1
|
Wang L, Wei Y, Sun Z, Tai W, Li H, Yin Y, Jiang LH, Wang JZ. Effectiveness and mechanisms of combined use of antioxidant nutrients in protecting against oxidative stress-induced neuronal loss and related neurological deficits. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14886. [PMID: 39072940 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a well-known pathological factor driving neuronal loss and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Melatonin, coenzyme Q10 and lecithin are three common nutrients with an antioxidative capacity. Here, we examined the effectiveness of them administrated individually and in combination in protecting against oxidative stress-induced neuronal death in vitro, and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and associated deficits in vivo. METHODS Mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cells were exposed with H2O2 for 6 h, and subsequently treated with melatonin, coenzyme Q10, and lecithin alone or in combination for further 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Eight-week-old male mice were intraperitoneally injected with D-(+)-galactose for 10 weeks and administrated with melatonin, coenzyme Q10, lecithin, or in combination for 5 weeks starting from the sixth week, followed by behavioral tests to assess the effectiveness in mitigating neurological deficits, and biochemical assays to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Exposure to H2O2 significantly reduced the viability of N2a cells and increased oxidative stress and tau phosphorylation, all of which were alleviated by treatment with melatonin, coenzyme Q10, lecithin alone, and, most noticeably, by combined treatment. Administration of mice with D-(+)-galactose-induced oxidative stress and tau phosphorylation, brain aging, impairments in learning and memory, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and such detrimental effects were mitigated by melatonin, coenzyme Q10, lecithin alone, and, most consistently, by combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that targeting oxidative stress via supplementation of antioxidant nutrients, particularly in combination, is a better strategy to alleviate oxidative stress-mediated neuronal loss and brain dysfunction due to age-related neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yingjuan Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Zhenzhou Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenya Tai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh B, Day CM, Abdella S, Garg S. Alzheimer's disease current therapies, novel drug delivery systems and future directions for better disease management. J Control Release 2024; 367:402-424. [PMID: 38286338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a neurodegenerative disorder that escalates with time, exerting a significant impact on physical and mental health and leading to death. The prevalence of AD is progressively rising along with its associated economic burden and necessitates effective therapeutic approaches in the near future. This review paper aims to offer an insightful overview of disease pathogenesis, current FDA-approved drugs, and drugs in different clinical phases. It also explores innovative formulations and drug delivery strategies, focusing on nanocarriers and long-acting medications (LAMs) to enhance treatment efficacy and patient adherence. The review also emphasizes preclinical evidence related to nanocarriers and their potential to improve drug bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics parameters, while also highlighting their ability to minimize systemic side effects. By providing a comprehensive analysis, this review furnishes valuable insights into different pathophysiological mechanisms for future drug development. It aims to inform the development of treatment strategies and innovative formulation approaches for delivering existing molecules in Alzheimer's disease, ultimately striving to improve patient compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Singh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Candace M Day
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sadikalmahdi Abdella
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khaled M, Al-Jamal H, Tajer L, El-Mir R. Alzheimer's Disease in Lebanon: Exploring Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors-A Comprehensive Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:21-40. [PMID: 38640157 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that displays a high prevalence in Lebanon causing a local burden in healthcare and socio-economic sectors. Unfortunately, the lack of prevalence studies and clinical trials in Lebanon minimizes the improvement of AD patient health status. In this review, we include over 155 articles to cover the different aspects of AD ranging from mechanisms to possible treatment and management tools. We highlight some important modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of the disease including genetics, age, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, etc. Finally, we propose a hypothetical genetic synergy model between APOE4 and TREM2 genes which constitutes a potential early diagnostic tool that helps in reducing the risk of AD based on preventative measures decades before cognitive decline. The studies on AD in Lebanon and the Middle East are scarce. This review points out the importance of genetic mapping in the understanding of disease pathology which is crucial for the emergence of novel diagnostic tools. Hence, we establish a rigid basis for further research to identify the most influential genetic and environmental risk factors for the purpose of using more specific diagnostic tools and possibly adopting a local management protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Al-Jamal
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Layla Tajer
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Reem El-Mir
- Faculty of Public Health III, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Safieh M, Liraz O, Ovadia M, Michaelson D. The Role of Impaired Receptor Trafficking in Mediating the Pathological Effects of APOE4 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:753-775. [PMID: 38217595 PMCID: PMC10894586 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor of Alzheimer's disease. Several studies suggest that APOE4 binding to its receptors is associated with their internalization and accumulation in intracellular compartments. Importantly, this phenomenon also occurs with other, non-ApoE receptors. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that APOE4 pathological effects are mediated by impairment in the life cycle of distinct receptors (APOER2, LRP1, IR, VEGFR). OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of APOE genotype on receptors protein levels and compartmentalization. METHODS Primary mouse neurons were prepared from APOE3 or APOE4 targeted replacement mice, or APOE-KO mice. Specific receptors protein levels were evaluated in these neurons, utilizing immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, surface membrane protein levels of those receptors were assessed by cell surface biotinylation assay and ELISA. Receptors' colocalization with intracellular compartments was assessed by double staining and confocal microscopy, followed by colocalization analysis. Finally, LRP1 or APOER2 were knocked-down with CRISPR/Cas9 system to examine their role in mediating APOE4 effects on the receptors. RESULTS Our results revealed lower receptors' levels in APOE4, specifically on the membrane surface. Additionally, APOE4 affects the compartmentation of these receptors in two patterns: the first was observed with LRP1 and was associated with decreased receptor levels in numerous intracellular compartments. The second was obtained with the other receptors and was associated with their accumulation in early endosomes and their decrease in the late endosomes. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a unifying mechanism, in which APOE4 drives the down regulation of various receptors, which plays important roles in distinct APOE4 related pathological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Safieh
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Liraz
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Ovadia
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danny Michaelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Sagol School of Neurosciences, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu JJ, Wei Z. Advances in the study of the effects of gut microflora on microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1295916. [PMID: 38098943 PMCID: PMC10720669 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1295916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disorder, is caused by various factors including β-amyloid toxicity, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and others. The dysfunction of microglia has been associated with the onset and advancement of different neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. The gut of mammals harbors a vast and complex population of microorganisms, commonly referred to as the microbiota. There's a growing recognition that these gut microbes are intrinsically intertwined with mammalian physiology. Through the circulation of metabolites, they establish metabolic symbiosis, enhance immune function, and establish communication with different remote cells, including those in the brain. The gut microbiome plays a crucial part in influencing the development and performance of microglia, as indicated by recent preclinical studies. Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora leads to alterations in the microglia transcriptome that regulate the interconversion of microglia subtypes. This conversation explores recent research that clarifies how gut bacteria, their byproducts, and harmful elements affect the activation and characteristics of microglia. This understanding opens doors to innovative microbial-based therapeutic strategies for early identification and treatment goals in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Breast Oncology, Lishui University Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alatrany AS, Khan W, Hussain AJ, Mustafina J, Al-Jumeily D. Transfer Learning for Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Genome Wide Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:2700-2711. [PMID: 37018274 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3233869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of brain disorder that is regarded as a degenerative disease because the corresponding symptoms aggravate with the time progression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified as relevant biomarkers for this condition. This study aims to identify SNPs biomarkers associated with the AD in order to perform a reliable classification of AD. In contrast to existing related works, we utilize deep transfer learning with varying experimental analysis for reliable classification of AD. For this purpose, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) are firstly trained over the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dataset requested from the AD neuroimaging initiative. We then employ the deep transfer learning for further training of our CNN (as base model) over a different AD GWAS dataset, to extract the final set of features. The extracted features are then fed into Support Vector Machine for classification of AD. Detailed experiments are performed using multiple datasets and varying experimental configurations. The statistical outcomes indicate an accuracy of 89% which is a significant improvement when benchmarked with existing related works.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan S, Huang X, Zhang L, Ling Y, Tan S, Peng M, Xu A, Lyu J. Associations of air pollution with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study based on 437,932 participants from the UK biobank. