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Garvin AM, Katwa LC. Primary cardiac fibroblast cell culture: methodological considerations for physiologically relevant conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H869-H881. [PMID: 37624100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac fibroblast (CF) tissue culture is a necessary tool for interrogating specific signaling mechanisms that dictate the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in vivo in different disease states. Traditional approaches that use tissue culture plastic and nutrient-rich medium have been shown to induce CF activation and, therefore, alter CF subpopulation composition. This shift away from in vivo phenotypes complicate the interpretation of results through the lens of the animal model. As the field works to identify CF diversity, these methodological flaws have begun to be addressed and more studies are focused on the dynamic interaction of CFs with their environment. This review focuses on the aspects of tissue culture that impact CF activation and, therefore, require consideration when designing in vitro experiments. The complexity of CF biology overlaid onto diverse model systems highlight the need for study-specific optimization and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Laxmansa C Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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2
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Angelini A, Trial J, Saltzman AB, Malovannaya A, Cieslik KA. A defective mechanosensing pathway affects fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in the old male mouse heart. iScience 2023; 26:107283. [PMID: 37520701 PMCID: PMC10372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast interacts with an extracellular matrix (ECM), enabling myofibroblast maturation via a process called mechanosensing. Although in the aging male heart, ECM is stiffer than in the young mouse, myofibroblast development is impaired, as demonstrated in 2-D and 3-D experiments. In old male cardiac fibroblasts, we found a decrease in actin polymerization, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Kindlin-2 expressions, the latter an effector of the mechanosensing. When Kindlin-2 levels were manipulated via siRNA interference, young fibroblasts developed an old-like fibroblast phenotype, whereas Kindlin-2 overexpression in old fibroblasts reversed the defective phenotype. Finally, inhibition of overactivated extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the old male fibroblasts rescued actin polymerization and α-SMA expression. Pathological ERK1/2 overactivation was also attenuated by Kindlin-2 overexpression. In contrast, old female cardiac fibroblasts retained an operant mechanosensing pathway. In conclusion, we identified defective components of the Kindlin/ERK/actin/α-SMA mechanosensing axis in aged male fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Angelini
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JoAnn Trial
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander B. Saltzman
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katarzyna A. Cieslik
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Spedicati M, Ruocco G, Zoso A, Mortati L, Lapini A, Delledonne A, Divieto C, Romano V, Castaldo C, Di Meglio F, Nurzynska D, Carmagnola I, Chiono V. Biomimetic design of bioartificial scaffolds for the in vitro modelling of human cardiac fibrosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:983872. [PMID: 36507252 PMCID: PMC9731288 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.983872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of pathological cardiac tissue have attracted interest as predictive platforms for preclinical validation of therapies. However, models reproducing specific pathological features, such as cardiac fibrosis size (i.e., thickness and width) and stage of development are missing. This research was aimed at engineering 2D and 3D models of early-stage post-infarct fibrotic tissue (i.e., characterized by non-aligned tissue organization) on bioartificial scaffolds with biomimetic composition, design, and surface stiffness. 2D scaffolds with random nanofibrous structure and 3D scaffolds with 150 µm square-meshed architecture were fabricated from polycaprolactone, surface-grafted with gelatin by mussel-inspired approach and coated with cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) by 3 weeks culture of human cardiac fibroblasts. Scaffold physicochemical properties were thoroughly investigated. AFM analysis of scaffolds in wet state, before cell culture, confirmed their close surface stiffness to human cardiac fibrotic tissue. Following 3 weeks culture, biomimetic biophysical and biochemical scaffold properties triggered the activation of myofibroblast phenotype. Upon decellularization, immunostaining, SEM and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy showed homogeneous decoration of both 2D and 3D scaffolds with cardiac ECM. The versatility of the approach was demonstrated by culturing ventricular or atrial cardiac fibroblasts on scaffolds, thus suggesting the possibility to use the same scaffold platforms to model both ventricular and atrial cardiac fibrosis. In the future, herein developed in vitro models of cardiac fibrotic tissue, reproducing specific pathological features, will be exploited for a fine preclinical tuning of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Spedicati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,POLITO Biomedlab, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gerardina Ruocco
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,POLITO Biomedlab, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Zoso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,POLITO Biomedlab, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mortati
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy,Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Delledonne
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carla Divieto
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, Italy
| | - Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Irene Carmagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,POLITO Biomedlab, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,POLITO Biomedlab, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Pisa, Italy,*Correspondence: Valeria Chiono,
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4
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Romano V, Belviso I, Sacco AM, Cozzolino D, Nurzynska D, Amarelli C, Maiello C, Sirico F, Di Meglio F, Castaldo C. Human Cardiac Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Exhibit Promising Potential for Supporting Cardiac Repair in Vitro. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879046. [PMID: 35669580 PMCID: PMC9163838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human Cardiac Progenitor Cells (hCPCs) are not retained by host myocardium they still improve cardiac function when injected into ischemic heart. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that hCPC beneficial effects are induced by paracrine action on resident cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an intriguing mechanism of cell communication based on the transport and transfer of peptides, lipids, and nucleic acids that have the potential to modulate signaling pathways, cell growth, migration, and proliferation of recipient cells. We hypothesize that EVs are involved in the paracrine effects elicited by hCPCs and held accountable for the response of the infarcted myocardium to hCPC-based cell therapy. To test this theory, we collected EVs released by hCPCs isolated from healthy myocardium and evaluated the effects they elicited when administered to resident hCPC and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) isolated from patients with post-ischemic end-stage heart failure. Evidence emerging from our study indicated that hCPC-derived EVs impacted upon proliferation and survival of hCPCs residing in the ischemic heart and regulated the synthesis and deposition of extracellular-matrix by CFs. These findings suggest that beneficial effects exerted by hCPC injection are, at least to some extent, ascribable to the delivery of signals conveyed by EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana"/DIPMED, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Cristiano Amarelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplant, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplant, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Sirico
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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5
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Identification of lamprey variable lymphocyte receptors that target the brain vasculature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6044. [PMID: 35411012 PMCID: PMC9001667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a significant bottleneck for the delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system. In recent years, the promise of coopting BBB receptor-mediated transport systems for brain drug delivery has increased in large part due to the discovery and engineering of BBB-targeting antibodies. Here we describe an innovative screening platform for identification of new BBB targeting molecules from a class of lamprey antigen recognition proteins known as variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). Lamprey were immunized with murine brain microvessel plasma membranes, and the resultant repertoire cloned into the yeast surface display system. The library was screened via a unique workflow that identified 16 VLR clones that target extracellular epitopes of in vivo-relevant BBB membrane proteins. Of these, three lead VLR candidates, VLR-Fc-11, VLR-Fc-30, and VLR-Fc-46 selectively target the brain vasculature and traffic within brain microvascular endothelial cells after intravenous administration in mice, with VLR-Fc-30 being confirmed as trafficking into the brain parenchyma. Epitope characterization indicates that the VLRs, in part, recognize sialylated glycostructures. These promising new targeting molecules have the potential for brain targeting and drug delivery with improved brain vascular specificity.
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Paoletti C, Marcello E, Melis ML, Divieto C, Nurzynska D, Chiono V. Cardiac Tissue-like 3D Microenvironment Enhances Route towards Human Fibroblast Direct Reprogramming into Induced Cardiomyocytes by microRNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050800. [PMID: 35269422 PMCID: PMC8909733 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The restoration of cardiac functionality after myocardial infarction represents a major clinical challenge. Recently, we found that transient transfection with microRNA combination (miRcombo: miR-1, miR-133, miR-208 and 499) is able to trigger direct reprogramming of adult human cardiac fibroblasts (AHCFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) in vitro. However, achieving efficient direct reprogramming still remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cardiac tissue-like biochemical and biophysical stimuli on direct reprogramming efficiency. Biomatrix (BM), a cardiac-like extracellular matrix (ECM), was produced by in vitro culture of AHCFs for 21 days, followed by decellularization. In a set of experiments, AHCFs were transfected with miRcombo and then cultured for 2 weeks on the surface of uncoated and BM-coated polystyrene (PS) dishes and fibrin hydrogels (2D hydrogel) or embedded into 3D fibrin hydrogels (3D hydrogel). Cell culturing on BM-coated PS dishes and in 3D hydrogels significantly improved direct reprogramming outcomes. Biochemical and biophysical cues were then combined in 3D fibrin hydrogels containing BM (3D BM hydrogel), resulting in a synergistic effect, triggering increased CM gene and cardiac troponin T expression in miRcombo-transfected AHCFs. Hence, biomimetic 3D culture environments may improve direct reprogramming of miRcombo-transfected AHCFs into iCMs, deserving further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Paoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Luna Melis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Divieto
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Division of Advanced Materials and Life Sciences, 10135 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (M.L.M.); (V.C.)
