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Teng C, Meng X, Hu Y, Mao H, Li H, Yang J, Sun T, Meng S, Zong C. Self-Assembled TLR7/8 Agonist-Mannose Conjugate as An Effective Vaccine Adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 RBD Trimer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245466. [PMID: 36559833 PMCID: PMC9785909 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small synthetic TLR7/8-agonists can be used as vaccine adjuvants to enhance cell and humoral-mediated immune responses to specific antigens. Despite their potency, after local injection they can be dispersed to undesired body parts causing high reactogenicity, limiting their clinical applications. Here we describe a vaccination strategy that employs the covalent conjugate of a mannose and TLR7/8 agonist as a vaccine adjuvant to take advantage of mannose binding C-type lectins on dendritic cells to enhance the vaccine's immunogenicity. The mannose-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate can self-assemble into nanoparticles with the hydrophilic mannose on the outside and hydrophobic TLR7/8 agonist inside. Although its ability to stimulate HEK-BlueTM hTLR7/8 cells dropped, it can efficiently stimulate mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as indicated by the up-regulation of CD80 and CD86, and higher cytokine expression levels of TNF-α, IL6, and IL-12p70 than the native TLR7/8 agonist. In vivo, vaccination using the SARS-CoV-2 RBD trimer as the antigen and the conjugate as the adjuvant induced a significantly higher amount of IgG2a. These results suggest that the mannose-TLR7/8-agonist conjugate can be used as an effective vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcai Teng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiongyan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yeqin Hu
- MAXVAX Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Hongzhao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengli Zong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
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Pagni RL, Souza PDC, Pegoraro R, Porchia BFMM, da Silva JR, Aps LRDMM, Silva MDO, Rodrigues KB, Sales NS, Ferreira LCDS, Moreno ACR. Interleukin-6 and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase as potential adjuvant targets for Papillomavirus-related tumors immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005937. [PMID: 36405719 PMCID: PMC9668887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections represent an important public health issue. Nearly all cervical malignancies are associated with HPV, and a range of other female and male cancers, such as anogenital and oropharyngeal. Aiming to treat HPV-related tumors, our group developed vaccines based on the genetic fusion of the HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) with the HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein (gDE7 vaccines). Despite the promising antitumor results reached by gDE7 vaccines in mice, combined therapies may increase the therapeutic effects by improving antitumor responses and halting immune suppressive mechanisms elicited by tumor cells. Considering cancer immunosuppressive mechanisms, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme and interleukin-6 (IL-6) stand out in HPV-related tumors. Since IL-6 sustained the constitutive IDO expression, here we evaluated the therapeutic outcomes achieved by the combination of active immunotherapy based on a gDE7 protein-based vaccine with adjuvant treatments involving blocking IDO, either by use of IDO inhibitors or IL-6 knockout mice. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and transgenic IL-6-/- mice were engrafted with HPV16-E6/E7-expressing TC-1 cells and treated with 1-methyl-tryptophan isoforms (D-1MT and DL-1MT), capable to inhibit IDO. In vitro, the 1MT isoforms reduced IL-6 gene expression and IL-6 secretion in TC-1 cells. In vivo, the multi-targeted treatment improved the antitumor efficacy of the gDE7-based protein vaccine. Although the gDE7 immunization achieves partial tumor mass control in combination with D-1MT or DL-1MT in WT mice or when administered in IL-6-/- mice, the combination of gDE7 and 1MT in IL-6-/- mice further enhanced the antitumor effects, reaching total tumor rejection. The outcome of the combined therapy was associated with an increased frequency of activated dendritic cells and decreased frequencies of intratumoral polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that IL-6 and IDO negatively contribute to the activation of immune cells, particularly dendritic cells, reducing gDE7 vaccine-induced protective immune responses and, therefore, opening perspectives for the use of combined strategies based on inhibition of IL-6 and IDO as immunometabolic adjuvants for immunotherapies against HPV-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Liberato Pagni
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Cruz Souza
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pegoraro
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Felício Milazzotto Maldonado Porchia
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamile Ramos da Silva
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Raposo de Melo Moraes Aps