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1216686. [PMID: 37600021 PMCID: PMC10436530 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1216686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To prospectively assess whether air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, and NOx, is associated with the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia, and to investigate the potential relationship between air pollution and genetic susceptibility in the development of AD. Methods and results Our study included 437,932 participants from the UK Biobank with a median follow-up period of over 10 years. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that participants exposed to PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 had a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia (HR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05-1.28; p < 0.05) compared to the group exposed to PM2.5 levels of <10 μg/m3. However, there was no significant association between PM10 levels of ≥15 μg/m3 and the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, or vascular dementia when compared to the group exposed to PM10 levels of <15 μg/m3. On the other hand, participants exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02-1.26; p < 0.05) and AD (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08-1.48; p < 0.05) compared to the group exposed to NOx levels of <50 μg/m3. Furthermore, we examined the combined effect of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and NOx) and Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score (AD-GRS) on the development of AD using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among participants with a high AD-GRS, those exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of AD compared to those in the group exposed to NOx levels of <50 μg/m3 (HR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18; p < 0.05). Regardless of air pollutant levels (PM2.5, PM10, or NOx), participants with a high AD-GRS had a significantly increased risk of developing AD. Similar results were obtained when assessing multiple variables using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Conclusion Our findings indicate that individuals living in areas with PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 or NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 are at a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia. Moreover, individuals with a high AD-GRS demonstrated an increased risk of developing AD, particularly in the presence of NOx ≥ 50 μg/m3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chua JJE. HEBP1 - An early trigger for neuronal cell death and circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:102-110. [PMID: 35842370 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that gradually impairs memory, cognition and the ability to perform simple daily tasks. It is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly and its incidence increases exponentially with age. Neuronal and synapse loss, key hallmarks of the disorder, are widely regarded to occur early during the onset of AD, and the extent of this loss closely correlates with the progression of cognitive decline and dysfunction of the underlying neuronal circuity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms driving neuronal and synapse loss during early AD remains poorly understood. This review focuses on Heme-binding protein 1 (HEBP1), a mitochondrial-associated protein that has recently emerged as an important mediator of neuronal cell death during early AD pathogenesis. Acting downstream of Aβ and heme, HEBP1-mediated apoptosis contributes to neuronal loss and neuronal circuit dysfunction. Deleting HEBP1 expression in neurons protects them from heme- and Aβ-induced apoptosis, both of which are mechanisms implicated in neurodegeneration. HEBP1 participates in heme metabolism and binds to heme to modulate mitochondrial dynamics vital to the maintenance of neural circuitry that is affected in AD. HEBP1 elevation is also associated with AGE/RAGE-related neuronal damage, further implicating its involvement in neuronal loss during early AD. Moreover, F2L, a cleavage product of HEBP1 modulates inflammation. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of HEBP1 in the disruption of neural circuits during early AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Jia En Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; LSI Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neuroprotective Effect of α-Lipoic Acid against Aβ 25-35-Induced Damage in BV2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031168. [PMID: 36770835 PMCID: PMC9919339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly increasing due to the aging world population, and the currently available drug treatments cannot cure or even slow its progression. α-lipoic acid (LA) is a biological factor widely found in spinach and meat and can dissolve in both lipid and aqueous phases. In medicine, LA has been shown to reduce the symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy, acute kidney injury, cancers, and some metabolism-related diseases. This study to proves that α-lipoic acid (LA) can stabilize the cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). BV2 cells were divided into control, LA, Aβ25-35, and LA + Aβ25-35 groups. Cell growth; IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, SOD, GPx, CAT, ROS, NO, and iNOS secretion; Wnt-related proteins; cell apoptosis; and cell activation were examined. Here, we found that LA could effectively repress apoptosis and changes in the morphology of microglia BV2 cells activated by Aβ25-35, accompanied by the inhibition of the inflammatory response induced by Aβ25-35. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is also involved in preventing Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity in microglia by LA. We found an inhibitory effect of LA on microglia toxicity induced by Aβ25-35, suggesting that a combination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances may offer a promising approach to the treatment of AD.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mumtaz I, Ayaz MO, Khan MS, Manzoor U, Ganayee MA, Bhat AQ, Dar GH, Alghamdi BS, Hashem AM, Dar MJ, Ashraf GM, Maqbool T. Clinical relevance of biomarkers, new therapeutic approaches, and role of post-translational modifications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:977411. [PMID: 36158539 PMCID: PMC9490081 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.977411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive loss of cognitive functions like thinking, memory, reasoning, behavioral abilities, and social skills thus affecting the ability of a person to perform normal daily functions independently. There is no definitive cure for this disease, and treatment options available for the management of the disease are not very effective as well. Based on histopathology, AD is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although several molecular events contribute to the formation of these insoluble deposits, the aberrant post-translational modifications (PTMs) of AD-related proteins (like APP, Aβ, tau, and BACE1) are also known to be involved in the onset and progression of this disease. However, early diagnosis of the disease as well as the development of effective therapeutic approaches is impeded by lack of proper clinical biomarkers. In this review, we summarized the current status and clinical relevance of biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and extracellular vesicles involved in onset and progression of AD. Moreover, we highlight the effects of several PTMs on the AD-related proteins, and provide an insight how these modifications impact the structure and function of proteins leading to AD pathology. Finally, for disease-modifying therapeutics, novel approaches, and targets are discussed for the successful treatment and management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtisam Mumtaz
- Laboratory of Nanotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mir Owais Ayaz
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Centre for Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Mohamad Sultan Khan
- Neurobiology and Molecular Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Umar Manzoor
- Laboratory of Immune and Inflammatory Disease, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Mohd Azhardin Ganayee
- Laboratory of Nanotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Aadil Qadir Bhat
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Centre for Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Hassan Dar
- Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Jamal Dar
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
- Centre for Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Utter Pradesh, India
| | - Gulam Md. Ashraf
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Maqbool
- Laboratory of Nanotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Relationship between parental history of dementia, motor-cognitive and executive function performance in African American women. J Neurol Sci 2022; 439:120305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Bowers Z, Maiti P, Bourcier A, Morse J, Jenrow K, Rossignol J, Dunbar GL. Tart Cherry Extract and Omega Fatty Acids Reduce Behavioral Deficits, Gliosis, and Amyloid-Beta Deposition in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111423. [PMID: 34827424 PMCID: PMC8615742 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined treatments using polyphenols and omega fatty acids provide several therapeutic benefits for a variety of age-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we found a commercial product, Total Body Rhythm (TBR), consisting of tart cherry extract, a potent polyphenol, and omega fatty acids, significantly reduced memory, and neuropathological deficits in the 192 IgG-saporin mouse model of AD. The present study assessed the efficacy of TBR for treating behavioral and neuropathological deficits in the 5xFAD model of AD. Both 6- and 12-month-old 5xFAD mice and age-matched wild-type controls received TBR (60 mg/kg) or the equivalent dose of vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose) via oral administration, every other day for two months. All mice were tested in the open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR), and the Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. In addition, neuronal morphology, neurodegeneration, Aβ plaque load, and glial activation were assessed. TBR treatment reduced memory deficits in the MWM and NOR tests and lessened anxiety levels in the OF task, mostly in the 6-month-old male mice. TBR also protected against neuron loss, reduced activation of astrocytes and microglia, primarily in 6-month-old mice, and attenuated Aβ deposition. These results suggest that the combination of tart cherry extract and omega fatty acids in TBR can reduce AD-like deficits in 5xFAD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zackary Bowers
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 58859, USA; (Z.B.); (P.M.); (K.J.); (J.R.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Saginaw, MI 48710, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Panchanan Maiti
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 58859, USA; (Z.B.); (P.M.); (K.J.); (J.R.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Saginaw, MI 48710, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Field Neuroscience Institute Laboratory of Restorative Neurology, Ascension St. Mary’s Hospital, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA
| | - Ali Bourcier
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Saginaw, MI 48710, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Jarod Morse
- College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Saginaw, MI 48710, USA; (A.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Kenneth Jenrow
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 58859, USA; (Z.B.); (P.M.); (K.J.); (J.R.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 58859, USA; (Z.B.); (P.M.); (K.J.); (J.R.)