- Centro 3R (Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Dikici S, Aldemir Dikici B, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. Decellularised extracellular matrix decorated PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds for enhanced cellular activity, integration and angiogenesis. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7297-7310. [PMID: 34617526 PMCID: PMC8547328 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a complex series of events where cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play a key role. Wounding can be simple, such as the loss of the epithelial integrity, or deeper and more complex, reaching to subcutaneous tissues, including blood vessels, muscles and nerves. Rapid neovascularisation of the wounded area is crucial for wound healing as it has a key role in supplying oxygen and nutrients during the highly demanding proliferative phase and transmigration of inflammatory cells to the wound area. One approach to circumvent delayed neovascularisation is the exogenous use of pro-angiogenic factors, which is expensive, highly dose-dependent, and the delivery of them requires a very well-controlled system to avoid leaky, highly permeable and haemorrhagic blood vessel formation. In this study, we decorated polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polymerised high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) scaffolds with fibroblast-derived ECM to assess fibroblast, endothelial cell and keratinocyte activity in vitro and angiogenesis in ex ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Our results showed that the inclusion of ECM in the scaffolds increased the metabolic activity of three types of cells that play a key role in wound healing and stimulated angiogenesis in ex ovo CAM assays over 7 days. Herein, we demonstrated that fibroblast-ECM functionalised PCL PolyHIPE scaffolds appear to have great potential to be used as an active wound dressing to promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Decellularisation of in vitro generated extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an effective way to stimulate angiogenesis and wound healing.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, 35430, Turkey. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
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Misra S, Ghatak S, Moreno-Rodriguez RA, Norris RA, Hascall VC, Markwald RR. Periostin/Filamin-A: A Candidate Central Regulatory Axis for Valve Fibrogenesis and Matrix Compaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649862. [PMID: 34150753 PMCID: PMC8209548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discoveries in the identification of transcription factors, growth factors and extracellular signaling molecules have led to the detection of downstream targets that modulate valvular tissue organization that occurs during development, aging, or disease. Among these, matricellular protein, periostin, and cytoskeletal protein filamin A are highly expressed in developing heart valves. The phenotype of periostin null indicates that periostin promotes migration, survival, and differentiation of valve interstitial cushion cells into fibroblastic lineages necessary for postnatal valve remodeling/maturation. Genetically inhibiting filamin A expression in valve interstitial cushion cells mirrored the phenotype of periostin nulls, suggesting a molecular interaction between these two proteins resulted in poorly remodeled valve leaflets that might be prone to myxomatous over time. We examined whether filamin A has a cross-talk with periostin/signaling that promotes remodeling of postnatal heart valves into mature leaflets. RESULTS We have previously shown that periostin/integrin-β1 regulates Pak1 activation; here, we revealed that the strong interaction between Pak1 and filamin A proteins was only observed after stimulation of VICs with periostin; suggesting that periostin/integrin-β-mediated interaction between FLNA and Pak1 may have a functional role in vivo. We found that FLNA phosphorylation (S2152) is activated by Pak1, and this interaction was observed after stimulation with periostin/integrin-β1/Cdc42/Rac1 signaling; consequently, FLNA binding to Pak1 stimulates its kinase activity. Patients with floppy and/or prolapsed mitral valves, when genetically screened, were found to have point mutations in the filamin A gene at P637Q and G288R. Expression of either of these filamin A mutants failed to increase the magnitude of filamin A (S2152) expression, Pak1-kinase activity, actin polymerization, and differentiation of VICs into mature mitral valve leaflets in response to periostin signaling. CONCLUSION PN-stimulated bidirectional interaction between activated FLNA and Pak1 is essential for actin cytoskeletal reorganization and the differentiation of immature VICs into mature valve leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniti Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ricardo A. Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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9
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Belviso I, Angelini F, Di Meglio F, Picchio V, Sacco AM, Nocella C, Romano V, Nurzynska D, Frati G, Maiello C, Messina E, Montagnani S, Pagano F, Castaldo C, Chimenti I. The Microenvironment of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix from Heart Failure Myocardium Alters the Balance between Angiogenic and Fibrotic Signals from Stromal Primitive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217903. [PMID: 33114386 PMCID: PMC7662394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac adverse remodeling is characterized by biological changes that affect the composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The consequently disrupted signaling can interfere with the balance between cardiogenic and pro-fibrotic phenotype of resident cardiac stromal primitive cells (CPCs). The latter are important players in cardiac homeostasis and can be exploited as therapeutic cells in regenerative medicine. Our aim was to compare the effects of human decellularized native ECM from normal (dECM-NH) or failing hearts (dECM-PH) on human CPCs. CPCs were cultured on dECM sections and characterized for gene expression, immunofluorescence, and paracrine profiles. When cultured on dECM-NH, CPCs significantly upregulated cardiac commitment markers (CX43, NKX2.5), cardioprotective cytokines (bFGF, HGF), and the angiogenesis mediator, NO. When seeded on dECM-PH, instead, CPCs upregulated pro-remodeling cytokines (IGF-2, PDGF-AA, TGF-β) and the oxidative stress molecule H2O2. Interestingly, culture on dECM-PH was associated with impaired paracrine support to angiogenesis, and increased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-sequestering decoy isoform of the KDR/VEGFR2 receptor. Our results suggest that resident CPCs exposed to the pathological microenvironment of remodeling ECM partially lose their paracrine angiogenic properties and release more pro-fibrotic cytokines. These observations shed novel insights on the crosstalk between ECM and stromal CPCs, suggesting also a cautious use of non-healthy decellularized myocardium for cardiac tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Angelini
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy;
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.P.); (G.F.)
