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Su RR, Pan BQ, Luo YX, Zheng XL, Lu W, Wang XY. Characterization of bacterial diversity and screening of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the gut system of Glenea cantor (Fabricius) larvae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1340168. [PMID: 38456003 PMCID: PMC10919226 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1340168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal bacteria of longhorn beetles would be ideal targets for pest control and lignocellulosic resources by destroying or exploiting their cellulose-degrading function. This article aims to investigate the diversity and community structure of intestinal bacteria the oligophagous longhorn beetle Glenea cantor. Additionally, it seeks to identify the presence of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria in the gut, and explore their role in consuming host kapok trees Bombax malabaricum. In this study, the bacterial community from G. cantor was examined by Illumina sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) targeting the V3 and V4 regions. A total of 563,201 valid sequences and 814 OTUs were obtained. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, and the dominant genera were Acinetobacter and Lactococcus. The analysis of microbial diversity revealed a high bacterial diversity in the samples, with the gut bacteria playing a crucial role in the physiological activities of the host, particularly, 9 genera of intestinal bacteria with cellulose degradation function were found, highlighting their vital role in cellulose degradation. Five strains of cellulose-degrading bacteria, belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, were obtained from the intestinal tract of G. cantor larvae using traditional isolation and culture techniques as well as 16S rDNA sequencing. Among these strains, A4 exhibited a cellulase activity of 94.42 ± 0.42 U/mL, while A5 displayed the highest filter paper enzyme activity of 127.46 ± 3.54 U/mL. These results offered valuable insights into potential targets for pest control through internal attack digestion and cellulose-degrading bacteria in longhorn beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Gouda MNR, Subramanian S, Kumar A, Ramakrishnan B. Microbial ensemble in the hives: deciphering the intricate gut ecosystem of hive and forager bees of Apis mellifera. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:262. [PMID: 38302671 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome of honey bees significantly influences vital traits and metabolic processes, including digestion, detoxification, nutrient provision, development, and immunity. However, there is a limited information is available on the gut bacterial diversity of western honey bee populations in India. This study addresses the critical knowledge gap and outcome of which would benefit the beekeepers in India. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the gut bacterial diversity in forager and hive bees of Indian Apis mellifera, employing both culture-based and culture-independent methods. In the culturable study, a distinct difference in gut bacterial alpha and beta diversity between forager and hive bees emerges. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominate, with hive bees exhibiting a Firmicutes-rich gut (65%), while foragers showcase a higher proportion of Proteobacteria (37%). Lactobacillus in the hive bee foregut aligns with the findings by other researchers. Bacterial amplicon sequencing analysisreveals a more intricate bacterial composition with 18 identified phyla, expanding our understanding compared to culturable methods. Hive bees exhibit higher community richness and diversity, likely due to diverse diets and increased social interactions. The core microbiota includes Snodgrassella alvi, Gilliamella apicola, and Bombilactobacillus mellis and Lactobacillus helsingborgensis, crucial for digestion, metabolism, and pathogen resistance. The study emphasises bacteria's role in pollen and nectar digestion, with specific groups like Lactobacillus and Bifidobobacterium spp. associated with carbohydrate metabolism and polysaccharide breakdown. These microbes aid in starch and sucrose digestion, releasing beneficial short-chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION This research highlights the intricate relationship between honey bees and their gut microbiota, showcasing how the diverse and complex microbiome helps bees overcome dietary challenges and enhances overall host health. Understanding these interactions contributes to bee ecology knowledge and has implications for honey bee health management, emphasising the need for further exploration and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Rudra Gouda
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sabtharishi Subramanian
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Aundy Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Cameirão C, Costa D, Rufino J, Pereira JA, Lino-Neto T, Baptista P. Diversity, Composition, and Specificity of the Philaenus spumarius Bacteriome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:298. [PMID: 38399702 PMCID: PMC10893442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) was recently classified as a pest due to its ability to act as a vector of the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa. This insect has been reported to harbour several symbiotic bacteria that play essential roles in P. spumarius health and fitness. However, the factors driving bacterial assemblages remain largely unexplored. Here, the bacteriome associated with different organs (head, abdomen, and genitalia) of males and females of P. spumarius was characterized using culturally dependent and independent methods and compared in terms of diversity and composition. The bacteriome of P. spumarius is enriched in Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria phyla, as well as in Candidatus Sulcia and Cutibacterium genera. The most frequent isolates were Curtobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobiaceae sp.1. Males display a more diverse bacterial community than females, but no differences in diversity were found in distinct organs. However, the organ shapes the bacteriome structure more than sex, with the Microbacteriaceae family revealing a high level of organ specificity and the Blattabacteriaceae family showing a high level of sex specificity. Several symbiotic bacterial genera were identified in P. spumarius for the first time, including Rhodococcus, Citrobacter, Halomonas, Streptomyces, and Providencia. Differences in the bacterial composition within P. spumarius organs and sexes suggest an adaptation of bacteria to particular insect tissues, potentially shaped by their significance in the life and overall fitness of P. spumarius. Although more research on the bacteria of P. spumarius interactions is needed, such knowledge could help to develop specific bacterial-based insect management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cameirão
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.A.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Daniela Costa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.L.-N.)