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariângela de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Bitencourt Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cornelius DC, Cottrell J, Amaral LM, LaMarca B. Inflammatory mediators: a causal link to hypertension during preeclampsia. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1914-1921. [PMID: 30095157 PMCID: PMC6534812 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation, implicating the placenta as a key offender. PE is associated with an imbalance among B lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, NK cells and increased inflammatory cytokines. During early onset PE, trophoblast invasion and placentation are impaired, leading to reduced blood flow to the fetus. In all spectrums of this disorder, a shift towards a pro-inflammatory state where regulatory cells and cytokines are decreased occurs. Specifically, inflammatory CD4+ T-cells and inflammatory cytokines are increased while CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) and immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 are decreased resulting in B cell activation, production of autoantibodies, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension associated with PE. However, the stimulus for these imbalances is unknown and need to be fully understood so that effective treatments that target the pathogenesis of the disease can be designed. Therefore, this review will focus on the pathways involving CD4+ , TH1, TH2, Tregs, TH17s, B cells, and NK cells in the pathophysiology of PE. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Cornelius
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Jesse Cottrell
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA
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Gonçalves E, Bonduelle O, Soria A, Loulergue P, Rousseau A, Cachanado M, Bonnabau H, Thiebaut R, Tchitchek N, Behillil S, van der Werf S, Vogt A, Simon T, Launay O, Combadière B. Innate gene signature distinguishes humoral versus cytotoxic responses to influenza vaccination. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1960-1971. [PMID: 30843873 DOI: 10.1172/jci125372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems vaccinology allows cutting-edge analysis of innate biomarkers of vaccine efficacy. We have been exploring novel strategies to shape the adaptive immune response, by targeting innate immune cells through novel immunization routes. METHODS This randomized phase I/II clinical study (n=60 healthy subjects aged 18-45 years old) used transcriptomic analysis to discover early biomarkers of immune response quality after transcutaneous (t.c.), intradermal (i.d.), and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of a trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV season 2012-2013) (1:1:1 ratio). Safety and immunogenicity (hemagglutinin inhibition (HI), microneutralization (MN) antibodies and CD4, CD8 effector T cells) were measured at baseline Day (D)0 and at D21. Blood transcriptome was analyzed at D0 and D1. RESULTS TIV-specific CD8+GranzymeB+(GRZ) T cells appeared in more individuals immunized by the t.c. and i.d. routes, while immunization by the i.d. and i.m. routes prompted high levels of HI antibody titers and MN against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza viral strains. The early innate gene signature anticipated immunological outcome by discriminating two clusters of individuals with either distinct humoral or CD8 cytotoxic responses. Several pathways explained this dichotomy confirmed by nine genes and serum level of CXCL10 were correlated with either TIV-specific cytotoxic CD8+GRZ+ T-cell or antibody responses. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that these nine genes and serum levels of CXCL10 (D1/D0) best foreseen TIV-specific CD8+GRZ+ T-cell and antibody responses at D21. CONCLUSION This study provides new insight into the impact of immunization routes and innate signature in the quality of adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléna Gonçalves
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Angèle Soria
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Service de Dermatologie et Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Loulergue
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Cochin Pasteur, INSERM CIC 1417, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rousseau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform of East of Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marine Cachanado
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform of East of Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Henri Bonnabau
- INSERM U1219, INRIA SISTM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux France
| | | | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- CEA - Université Paris Sud 11 - INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvie Behillil
- Institut Pasteur, CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Département de Virologie and Centre National de Recherche Scientifique UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Département de Virologie and Centre National de Recherche Scientifique UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Paris, France
| | - Annika Vogt
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France.,Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform of East of Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Cochin Pasteur, INSERM CIC 1417, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Behazine Combadière
- Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses - Paris (Cimi-Paris), INSERM U1135, Paris, France
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5