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplant, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Umberto I” Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Council of Research (IBBC-CNR), 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy;
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.B.); (F.D.M.); (A.M.S.); (V.R.); (D.N.); (S.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; (V.P.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0773-1757-234
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10
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Błyszczuk P, Zuppinger C, Costa A, Nurzynska D, Di Meglio F, Stellato M, Agarkova I, Smith GL, Distler O, Kania G. Activated Cardiac Fibroblasts Control Contraction of Human Fibrotic Cardiac Microtissues by a β-Adrenoreceptor-Dependent Mechanism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051270. [PMID: 32443848 PMCID: PMC7290967 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis represents a serious clinical problem. Development of novel treatment strategies is currently restricted by the lack of the relevant experimental models in a human genetic context. In this study, we fabricated self-aggregating, scaffold-free, 3D cardiac microtissues using human inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts. Fibrotic condition was obtained by treatment of cardiac microtissues with profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), preactivation of foetal cardiac fibroblasts with TGF-β1, or by the use of cardiac fibroblasts obtained from heart failure patients. In our model, TGF-β1 effectively induced profibrotic changes in cardiac fibroblasts and in cardiac microtissues. Fibrotic phenotype of cardiac microtissues was inhibited by treatment with TGF-β-receptor type 1 inhibitor SD208 in a dose-dependent manner. We observed that fibrotic cardiac microtissues substantially increased the spontaneous beating rate by shortening the relaxation phase and showed a lower contraction amplitude. Instead, no changes in action potential profile were detected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that contraction of human cardiac microtissues could be modulated by direct electrical stimulation or treatment with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. However, in the absence of exogenous agonists, the β-adrenoreceptor blocker nadolol decreased beating rate of fibrotic cardiac microtissues by prolonging relaxation time. Thus, our data suggest that in fibrosis, activated cardiac fibroblasts could promote cardiac contraction rate by a direct stimulation of β-adrenoreceptor signalling. In conclusion, a model of fibrotic cardiac microtissues can be used as a high-throughput model for drug testing and to study cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistr. 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.S.); (O.D.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (G.K.)
| | - Christian Zuppinger
- Department for BioMedical Research, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ana Costa
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (A.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.N.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.N.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Mara Stellato
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistr. 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.S.); (O.D.)
| | | | - Godfrey L. Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (A.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Oliver Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistr. 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Gabriela Kania
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistr. 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.S.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (G.K.)
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11
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Arad M, Waldman M, Abraham NG, Hochhauser E. Therapeutic approaches to diabetic cardiomyopathy: Targeting the antioxidant pathway. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106454. [PMID: 32413571 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of cardiovascular disease continues unabated and remains the leading cause of death both in the US and worldwide. We hereby summarize the available therapies for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Clearly, the current approaches to diabetic heart disease often target the manifestations and certain mediators but not the specific pathways leading to myocardial injury, remodeling and dysfunction. Better understanding of the molecular events determining the evolution of diabetic cardiomyopathy will provide insight into the development of specific and targeted therapies. Recent studies largely increased our understanding of the role of enhanced inflammatory response, ROS production, as well as the contribution of Cyp-P450-epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 and 20-HETE in pathophysiology and therapy of cardiovascular disease. PGC-1α increases production of the HO-1 which has a major role in protecting the heart against oxidative stress, microcirculation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review describes the potential drugs and their downstream targets, PGC-1α and HO-1, as major loci for developing therapeutic approaches beside diet and lifestyle modification for the treatment and prevention of heart disease associated with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maayan Waldman
- Leviev Heart Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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12
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Belviso I, Romano V, Sacco AM, Ricci G, Massai D, Cammarota M, Catizone A, Schiraldi C, Nurzynska D, Terzini M, Aldieri A, Serino G, Schonauer F, Sirico F, D’Andrea F, Montagnani S, Di Meglio F, Castaldo C. Decellularized Human Dermal Matrix as a Biological Scaffold for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:229. [PMID: 32266249 PMCID: PMC7099865 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and highly organized environment in which cells reside consists primarily of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that delivers biological signals and physical stimuli to resident cells. In the native myocardium, the ECM contributes to both heart compliance and cardiomyocyte maturation and function. Thus, myocardium regeneration cannot be accomplished if cardiac ECM is not restored. We hypothesize that decellularized human skin might make an easily accessible and viable alternate biological scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). To test our hypothesis, we decellularized specimens of both human skin and human myocardium and analyzed and compared their composition by histological methods and quantitative assays. Decellularized dermal matrix was then cut into 600-μm-thick sections and either tested by uniaxial tensile stretching to characterize its mechanical behavior or used as three-dimensional scaffold to assess its capability to support regeneration by resident cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) in vitro. Histological and quantitative analyses of the dermal matrix provided evidence of both effective decellularization with preserved tissue architecture and retention of ECM proteins and growth factors typical of cardiac matrix. Further, the elastic modulus of the dermal matrix resulted comparable with that reported in literature for the human myocardium and, when tested in vitro, dermal matrix resulted a comfortable and protective substrate promoting and supporting hCPC engraftment, survival and cardiomyogenic potential. Our study provides compelling evidence that dermal matrix holds promise as a fully autologous and cost-effective biological scaffold for CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Massai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angiolina Catizone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic-Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Terzini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aldieri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Serino