| | - José Rufino
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.A.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.L.-N.)
| | - Paula Baptista
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.A.P.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
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4
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Wang X, Wang H, Zeng J, Cui Z, Geng S, Song X, Zhang F, Su X, Li H. Distinct gut bacterial composition in Anoplophora glabripennis reared on two host plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199994. [PMID: 37405158 PMCID: PMC10315502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to forests. Gut bacteria are of great importance in the biology and ecology of herbivores, especially in growth and adaptation; however, change in the gut bacterial community of this pest feeding on different hosts is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of A. glabripennis larvae fed on different preferred hosts, Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila, using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 15 phyla, 25 classes, 65 orders, 114 families, 188 genera, and 170 species were annotated in the gut of A. glabripennis larvae fed on S. matsudana or U. pumila using a 97% similarity cutoff level. The dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the core dominant genera were Enterococcus, Gibbsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella. There was significantly higher alpha diversity in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, and principal co-ordinate analysis showed significant differences in gut bacterial communities between the two groups. The genera with significant abundance differences between the two groups were Gibbsiella, Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Rhodobacter, TM7a, norank, Rhodobacter, and Aurantisolimonas, indicating that the abundance of larval gut bacteria was affected by feeding on different hosts. Further network diagrams showed that the complexity of the network structure and the modularity were higher in the U. pumila group than in the S. matsudana group, suggesting more diverse gut bacteria in the U. pumila group. The dominant role of most gut microbiota was related to fermentation and chemoheterotrophy, and specific OTUs positively correlated with different functions were reported. Our study provides an essential resource for the gut bacteria functional study of A. glabripennis associated with host diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hualing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianyong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zezhao Cui
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Shilong Geng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Huiping Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Xie R, Dong C, Wang S, Danso B, Dar MA, Pandit RS, Pawar KD, Geng A, Zhu D, Li X, Xu Q, Sun J. Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion. INSECTS 2023; 14:403. [PMID: 37103218 PMCID: PMC10146277 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungus-growing termites are eusocial insects that represent one of the most efficient and unique systems for lignocellulose bioconversion, evolved from a sophisticated symbiosis with lignocellulolytic fungi and gut bacterial communities. Despite a plethora of information generated during the last century, some essential information on gut bacterial profiles and their unique contributions to wood digestion in some fungus-growing termites is still inadequate. Hence, using the culture-dependent approach, the present study aims to assess and compare the diversity of lignocellulose-degrading bacterial symbionts within the gut systems of three fungus-growing termites: Ancistrotermes pakistanicus, Odontotermes longignathus, and Macrotermes sp. A total of 32 bacterial species, belonging to 18 genera and 10 different families, were successfully isolated and identified from three fungus-growing termites using Avicel or xylan as the sole source of carbon. Enterobacteriaceae was the most dominant family represented by 68.1% of the total bacteria, followed by Yersiniaceae (10.6%) and Moraxellaceae (9%). Interestingly, five bacterial genera such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Trabulsiella, and Kluyvera were common among the tested termites, while the other bacteria demonstrated a termite-specific distribution. Further, the lignocellulolytic potential of selected bacterial strains was tested