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Verboogen DRJ, Revelo NH, ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Interleukin-6 secretion is limited by self-signaling in endosomes. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:144-157. [PMID: 30016456 PMCID: PMC6392102 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells producing cytokines often express the receptor for the same cytokine, which makes them prone to autocrine signaling. How cytokine release and signaling are regulated in the same cell is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that signaling by exogenous and self-synthesized inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) within endosomal compartments acts as a cellular brake that limits the synthesis of IL-6. Our data show that IL-6 is internalized by dendritic cells and signals from endosomal compartments containing the IL-6 receptor. Newly synthesized IL-6 also traffics via these endosomal compartments and signals in transit to the plasma membrane. This allows activation of STAT3 which in turn limits toll-like receptor 4 stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered transcription of IL-6. Long-term exposure to LPS removes this brake via inhibition of STAT3 by increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and results in fully fledged IL-6 production. This transient regulation could prevent excessive IL-6 production during early infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle R J Verboogen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Cornelius DC, Castillo J, Porter J, Amaral LM, Campbell N, Paige A, Thomas AJ, Harmon A, Cunningham MW, Wallace K, Herse F, Wallukat G, Dechend R, LaMarca B. Blockade of CD40 ligand for intercellular communication reduces hypertension, placental oxidative stress, and AT1-AA in response to adoptive transfer of CD4+ T lymphocytes from RUPP rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1243-50. [PMID: 26310940 PMCID: PMC4666934 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00273.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with altered immune activation during pregnancy. We have previously shown that adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE increases blood pressure, oxidative stress (ROS), and inflammation in normal pregnant recipient rats. The objective of this study was to determine if blockade of communication via the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction between placental ischemia-induced CD4(+) T cells with endogenous normal pregnant (NP) cells would improve pathophysiology that was previously observed in NP recipient rats of RUPP CD4(+) T cells. Splenic CD4(+) T lymphocytes were magnetically separated, incubated with 2.5 μg/ml anti-CD40 ligand (αCD40L) overnight, and transferred into NP rats on day 12 of gestation (NP+RUPP CD4(+) T+anti-CD40L). On day 19 of gestation, blood pressure (MAP), blood, and tissues were collected. MAP was 99 ± 2 in NP (n = 13), 116 ± 4 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells (n = 7; P < 0.01); MAP only increased to 104 ± 2 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells+CD40L (n = 24) (P < 0.05 vs. NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells). Mechanisms of hypertension in response to RUPP CD4(+) T cells include endothelin-1 (ET-1), ROS, and angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1-AA) were analyzed. Inhibition of CD40L binding reduced placental ET-1 to 2.3-fold above NP rats and normalized placental ROS from 318.6 ± 89 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.05) to 118.7 ± 24 in NP+RUPP CD4(+) T+anti-CD40L (P < 0.05). AT1-AA was also normalized with inhibition of CD40L. These data suggest that placental ischemia-induced T-cell communication via the CD40L is one important mechanism leading to much of the pathophysiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Javier Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Justin Porter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Nathan Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adrienne Paige
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexia J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashlyn Harmon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kedra Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Gerd Wallukat
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; and HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi;
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Ssemakalu CC, Ubomba-Jaswa E, Motaung KS, Pillay M. The Effect of Solar Irradiated Vibrio cholerae on the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines by the JAWS II Dendritic Cell Line In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130190. [PMID: 26066787 PMCID: PMC4465907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of solar irradiation to sterilize water prior to its consumption has resulted in the reduction of water related illnesses in waterborne disease endemic communities worldwide. Currently, research on solar water disinfection (SODIS) has been directed towards understanding the underlying mechanisms through which solar irradiation inactivates the culturability of microorganisms in water, enhancement of the disinfection process, and the health impact of SODIS water consumption. However, the immunological consequences of SODIS water consumption have not been explored. In this study, we investigated the effect that solar irradiated V. cholerae may have had on the secretion of cytokines and chemokines by the JAWS II dendritic cell line in vitro. The JAWS II dendritic cell line was stimulated with the different strains of V. cholerae that had been: (i) prepared in PBS, (ii) inactivated through a combination of heat and chemical, (iii) solar irradiated, and (iv) non-solar irradiated, in bottled water. As controls, LPS (1 μg/ml) and CTB (1 μg/ml) were used as stimulants. After 48 hours of stimulation the tissue culture media from each treatment was qualitatively and quantitatively analysed for the presence of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-2, RANTES, TNF-α, IL-23 and IL-27. Results showed that solar irradiated cultures of V. cholerae induced dendritic cells to secrete significant (p<0.05) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in comparison to the unstimulated dendritic cells. Furthermore, the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by the dendritic cells in response to solar irradiated cultures of V. cholerae was not as high as observed in treatments involving non-solar irradiated cultures of V. cholerae or LPS. Our results suggest that solar irradiated microorganisms are capable of inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This novel finding is key towards understanding the possible immunological consequences of consuming SODIS treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Cano Ssemakalu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Keolebogile Shirley Motaung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Arcadia Campus, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Michael Pillay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, Gauteng, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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8