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Schonauer
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Sirico
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Andrea
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Schwach V, Passier R. Native cardiac environment and its impact on engineering cardiac tissue. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3566-3580. [PMID: 31338495 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) generally have an immature fetal-like phenotype when directly compared to isolated CMs from human hearts, despite significant advance in differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to multiple cardiac lineages. Therefore, hPSC-CMs may not accurately mimic all facets of healthy and diseased human adult CMs. During embryonic development, the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) experiences a gradual assembly of matrix proteins that transits along the maturation of CMs. Mimicking these dynamic stages may contribute to hPSC-CMs maturation in vitro. Thus, in this review, we describe the progressive build-up of the cardiac ECM during embryonic development, the ECM of the adult human heart and the application of natural and synthetic biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering with hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schwach
- Dept of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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14
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Liang J, Huang W, Jiang L, Paul C, Li X, Wang Y. Concise Review: Reduction of Adverse Cardiac Scarring Facilitates Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2019; 37:844-854. [PMID: 30913336 PMCID: PMC6599570 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are an attractive, reliable source for generating functional cardiomyocytes for regeneration of infarcted heart. However, inefficient cell engraftment into host tissue remains a notable challenge to therapeutic success due to mechanical damage or relatively inhospitable microenvironment. Evidence has shown that excessively formed scar tissues around cell delivery sites present as mechanical and biological barriers that inhibit migration and engraftment of implanted cells. In this review, we focus on the functional responses of stem cells and cardiomyocytes during the process of cardiac fibrosis and scar formation. Survival, migration, contraction, and coupling function of implanted cells may be affected by matrix remodeling, inflammatory factors, altered tissue stiffness, and presence of electroactive myofibroblasts in the fibrotic microenvironment. Although paracrine factors from implanted cells can improve cardiac fibrosis, the transient effect is insufficient for complete repair of an infarcted heart. Furthermore, investigation of interactions between implanted cells and fibroblasts including myofibroblasts helps the identification of new targets to optimize the host substrate environment for facilitating cell engraftment and functional integration. Several antifibrotic approaches, including the use of pharmacological agents, gene therapies, microRNAs, and modified biomaterials, can prevent progression of heart failure and have been developed as adjunct therapies for stem cell-based regeneration. Investigation and optimization of new biomaterials is also required to enhance cell engraftment of engineered cardiac tissue and move PSCs from a laboratory setting into translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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15
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Santoro R, Perrucci GL, Gowran A, Pompilio G. Unchain My Heart: Integrins at the Basis of iPSC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8203950. [PMID: 30906328 PMCID: PMC6393933 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment mediated by integrin adhesion is of fundamental importance, in both developmental and pathological processes. In particular, mechanotransduction is of growing importance in groundbreaking cellular models such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), since this process may strongly influence cell fate and, thus, augment the precision of differentiation into specific cell types, e.g., cardiomyocytes. The decryption of the cellular machinery starting from ECM sensing to iPSC differentiation calls for new in vitro methods. Conveniently, engineered biomaterials activating controlled integrin-mediated responses through chemical, physical, and geometrical designs are key to resolving this issue and could foster clinical translation of optimized iPSC-based technology. This review introduces the main integrin-dependent mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in mechanotransduction. Special consideration is given to the integrin-iPSC linkage signalling chain in the cardiovascular field, focusing on biomaterial-based in vitro models to evaluate the relevance of this process in iPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lorenzo Perrucci
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan, Italy
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16
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Covalent immobilization of fibroblast-derived matrix on metallic stent for expeditious re-endothelialization. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Paoletti C, Divieto C, Chiono V. Impact of Biomaterials on Differentiation and Reprogramming Approaches for the Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2018; 7:E114. [PMID: 30134618 PMCID: PMC6162411 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) represents one major barrier to heart regeneration and functional recovery. The combination of different cell sources and different biomaterials have been investigated to generate CMs by differentiation or reprogramming approaches although at low efficiency. This critical review article discusses the role of biomaterial platforms integrating biochemical instructive cues as a tool for the effective generation of functional CMs. The report firstly introduces MI and the main cardiac regenerative medicine strategies under investigation. Then, it describes the main stem cell populations and indirect and direct reprogramming approaches for cardiac regenerative medicine. A third section discusses the main techniques for the characterization of stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Another section describes the main biomaterials investigated for stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Finally, a critical analysis of the scientific literature is presented for an efficient generation of functional CMs. The authors underline the need for biomimetic, reproducible and scalable biomaterial platforms and their integration with external physical stimuli in controlled culture microenvironments for the generation of functional CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Paoletti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Carla Divieto