on agricultural waste to evaluate their capability for lignocellulose bioconversion. The highest substrate degradation was achieved with E. chengduensis MA11 which degraded 45.52% of rice straw. All of the potential strains showed endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities depicting a symbiotic role towards the lignocellulose digestion within the termite gut. The above results indicated that fungus-growing termites harbor a diverse array of bacterial symbionts that differ from species to species, which may play an inevitable role to enhance the degradation efficacy in lignocellulose decomposition. The present study further elaborates our knowledge about the termite-bacteria symbiosis for lignocellulose bioconversion which could be helpful to design a future biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chenchen Dong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Blessing Danso
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mudasir A. Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Kiran D. Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Alei Geng
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Degueldre F, Aron S. Long-term sperm storage in eusocial Hymenoptera. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:567-583. [PMID: 36397639 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In internally fertilizing species, sperm transfer is not always immediately followed by egg fertilization, and female sperm storage (FSS) may occur. FSS is a phenomenon in which females store sperm in a specialized organ for periods lasting from a few hours to several years, depending on the species. Eusocial hymenopterans (ants, social bees, and social wasps) hold the record for FSS duration. In these species, mating takes place during a single nuptial flight that occurs early in adult life for both sexes; they never mate again. Males die quickly after copulation but survive posthumously as sperm stored in their mates' spermathecae. Reproductive females, also known as queens, have a much longer life expectancy, up to 20 years in some species. Here, we review what is currently known about the molecular adaptations underlying the remarkable FSS capacities in eusocial hymenopterans. Because sperm quality is crucial to the reproductive success of both sexes, we also discuss the mechanisms involved in sperm storage and preservation in the male seminal vesicles prior to ejaculation. Finally, we propose future research directions that should broaden our understanding of this unique biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Degueldre
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Aron
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, CP 160/12, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Wang X, Wang H, Su X, Zhang J, Bai J, Zeng J, Li H. Dynamic changes of gut bacterial communities present in larvae of Anoplophora glabripennies collected at different developmental stages. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21978. [PMID: 36377756 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennies (Motschulsky), is a destructive wood-boring pest that is capable of killing healthy trees. Gut bacteria in the larvae of the wood-boring pest is essential for the fitness of hosts. However, little is known about the structure of the intestinal microbiome of A. glabripennies during larval development. Here, we used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the larval intestinal bacterial communities of A. glabripennies at the stages of newly hatched larvae, 1st instar larvae and 4th instar larvae. Significant differences were found in larval gut microbial community structure at different larvae developmental stages. Different dominant genus was detected during larval development. Acinetobacter were dominant in the newly hatched larvae, Enterobacter and Raoultella in the 1st instar larvae, and Enterococcus and Gibbsiella in the 4th instar larvae. The microbial richness in the newly hatched larvae was higher than those in the 1st and 4th instar larvae. Many important functions of the intestinal microbiome were predicted, for example, fermentation and chemoheterotrophy functions that may play an important role in insect growth and development was detected in the bacteria at all tested stages. However, some specific functions are found to be associated with different development stages. Our study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the function of the intestinal symbiosis bacteria of A. glabripennies.