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Gary L. Dunbar
- Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 58859, USA; (Z.B.); (P.M.); (K.J.); (J.R.)
- Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Field Neuroscience Institute Laboratory of Restorative Neurology, Ascension St. Mary’s Hospital, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(989)-774-3282
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Jakaria M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Barreto GE, Perveen A, Hafeez A, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Exploring the Potential of Neuroproteomics in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2263-2278. [PMID: 32493192 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200603112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive brain amyloidosis that damages brain regions associated with memory, thinking, behavioral and social skills. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau inclusions as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and buildup of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide as senile plaques. Several biomarker tests capturing these pathologies have been developed. However, for the full clinical expression of the neurodegenerative events of AD, there exist other central molecular pathways. In terms of understanding the unidentified underlying processes for the progression and development of AD, a complete comprehension of the structure and composition of atypical aggregation of proteins is essential. Presently, to aid the prognosis, diagnosis, detection, and development of drug targets in AD, neuroproteomics is elected as one of the leading essential tools for the efficient exploratory discovery of prospective biomarker candidates estimated to play a crucial role. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the role of neuroproteomics to analyze the complexity of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jakaria
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pei X, Hu F, Luo F, Huang X, Li X, Xing S, Long D. The neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease in PC12 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:285-294. [PMID: 34133789 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the growth of the aging population, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased and influenced the work and daily life of AD patients, imposing a heavy burden on society and the patients' families. AD is a progressive disease with a long duration, and the pathogenesis is very complicated. Here, we found that alpha-lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous, naturally synthesized compound, could attenuate amyloid beta fragment (Aβ25-35 )-induced PC12 cell toxicity. Aβ25-35 treatment largely decreased the viability of PC12 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, which were accompanied by changes in the expression of the apoptosis-related genes. Further, the Wnt pathway was inactivated, and the expression of Wnt pathway-related proteins such as Frizzled2, GSK3β, and phosphorylated GSK3β were dysregulated after Aβ25-35 treatment. LA efficiently attenuated Aβ25-35 -induced PC12 cell apoptosis and downregulated the phosphorylation-mediated degradation of β-catenin as well as GSK3β. Our results demonstrate that LA rescues Aβ25-35 -induced neurocytotoxicity through the Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Pei
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Hu
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Feiya Luo
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglu Huang
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuxia Xing
- Institute for Food and Cosmetics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Azar J, Salama M, Chidambaram SB, Al‐Balushi B, Essa MM, Qoronfleh MW. Precision health in Alzheimer disease: Risk assessment‐based strategies. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Azar
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I‐GHHE) The American University in Cairo (AUC) Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (I‐GHHE) The American University in Cairo (AUC) Cairo Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Mysuru India
| | - Buthaina Al‐Balushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI) Research & Policy Division Ypsilanti Michigan USA
- 21 Health Street, Consulting Services London UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen S, Mima D, Jin H, Dan Q, Wang F, Cai J, Shi L, Wang H, Du A, Tang Y, Sun Y. The Association between Neprilysin gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in Tibetan population. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02002. [PMID: 33314757 PMCID: PMC7994707 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known neurodegenerative disease, of which the hallmark is the disposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of plaque in the brain. Neprilysin (NEP) is the major enzyme to degrade Aβ and prevent accumulation of Aβ. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the correlation between the NEP gene polymorphisms and AD in Chinese Tibetan population. METHODS Ninety-nine sporadic AD Tibetan patients and 113 healthy Tibetan controls were enrolled in this study. The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of multiple NEP gene loci were analyzed using the case-control association analysis. RESULTS No significant correlation was found between polymorphisms of NEP gene loci (rs9829757, rs1816558, rs6776185, rs3736187, rs701109, rs989692) and the occurrence of AD in Tibetan population. However, allele C of NEP gene locus (rs701109) and allele T of gene locus (rs3736187) were possible risk factors of male AD patients in Tibetan population. CONCLUSIONS NEP gene loci (rs701109, rs989692, rs9829757, rs3736187, rs1816558, rs6776185) were polymorphic in Tibetan population. No difference was found between these loci but for that male gender combined with allele C of NEP gene locus (rs701109) and T of gene locus (rs3736187) might be risk factors for AD in Tibet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dunzhu Mima
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qu Dan
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Harbin Medical University First Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Neurology, Harbin Medical University First Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Shenzhen BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ailian Du
- Department of Neurology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, Harbin Medical University First Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uddin MS, Hasana S, Hossain MF, Islam MS, Behl T, Perveen A, Hafeez A, Ashraf GM. Molecular Genetics of Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:43-52. [PMID: 33231156 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666201123112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and this complex disorder is associated with environmental as well as genetic factors. Early-onset AD (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD, more common) are major identified types of AD. The genetics of EOAD is extensively understood, with three gene variants such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 leading to the disease. Some common alleles, including APOE, are effectively associated with LOAD identified, but the genetics of LOAD is not clear to date. It has been accounted that about 5-10% of EOAD patients can be explained through mutations in the three familiar genes of EOAD. The APOE ε4 allele augmented the severity of EOAD risk in carriers, and the APOE ε4 allele was considered as a hallmark of EOAD. A great number of EOAD patients, who are not genetically explained, indicate that it is not possible to identify disease-triggering genes yet. Although several genes have been identified by using the technology of next-generation sequencing in EOAD families, including SORL1, TYROBP, and NOTCH3. A number of TYROBP variants are identified through exome sequencing in EOAD patients and these TYROBP variants may increase the pathogenesis of EOAD. The existence of the ε4 allele is responsible for increasing the severity of EOAD. However, several ε4 allele carriers propose the presence of other LOAD genetic as well as environmental risk factors that are not identified yet. It is urgent to find out missing genetics of EOAD and LOAD etiology to discover new potential genetic facets which will assist in understanding the pathological mechanism of AD. These investigations should contribute to developing a new therapeutic candidate for alleviating, reversing and preventing AD. This article, based on current knowledge, represents the overview of the susceptible genes of EOAD, and LOAD. Next, we represent the probable molecular mechanism that might elucidate the genetic etiology of AD and highlight the role of massively parallel sequencing technologies for novel gene discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharifa Hasana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Asma Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jackson JM, Bay AA, Barter JD, Ni L, Caudle WM, Serra MC, Wharton W, Hackney ME. The Role of Nutrition and Inflammation on Cognition in a High-Risk Group for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:345-352. [PMID: 33024941 PMCID: PMC7504978 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Treatments are necessary to target people at high risk for AD. Inflammation, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), appears to be an important marker associated with the development of AD pathophysiology. Consuming a high-fat diet induces tissue expression of TNFα. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between nutrition, circulating inflammation, and cognition in African American women (age: M = 59.5 (±8.20) [42–73] years) at risk for developing AD. Methods: Participants were split into high-fat and low-fat groups based on total dietary fat consumption self-reported on the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative Food Frequency Questionnaire (Delta NIRI FFQ). Results: A high-fat diet was associated with increased blood serum TNFα (p = 0.02) compared to the low-fat diet. In addition, global cognition scores were 9.0% better in those who consumed a higher fat diet (p = 0.04). No significant differences across groups were noted for executive function, dual-tasking, and visuospatial performance. Conclusion: These results indicate that there may be multiple biological pathways involved in AD development, suggesting the need for more holistic approaches to mitigate AD-development risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Jackson
- Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allison A Bay
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jolie Denise Barter
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liang Ni
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William Michael Caudle
- Emory University's Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica C Serra
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,San Antonio Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Madeleine E Hackney
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qin Q, Yin Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Tang Y, Jia J. Gene mutations associated with early onset familial Alzheimer's disease in China: An overview and current status. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1443. [PMID: 32767553 PMCID: PMC7549583 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of three causative genes, namely presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP), have been identified as the major causes of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD). The prevalence of causative gene mutations in patients with EOFAD has been reported in previous studies worldwide but remains unclear in China. The patients with these known mutations always show considerable clinical phenotypic variability. However, to date, there have been no detailed descriptions of the clinical phenotypes associated with these Chinese EOFAD mutations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe all of the known mutations in three EOFAD causative genes and genotype-phenotype correlations in Chinese patients with EOFAD. METHOD We systematically searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI, VIP, and WAN-FANG databases to find Chinese EOFAD mutations in reports from inception through May 2020. RESULT We identified 31 studies reporting mutations of three causative genes in China. 10 mutations in APP gene, 27 mutations in PSEN1 gene and six mutations in PSEN2 were discovered in Chinese EOFAD. This review summarized all these probably pathogenic mutations as well as its clinical features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systemic review of causative gene mutations in patients with EOFAD in China. CONCLUSION The analysis of the genetic and clinical phenotype correlations in this review supports the idea that the clinical phenotype might be influenced by specific genetic defects. It also suggests genetic testing and genotype-phenotype correlations are important for the accurate diagnosis and for understanding disease-associated pathways and might also improve disease therapy and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological DisordersDepartment of NeurologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Innovation Center for Neurological DisordersDepartment of NeurologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological DisordersDepartment of NeurologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Innovation Center for Neurological DisordersDepartment of NeurologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological DisordersDepartment of NeurologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological DisordersDepartment of NeurologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive DisordersBeijingChina
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory ImpairmentCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Alzheimer's DiseaseBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jamerlan A, An SSA. The influence of Aβ-dependent and independent pathways on TDP-43 proteinopathy in Alzheimer's disease: a possible connection to LATE-NC. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:161-167. [PMID: 32814257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results from the accumulation of plaques by cleaved Aβ42 peptides as well as neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins. This accumulation triggers a complex cascade of cytotoxic, neuroinflammatory, and oxidative stresses that lead to neuronal death throughout the progression of the disease. Much of research in AD focused on the 2 pathologic proteins. Interestingly, another form of dementia with similar clinical manifestations of AD, but preferentially affected much older individuals, was termed as limbic-predominant age-related transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy (LATE) and involved the cytotoxic intraneuronal deposition of phosphorylated TDP-43. TDP-43 proteinopathy was also found to be involved in AD pathology leading to the possibility that AD and LATE may share a common upstream etiology. This paper discusses the roles molecular pathways known in AD may have on influencing TDP-43 proteinopathy and the development of AD, LATE, or the 2 being comorbid with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Jamerlan
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou J, Chen Y, Meng F, Zhang K, Liu X, Peng G. Presenilin 1 and APP Gene Mutations in Early-Onset AD Families from a Southeast Region of China. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:540-546. [PMID: 32579498 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200624195809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer's Disease (EOFAD) has been reported to be associated with Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), Presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) genes. The spectrum of mutations in Chinese patients with EOFAD was rarely investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the spectrum of mutations in patients with EOFAD in Chinese population. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing and described relevant clinical features in a total of 67 subjects from 3 families with EOFAD. RESULTS A splice mutation (p.S290C) in PSEN1 and a missense mutation (p.V717I) in APP were identified. CONCLUSION The variant p. S290C (c.869-2>G) in PSEN1 in Chinese EOAD family revealed different clinical phenotypes when compared with that of Europeans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Story BD, Miller ME, Bradbury AM, Million ED, Duan D, Taghian T, Faissler D, Fernau D, Beecy SJ, Gray-Edwards HL. Canine Models of Inherited Musculoskeletal and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:80. [PMID: 32219101 PMCID: PMC7078110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human disease remain the bread and butter of modern biology and therapeutic discovery. Nonetheless, more often than not mouse models do not reproduce the pathophysiology of the human conditions they are designed to mimic. Naturally occurring large animal models have predominantly been found in companion animals or livestock because of their emotional or economic value to modern society and, unlike mice, often recapitulate the human disease state. In particular, numerous models have been discovered in dogs and have a fundamental role in bridging proof of concept studies in mice to human clinical trials. The present article is a review that highlights current canine models of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, degenerative myelopathy, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, globoid cell leukodystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis, and fucosidosis. The goal of the review is to discuss canine and human neurodegenerative pathophysiologic similarities, introduce the animal models, and shed light on the ability of canine models to facilitate current and future treatment trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Story
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew E. Miller
- Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Allison M. Bradbury
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily D. Million
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Toloo Taghian
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Dominik Faissler
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Deborah Fernau
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sidney J. Beecy
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Heather L. Gray-Edwards
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chakari-Khiavi F, Dolati S, Chakari-Khiavi A, Abbaszadeh H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Pourlak T, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Prospects for the application of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Life Sci 2019; 231:116564. [PMID: 31202840 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a dementia and neurodegenerative disease, is mostly prevalent among people more than 65 years. AD is mostly manifested in the form of degraded mental function, such as losing memory and impaired cognitive function. Due to inefficiency of traditional pharmacological therapeutic approaches with no long-term cure, cell therapy can be considered as a capable approach in AD management. Therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have provided hopeful results in experimental models regarding several disorders. MSCs enhance the levels of functional recoveries in pathologic experimental models of central nervous system (CNS) and are being investigated in clinical trials in neurological disorders. However, there is limited knowledge on the protective capabilities of MSCs in AD management. Almost, several experiments have suggested positive effects of MSCs and helped to better understand of AD-related dementia mechanism. MSCs have the potential to be used in AD treatment through amyloid-β peptide (AB), Tau protein and cholinergic system. This review aimed to clarify the promising perspective of MSCs in the context of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Chakari-Khiavi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Dolati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aref Chakari-Khiavi
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Pourlak
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran..