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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18
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Boffito M, Di Meglio F, Mozetic P, Giannitelli SM, Carmagnola I, Castaldo C, Nurzynska D, Sacco AM, Miraglia R, Montagnani S, Vitale N, Brancaccio M, Tarone G, Basoli F, Rainer A, Trombetta M, Ciardelli G, Chiono V. Surface functionalization of polyurethane scaffolds mimicking the myocardial microenvironment to support cardiac primitive cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199896. [PMID: 29979710 PMCID: PMC6034803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds populated with human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent a therapeutic opportunity for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. In this work, square-grid scaffolds are prepared by melt-extrusion additive manufacturing from a polyurethane (PU), further subjected to plasma treatment for acrylic acid surface grafting/polymerization and finally grafted with laminin-1 (PU-LN1) or gelatin (PU-G) by carbodiimide chemistry. LN1 is a cardiac niche extracellular matrix component and plays a key role in heart formation during embryogenesis, while G is a low-cost cell-adhesion protein, here used as a control functionalizing molecule. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows nitrogen percentage increase after functionalization. O1s and C1s core-level spectra and static contact angle measurements show changes associated with successful functionalization. ELISA assay confirms LN1 surface grafting. PU-G and PU-LN1 scaffolds both improve CPC adhesion, but LN1 functionalization is superior in promoting proliferation, protection from apoptosis and expression of differentiation markers for cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PU-LN1 and PU scaffolds are biodegraded into non-cytotoxic residues. Scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in mice evoke weak inflammation and integrate with the host tissue, evidencing a significant blood vessel density around the scaffolds. PU-LN1 scaffolds show their superiority in driving CPC behavior, evidencing their promising role in myocardial regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Di Meglio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St.Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Carmagnola
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Miraglia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Tissue Engineering Unit, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
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19
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Di Meglio F, Nurzynska D, Romano V, Miraglia R, Belviso I, Sacco AM, Barbato V, Di Gennaro M, Granato G, Maiello C, Montagnani S, Castaldo C. Optimization of Human Myocardium Decellularization Method for the Construction of Implantable Patches. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:525-539. [PMID: 28683653 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering by means of synthetic or natural scaffolds combined with stem/progenitor cells is emerging as the response to the unsatisfactory outcome of approaches based solely on the injection of cells. Parenchymal and supporting cells are surrounded, in vivo, by a specialized and tissue-specific microenvironment, consisting mainly of extracellular matrix (ECM) and soluble factors incorporated in the ECM. Since the naturally occurring ECM is the ideal platform for ensuring cell engraftment, survival, proliferation, and differentiation, the acellular native ECM appears by far the most promising and appealing substrate among all biomaterials tested so far. To obtain intact scaffold of human native cardiac ECM while preserving its composition, we compared the decellularized ECM (d-ECM) produced through five different protocols of decellularization (named Pr1, Pr2, Pr3, Pr4, and Pr5) in terms of efficiency of decellularization, composition, and three-dimensional architecture of d-ECM scaffolds and of their suitability for cell repopulation. The decellularization procedures proved substantially different. Specifically, only three, of the five protocols tested, proved effective in producing thoroughly acellular d-ECM. In addition, the d-ECM delivered differed in architecture and composition and, more importantly, in its ability to support engraftment, survival, and differentiation of cardiac primitive cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Di Meglio
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Nurzynska
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Romano
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Miraglia
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Belviso
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Barbato
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Di Gennaro
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Granato
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplants, Azienda Ospedaliera Monaldi , Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Clotilde Castaldo
- 1 Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
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20
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Normal versus Pathological Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix Differentially Modulates Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Paracrine Properties and Commitment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7396462. [PMID: 28740514 PMCID: PMC5504962 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7396462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are under clinical evaluation as a therapeutic product for cardiac regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, limited engraftment and differentiation potential of transplanted cells significantly hamper therapeutic success. Moreover, maladaptive remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during heart failure progression provides impaired biological and mechanical signals to cardiac cells, including CPCs. In this study, we aimed at investigating the differential effect on the phenotype of human CDCs of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM substrates from healthy or diseased hearts, named, respectively, normal or pathological cardiogel (CG-N/P). After 7 days of culture, results show increased levels of cardiogenic gene expression (NKX2.5, CX43) on both decellularized cardiogels compared to control, while the proportion and staining patterns of GATA4, OCT4, NKX2.5, ACTA1, VIM, and CD90-positive CPCs were not affected, as assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses. Nonetheless, CDCs cultured on CG-N secreted significantly higher levels of osteopontin, FGF6, FGF7, NT-3, IGFBP4, and TIMP-2 compared to those cultured on CG-P, suggesting overall a reduced trophic and antiremodelling paracrine profile of CDCs when in contact with ECM from pathological cardiac fibroblasts. These results provide novel insights into the bidirectional interplay between cardiac ECM and CPCs, potentially affecting CPC biology and regenerative potential.
