than middle age (only significant for sEMG integrated value) and younger adults. Likewise, max LPP was lower in older adults compared with young and middle-aged groups. Submental sEMG has the potential to be incorporated into a skill-based lingual exercise paradigm to improve tongue function during swallowing. Moreover, submental sEMG can characterize some age-related subclinical changes in swallowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Barikroo
- Swallowing Physiology & Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Speech Pathology and Audiology Program, School of Health Sciences, Kent State University, PO Box 5190, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA.
| | - Ikjae Im
- Department of Language and Rehabilitation, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | | | - Giselle Carnaby
- School of Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kaur J, Proksch S, Balasubramaniam R. The effect of elastic and viscous force fields on bimanual coordination. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1117-1130. [PMID: 36914895 PMCID: PMC10081978 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Bimanual in-phase and anti-phase coordination modes represent two basic movement patterns with distinct characteristics-homologous muscle contraction and non-homologous muscle contraction, respectively. A method to understand the contribution of each limb to the overall coordination pattern involves detuning (Δω) the natural eigenfrequency of each limb. In the present experiment, we experimentally broke the symmetry between the two upper limbs by adding elastic and viscous force fields using a Kinarm robot exoskeleton. We measured the effect of this symmetry breaking on coordination stability as participants performed bimanual in-phase and anti-phase movements using their left and right hand in 1:1 frequency locking mode. Differences between uncoupled frequencies were manipulated via the application of viscous & elastic force fields and using fast and slow oscillation frequencies with a custom task developed using the Kinarm robotic exoskeleton. The effects of manipulating the asymmetry between the limbs were measured through the mean and variability of relative phase (ϕ) from the intended modes of 0 ° or 180 °. In general, participants deviated less from intended phase irrespective of coordination mode in all matched conditions, except for when elastic loads are applied to both arms in the anti-phase coordination. Second, we found that when force fields were mismatched participants exhibited a larger deviation from the intended phase. Overall, there was increased phase deviation during anti-phase coordination. Finally, participants exhibited higher variability in relative phase in mismatched force conditions compared to matched force conditions, with overall higher variability during anti-phase coordination mode. We extend previous research by demonstrating that symmetry breaking caused by force differences between the limbs disrupts stability in each coordination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskanwaljeet Kaur
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, 5200 N Lake Road Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - Shannon Proksch
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, 5200 N Lake Road Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.,Department of Psychology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD, 57197, USA
| | - Ramesh Balasubramaniam
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, 5200 N Lake Road Merced, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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Lee JH, Kang N. Altered Bimanual Kinetic and Kinematic Motor Control Capabilities in Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2153. [PMID: 36767520 PMCID: PMC9915092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Older women may experience critical neuromuscular impairments interfering with controlling successful bimanual motor actions. Our study aimed to investigate altered bimanual motor performances in older women compared with younger women by focusing on kinetic and kinematic motor properties. Twenty-two older women and 22 younger women performed bimanual kinetic and kinematic motor tasks. To estimate bimanual kinetic functions, we calculated bimanual maximal voluntary contractions (i.e., MVC) and force control capabilities (i.e., mean force, accuracy, variability, and regularity of the total force produced by two hands) during bimanual hand-grip submaximal force control tasks. For bimanual kinematic performances, we assessed the scores of the Purdue Pegboard Test (i.e., PPT) in both hands and assembly tasks, respectively. For the bimanual MVC and PPT, we conducted an independent t-test between two groups. The bimanual force control capabilities were analyzed using two-way mixed ANOVAs (Group × Force Level; 2 × 2). Our findings revealed that the older women showed less bimanual MVC (p = 0.046) and submaximal force outputs (p = 0.036) and greater changes in bimanual force control capabilities as indicated by a greater force variability (p = 0.017) and regularity (p = 0.014). Further, the older women revealed lower scores of PPT in both the hands condition (p < 0.001) and assembly task condition (p < 0.001). The additional correlation analyses for the older women showed that lower levels of skeletal muscle mass were related to less bimanual MVC (r = 0.591; p = 0.004). Furthermore, a higher age was related to lower scores in the bimanual PPT assembly task (r = -0.427; p = 0.048). These findings suggested that older women experience greater changes in bimanual motor functions compared with younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Lee
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Nyeonju Kang
- Department of Human Movement Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Neuromechanical Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Division of Sport Science, Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Pethick J, Taylor MJD, Harridge SDR. Ageing and skeletal muscle force control: current perspectives and future directions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1430-1443. [PMID: 35815914 PMCID: PMC9541459 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During voluntary muscle contractions, force output is characterized by constant inherent fluctuations, which can be quantified either according to their magnitude or temporal structure, that is, complexity. The presence of such fluctuations when targeting a set force indicates that control of force is not perfectly accurate, which can have significant implications for task performance. Compared to young adults, older adults demonstrate a greater magnitude and lower complexity in force fluctuations, indicative of decreased steadiness, and adaptability of force output, respectively. The nature of this loss‐of‐force control depends not only on the age of the individual but also on the muscle group performing the task, the intensity and type of contraction and whether the task is performed with additional cognitive load. Importantly, this age‐associated loss‐of‐force control is correlated with decreased performance in a range of activities of daily living and is speculated to be of greater importance for functional capacity than age‐associated decreases in maximal strength. Fortunately, there is evidence that acute physical activity interventions can reverse the loss‐of‐force control in older individuals, though whether this translates to improved functional performance and whether lifelong physical activity can protect against the changes have yet to be established. A number of mechanisms, related to both motor unit properties and the behavior of motor unit populations, have been proposed for the age‐associated changes in force fluctuations. It is likely, though, that age‐associated changes in force control are related to increased common fluctuations in the discharge times of motor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Pethick
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Matthew J D Taylor
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Essex, UK