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ebbert MTW, Jensen TD, Jansen-West K, Sens JP, Reddy JS, Ridge PG, Kauwe JSK, Belzil V, Pregent L, Carrasquillo MM, Keene D, Larson E, Crane P, Asmann YW, Ertekin-Taner N, Younkin SG, Ross OA, Rademakers R, Petrucelli L, Fryer JD. Systematic analysis of dark and camouflaged genes reveals disease-relevant genes hiding in plain sight. Genome Biol 2019; 20:97. [PMID: 31104630 PMCID: PMC6526621 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human genome contains "dark" gene regions that cannot be adequately assembled or aligned using standard short-read sequencing technologies, preventing researchers from identifying mutations within these gene regions that may be relevant to human disease. Here, we identify regions with few mappable reads that we call dark by depth, and others that have ambiguous alignment, called camouflaged. We assess how well long-read or linked-read technologies resolve these regions. RESULTS Based on standard whole-genome Illumina sequencing data, we identify 36,794 dark regions in 6054 gene bodies from pathways important to human health, development, and reproduction. Of these gene bodies, 8.7% are completely dark and 35.2% are ≥ 5% dark. We identify dark regions that are present in protein-coding exons across 748 genes. Linked-read or long-read sequencing technologies from 10x Genomics, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies reduce dark protein-coding regions to approximately 50.5%, 35.6%, and 9.6%, respectively. We present an algorithm to resolve most camouflaged regions and apply it to the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. We rescue a rare ten-nucleotide frameshift deletion in CR1, a top Alzheimer's disease gene, found in disease cases but not in controls. CONCLUSIONS While we could not formally assess the association of the CR1 frameshift mutation with Alzheimer's disease due to insufficient sample-size, we believe it merits investigating in a larger cohort. There remain thousands of potentially important genomic regions overlooked by short-read sequencing that are largely resolved by long-read technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. W. Ebbert
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Tanner D. Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | | | - Jonathon P. Sens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Joseph S. Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Veronique Belzil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Luc Pregent
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | | | - Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Eric Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Paul Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Yan W. Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | | | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - John D. Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wright SM, Jensen SL, Cockriel KL, Davis B, Tschanz JT, Munger RG, Corcoran CD, Kauwe JSK. Association study of rs3846662 with Alzheimer's disease in a population-based cohort: the Cache County Study. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:242.e1-242.e6. [PMID: 30975575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase is associated with monitoring cholesterol levels. The presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3846662 introduces alternative splicing at exon 13; the exclusion of this exon leads to a reduction in total cholesterol levels. Lower cholesterol levels are linked to a reduction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The major allele of rs3846662, which encourages the splicing of exon 13, has recently been shown to act as a preventative allele for AD, especially in women. The purpose of our research was to replicate and confirm this finding. Using logistic regressions and survival curves, we found a significant association between AD and rs3846662, with a stronger association in individuals who carry the APOE e4 allele, supporting previously published work. The effect of rs3846662 on women is insignificant in our cohort. We confirmed that rs3846662 is associated with reduced risk for AD without gender differences; however, we failed to detect association between rs3846662 and delayed mild cognitive impairment conversion to AD for either of the APOE e4 allelic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sage M Wright
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Davis
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - JoAnn T Tschanz
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ronald G Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cannon-Albright LA, Dintelman S, Maness T, Cerny J, Thomas A, Backus S, Farnham JM, Teerlink CC, Contreras J, Kauwe JSK, Meyer LJ. Population genealogy resource shows evidence of familial clustering for Alzheimer disease. Neurol Genet 2018; 4:e249. [PMID: 30109265 PMCID: PMC6089693 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show the potential of a resource consisting of a genealogy of the US record linked to National Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patient data for investigation of the genetic contribution to health-related phenotypes, we present an analysis of familial clustering of VHA patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Patients with AD were identified by the International Classification of Diseases code. The Genealogical Index of Familiality method was used to compare the average relatedness of VHA patients with AD with expected relatedness. Relative risks for AD were estimated in first- to fifth- degree relatives of patients with AD using population rates for AD. RESULTS Evidence for significant excess relatedness and significantly elevated risks for AD in relatives was observed; multiple pedigrees with a significant excess of VHA patients with AD were identified. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of AD shows the nascent power of the US Veterans Genealogy Resource, in early stages, to provide evidence for familial clustering of multiple phenotypes, and shows the utility of this VHA genealogic resource for future genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Anne Cannon-Albright
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Sue Dintelman
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Tim Maness
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Johni Cerny
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Alun Thomas
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Steven Backus
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - James Michael Farnham
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Craig Carl Teerlink
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Jorge Contreras
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| | - Laurence J Meyer
- Genetic Epidemiology Program (L.A.C.-A., A.T., S.B., J.M.F., C.C.T.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.A.C.-A., L.J.M.); Pleiades Software Development (S.D., T.M.), Inc, Salt Lake City; Lineages (J.C.), Draper; SJ Quinney College of Law (J.C.), University of Utah; Department of Biology (J.S.K.K.), Brigham Young University, Provo; Department of Dermatology (L.J.M.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; and Department of Veterans Affairs (L.J.M.), Washington DC
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng JJ, Li WX, Liu JQ, Guo YC, Wang Q, Li GH, Dai SX, Huang JF. Low expression of aging-related NRXN3 is associated with Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11343. [PMID: 29995770 PMCID: PMC6076205 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with distinct pathological features, with aging considered the greatest risk factor. We explored how aging contributes to increased AD risk, and determined concurrent and coordinate changes (including genetic and phenotypic modifications) commonly exhibited in both normal aging and AD. METHODS Using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we collected 1 healthy aging-related and 3 AD-related datasets of the hippocampal region. The normal aging dataset was divided into 3 age groups: young (20-40 years old), middle-aged (40-60 years old), and elderly (>60 years old). These datasets were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The Gene Ontology (GO) terms, pathways, and function network analysis of these DEGs were analyzed. RESULTS One thousand two hundred ninety-one DEGs were found to be shared in the natural aging groups and AD patients. Among the shared DEGs, ATP6V1E1, GNG3, NDUFV2, GOT1, USP14, and NAV2 have been previously found in both normal aging individuals and AD patients. Furthermore, using Java Enrichment of Pathways Extended to Topology (JEPETTO) analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, we determined that changes in aging-related KEGG annotations may contribute to the aging-dependence of AD risk. Interestingly, NRXN3, the second most commonly deregulated gene identified in the present study, is known to carry a mutation in AD patients. According to functional network analysis, NRXN3 plays a critical role in synaptic functions involved in the cognitive decline associated with normal aging and AD. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the low expression of aging-related NRXN3 may increase AD risk, though the potential mechanism requires further clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yi-Cheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Gong-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shao-Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jing-Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Models and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Natural Products and Biological Drugs of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee Y, Han S, Kim D, Kim D, Horgousluoglu E, Risacher SL, Saykin AJ, Nho K. Genetic variation affecting exon skipping contributes to brain structural atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 2017:124-131. [PMID: 29888056 PMCID: PMC5961815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in cis-regulatory elements related to splicing machinery and splicing regulatory elements (SREs) results in exon skipping and undesired protein products. We developed a splicing decision model to identify actionable loci among common SNPs for gene regulation. The splicing decision model identified SNPs affecting exon skipping by analyzing sequence-driven alternative splicing (AS) models and by scanning the genome for the regions with putative SRE motifs. We used non-Hispanic Caucasians with neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and identified 17,088 common exonic SNPs affecting exon skipping. GWAS identified one SNP (rs1140317) in HLA-DQB1 as significantly associated with entorhinal cortical thickness, AD neuroimaging biomarker, after controlling for multiple testing. Further analysis revealed that rs1140317 was significantly associated with brain amyloid-f deposition (PET and CSF). HLA-DQB1 is an essential immune gene and may regulate AS, thereby contributing to AD pathology. SRE may hold potential as novel therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Lee