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21
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Fibroblasts as maestros orchestrating tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:240-251. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Xing Q, Qian Z, Jia W, Ghosh A, Tahtinen M, Zhao F. Natural Extracellular Matrix for Cellular and Tissue Biomanufacturing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1462-1476. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xing
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zichen Qian
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Avik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Mitchell Tahtinen
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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23
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Civitarese RA, Kapus A, McCulloch CA, Connelly KA. Role of integrins in mediating cardiac fibroblast–cardiomyocyte cross talk: a dynamic relationship in cardiac biology and pathophysiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 112:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Ali M, Raghunathan V, Li JY, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM. Biomechanical relationships between the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. Exp Eye Res 2016; 152:57-70. [PMID: 27639516 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The posterior face of the cornea consists of the corneal endothelium, a monolayer of cuboidal cells that secrete and attach to Descemet's membrane, an exaggerated basement membrane. Dysfunction of the endothelium compromises the barrier and pump functions of this layer that maintain corneal deturgesence. A large number of corneal endothelial dystrophies feature irregularities in Descemet's membrane, suggesting that cells create and respond to the biophysical signals offered by their underlying matrix. This review provides an overview of the bidirectional relationship between Descemet's membrane and the corneal endothelium. Several experimental methods have characterized a richly topographic and compliant biophysical microenvironment presented by the posterior surface of Descemet's membrane, as well as the ultrastructure and composition of the membrane as it builds during a lifetime. We highlight the signaling pathways involved in the mechanotransduction of biophysical cues that influence cell behavior. We present the specific example of Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy as a condition in which a dysregulated Descemet's membrane may influence the progression of disease. Finally, we discuss some disease models and regenerative strategies that may facilitate improved treatments for corneal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ali
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Jennifer Y Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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25
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Kshitiz, Afzal J, Kim DH, Levchenko A. Concise review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP regulates a switch between cardiomyogenic and endothelial lineages in adult cardiac progenitors. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1999-2007. [PMID: 24710857 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit(+) multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit(+) cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit(+) subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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26
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Pasipoularides A. Mechanotransduction Mechanisms for Intraventricular Diastolic Vortex Forces and Myocardial Deformations: Part 2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:293-318. [PMID: 25971844 PMCID: PMC4519381 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental in cardiac adaptations, remodeling, reverse remodeling, and disease. A primary goal of translational cardiovascular research is recognizing whether disease-related changes in phenotype can be averted by eliminating or reducing the effects of environmental epigenetic risks. There may be significant medical benefits in using gene-by-environment interaction knowledge to prevent or reverse organ abnormalities and disease. This survey proposes that "environmental" forces associated with diastolic RV/LV rotatory flows exert important, albeit still unappreciated, epigenetic actions influencing functional and morphological cardiac adaptations. Mechanisms analogous to Murray's law of hydrodynamic shear-induced endothelial cell modulation of vascular geometry are likely to link diastolic vortex-associated shear, torque and "squeeze" forces to RV/LV adaptations. The time has come to explore a new paradigm in which such forces play a fundamental epigenetic role, and to work out how heart cells react to them. Findings from various imaging modalities, computational fluid dynamics, molecular cell biology and cytomechanics are considered. The following are examined, among others: structural dynamics of myocardial cells (endocardium, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts), cytoskeleton, nucleoskeleton, and extracellular matrix; mechanotransduction and signaling; and mechanical epigenetic influences on genetic expression. To help integrate and focus relevant pluridisciplinary research, rotatory RV/LV filling flow is placed within a working context that has a cytomechanics perspective. This new frontier in cardiac research should uncover versatile mechanistic insights linking filling vortex patterns and attendant forces to variable expressions of gene regulation in RV/LV myocardium. In due course, it should reveal intrinsic homeostatic arrangements that support ventricular myocardial function and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Pasipoularides
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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27
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Alrefai MT, Murali D, Paul A, Ridwan KM, Connell JM, Shum-Tim D. Cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration using cell-based therapy. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:81-101. [PMID: 25999743 PMCID: PMC4437607 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s54204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering represent a forefront of current research in the treatment of heart disease. With these technologies, advancements are being made into therapies for acute ischemic myocardial injury and chronic, otherwise nonreversible, myocardial failure. The current clinical management of cardiac ischemia deals with reestablishing perfusion to the heart but not dealing with the irreversible damage caused by the occlusion or stenosis of the supplying vessels. The applications of these new technologies are not yet fully established as part of the management of cardiac diseases but will become so in the near future. The discussion presented here reviews some of the pioneering works at this new frontier. Key results of allogeneic and autologous stem cell trials are presented, including the use of embryonic, bone marrow-derived, adipose-derived, and resident cardiac stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Alrefai
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Divya Murali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Khalid M Ridwan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John M Connell