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Affiliation(s)
- XueFei Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - HuaLing Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
| | - XiaoYu Su
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - JiaWei Bai
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
| | - JianYong Zeng
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Germplasm Resources and Protection of Hebei Province, Hebei, China
| | - HuiPing Li
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei, China
- Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei, China
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Dar MA, Xie R, Pandit RS, Danso B, Dong C, Sun J. Exploring the region-wise diversity and functions of symbiotic bacteria in the gut system of wood-feeding termite, Coptotermes formosanus, toward the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and organic dyes. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1414-1432. [PMID: 35134272 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus represents a unique and impressive system for lignocellulose degradation. The highly efficient digestion of lignocellulose is achieved through symbiosis with gut symbionts like bacteria. Despite extensive research during the last three decades, diversity of bacterial symbionts residing in individual gut regions of the termite and their associated functions is still lacking. To this end, cellulose, xylan, and dye-decolorization bacteria residing in foregut, midgut, and hindgut regions of C. formosanus were enlisted by using enrichment and culture-dependent molecular methods. A total of 87 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from different gut regions of C. formosanus which belonged to 27 different species of 10 genera, majorly affiliated with Proteobacteria (80%) and Firmicutes (18.3%). Among the gut regions, 37.9% of the total bacterial isolates were observed in the hindgut that demonstrated predominance of cellulolytic bacteria (47.6%). The majority of the xylanolytic and dye-decolorization bacteria (50%) were obtained from the foregut and midgut, respectively. Actinobacteria represented by Dietza sp. was observed in the hindgut only. Based on species richness, the highest diversity was observed in midgut and hindgut regions each of which harbored seven unique bacterial species. The members of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were common among the gut regions. The lignocellulolytic activities of the selected potential bacteria signpost their assistance to the host for lignocellulose digestion. The overall results indicate that C. formosanus harbors diverse communities of lignocellulolytic bacteria in different regions of the gut system. These observations will significantly advance our understanding of the termite-bacteria symbiosis and their microbial ecology uniquely existed in different gut regions of C. formosanus, which may further shed a light on its potential values at termite-modeled biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Blessing Danso
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chenchen Dong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang F, Xie H, Su L, Song A. Biodegradation of Gramineous Lignocellulose by Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:943692. [PMID: 35928946 PMCID: PMC9343829 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.943692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring an efficient and green pretreatment method is an important prerequisite for the development of biorefinery. It is well known that locusts can degrade gramineous lignocellulose efficiently. Locusts can be used as a potential resource for studying plant cell wall degradation, but there are few relative studies about locusts so far. Herein, some new discoveries were revealed about elucidating the process of biodegradation of gramineous lignocellulose in Locusta migratoria manilensis. The enzyme activity related to lignocellulose degradation and the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the different gut segments of locusts fed corn leaves were measured in this study. A series of characterization analyses were conducted on corn leaves and locust feces, which included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. These results showed that the highest activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPA), and xylanase were obtained in the foregut of locusts, which strongly indicated that the foregut was the main lignocellulose degradation segment in locusts; furthermore, the majority of nutritional components were absorbed in the midgut of locusts. The activity of CMCase was significantly higher than that of xylanase, and manganese peroxidase (MnPase) activity was lowest, which might be due to the basic nutrition of locusts being cellulose and hemicellulose and not lignin based on the results of FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TG analysis. Overall, these results provided a valuable insight into lignocellulosic degradation mechanisms for understanding gramineous plant cell wall deconstruction and recalcitrance in locusts, which could be useful in the development of new enzymatic pretreatment processes mimicking the locust digestive system for the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Su
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Su, ; Andong Song,
| | - Andong Song
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Su, ; Andong Song,
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Korša A, Lo LK, Gandhi S, Bang C, Kurtz J. Oral Immune Priming Treatment Alters Microbiome Composition in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:793143. [PMID: 35495655 PMCID: PMC9043903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.793143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that the microbiome is relevant for many of an organism’s properties and that its composition reacts dynamically to various conditions. The microbiome interacts with host immunity and can play important roles in the defenses against pathogens. In invertebrates, immune priming, that is, improved survival upon secondary exposure to a previously encountered pathogen, can be dependent upon the presence of the gut microbiome. However, it is currently unknown whether the microbiome changes upon priming treatment. We here addressed this question in a well-established model for immune priming, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum exposed to the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). After priming treatments, the microbiota composition of beetle larvae was assessed by deep sequencing of the V1-V2 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. We compared the effect of two established routes of priming treatments in this system: injection priming with heat-killed Bt and oral priming via ingestion of filtered sterilized bacterial spore culture supernatants. For oral priming, we used several strains of Bt known to vary in their ability to induce priming. Our study revealed changes in microbiome composition following the oral priming treatment with two different strains of Bt, only one of which (Bt tenebrionis, Btt) is known to lead to improved survival. In contrast, injection priming treatment with the same bacterial strain did not result in microbiome changes. Combined with the previous results indicating that oral priming with Btt depends on the larval microbiome, this suggests that certain members of the microbiome could be involved in forming an oral priming response in the red flour beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Korša