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Seonggyun Han
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Emrin Horgousluoglu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding Author
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ridge PG, Wadsworth ME, Miller JB, Saykin AJ, Green RC, Kauwe JSK. Assembly of 809 whole mitochondrial genomes with clinical, imaging, and fluid biomarker phenotyping. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:514-519. [PMID: 29306584 PMCID: PMC5961720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial genetics are an important but largely neglected area of research in Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment is the lack of data sets. METHODS We used an innovative, rigorous approach, combining several existing tools with our own, to accurately assemble and call variants in 809 whole mitochondrial genomes. RESULTS To help address this impediment, we prepared a data set that consists of 809 complete and annotated mitochondrial genomes with samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. These whole mitochondrial genomes include rich phenotyping, such as clinical, fluid biomarker, and imaging data, all of which is available through the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative website. Genomes are cleaned, annotated, and prepared for analysis. DISCUSSION These data provide an important resource for investigating the impact of mitochondrial genetic variation on risk for Alzheimer's disease and other phenotypes that have been measured in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Justin B Miller
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Medical and Molecular Genetics and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, The Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ridge PG, Kauwe JSK. Mitochondria and Alzheimer's Disease: the Role of Mitochondrial Genetic Variation. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018; 6:1-10. [PMID: 29564191 PMCID: PMC5842281 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affects an increasing number of people worldwide, has a rapidly increasing incidence, and is fatal. In the past several years, significant progress has been made towards solving the genetic architecture of AD, but our understanding remains incomplete and has not led to treatments that either cure or slow disease. There is substantial evidence that mitochondria are involved in AD: mitochondrial functional declines in AD, mitochondrial encoded gene expression changes, mitochondria are morphologically different, and mitochondrial fusion/fission are modified. While a majority of mitochondrial proteins are nuclear encoded and could lead to malfunction in mitochondria, the mitochondrial genome encodes numerous proteins important for the electron transport chain, which if damaged could possibly lead to mitochondrial changes observed in AD. Here, we review publications that describe a relationship between the mitochondrial genome and AD and make suggestions for analysis approaches and data acquisition, from existing datasets, to study the mitochondrial genetics of AD. Recent Findings Numerous mitochondrial haplogroups and SNPs have been reported to influence risk for AD, but the majority of these have not been replicated, nor experimentally validated. Summary The role of the mitochondrial genome in AD remains elusive, and several impediments exist to fully understand the relationship between the mitochondrial genome and AD. Yet, by leveraging existing datasets and implementing appropriate analysis approaches, determining the role of mitochondrial genetics in risk for AD is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - John S. K. Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Molecular Insights into the Roles of Rab Proteins in Intracellular Dynamics and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:18-36. [PMID: 29423895 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the cellular functions are segregated to membrane-bound organelles. This inherently requires sorting of metabolites to membrane-limited locations. Sorting the metabolites from ribosomes to various organelles along the intracellular trafficking pathways involves several integral cellular processes, including an energy-dependent step, in which the sorting of metabolites between organelles is catalyzed by membrane-anchoring protein Rab-GTPases (Rab). They contribute to relaying the switching of the secretory proteins between hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments. The intracellular trafficking routes include exocytic and endocytic pathways. In these pathways, numerous Rab-GTPases are participating in discrete shuttling of cargoes. Long-distance trafficking of cargoes is essential for neuronal functions, and Rabs are critical for these functions, including the transport of membranes and essential proteins for the development of axons and neurites. Rabs are also the key players in exocytosis of neurotransmitters and recycling of neurotransmitter receptors. Thus, Rabs are critical for maintaining neuronal communication, as well as for normal cellular physiology. Therefore, cellular defects of Rab components involved in neural functions, which severely affect normal brain functions, can produce neurological complications, including several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the molecular signaling pathways of Rab proteins and the impact of their defects on different neurodegenerative diseases. The insights gathered into the dynamics of Rabs that are described in this review provide new avenues for developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases-associated with Rab defects.
Collapse
|
32
|
Farnsworth B, Peuckert C, Zimmermann B, Jazin E, Kettunen P, Emilsson LS. Gene Expression of Quaking in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Patients is Both Upregulated and Related to Expression Levels of Genes Involved in Amyloid Plaque and Neurofibrillary Tangle Formation. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:209-19. [PMID: 27163826 PMCID: PMC4942724 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) is a gene exclusively expressed within glial cells. QKI has previously been implicated in various neurological disorders and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a condition for which increasing evidence suggests a central role of glia cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of QKI and three QKI isoforms (QKI5, QKI6, and QKI7) in AD. Genes that have previously been related to the ontogeny and progression of AD, specifically APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and MAPT, were also investigated. A real-time PCR assay of 123 samples from human postmortem sporadic AD patients and control brains was performed. The expression values were analyzed with an analysis of covariance model and subsequent multiple regressions to explore the possibility of related expression values between QKI, QKI isoforms, and AD-related genes. Further, the sequences of AD-related genes were analyzed for the presence of QKI binding domains. QKI and all measured QKI isoforms were found to be significantly upregulated in AD samples, relative to control samples. However, APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and MAPT were not found to be significantly different. QKI and QKI isoforms were found to be predictive for the variance of APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and MAPT, and putative QKI binding sites suggests an interaction with QKI. Overall, these results implicate a possible role of QKI in AD, although the exact mechanism by which this occurs remains to be uncovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Farnsworth
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christiane Peuckert
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Zimmermann
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Jazin
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lina Sors Emilsson
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Role of the peripheral innate immune system in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:59-66. [PMID: 29275160 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most devastating neurodegenerative diseases. The exact cause of the disease is still not known although many scientists believe in the beta amyloid hypothesis which states that the accumulation of the amyloid peptide beta (Aβ) in brain is the initial cause which consequently leads to pathological neuroinflammation. However, it was recently shown that Aβ may have an important role in defending the brain against infections. Thus, the balance between positive and negative impact of Aβ may determine disease progression. Microglia in the brain are innate immune cells, and brain-initiated inflammatory responses reflected in the periphery suggests that Alzheimer's disease is to some extent also a systemic inflammatory disease. Greater permeability of the blood brain barrier facilitates the transport of peripheral immune cells to the brain and vice versa so that a vicious circle originating on the periphery may contribute to the development of overt clinical AD. Persistent inflammatory challenges by pathogens in the periphery, increasing with age, may also contribute to the central propagation of the pathological changes seen clinically. Therefore, the activation status of peripheral innate immune cells may represent an early biomarker of the upcoming impact on the brain. The modulation of these cells may thus become a useful mechanism for modifying disease progression.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li H, Wang R. Blocking SIRT1 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes aging through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Life Sci 2017; 190:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
35
|
Hu T, Xiao Z, Mao R, Chen B, Lu MN, Tong J, Mei R, Li SS, Xiao ZC, Zhang LF, Xiyang YB. Navβ2 knockdown improves cognition in APP/PS1 mice by partially inhibiting seizures and APP amyloid processing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99284-99295. [PMID: 29245901 PMCID: PMC5725092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels beta 2 (Navβ2, encoded by SCN2B) is a substrate of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and regulates cell surface expression of channels in neurons. Previous studies reported enhanced Navβ2 processing by BACE1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model and patients. We investigated whether changes in Navβ2 expression affect neuronal seizure and amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in an AD mouse model. Our study used eight-month-old APP/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice and transgenic Navβ2 knockdown [by 61% vs. wild type (WT)] APP/PS1 mice (APP/PS1/Navβ2-kd), with age-matched WT and Navβ2 knockdown (Navβ2-kd) mice as controls. We found that Navβ2 knockdown in APP/PS1 mice partially reversed the abnormal Navβ2 cleavage and the changes in intracellular and total Nav1.1α expression. It also restored sodium currents density in hippocampal neurons and neuronal activity, as indicated by EEG tracing; improved Morris water maze performance; and shifted APP amyloidogenic metabolism towards non-amyloidogenic processing. There were no differences in these indicators between WT and Navβ2-kd mice. These results suggest Navβ2 knockdown may be a promising strategy for treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Mao