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada ; Division of Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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Shen A, Hou X, Yang D, Liu T, Zheng D, Deng L, Zhou T. Role of osteoprotegerin and its gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertensive patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e154. [PMID: 25546658 PMCID: PMC4602608 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) development in patients with essential hypertension (EH). A total of 1092 patients diagnosed with EH were recruited. The LVHs were determined and OPG gene polymorphisms were genotyped. Patients with LVH had a significantly higher mean serum OPG level than those without LVH. The 1181CC genotype carriers had significantly lower risk for LVH compared with GC and GG genotype carriers. The serum OPG level and OPG 1181 G>C polymorphism were found to be independent risk factors for the occurrence of LVH in hypertensive patients. In vitro study shows that OPG overexpression upregulates cell surface size, protein synthesis per cell, and hypertrophy- and fibrosis-related proteins in both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, whereas OPG inhibition can abolish the above-mentioned changes. Consistent with the in vitro data, our in vivo study revealed that the OPG administration induced the LVH in hypertensive rats. This study is the first to report the close association between OPG and LVH development in EH patients and the regulatory effect of OPG on cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology, TheThird Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.183, West Zhongshan Ave, Tianhe District, Guangzhou (AS, DY, TL, DZ, TZ); Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 261 huasha Road, Hangzhou (XH); and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 Southern Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang (LD), Guangdong, China
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29
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Gishto A, Farrell K, Kothapalli CR. Tuning composition and architecture of biomimetic scaffolds for enhanced matrix synthesis by murine cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:693-708. [PMID: 24798055 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A major onset of heart failure is myocardial infarction, which causes the myocardium to lose cardiomyocytes and transform into a scar tissue. Since mammalian infarcted cardiac tissue has a limited ability to regenerate, alternative strategies including implantation of tissue-engineered scaffolds at the site of damaged myocardium have been explored. The goal is to enable in situ cardiac reconstruction at the injured myocardium site, replace the lost cardiomyocytes, deliver the required biomolecules, and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM synthesis and deposition by cardiomyocytes within such scaffolds remains categorically unexplored. Here, we investigated the survival, ECM synthesis and deposition, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release by cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional (3D) substrates. Rat cardiomyocytes were cultured for three weeks within two structurally different substrates: 3D collagen hydrogels or polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds. The concentration and composition of the hydrogels was varied, while PCL nanofibers were surface-modified with various ECM proteins. Results showed that myocyte attachment and survival was higher within collagen hydrogels, while myocyte alignment and beating was noted only within PCL scaffolds. Total protein synthesis by myocytes within PCL scaffolds was significantly higher compared to that within collagen hydrogels, although more protein was deposited as matrix within hydrogels. Significant ECM synthesis and matrix deposition, TIMP-1, and MMP release were noted within modified collagen hydrogels and PCL nanofiber scaffolds. These results were qualitatively confirmed by imaging techniques. Results attest to the prominent role of scaffold composition and architecture in influencing cardiomyocyte phenotype, matrix synthesis and cytokines release, with significant applications in cardiac tissue remodeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsela Gishto
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44115
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30
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Fang YB, Liu X, Wen J, Tang XJ, Yu FX, Deng MB, Wu CX, Liao B. Differentiation induction of mouse cardiac stem cells into sinus node-like cells by co-culturing with sinus node. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1868-1879. [PMID: 24966897 PMCID: PMC4069922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sinus nodal cells can generate a diastolic or "pacemaker" depolarization at the end of an action potential driving the membrane potential slowly up to the threshold for firing the next action potential. It has been proved that adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) can differentiate into sinus nodal cells by demethylating agent. However, there is no report about adult CSCs-derived sinus nodal cells with pacemaker current (the funny current, I f). In this study, we isolated the mouse adult CSCs from mouse hearts by the method of tissue explants adherence. The expression of c-kit protein indicated the isolation of CSCs. Then we co-cultured mouse CSCs with mouse sinus node tissue to induce the differentiation of these CSCs into sinus node-like cells, which was proved by identifying the enhanced expression of marker proteins cTnI, cTnT and α-Actinin with Immunofluorescence staining. At the same time, with whole-cell patch-clamp we detected the I f current, which can be blocked by CsCl, in these differentiated cells. In conclusion, by confirming specific I f current in the induced node-like cells, our work shows a method inducing differentiation of CSCs into sinus node-like cells, which can provide helpful information for the further research on sick sinus syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bing Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Electrophysiology, Institute of Cardiovasology, Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xu Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Bin Deng
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Xue Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeSichuan, P. R. China
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31
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Tao H, Shi KH, Yang JJ, Huang C, Zhan HY, Li J. Histone deacetylases in cardiac fibrosis: current perspectives for therapy. Cell Signal 2013; 26:521-7. [PMID: 24321371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological feature of cardiac remodeling in heart diseases. The molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are unknown. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that balance the acetylation activities of histone acetyltransferases on chromatin remodeling and play essential roles in regulating gene transcription. In recent years, the role of HDACs in cardiac fibrosis initiation and progression, as well as the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors, has been well studied. Moreover, numerous studies indicated that HDAC activity is associated with the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis. In this review, the innovative aspects of HDACs are discussed, with respect to biogenesis, their role in cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, the potential applications of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis associated with fibroblast activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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