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lai Ka Lo
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Shrey Gandhi
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Nitrogen Acquisition Strategies Mediated by Insect Symbionts: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Methodologies, and Case Studies. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010084. [PMID: 35055927 PMCID: PMC8781418 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nitrogen acquisition strategies mediated by insect symbionts through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and nitrogenous waste recycling (NWR) were reviewed and compared in our paper, and a model for nitrogen provisioning in insects was then constructed. In our model, (1) insects acquired nitrogen nutrition from food stuffs directly, and the subprime channels (e.g., BNF or NWR) for nitrogen provisioning were accelerated when the available nitrogen in diets could not fully support the normal growth and development of insects; (2) the NWR strategy was more accessible to more insects due to its energy conservation and mild reaction conditions; (3) ammonia produced by different channels was used for essential nitrogenous metabolites synthesis via the glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase pathways. Abstract Nitrogen is usually a restrictive nutrient that affects the growth and development of insects, especially of those living in low nitrogen nutrient niches. In response to the low nitrogen stress, insects have gradually developed symbiont-based stress response strategies—biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogenous waste recycling—to optimize dietary nitrogen intake. Based on the above two patterns, atmospheric nitrogen or nitrogenous waste (e.g., uric acid, urea) is converted into ammonia, which in turn is incorporated into the organism via the glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase pathways. This review summarized the reaction mechanisms, conventional research methods and the various applications of biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogenous waste recycling strategies. Further, we compared the bio-reaction characteristics and conditions of two strategies, then proposed a model for nitrogen provisioning based on different strategies.
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12
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Ge SX, Shi FM, Pei JH, Hou ZH, Zong SX, Ren LL. Gut Bacteria Associated With Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Their Possible Roles in Host Plant Adaptations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687211. [PMID: 34234761 PMCID: PMC8256174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important native pest in the pine forests of northeast China and a dispersing vector of an invasive species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. To investigate the bacterial gut diversity of M. saltuarius larvae in different host species, and infer the role of symbiotic bacteria in host adaptation, we used 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics processing to obtain and compare the composition of the bacterial community and metabolites in the midguts of larvae feeding on three host tree species: Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and Pinus tabuliformis. Metabolomics in xylem samples from the three aforementioned hosts were also performed. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the larval gut. At the genus level, Klebsiella, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, and Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia were most dominant in P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica feeders, while Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia, Dyella, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Mycobacterium were most dominant in P. tabuliformis feeders. Bacterial communities were similar in diversity in P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica feeders, while communities were highly diverse in P. tabuliformis feeders. Compared with the other two tree species, P. tabuliformis xylems had more diverse and abundant secondary metabolites, while larvae feeding on these trees had a stronger metabolic capacity for secondary metabolites than the other two host feeders. Correlation analysis of the association of microorganisms with metabolic features showed that dominant bacterial genera in P. tabuliformis feeders were more negatively correlated with plant secondary metabolites than those of other host tree feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xun Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ming Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-He Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hai Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Xiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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13
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Dar MA, Shaikh AF, Pawar KD, Xie R, Sun J, Kandasamy S, Pandit RS. Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a widely distributed, devastating pest of over 200 crop plants that mainly consist of some cellulosic materials. Despite its economic importance as a pest, little is known about the diversity and community structure of gut symbiotic bacteria potentially functioned in cellulose digestion in different gut-sections of H. armigera. In view of this lacuna, we attempted to evaluate and characterize cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from foregut, midgut, and hindgut -regions of H. armigera by using a culture-dependent approach.
Methodology
The symbiotic bacteria were isolated from different gut-systems of H. armigera by enrichment techniques using Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as carbon source. The isolated bacteria were purified and subsequently screened for cellulose-degradation by plate-based method to display the zones of CMC clearance around the colonies. The identification and phylogeny of the gut-bacteria were reconstructed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different enzymes such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase were assayed to determine the cellulolytic repertoire of the isolated bacteria.