- School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Experiment Center for Medical Science Research, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jun Tong
- Physical Education Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.,Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rahman MR, Tajmim A, Ali M, Sharif M. Overview and Current Status of Alzheimer's Disease in Bangladesh. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:27-42. [PMID: 30480227 PMCID: PMC6159651 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder with economic, social, and medical burdens which is acknowledged as leading cause of dementia marked by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein and concomitant dementia, neuron loss and brain atrophy. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative brain disorder with sporadic etiology, except for a small fraction of cases with familial inheritance where familial forms of AD are correlated to mutations in three functionally related genes: the amyloid-β protein precursor and presenilins 1 and 2, two key γ-secretase components. The common clinical features of AD are memory impairment that interrupts daily life, difficulty in accomplishing usual tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships. Age is the most significant risk factor for AD, whereas other risk factors correlated with AD are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Despite decades of research, there is no satisfying therapy which will terminate the advancement of AD by acting on the origin of the disease process, whereas currently available therapeutics only provide symptomatic relief but fail to attain a definite cure and prevention. This review also represents the current status of AD in Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Tajmim
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| | - Mostakim Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xie J, Wang H, Lin T, Bi B. Microglia-Synapse Pathways: Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2986460. [PMID: 28473983 PMCID: PMC5394358 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2986460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extracellular deposits of amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles (tau). However, the mechanisms underlying these neuropathological changes remain largely unclear. To date, plenty of studies have shown that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of AD, and the microglia-synapse pathways have been repeatedly identified as the crucial factor in the disease process. In this review, evidences from microglia and synapse studies are presented, and the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of AD, the contributing factors to synapse dysfunction, and the role and mechanisms of microglia-synapse pathways will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingdun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bingtian Bi
- Department of Clinical Trial Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Özpak L, Pazarbaşı A, Keser N. Alzheimer Hastalığının Genetiği ve Epigenetiği. ARŞIV KAYNAK TARAMA DERGISI 2017. [DOI: 10.17827/aktd.280520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
39
|
Colomina MT, Peris-Sampedro F. Aluminum and Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:183-197. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
40
|
Tournissac M, Vandal M, François A, Planel E, Calon F. Old age potentiates cold-induced tau phosphorylation: linking thermoregulatory deficit with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 50:25-29. [PMID: 27838492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermoregulatory deficits coincide with a rise in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in old age. Lower body temperature increases tau phosphorylation, a neuropathological hallmark of AD. To determine whether old age potentiates cold-induced tau phosphorylation, we compared the effects of cold exposure (4 °C, 24 hours) in 6- and 18-month-old mice. Cold-induced changes in body temperature, brown adipose tissue activity, and phosphorylation of tau at Ser202 were not different between 6- and 18-month-old mice. However, following cold exposure, only old mice displayed a significant rise in soluble tau pThr181 and pThr231, which was correlated with body temperature. Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β was more prominent in young mice, suggesting a protective mechanism against cold-induced tau phosphorylation. These results suggest that old age confers higher susceptibility to tau hyperphosphorylation following a change in body temperature, thereby contributing to an enhanced risk of developing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud François
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bourgade K, Dupuis G, Frost EH, Fülöp T. Anti-Viral Properties of Amyloid-β Peptides. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:859-878. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric H. Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu Q, Aguilar BJ, Li M, Jiang Y, Chen YH. Genetic alterations of δ-catenin/NPRAP/Neurojungin (CTNND2): functional implications in complex human diseases. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1107-16. [PMID: 27380241 PMCID: PMC5021578 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some genes involved in complex human diseases are particularly vulnerable to genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphism, copy number variations, and mutations. For example, Ras mutations account for over 30 % of all human cancers. Additionally, there are some genes that can display different variations with functional impact in different diseases that are unrelated. One such gene stands out: δ-catenin/NPRAP/Neurojungin with gene designation as CTNND2 on chromosome 5p15.2. Recent advances in genome wide association as well as molecular biology approaches have uncovered striking involvement of δ-catenin gene variations linked to complex human disorders. These disorders include cancer, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, Cri-du-chat syndrome, myopia, cortical cataract-linked Alzheimer's disease, and infectious diseases. This list has rapidly grown longer in recent years, underscoring the pivotal roles of δ-catenin in critical human diseases. δ-Catenin is an adhesive junction-associated protein in the delta subfamily of the β-catenin superfamily. δ-Catenin functions in Wnt signaling to regulate gene expression and modulate Rho GTPases of the Ras superfamily in cytoskeletal reorganization. δ-Catenin likely lies where Wnt signaling meets Rho GTPases and is a unique and vulnerable common target for mutagenesis in different human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
- Department of Urological Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Byron J Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- Department of Urological Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mendiola-Precoma J, Berumen LC, Padilla K, Garcia-Alcocer G. Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2589276. [PMID: 27547756 PMCID: PMC4980501 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2589276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia associated with a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a prevalence of 44 million people throughout the world in 2015, and this figure is estimated to double by 2050. This disease is characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and hypometabolism; it is related to amyloid-β peptide accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation as well as a decrease in acetylcholine levels and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. Obesity is a major risk factor for AD, because it induces adipokine dysregulation, which consists of the release of the proinflammatory adipokines and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, among other processes. The pharmacological treatments for AD can be divided into two categories: symptomatic treatments such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and etiology-based treatments such as secretase inhibitors, amyloid binders, and tau therapies. Strategies for prevention of AD through nonpharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle interventions such as exercise, mental challenges, and socialization as well as caloric restriction and a healthy diet. AD is an important health issue on which all people should be informed so that prevention strategies that minimize the risk of its development may be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mendiola-Precoma
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - L. C. Berumen
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - K. Padilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| | - G. Garcia-Alcocer
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genética, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Centro Universitario, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bodily PM, Fujimoto MS, Page JT, Clement MJ, Ebbert MTW, Ridge PG. A novel approach for multi-SNP GWAS and its application in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17 Suppl 7:268. [PMID: 27453991 PMCID: PMC4965706 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have effectively identified genetic factors for many diseases. Many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), have epistatic causes, requiring more sophisticated analyses to identify groups of variants which together affect phenotype. RESULTS Based on the GWAS statistical model, we developed a multi-SNP GWAS analysis to identify pairs of variants whose common occurrence signaled the Alzheimer's disease phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Despite not having sufficient data to demonstrate significance, our preliminary experimentation identified a high correlation between GRIA3 and HLA-DRB5 (an AD gene). GRIA3 has not been previously reported in association with AD, but is known to play a role in learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Bodily
- Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602-6576, UT, USA.