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Fathipour-Azar Z, Azad A, Akbarfahimi M, Behzadipour S, Taghizadeh G. Symmetric and asymmetric bimanual coordination and freezing of gait in Parkinsonian patients in drug phases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:244-261. [PMID: 35194819 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be associated with motor control impairments in tasks other than gait. This study aimed to examine whether symmetric and asymmetric bimanual coordination is impaired in PD with FOG (PD +FOG) patients and whether dual-task and drug phases may affect bimanual coordination in these patients. Twenty PD +FOG patients, 20 PD patients without FOG (PD -FOG) performed symmetric and asymmetric functional bimanual tasks (reach to and pick up a box and open a drawer to press a pushbutton inside it, respectively) under single-task and dual-task conditions. PD patients were evaluated during on- and off-drug phases. Kinematic and coordination measures were calculated for each task. PD +FOG patients demonstrated exacerbated impairments of bimanual coordination while performing goal-directed bimanual tasks, which was more evident in the asymmetric bimanual task and under dual-task conditions, highlighting the need for rehabilitation interventions for bimanual tasks that include different cognitive loads in these patients. Interestingly, 25% and 5% of participants in the PD +FOG and -FOG groups developed upper limb freezing 2 years later, respectively. This study aimed to examine whether symmetric and asymmetric bimanual coordination is impaired in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait (PD +FOG) patients and whether dual-task and drug phases may affect bimanual coordination in these patients. PD +FOG patients demonstrated exacerbated impairment of bimanual coordination while performing goal-directed bimanual tasks, highlighting the need for rehabilitation interventions for bimanual tasks that include different cognitive loads in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Fathipour-Azar
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Azad
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malahat Akbarfahimi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Behzadipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Djavad Mowafaghian Research Center for Intelligent Neuro-rehabilitation Technologies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Parthasharathy M, Mantini D, Orban de Xivry JJ. Increased upper-limb sensory attenuation with age. J Neurophysiol 2021; 127:474-492. [PMID: 34936521 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00558.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressure of our own finger on the arm feels differently than the same pressure exerted by an external agent: the latter involves just touch, whereas the former involves a combination of touch and predictive output from the internal model of the body. This internal model predicts the movement of our own finger and hence the intensity of the sensation of the finger press is decreased. A decrease in intensity of the self-produced stimulus is called sensory attenuation. It has been reported that, due to decreased proprioception with age and an increased reliance on the prediction of the internal model, sensory attenuation is increased in older adults. In this study, we used a force-matching paradigm to test if sensory attenuation is also present over the arm and if aging increases sensory attenuation. We demonstrated that, while both young and older adults overestimate a self-produced force, older adults overestimate it even more showing an increased sensory attenuation. In addition, we also found that both younger and older adults self-produce higher forces when activating the homologous muscles of the upper limb. While this is traditionally viewed as evidence for an increased reliance on internal model function in older adults because of decreased proprioception, proprioception appeared unimpaired in our older participants. This begs the question of whether an age-related decrease in proprioception is really responsible for the increased sensory attenuation observed in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Parthasharathy
- Motor Control and Neuroplasticity Research group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Motor Control and Neuroplasticity Research group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
- Motor Control and Neuroplasticity Research group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Geist Hauserman J, Stavusis J, Joca HC, Robinett JC, Hanft L, Vandermeulen J, Zhao R, Stains JP, Konstantopoulos K, McDonald KS, Ward C, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Sarcomeric deficits underlie MYBPC1-associated myopathy with myogenic tremor. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147612. [PMID: 34437302 PMCID: PMC8525646 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin binding protein-C slow (sMyBP-C) comprises a subfamily of cytoskeletal proteins encoded by MYBPC1 that is expressed in skeletal muscles where it contributes to myosin thick filament stabilization and actomyosin cross-bridge regulation. Recently, our group described the causal association of dominant missense pathogenic variants in MYBPC1 with an early-onset myopathy characterized by generalized muscle weakness, hypotonia, dysmorphia, skeletal deformities, and myogenic tremor, occurring in the absence of neuropathy. To mechanistically interrogate the etiologies of this MYBPC1-associated myopathy in vivo, we generated a knock-in mouse model carrying the E248K pathogenic variant. Using a battery of phenotypic, behavioral, and physiological measurements spanning neonatal to young adult life, we found that heterozygous E248K mice faithfully recapitulated the onset and progression of generalized myopathy, tremor occurrence, and skeletal deformities seen in human carriers. Moreover, using a combination of biochemical, ultrastructural, and contractile assessments at the level of the tissue, cell, and myofilaments, we show that the loss-of-function phenotype observed in mutant muscles is primarily driven by disordered and misaligned sarcomeres containing fragmented and out-of-register internal membranes that result in reduced force production and tremor initiation. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights underscoring the E248K-disease pathogenesis and offer a relevant preclinical model for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Geist Hauserman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janis Stavusis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Humberto C. Joca
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel C. Robinett
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Laurin Hanft
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jack Vandermeulen
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kerry S. McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher Ward
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Overbeek CL, Geurkink TH, de Groot FA, Klop I, Nagels J, Nelissen RGHH, de Groot JH. Shoulder movement complexity in the aging shoulder: A cross-sectional analysis and reliability assessment. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2217-2225. [PMID: 33251589 PMCID: PMC8518861 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthy individuals perform a task such as hitting the head of a nail with an infinite coordination spectrum. This motor redundancy is healthy and allows for learning through exploration and uniform load distribution across muscles. Assessing movement complexity within repetitive movement trajectories may provide insight into the available motor redundancy during aging. We quantified complexity of repetitive arm elevation trajectories in the aging shoulder and assessed test-retest reliability of this quantification. In a cross-sectional study using 3D-electromagnetic tracking, 120 asymptomatic subjects, aged between 18 and 70 years performed repetitive abduction and forward/anteflexion movements. Movement complexity was calculated using the Approximate Entropy (ApEn-value): [0,2], where lower values indicate reduced complexity. Thirty-three participants performed the protocol twice, to determine reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]). The association between age and ApEn was corrected for task characteristics (e.g., sample length) with multiple linear regression analysis. Reproducibility was determined using scatter plots and ICC's. Higher age was associated with lower ApEn-values during abduction (unstandardized estimate: -0.003/year; 95% confidence interval: [-0.005; -0.002]; p < .001). ICC's revealed poor to good reliability depending on differences in sample length between repeated measurements. The results may imply more stereotype movement during abduction in the ageing shoulder, making this movement prone to the development of shoulder complaints. Future studies may investigate the pathophysiology and clinical course of shoulder complaints by assessment of movement complexity. To this end, the ApEn-value calculated over repetitive movement trajectories may be used, although biasing factors such as sample length should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste L. Overbeek
- Department of OrthopaedicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Laboratory for Kinematics and Neuromechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Timon H. Geurkink
- Department of OrthopaedicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Laboratory for Kinematics and Neuromechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Fleur A. de Groot
- Laboratory for Kinematics and Neuromechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ilse Klop
- Laboratory for Kinematics and Neuromechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jochem Nagels
- Department of OrthopaedicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jurriaan H. de Groot