Results
The enrichment of CDB and subsequent plate based screening methods resulted in isolation of 71 bacteria among which 54% of the bacteria were obtained from foregut. Among the isolated bacteria, 25 isolates showed discernible cellulose-degradation potential on CMC-agar plates. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing affiliated these cellulolytic bacteria to two major phyla viz., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The members of the genus Klebsiella accounted for 39.43% of the total isolated bacteria while 31% of the Bacillus strains were enriched from hindgut region. The principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the members of Bacillus and Klebsiella together dominated the foregut and hindgut regions as they accounted for 68% of the total CDB. The four potential isolates selected on the basis of plate-based activities were further evaluated for their lignocellulases production by using various agricultural wastes as substrates. The PCA of the enzyme activities demonstrated that potential isolates majorly secreted endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes. Among the agro-wastes, multivariate analysis validated wheat husk (WH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as most favorable substrates for xylanase and endoglucanase productions respectively. The overall findings suggest that H. armigera harbors diverse bacterial communities in different gut-sections that could assist the host in digestion processes, which may potentially serve as a valuable reservoir of some unique symbionts applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A. Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Afrin F. Shaikh
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran D. Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Radhakrishna S. Pandit
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Song Y, Shi J, Xiong Z, Shentu X, Yu X. Three antimicrobials alter gut microbial communities and causing different mortality of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104806. [PMID: 33838707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The symbionts in the gut of brown planthopper play an important role in the nutrition utilization and growth of their host, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Controlling the BPH infection on rice by inhibiting the symbionts using antimicrobials is feasible. However, the impact of antimicrobials on the microbiome in the gut has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found the mortality reached 35.5%, 33.1% and 19.4%, when BPHs were exposed to toyocamycin, tebuconazole, and zhongshengmycin, respectively. Significant differences were found between the structures of gut microbial communities in adult BPHs treated with different antimicrobials and water. The antimicrobials reduced the fungal diversity by reducing the non-dominant fungi abundance, and increased bacterial diversity by inhibiting the dominant bacteria Acinetobacter in the gut. The diversification of taxonomic groups in gut depended on the different selective stress of antimicrobials. For the microbial absolute abundance, the total microbial gut community abundance decreased under antimicrobial exposure, but the absolute abundance of Serratia significantly increased in the antimicrobial treatment group. Overall, our study enriched the knowledge of microbiomes in the gut of BPH under the antimicrobial treatment and provided guidelines to enhance the pest management effect of BPH by using antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiateng Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenze Xiong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuping Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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15
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Bredon M, Depuydt E, Brisson L, Moulin L, Charles C, Haenn S, Moumen B, Bouchon D. Effects of Dysbiosis and Dietary Manipulation on the Digestive Microbiota of a Detritivorous Arthropod. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010148. [PMID: 33440837 PMCID: PMC7826753 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The crucial role of microbes in the evolution, development, health, and ecological interactions of multicellular organisms is now widely recognized in the holobiont concept. However, the structure and stability of microbiota are highly dependent on abiotic and biotic factors, especially in the gut, which can be colonized by transient bacteria depending on the host’s diet. We studied these impacts by manipulating the digestive microbiota of the detritivore Armadillidium vulgare and analyzing the consequences on its structure and function. Hosts were exposed to initial starvation and then were fed diets that varied the different components of lignocellulose. A total of 72 digestive microbiota were analyzed according to the type of the diet (standard or enriched in cellulose, lignin, or hemicellulose) and the period following dysbiosis. The results showed that microbiota from the hepatopancreas were very stable and resilient, while the most diverse and labile over time were found in the hindgut. Dysbiosis and selective diets may have affected the host fitness by altering the structure of the microbiota and its predicted functions. Overall, these modifications can therefore have effects not only on the holobiont, but also on the “eco-holobiont” conceptualization of macroorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bredon
- UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (M.B.); (E.D.); (L.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Depuydt
- UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (M.B.); (E.D.); (L.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Lucas Brisson
- UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (M.B.); (E.D.); (L.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Laurent Moulin
- Eau de Paris, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement pour la Qualité de l’Eau, R&D Biologie, F-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France; (L.M.); (C.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Ciriac Charles
- Eau de Paris, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement pour la Qualité de l’Eau, R&D Biologie, F-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France; (L.M.); (C.C.); (S.H.)