| | - M Stanley Fujimoto
- Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602-6576, UT, USA
| | - Justin T Page
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602-6576, UT, USA
| | - Mark J Clement
- Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602-6576, UT, USA
| | - Mark T W Ebbert
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602-6576, UT, USA
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602-6576, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Denvir J, Neitch S, Fan J, Niles RM, Boskovic G, Schreurs BG, Primerano DA, Alkon DL. Identification of the PS1 Thr147Ile Variant in a Family with Very Early Onset Dementia and Expressive Aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:483-90. [PMID: 25812849 PMCID: PMC4583332 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset dementias have variable clinical presentations and are often difficult to diagnose. We established a family pedigree that demonstrated consistent recurrence of very early onset dementia in successive generations. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD In order to refine the diagnosis in this family, we sequenced the exomes of two affected family members and relied on discrete filtering to identify disease genes and the corresponding causal variants. RESULTS Among the 720 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shared by two affected members, we found a C to T transition that gives rise to a Thr147Ile missense substitution in the presenilin 1 (PS1) protein. The presence of this same mutation in a French early-onset Alzheimer's disease family, other affected members of the family, and the predicted high pathogenicity of the substitution strongly suggest that it is the causal variant. In addition to exceptionally young age of onset, we also observed significant limb spasticity and early loss of speech, concurrent with progression of dementia in affected family members. These findings extend the clinical presentation associated with the Thr147Ile variant. Lastly, one member with the Thr147Ile variant was treated with the PKC epsilon activator, bryostatin, in a compassionate use trial after successful FDA review. Initial improvements with this treatment were unexpectedly clear, including return of some speech, increased attentional focus, ability to swallow, and some apparent decrease in limb spasticity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the role of the PS1 Thr147Ile substitution in Alzheimer's disease and expand the clinical phenotype to include expressive aphasia and very early onset of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Denvir
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Shirley Neitch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Richard M Niles
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Goran Boskovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Bernard G Schreurs
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Donald A Primerano
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Allen GI, Amoroso N, Anghel C, Balagurusamy V, Bare CJ, Beaton D, Bellotti R, Bennett DA, Boehme KL, Boutros PC, Caberlotto L, Caloian C, Campbell F, Chaibub Neto E, Chang YC, Chen B, Chen CY, Chien TY, Clark T, Das S, Davatzikos C, Deng J, Dillenberger D, Dobson RJB, Dong Q, Doshi J, Duma D, Errico R, Erus G, Everett E, Fardo DW, Friend SH, Fröhlich H, Gan J, St George-Hyslop P, Ghosh SS, Glaab E, Green RC, Guan Y, Hong MY, Huang C, Hwang J, Ibrahim J, Inglese P, Iyappan A, Jiang Q, Katsumata Y, Kauwe JSK, Klein A, Kong D, Krause R, Lalonde E, Lauria M, Lee E, Lin X, Liu Z, Livingstone J, Logsdon BA, Lovestone S, Ma TW, Malhotra A, Mangravite LM, Maxwell TJ, Merrill E, Nagorski J, Namasivayam A, Narayan M, Naz M, Newhouse SJ, Norman TC, Nurtdinov RN, Oyang YJ, Pawitan Y, Peng S, Peters MA, Piccolo SR, Praveen P, Priami C, Sabelnykova VY, Senger P, Shen X, Simmons A, Sotiras A, Stolovitzky G, Tangaro S, Tateo A, Tung YA, Tustison NJ, Varol E, Vradenburg G, Weiner MW, Xiao G, Xie L, Xie Y, Xu J, Yang H, Zhan X, Zhou Y, Zhu F, Zhu H, Zhu S. Crowdsourced estimation of cognitive decline and resilience in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:645-53. [PMID: 27079753 PMCID: PMC5474755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Identifying accurate biomarkers of cognitive decline is essential for advancing early diagnosis and prevention therapies in Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's disease DREAM Challenge was designed as a computational crowdsourced project to benchmark the current state-of-the-art in predicting cognitive outcomes in Alzheimer's disease based on high dimensional, publicly available genetic and structural imaging data. This meta-analysis failed to identify a meaningful predictor developed from either data modality, suggesting that alternate approaches should be considered for prediction of cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevera I Allen
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicola Amoroso
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli studi di Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy; Sezione di Bari, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy
| | - Catalina Anghel
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Derek Beaton
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Bellotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli studi di Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy; Sezione di Bari, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin L Boehme
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura Caberlotto
- The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Cristian Caloian
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frederick Campbell
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Beibei Chen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Chien
- Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tim Clark
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jieyao Deng
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Richard J B Dobson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Kings College London, London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Kings College London, London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Qilin Dong
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jimit Doshi
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denise Duma
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Guray Erus
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan Everett
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Holger Fröhlich
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Gan
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge and University of Toronto, Cambridge, CB2, UK
| | - Satrajit S Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ming-Yi Hong
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jinseub Hwang
- Department of Computer science and Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anandhi Iyappan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Department for Bioinformatics, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Qijia Jiang
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | | | - Dehan Kong
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Emilie Lalonde
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Lauria
- The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xihui Lin
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tsung-Wei Ma
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ashutosh Malhotra
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Department for Bioinformatics, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Taylor J Maxwell
- Computational Biology Institute, The George Washington University, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Emily Merrill
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Nagorski
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aishwarya Namasivayam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manjari Narayan
- Department of Statistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mufassra Naz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Department for Bioinformatics, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany; Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Kings College London, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ramil N Nurtdinov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Foundation Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yen-Jen Oyang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengwen Peng
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Paurush Praveen
- The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy; Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Corrado Priami
- The Microsoft Research, University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, Italy
| | - Veronica Y Sabelnykova
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Informatics and Bio-computing Program, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philipp Senger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Department for Bioinformatics, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew Simmons
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- Genetics and Genomics Sciences Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; IBM Computational Biology Center, IBM Research, NY, USA
| | - Sabina Tangaro
- Sezione di Bari, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Tateo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin", Università degli studi di Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Yi-An Tung
- Genome and systems biology degree program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Erdem Varol
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael W Weiner
- Radiology, Medicine, Psychiatry, and Neurology, UCSF, SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Computer Science, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jia Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hojin Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shanfeng Zhu
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ridge PG, Hoyt KB, Boehme K, Mukherjee S, Crane PK, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Farrer LA, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Kauwe JSK. Assessment of the genetic variance of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 41:200.e13-200.e20. [PMID: 27036079 PMCID: PMC4948179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex genetic disorder with no effective treatments. More than 20 common markers have been identified, which are associated with AD. Recently, several rare variants have been identified in Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) and Unc-5 Netrin Receptor C (UNC5C) that affect risk for AD. Despite the many successes, the genetic architecture of AD remains unsolved. We used Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis to (1) estimate phenotypic variance explained by genetics; (2) calculate genetic variance explained by known AD single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and (3) identify the genomic locations of variation that explain the remaining unexplained genetic variance. In total, 53.24% of phenotypic variance is explained by genetics, but known AD SNPs only explain 30.62% of the genetic variance. Of the unexplained genetic variance, approximately 41% is explained by unknown SNPs in regions adjacent to known AD SNPs, and the remaining unexplained genetic variance outside these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kaitlyn B Hoyt
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kevin Boehme
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, and The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stefanova NA, Kolosova NG. Evolution of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis conception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0096392516010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Vandal M, White PJ, Tournissac M, Tremblay C, St-Amour I, Drouin-Ouellet J, Bousquet M, Traversy MT, Planel E, Marette A, Calon F. Impaired thermoregulation and beneficial effects of thermoneutrality in the 3×Tg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:47-57. [PMID: 27255814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The sharp rise in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an old age coincides with a reduction in energy metabolism and core body temperature. We found that the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD) spontaneously develops a lower basal body temperature and is more vulnerable to a cold environment compared with age-matched controls. This was despite higher nonshivering thermogenic activity, as evidenced by brown adipose tissue norepinephrine content and uncoupling protein 1 expression. A 24-hour exposure to cold (4 °C) aggravated key neuropathologic markers of AD such as: tau phosphorylation, soluble amyloid beta concentrations, and synaptic protein loss in the cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice. Strikingly, raising the body temperature of aged 3×Tg-AD mice via exposure to a thermoneutral environment improved memory function and reduced amyloid and synaptic pathologies within a week. Our results suggest the presence of a vicious cycle between impaired thermoregulation and AD-like neuropathology, and it is proposed that correcting thermoregulatory deficits might be therapeutic in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene Vandal
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Philip J White
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de pneumologie et de cardiologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Tournissac
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Recherche et Développement, Héma-Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Janelle Drouin-Ouellet
- Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melanie Bousquet
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Thérèse Traversy
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre Marette
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de pneumologie et de cardiologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU-Q (Pavillon CHUL), Québec, Québec, Canada; Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
For the first time in the history of human genetics research, it is now both technically feasible and economically affordable to screen individual genomes for novel disease-causing mutations at base-pair resolution using "next-generation sequencing" (NGS). One popular aim in many of today's NGS studies is genome resequencing (in part or whole) to identify DNA variants potentially accounting for the "missing heritability" problem observed in many genetically complex traits. Thus far, only relatively few projects have applied these powerful new technologies to search for novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) related sequence variants. In this review, I summarize the findings from the first NGS-based resequencing studies in AD and discuss their potential implications and limitations. Notable recent discoveries using NGS include the identification of rare susceptibility modifying alleles in APP, TREM2, and PLD3. Several other large-scale NGS projects are currently underway so that additional discoveries can be expected over the coming years.
Collapse
|