- Laboratory for Kinematics and Neuromechanics, Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Pethick J, Winter SL, Burnley M. Physiological complexity: influence of ageing, disease and neuromuscular fatigue on muscle force and torque fluctuations. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2046-2059. [PMID: 34472160 DOI: 10.1113/ep089711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Physiological complexity in muscle force and torque fluctuations, specifically the quantification of complexity, how neuromuscular complexityis altered by perturbations and the potential mechanism underlying changes in neuromuscular complexity. What advances does it highlight? The necessity to calculate both magnitude- and complexity-based measures for the thorough evaluation of force/torque fluctuations. Also the need for further research on neuromuscular complexity, particularly how it relates to the performance of functional activities (e.g. manual dexterity, balance, locomotion). ABSTRACT Physiological time series produce inherently complex fluctuations. In the last 30 years, methods have been developed to characterise these fluctuations, and have revealed that they contain information about the function of the system producing them. Two broad classes of metrics are used: (1) those which quantify the regularity of the signal (e.g. entropy metrics); and (2) those which quantify the fractal properties of the signal (e.g. detrended fluctuation analysis). Using these techniques, it has been demonstrated that ageing results in a loss of complexity in the time series of a multitude of signals, including heart rate, respiration, gait and, crucially, muscle force or torque output. This suggests that as the body ages, physiological systems become less adaptable (i.e. the systems' ability to respond rapidly to a changing external environment is diminished). More recently, it has been shown that neuromuscular fatigue causes a substantial loss of muscle torque complexity, a process that can be observed in a few minutes, rather than the decades it requires for the same system to degrade with ageing. The loss of torque complexity with neuromuscular fatigue appears to occur exclusively above the critical torque (at least for tasks lasting up to 30 min). The loss of torque complexity can be exacerbated with previous exercise of the same limb, and reduced by the administration of caffeine, suggesting both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to this loss. The mechanisms underpinning the loss of complexity are not known but may be related to altered motor unit behaviour as the muscle fatigues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Pethick
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Samantha L Winter
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Burnley
- Endurance Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, UK
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Age-related differences in functional tool-use are due to changes in movement quality and not simply motor slowing. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1617-1626. [PMID: 33760958 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-related declines in fine motor control may impact tool-use and thereby limit functional independence. Most previous research has, however, focused on the effect of aging on gross motor tasks. Few studies have investigated the effects of aging on the strategy or quality of fine motor skills, especially in tool-use, which may better reflect how age impacts complex movement capability. Twenty-two young (ages 19-35) and 18 older adults (ages 58-87) performed a timed upper extremity task using a tool to acquire and transport objects to different locations. Overall task performance was divided into two phases based on 3-D position of the tool: a gross motor phase (object transport) and a fine motor phase (object acquisition). Overall, older adults took longer to complete the task. A linear model indicated that this was due to the duration of the fine motor phase more so than the gross motor phase. To identify age-related differences in the quality of the fine motor phase, we fit three-dimensional ellipsoids to individual data and the calculated the ellipsoid volume. Results demonstrated a significant volume-by-age interaction, whereby increased ellipsoid volume (space the tool occupied) related to increased mean dwell time for the older adult group only; younger adults did not demonstrate this relationship. Additionally, older adults with longer movement times during the fine motor phase also had lower cognitive scores. No age-related differences were observed for the gross motor phase, suggesting that age-related declines in tool-use may be due to changes in fine motor control and cognitive status.
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Jones CA, Ciucci MR, Abdelhalim SM, McCulloch TM. Swallowing Pressure Variability as a Function of Pharyngeal Region, Bolus Volume, Age, and Sex. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E52-E58. [PMID: 32304341 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within-individual movement variability occurs in most motor domains. However, it is unknown how pharyngeal swallowing pressure varies in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that: 1) variability would differ among pharyngeal regions; 2) variability would decrease with increased bolus volume; 3) variability would increase with age; and 4) there would be no sex differences. STUDY DESIGN Case series. METHODS We used pharyngeal high-resolution manometry to measure swallowing pressure in the following regions: velopharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter. Data were collected from 97 healthy adults (41 male) aged 21 to 89 years during thin liquid swallows: 2 mL, 10 mL, and participant-selected comfortable volume. Pressure variability was measured using coefficient of variation. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess impacts of region, bolus volume, age, and sex on pressure variability. RESULTS There was a significant region × volume interaction (P < .001) and significant main effect of age (P = .005). Pressures in the hypopharynx region were more variable than all other regions (P ≤ .028), and pressures in the tongue base region were less variable than all other regions (P ≤ .002) except at 2 mL volumes (P = .065). Swallowing pressure variability was significantly different in the velopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter regions, with comfortable volume and 2 mL swallows having greater variability than 10 mL swallows (P ≤ .026). Pressure variability significantly increased with increasing age (P = .002). There were no effects of sex on pressure variability (P ≥ .15). CONCLUSION Pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability differs according pharyngeal region, volume, and age but not sex. Abnormal swallowing pressure variability may reflect deviations in motor control in persons with swallowing impairment, and results from this study can be used as normative data for future investigations evaluating swallowing pressure generation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E52-E58, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Jones
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Suzan M Abdelhalim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Timothy M McCulloch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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13
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Samulski B, Prebor J, Armitano-Lago C, Morrison S. Age-related changes in neuromotor function when performing a concurrent motor task. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:565-574. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Contrasting Age Effects on Complexity of Tracking Force and Force Fluctuations During Monorhythmic Contraction. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:114-121. [PMID: 31629359 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study contrasted the stochastic force component between young and older adults, who performed pursuit tracking/compensatory tracking by exerting in-phase/antiphase forces to match a sinusoidal target. Tracking force was decomposed into the force component containing the target frequency and the nontarget force fluctuations (stochastic component). Older adults with inferior task performance had higher complexity (entropy across time; p = .005) in total force. For older adults, task errors were negatively correlated with force fluctuation complexity (pursuit tracking: r = -.527 to -.551; compensatory tracking: r = -.626 to -.750). Notwithstanding an age-related increase in total force complexity (p = .004), older adults exhibited lower complexity of the stochastic force component than young adults did (low frequency: p = .017; high frequency: p = .035). Those older adults with a higher complexity of stochastic force had better task performance due to the underlying use of a richer gradation strategy to compensate for impaired oscillatory control.