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Boulet S, Daudelin JF, Labrecque N. IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 is a key in vivo signal for CD8+ short-lived effector T cell differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1847-54. [PMID: 25015830 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During infection or vaccination, only a small proportion of CD8(+) T cells differentiate into memory cells. The mechanisms underlying the differentiation of CD8(+) T cells into short-lived effector cells (SLECs) or memory precursor effector cells are poorly defined. It was recently shown in infectious models that the transcriptional repressor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) enhances the formation of SLECs. The factors controlling Blimp-1 expression leading to the in vivo formation of SLECs are still not known. However, it has been shown that cytokines such as IL-2 induce Blimp-1 expression in vitro. In this study, we took advantage of the low-inflammation model of dendritic cell immunization to study the role of the IL-2/Blimp-1 axis in SLEC differentiation as well as the importance of Blimp-1 expression in memory precursor effector cells for proper CD8(+) memory generation. Our results show that Blimp-1 deficiency affects effector differentiation and function in the absence of inflammation. Unexpectedly, memory generation was not affected in Blimp-1-deficient OT-I cells responding to vaccination. In addition, modulation of the bioavailability of IL-2 by injection either of a blocking Ab or of the cytokine, demonstrates a link between IL-2, Blimp-1 induction, and SLEC formation in wild-type cells. Conversely, injection of IL-2 had less effect on Blimp-1-deficient CD8(+) T cells, indicating that the effect of IL-2 on in vivo SLEC differentiation is mediated by Blimp-1. In conclusion, IL-2 induction of Blimp-1 expression is a key regulator of SLEC differentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salix Boulet
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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9
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Heinrich B, Goepfert K, Delic M, Galle PR, Moehler M. Influence of the oncolytic parvovirus H-1, CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab and cytostatic drugs on the human immune system in a human in vitro model of colorectal cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1119-27. [PMID: 23986643 PMCID: PMC3754820 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s49371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor-directed and immune-system-stimulating therapies are of special interest in cancer treatment. Here, we demonstrate the potential of parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) to efficiently kill colorectal cancer cells and induce immunogenicity of colorectal tumors by inducing maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) alone and also in combination with cytostatic drugs in vitro. Using our cell culture model, we have additionally investigated the effects of anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) receptor antibody tremelimumab on this process. Materials and methods Colon carcinoma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of cytostatic drugs or tremelimumab or were infected with H-1PV in different multiplicities of infection (MOIs), and viability was determined using MTT assays. Expression of CTLA-4 in colon carcinoma cell lines was measured by FACScan™. For the coculture model, we isolated monocytes using adherence, and differentiation into immature DCs (iDCs) was stimulated using interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Maturation of iDCs into mature DCs (mDCs) was induced by a cytokine cocktail. SW480 colon carcinoma cells were infected with H-1PV or treated with cytostatic drugs. Drug treated and H-1PV-infected SW480 colon carcinoma cells were cocultured with iDCs and expression of maturation markers was measured using FACScan™. Cytokine measurements were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Colon carcinoma cells SW480 were potently infected and killed by H-1PV. CTLA-4 expression in SW480 cells increased after infection with H-1PV and also after treatment with cytostatic drugs. Tremelimumab had no influence on viability of the colon carcinoma cell line. There was no maturation of iDCs after coculture with SW480; instead, H-1PV-infected or drug pretreated SW480 induced maturation. Cytokine production was higher for H-1PV-infected cells but was not significantly enhanced by tremelimumab treatment alone or in combination. Addition of tremelimumab did not interfere with the maturation process as measured by markers of maturation as well as by determination of cytokine levels. Conclusion By enhancing both cell death and immunogenicity of tumors, H-1PV is of special interest for tumor-directed therapy. These features make it a promising candidate for clinical application in human colorectal cancer. As tremelimumab does not significantly interfere with this process, an interesting therapeutic combination of active enhancement of tumor immunogenicity and independent masking of the CTLA-4 silencing process on tumor cells is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Heinrich
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Langenbeckstrasse, Mainz, Germany
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