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Knol H, Huys R, Temprado JJ, Sleimen-Malkoun R. Performance, complexity and dynamics of force maintenance and modulation in young and older adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225925. [PMID: 31821334 PMCID: PMC6903729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study addresses how task constraints and aging influence isometric force control. We used two tasks requiring either force maintenance (straight line target force) or force modulation (sine-wave target force) around different force levels and at different modulation frequencies. Force levels were defined relative the individual maximum voluntary contraction. A group of young adults (mean age ± SD = 25 ± 3.6 years) and a group of elderly (mean age = 77 ± 6.4 years) took part in the study. Age- and task-related effects were assessed through differences in: (i) force control accuracy, (ii) time-structure of force fluctuations, and (iii) the contribution of deterministic (predictable) and stochastic (noise-like) dynamic components to the expressed behavior. Performance-wise, the elderly showed a pervasive lower accuracy and higher variability than the young participants. The analysis of fluctuations showed that the elderly produced force signals that were less complex than those of the young adults during the maintenance task, but the reverse was observed in the modulation task. Behavioral complexity results suggest a reduced adaptability to task-constraints with advanced age. Regarding the dynamics, we found comparable generating mechanisms in both age groups for both tasks and in all conditions, namely a fixed-point for force maintenance and a limit-cycle for force modulation. However, aging increased the stochasticity (noise-driven fluctuations) of force fluctuations in the cyclic force modulation, which could be related to the increased complexity found in elderly for this same task. To our knowledge this is the first time that these different perspectives to motor control are used simultaneously to characterize force control capacities. Our findings show their complementarity in revealing distinct aspects of sensorimotor adaptation to task constraints and age-related declines. Although further research is still needed to identify the physiological underpinnings, the used task and methodology are shown to have both fundamental and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Knol
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Applied Cognitive Psychology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raoul Huys
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition, UPS, CHU Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Temprado
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Rita Sleimen-Malkoun
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Kim H, Kwon O. Higher Diet Quality is Associated with Lower Odds of Low Hand Grip Strength in the Korean Elderly Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1487. [PMID: 31261920 PMCID: PMC6683249 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nutrients or food groups have been associated with physical performance. However, little is known about the association of overall diet quality with hand grip strength (HGS), a predictive parameter in the prognosis of chronic disease morbidity and mortality, or quality of life. This study examined the association between HGS and three indices-the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-using data obtained on Korean elderly persons aged ≥65 years (n = 3675) from a nationally representative database. The cross-sectional data was collected as part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2014-2016). Dietary intake data from the 24-h recall method were used to calculate diet quality scores. The cutoff value for low HGS was defined as the value corresponding to the lowest 20th percentile of HGS of the study population (men, 28.6 kg; women, 16.5 kg). Higher index scores for diet quality were associated with 32%-53% lower odds of low HGS. Better overall diet quality may be associated with higher HGS in the elderly Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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17
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Coupling of motor oscillators – What really happens when you chew gum and walk? Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Kinematic profiles suggest differential control processes involved in bilateral in-phase and anti-phase movements. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3273. [PMID: 30824858 PMCID: PMC6397147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In-phase and anti-phase movements represent two basic coordination modes with different characteristics: during in-phase movements, bilateral homologous muscle groups contract synchronously, whereas during anti-phase movements, they contract in an alternating fashion. Previous studies suggested that in-phase movements represent a more stable and preferential bilateral movement template in humans. The current experiment aims at confirming and extending this notion by introducing new empirical measures of spatiotemporal dynamics during performance of a bilateral circle drawing task in an augmented-reality environment. First, we found that anti-phase compared to in-phase movements were performed with higher radial variability, a result that was mainly driven by the non-dominant hand. Second, the coupling of both limbs was higher during in-phase movements, corroborated by a lower inter-limb phase difference and higher inter-limb synchronization. Importantly, the movement acceleration profile between bilateral hands followed an in-phase relationship during in-phase movements, while no specific relationship was found in anti-phase condition. These spatiotemporal relationships between hands support the hypothesis that differential neural processes govern both bilateral coordination modes and suggest that both limbs are controlled more independently during anti-phase movements, while bilateral in-phase movements are elicited by a common neural generator.
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19
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Fernando R, Drescher C, Nowotny K, Grune T, Castro JP. Impaired proteostasis during skeletal muscle aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:58-66. [PMID: 30194981 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon that has detrimental effects on tissue homeostasis. The skeletal muscle is one of the earliest tissues to be affected and to manifest age-related changes such as functional impairment and the loss of mass. Common to these alterations and to most of tissues during aging is the disruption of the proteostasis network by detrimental changes in the ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal system (ALS). In fact, during aging the accumulation of protein aggregates, a process mainly driven by increased levels of oxidative stress, has been observed, clearly demonstrating UPS and ALS dysregulation. Since the UPS and ALS are the two most important pathways for the removal of misfolded and aggregated proteins and also of damaged organelles, we provide here an overview on the current knowledge regarding the connection between the loss of proteostasis and skeletal muscle functional impairment and also how redox regulation can play a role during aging. Therefore, this review serves for a better understanding of skeletal muscle aging in regard to the loss of proteostasis and how redox regulation can impact its function and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernando
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Cathleen Drescher
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Nowotny
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - José Pedro Castro
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Department for Biomedicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research (I3S), Aging and Stress Group, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Gölz C, Voelcker-Rehage C, Mora K, Reuter EM, Godde B, Dellnitz M, Reinsberger C, Vieluf S. Improved Neural Control of Movements Manifests in Expertise-Related Differences in Force Output and Brain Network Dynamics. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1540. [PMID: 30519188 PMCID: PMC6258820 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that expertise developed through continuous and deliberate practice has the potential to delay age-related decline in fine motor skills. However, less is known about the underlying mechanisms, that is, whether expertise leads to a higher performance level changing the initial status from which age-related decline starts or if expertise-related changes result in qualitatively different motor output and neural processing providing a resource of compensation for age-related changes. Thus, as a first step, this study aims at a better understanding of expertise-related changes in fine motor control with respect to force output and respective electrophysiological correlates. Here, using a multidimensional approach, we investigated fine motor control of experts and novices in precision mechanics during the execution of a dynamic force control task. On the level of force output, we analyzed precision, variability, and complexity. We further used dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to analyze the electrophysiological correlates of force control to deduce brain network dynamics. Experts’ force output was more precise, less variable, and more complex. Task-related DMD mean mode magnitudes within the α-band at electrodes over sensorimotor relevant areas were reduced in experts, and lower DMD mean mode magnitudes related to the force output in novices. Our results provide evidence for expertise dependent central adaptions with distinct and more complex organization and decentralization of sensorimotor subsystems. Results from our multidimensional approach can be seen as a step forward in understanding expertise-related changes and exploiting their potential as resources for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gölz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Karin Mora
- Department of Mathematics, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Reuter
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Godde
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Dellnitz
- Department of Mathematics, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Solveig Vieluf
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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21
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Berlin R, Gruen R, Best J. Systems Medicine Disease: Disease Classification and Scalability Beyond Networks and Boundary Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:112. [PMID: 30131956 PMCID: PMC6090066 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to accommodate the forthcoming wealth of health and disease related information, from genome to body sensors to population and the environment, the approach to disease description and definition demands re-examination. Traditional classification methods remain trapped by history; to provide the descriptive features that are required for a comprehensive description of disease, systems science, which realizes dynamic processes, adaptive response, and asynchronous communication channels, must be applied (Wolkenhauer et al., 2013). When Disease is viewed beyond the thresholds of lines and threshold boundaries, disease definition is not only the result of reductionist, mechanistic categories which reluctantly face re-composition. Disease is process and synergy as the characteristics of Systems Biology and Systems Medicine are included. To capture the wealth of information and contribute meaningfully to medical practice and biology research, Disease classification goes beyond a single spatial biologic level or static time assignment to include the interface of Disease process and organism response (Bechtel, 2017a; Green et al., 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berlin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Russell Gruen
- Department of Surgery, Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Best
- Lee Kong China School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Couth S, Gowen E, Poliakoff E. How does ageing affect grasp adaptation to a visual-haptic size conflict? Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2173-2184. [PMID: 29796755 PMCID: PMC6061465 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that the ability to adapt motor behaviour to sudden environmental changes may be impaired in older adults. Here, we investigated whether the adaptation of grasping behaviour in response to a visual-haptic size conflict is also affected by increasing age. 30 older and 18 young adults were instructed to grasp a hidden block whilst viewing a second block in a congruent position. Initially block sizes were equal, but after a set number of trials a sensory conflict was introduced by covertly changing the hidden block for a smaller or larger block. The scale and speed of maximum grasp aperture adaptation to the increase or decrease in the size of the hidden block was measured. Older adults successfully adapted to the visual-haptic size conflict in a similar manner to young adults, despite a tendency to adapt less when the hidden block increased in size. This finding is attributed to the physical capabilities of the grasping hand of older adults, rather than an effect of age-related sensory or cognitive decline. The speed of grasp adaptation did not differ between age groups; however, awareness of the visual-haptic conflict lead to faster adaptation. These findings suggest that sensorimotor adaptation for grasping is intact for cognitively healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Couth
- Division of Human Communication, Development and Hearing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, A3.16 Ellen Wilkinson Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Emma Gowen
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
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Chen YC, Lin LL, Hwang IS. Novel Behavioral and Neural Evidences for Age-Related changes in Force complexity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:997-1002. [PMID: 29471388 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated age-related changes in behavioral and neural complexity for a polyrhythmic movement, which appeared to be an exception to the loss of complexity hypothesis. Young (n = 15; age = 24.2 years) and older (15; 68.1 years) adults performed low-level force-tracking with isometric index abduction to couple a compound sinusoidal target. Multiscale entropy (MSE) of tracking force and inter-spike interval (ISI) of motor unit (MU) in the first dorsal interosseus muscle were assessed. The MSE area of tracking force at shorter time scales of older adults was greater (more complex) than that of young adults, whereas an opposite trend (less complex for the elders) was noted at longer time scales. The MSE area of force fluctuations (the stochastic component of the tracking force) were generally smaller (less complex) for older adults. Along with greater mean and coefficient of ISI, the MSE area of the cumulative discharge rate of elders tended to be lower (less complex) than that of young adults. In conclusion, age-related complexity changes in polyrhythmic force-tracking depended on the time scale. The adaptive behavioral consequences could be multifactorial origins of the age-related impairment in rate coding, increased discharge noises, and lower discharge complexity of pooled MUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Physical Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Linda L Lin
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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van Gastel J, Boddaert J, Jushaj A, Premont RT, Luttrell LM, Janssens J, Martin B, Maudsley S. GIT2-A keystone in ageing and age-related disease. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 43:46-63. [PMID: 29452267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 2, GIT2, and its family member, GIT1, have received considerable interest concerning their potential key roles in regulating multiple inter-connected physiological and pathophysiological processes. GIT2 was first identified as a multifunctional protein that is recruited to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) during the process of receptor internalization. Recent findings have demonstrated that perhaps one of the most important effects of GIT2 in physiology concerns its role in controlling multiple aspects of the complex ageing process. Ageing can be considered the most prevalent pathophysiological condition in humans, affecting all tissue systems and acting as a driving force for many common and intractable disorders. The ageing process involves a complex interplay among various deleterious activities that profoundly disrupt the body's ability to cope with damage, thus increasing susceptibility to pathophysiologies such as neurodegeneration, central obesity, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The biological systems that control ageing appear to function as a series of interconnected complex networks. The inter-communication among multiple lower-complexity signaling systems within the global ageing networks is likely coordinated internally by keystones or hubs, which regulate responses to dynamic molecular events through protein-protein interactions with multiple distinct partners. Multiple lines of research have suggested that GIT2 may act as one of these network coordinators in the ageing process. Identifying and targeting keystones, such as GIT2, is thus an important approach in our understanding of, and eventual ability to, medically ameliorate or interdict age-related progressive cellular and tissue damage.
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Morrison S, Newell KM. Intraindividual Variability of Neuromotor Function Predicts Falls Risk in Older Adults and those with Type 2 Diabetes. J Mot Behav 2018. [PMID: 29537941 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2018.1440524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effect of increasing age and type 2 diabetes on the average responses and inter- and intraindividual variability of falls risk, reaction time, strength, and walking speed for healthy older adults and older persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Seventy-five older individuals (controls) and 75 persons with T2DM aged between 50 and 79 years participated in the study. Assessments of falls risk, reaction time (RT), knee extension strength, and walking speed were conducted. The results revealed that advancing age for both control and T2DM groups was reflected by a progressive increase in falls risk, decreased leg strength and a decline (i.e., slowing) of reactions and gait speed. Conversely, the level of intraindividual variability for the RT, strength and gait measures increased with increasing age for both groups, with T2DM persons tending to be more variable compared to the healthy controls of similar age. In contrast to the intraindividual changes, measures of interindividual variability revealed few differences between the healthy elderly and T2DM individuals. Taken together, the findings support the proposition that intraindividual variability of neuromotor measures may be useful as a biomarker for the early detection of decline in physiological function due to age or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Morrison
- a School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University , Norfolk , VA
| | - Karl M Newell
- b Department of Kinesiology , University of Georgia , Athens , GA
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27
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Towards a Grand Unified Theory of sports performance. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 56:139-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Avivi-Arber L, Sessle BJ. Jaw sensorimotor control in healthy adults and effects of ageing. J Oral Rehabil 2017; 45:50-80. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Avivi-Arber
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - B. J. Sessle
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Vieluf S, Sleimen-Malkoun R, Voelcker-Rehage C, Jirsa V, Reuter EM, Godde B, Temprado JJ, Huys R. Dynamical signatures of isometric force control as a function of age, expertise, and task constraints. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:176-186. [PMID: 28356479 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00691.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
From the conceptual and methodological framework of the dynamical systems approach, force control results from complex interactions of various subsystems yielding observable behavioral fluctuations, which comprise both deterministic (predictable) and stochastic (noise-like) dynamical components. Here, we investigated these components contributing to the observed variability in force control in groups of participants differing in age and expertise level. To this aim, young (18-25 yr) as well as late middle-aged (55-65 yr) novices and experts (precision mechanics) performed a force maintenance and a force modulation task. Results showed that whereas the amplitude of force variability did not differ across groups in the maintenance tasks, in the modulation task it was higher for late middle-aged novices than for experts and higher for both these groups than for young participants. Within both tasks and for all groups, stochastic fluctuations were lowest where the deterministic influence was smallest. However, although all groups showed similar dynamics underlying force control in the maintenance task, a group effect was found for deterministic and stochastic fluctuations in the modulation task. The latter findings imply that both components were involved in the observed group differences in the variability of force fluctuations in the modulation task. These findings suggest that between groups the general characteristics of the dynamics do not differ in either task and that force control is more affected by age than by expertise. However, expertise seems to counteract some of the age effects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stochastic and deterministic dynamical components contribute to force production. Dynamical signatures differ between force maintenance and cyclic force modulation tasks but hardly between age and expertise groups. Differences in both stochastic and deterministic components are associated with group differences in behavioral variability, and observed behavioral variability is more strongly task dependent than person dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Vieluf
- Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.,Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France.,Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Change, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rita Sleimen-Malkoun
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Change, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Eva-Maria Reuter
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Change, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben Godde
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Change, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany; and
| | - Jean-Jacques Temprado
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Raoul Huys
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
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Optimizing Function for the Older Adult With Degenerative Scoliosis Through Pilates Environment Intervention. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sethi A, Stergiou N, Patterson TS, Patten C, Richards LG. Speed and Rhythm Affect Temporal Structure of Variability in Reaching Poststroke: A Pilot Study. J Mot Behav 2017; 49:35-45. [PMID: 27726692 PMCID: PMC5344753 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1219304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporal structure reveals the potential adaptive strategies employed during upper extremity movements. The authors compared the temporal structure of upper extremity joints under 3 different reaching conditions: preferred speed, fast speed, and reaching with rhythmic auditory cues in 10 individuals poststroke. They also investigated the temporal structure of these 3 reaching conditions in 8 healthy controls to aid in the interpretation of the observed patterns in the poststroke cohort. Approximate entropy (ApEn) was used to measure the temporal structure of the upper extremity joints. ApEn was similar between conditions in controls. After stroke, ApEn was significantly higher for shoulder, elbow, and wrist both at fast speed and with rhythmic cues compared with preferred speed. ApEn at index finger was significantly higher only with rhythmic cues compared with preferred speed. The authors propose that practice reaching at faster speed and with rhythmic cues as a component of rehabilitation interventions may enhance adaptability after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sethi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Health Physical Education and Recreation, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tara S. Patterson
- Occupational Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Carolynn Patten
- North Florida/South Georgia VA Health System, Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Temprado JJ, Vieluf S, Sleimen-Malkoun R. Age-related changes in force control under different task contexts. Exp Brain Res 2016; 235:231-246. [PMID: 27695928 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated age-related differences in motor behavior under different task contexts of isometric force control. The tasks involved rapid force production and force maintenance, either separately or in combination. For the combined context, we used Fitts-like tasks, in which we scaled either the force level (D manipulation, i.e., manipulation of the amplitude of the force to be produced) or the tolerance range (W manipulation, i.e., manipulation of the target width in which force is allowed to fluctuate). We studied two age groups and analyzed mainly variables that quantify behavioral variability (SD), information processing (signal-to-noise ratio and efficiency functions), and age-related slowing (slowing ratio). For rapid force control, age-related differences were more pronounced when preplanned processes were primarily involved, that is, in the rapid force production and Fitts-D manipulation tasks. Further, older adults were comparable to the younger adults in terms of end-point variability at the cost of being slower and more variable in timing. For force maintenance control, requiring mainly online control, age-related differences were the most visible in the stabilized phase of Fitts-D manipulation, followed by Fitts-W manipulation for SD, and then the force maintenance task. In sum, our findings reveal an age-related reorganization of how preplanned and online control processes are combined under different force control contexts. Indeed, both behavioral slowing and the overreliance on online control processes seem to be dependent on the task. In this respect, beyond the study of force control, we show the interest of investigating age effects using functionally different tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Temprado
- CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Solveig Vieluf
- CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Rita Sleimen-Malkoun
- CNRS, ISM, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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Siddiqi A, Arjunan SP, Kumar DK. Age related neuromuscular changes in sEMG of m. Tibialis Anterior using higher order statistics (Gaussianity & linearity test). ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:3638-3641. [PMID: 28324992 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated changes in the surface electromyogram (sEMG) of Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscle can be attributable to neuromuscular alterations that precede strength loss. We have used our sEMG model of the Tibialis Anterior to interpret the age-related changes and compared with the experimental sEMG. Eighteen young (20-30 years) and 18 older (60-85 years) performed isometric dorsiflexion at 6 different percentage levels of maximum voluntary contractions (MVC), and their sEMG from the TA muscle was recorded. Six different age-related changes in the neuromuscular system were simulated using the sEMG model at the same MVCs as the experiment. The maximal power of the spectrum, Gaussianity and Linearity Test Statistics were computed from the simulated and experimental sEMG. A correlation analysis at α=0.05 was performed between the simulated and experimental age-related change in the sEMG features. The results show the loss in motor units was distinguished by the Gaussianity and Linearity test statistics; while the maximal power of the PSD distinguished between the muscular factors. The simulated condition of 40% loss of motor units with halved the number of fast fibers best correlated with the age-related change observed in the experimental sEMG higher order statistical features. The simulated aging condition found by this study corresponds with the moderate motor unit remodelling and negligible strength loss reported in literature for the cohorts aged 60-70 years.
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The role of environmental constraints in walking: Effects of steering and sharp turns on gait dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28374. [PMID: 27345577 PMCID: PMC4937443 DOI: 10.1038/srep28374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stride durations in gait exhibit long-range correlation (LRC) which tends to disappear with certain movement disorders. The loss of LRC has been hypothesized to result from a reduction of functional degrees of freedom of the neuromuscular apparatus. A consequence of this theory is that environmental constraints such as the ones induced during constant steering may also reduce LRC. Furthermore, obstacles may perturb control of the gait cycle and also reduce LRC. To test these predictions, seven healthy participants walked freely overground in three conditions: unconstrained, constrained (constant steering), and perturbed (frequent 90° turns). Both steering and sharp turning reduced LRC with the latter having a stronger effect. Competing theories explain LRC in gait by positing fractal CPGs or a biomechanical process of kinetic energy reuse. Mediation analysis showed that the effect of the experimental manipulation in the current experiment depends partly on a reduction in walking speed. This supports the biomechanical theory. We also found that the local Hurst exponent did not reflect the frequent changes of heading direction. This suggests that the recovery from the sharp turn perturbation, a kind of relaxation time, takes longer than the four to seven meters between successive turns in the present study.
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Effects of Lifetime Occupational Pesticide Exposure on Postural Control Among Farmworkers and Non-Farmworkers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:133-9. [PMID: 26849257 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess potential chronic effects of pesticide exposure on postural control, by examining postural balance of farmworkers and non-farmworkers diverse self-reported lifetime exposures. METHODS Balance was assessed during quiet upright stance under four experimental conditions (2 visual × 2 cognitive difficulty). RESULTS Significant differences in baseline balance performance (eyes open without cognitive task) between occupational groups were apparent in postural sway complexity. When adding a cognitive task to the eyes open condition, the influence of lifetime exposure on complexity ratios appeared different between occupational groups. Removing visual information revealed a negative association of lifetime exposure with complexity ratios. CONCLUSIONS Farmworkers and non-farmworkers may use different postural control strategies even when controlling for the level of lifetime pesticide exposure. Long-term exposure can affect somatosensory/vestibular sensory systems and the central processing of sensory information for postural control.
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Vieluf S, Temprado JJ, Berton E, Jirsa VK, Sleimen-Malkoun R. Effects of task and age on the magnitude and structure of force fluctuations: insights into underlying neuro-behavioral processes. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:12. [PMID: 25887599 PMCID: PMC4359767 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed at characterizing the effects of increasing (relative) force level and aging on isometric force control. To achieve this objective and to infer changes in the underlying control mechanisms, measures of information transmission, as well as magnitude and time-frequency structure of behavioral variability were applied to force-time-series. RESULTS Older adults were found to be weaker, more variable, and less efficient than young participants. As a function of force level, efficiency followed an inverted-U shape in both groups, suggesting a similar organization of the force control system. The time-frequency structure of force output fluctuations was only significantly affected by task conditions. Specifically, a narrower spectral distribution with more long-range correlations and an inverted-U pattern of complexity changes were observed with increasing force level. Although not significant older participants displayed on average a less complex behavior for low and intermediate force levels. The changes in force signal's regularity presented a strong dependence on time-scales, which significantly interacted with age and condition. An inverted-U profile was only observed for the time-scale relevant to the sensorimotor control process. However, in both groups the peak was not aligned with the optimum of efficiency. CONCLUSION Our results support the view that behavioral variability, in terms of magnitude and structure, has a functional meaning and affords non-invasive markers of the adaptations of the sensorimotor control system to various constraints. The measures of efficiency and variability ought to be considered as complementary since they convey specific information on the organization of control processes. The reported weak age effect on variability and complexity measures suggests that the behavioral expression of the loss of complexity hypothesis is not as straightforward as conventionally admitted. However, group differences did not completely vanish, which suggests that age differences can be more or less apparent depending on task properties and whether difficulty is scaled in relative or absolute terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Vieluf
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Temprado
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France.
| | - Eric Berton
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France.
| | - Viktor K Jirsa
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - Rita Sleimen-Malkoun
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France.
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, 13385, Marseille, France.
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Wen H, Gao X, Qin J. Probing the anti-aging role of polydatin in Caenorhabditis elegans on a chip. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:35-43. [PMID: 24305800 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40191j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C. elegans is widely used as a model organism in the study of aging and evaluation of anti-aging drugs due to its unique characteristics. In this work, we set out to investigate polydatin, a natural resveratrol glycoside, and its role in extending lifespan, improving oxidative stress resistance, and the possible regulation mechanism involved in the Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway for the first time by using a flexible microfluidic device. The effects of polydatin on the lifespan, oxidative stress resistance, mobility and the expression of aging-related proteins and genes were explored. Polydatin was found to significantly extend the mean lifespan of worms by up to 30.7% and 62.1% under normal and acute stress conditions respectively. It improved the expression of the inducible oxidative stress protein (GST-4) and corresponding stroke frequencies in the transgenic CL2166 strain. Moreover, it also increased SOD-3::GFP expression in CF1553 worms and promoted DAF-16 nucleus translocation in TJ356 worms. The longevity-extending role of polydatin is partly attributed to its anti-oxidative activity and increased oxidative stress resistance by regulating the stress-resistance related proteins SOD-3, and daf-16 expression at protein and mRNA levels involved in the IIS pathway. The established microfluidic platform is capable of flexible operation with multiple functions, which not only supports the individual worm's long-term culture with sufficient nutrient exchange, but also facilitates mobility monitoring of the worm, immobilizing and imaging in a controllable and parallel manner. These interesting findings reported here highlight the significance of the natural compound polydatin in the study of aging-related diseases, and the utility of the microfluidic platform for applications in aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Sleimen-Malkoun R, Temprado JJ, Hong SL. Aging induced loss of complexity and dedifferentiation: consequences for coordination dynamics within and between brain, muscular and behavioral levels. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:140. [PMID: 25018731 PMCID: PMC4073624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that aging not only leads to structural and functional alterations of individual components of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system (NMSS) but also results in a systemic re-organization of interactions within and between the different levels and functional domains. Understanding the principles that drive the dynamics of these re-organizations is an important challenge for aging research. The present Hypothesis and Theory paper is a contribution in this direction. We propose that age-related declines in brain and behavior that have been characterized in the literature as dedifferentiation and the loss of complexity (LOC) are: (i) synonymous; and (ii) integrated. We argue that a causal link between the aforementioned phenomena exists, evident in the dynamic changes occurring in the aging NMSS. Through models and methods provided by a dynamical systems approach to coordination processes in complex living systems, we: (i) formalize operational hypotheses about the general principles of changes in cross-level and cross-domain interactions during aging; and (ii) develop a theory of the aging NMSS based on the combination of the frameworks of coordination dynamics (CD), dedifferentiation, and LOC. Finally, we provide operational predictions in the study of aging at neural, muscular, and behavioral levels, which lead to testable hypotheses and an experimental agenda to explore the link between CD, LOC and dedifferentiation within and between these different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sleimen-Malkoun
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes UMR_S 1106, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Temprado
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - S Lee Hong
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
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Keller K, Engelhardt M. Strength and muscle mass loss with aging process. Age and strength loss. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2013; 3:346-350. [PMID: 24596700 PMCID: PMC3940510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND aging process is associated with changes in muscle mass and strength with decline of muscle strength after the 30(th) life year. The aim of this study was to investigate these changes in muscle mass and strength. PATIENTS & METHODS for this analysis 26 participants were subdivided in two groups. Group 1 comprises participants aged <40 years (n=14), group 2 those >40 years (n=12). We assessed anthropometrics, range of motions, leg circumferences and isometric strength values of the knee joints. RESULTS besides comparable anthropometrics, circumferences and strength were higher in group 1 than in group 2. Circumference of upper leg (20 cm above knee articular space) showed for right leg a trend to a significant (median: 54.45 cm (1(st) quartile: 49.35/3(rd) quartile: 57.78) vs 49.80 cm (49.50/50.75), p=0.0526) and for left leg a significant 54.30 cm (49.28/58.13) vs 49.50 cm (48.00/52.53), p=0.0356) larger circumference in group 1. Isometric strength was in 60° knee flexion significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 for right (729.88N (561.47/862.13) vs 456.92N (304.67/560.12), p=0.00448) and left leg (702.49N (581.36/983.87) vs 528.49N (332.95/648.58), p=0.0234). CONCLUSIONS aging process leads to distinct muscle mass and strength loss. Muscle strength declines from people aged <40 years to those >40 years between 16.6% and 40.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Keller
- Centrum Thrombosis and Haemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Engelhardt
- Department for orthopedics, trauma surgery and hand surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Hong SL, Longo KA, Gosney E, Kopchick JJ. Increased metabolic flexibility and complexity in a long-lived growth hormone insensitive mouse model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:274-81. [PMID: 23788654 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to test whether the "loss of the complexity" hypothesis can be applied to compare the metabolic patterns of mouse models with known differences in metabolic and endocrine function as well as life span. Here, we compare the complexity of locomotor activity and metabolic patterns (energy expenditure, VO₂, and respiratory quotient) of the long-lived growth hormone receptor gene deleted mice (GHR(-/-)) and their wild-type littermates. Using approximate entropy as a measure of complexity, we observed greater metabolic complexity, as indicated by greater irregularity in the physiological fluctuations of the GHR(-/-) mice. Further analysis of the data also revealed lower energy costs of locomotor activity and a stronger relationship between locomotor activity and respiratory quotient in the GHR(-/-) mice relative to controls. These findings suggest underlying differences in metabolic modulation in the GHR(-/-) mice revealed especially through measures of complexity of their time-dependent fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee Hong
- Irvine Hall 246, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701.
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