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Haenn
- Eau de Paris, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement pour la Qualité de l’Eau, R&D Biologie, F-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France; (L.M.); (C.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (M.B.); (E.D.); (L.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Didier Bouchon
- UMR CNRS 7267, Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, F-86073 Poitiers, France; (M.B.); (E.D.); (L.B.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-49-45-38-95; Fax: +33-(0)5-49-45-40-15
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16
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Kroetsch SA, Kidd KA, Monk WA, Culp JM, Compson ZG, Pavey SA. The effects of taxonomy, diet, and ecology on the microbiota of riverine macroinvertebrates. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14000-14019. [PMID: 33391698 PMCID: PMC7771166 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater macroinvertebrates play key ecological roles in riverine food webs, such as the transfer of nutrients to consumers and decomposition of organic matter. Although local habitat quality drives macroinvertebrate diversity and abundance, little is known about their microbiota. In most animals, the microbiota provides benefits, such as increasing the rate at which nutrients are metabolized, facilitating immune system development, and defending against pathogenic attack. Our objectives were to identify the bacteria within aquatic invertebrates and determine whether their composition varied with taxonomy, habitat, diet, and time of sample collection. In 2016 and 2017, we collected 264 aquatic invertebrates from the mainstem Saint John (Wolastoq) River in New Brunswick, Canada, representing 15 orders. We then amplified the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene within each individual, which revealed nearly 20,000 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The microbiota across all aquatic invertebrates were dominated by Proteobacteria (69.25% of the total sequence reads), but they differed significantly in beta diversity, both among host invertebrate taxa (genus-, family-, and order-levels) and temporally. In contrast to previous work, we observed no microbiota differences among functional feeding groups or traditional feeding habits, and neither water velocity nor microhabitat type structured microbiota variability. Our findings suggest that host invertebrate taxonomy was the most important factor in modulating the composition of the microbiota, likely through a combination of vertical and horizontal bacterial transmission, and evolutionary processes. This is one of the most comprehensive studies of freshwater invertebrate microbiota to date, and it underscores the need for future studies of invertebrate microbiota evolution and linkages to environmental bacteria and physico-chemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn A. Kroetsch
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of New BrunswickSaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
- Canadian Rivers InstituteUniversity of New BrunswickSaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
| | - Karen A. Kidd
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of New BrunswickSaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
- Canadian Rivers InstituteUniversity of New BrunswickSaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
- Department of Biology and School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Wendy A. Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada @ Canadian Rivers InstituteFaculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada
| | - Joseph M. Culp
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaDepartment of Biology and Geography and Environmental StudiesWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Zacchaeus G. Compson
- Environment and Climate Change Canada @ Canadian Rivers InstituteUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada
- Centre for Environmental Genomics Applications (CEGA)St. John’sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Scott A. Pavey
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of New BrunswickSaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
- Canadian Rivers InstituteUniversity of New BrunswickSaint JohnNew BrunswickCanada
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17
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Insects' potential: Understanding the functional role of their gut microbiome. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113787. [PMID: 33272789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of insect-associated microbial communities is a field of great importance in agriculture, principally because of the role insects play as pests. In addition, there is a recent focus on the potential of the insect gut microbiome in areas such as biotechnology, given some microorganisms produce molecules with biotechnological and industrial applications, and also in biomedicine, since some bacteria and fungi are a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). To date, most studies aiming to characterize the role of the gut microbiome of insects have been based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and/or metagenomics. However, recently functional approaches such as metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics have also been employed. Besides providing knowledge about the taxonomic distribution of microbial populations, these techniques also reveal their functional and metabolic capabilities. This information is essential to gain a better understanding of the role played by microbes comprising the microbial communities in their hosts, as well as to indicate their possible exploitation. This review provides an overview of how far we have come in characterizing insect gut functionality through omics, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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18
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Subta P, Yodsuwan P, Yongsawas R, In-on A, Warrit N, Panha S, Khongphinitbunjong K, Chantawannakul P, Attasopa K, Disayathanoowat T. Bacterial Communities in Three Parts of Intestinal Tracts of Carpenter Bees ( Xylocopa tenuiscapa). INSECTS 2020; 11:E497. [PMID: 32756386 PMCID: PMC7469164 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated different bacterial communities in three intestinal parts (foregut, midgut and hindgut) of Xylocopatenuiscapa to understand the roles of gut bacteria. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that X. tenuiscapa is closely related to Xylocopa latipes. The 16S rRNA gene in the genomic DNA samples from the gut was examined by illumina (Solexa) and a total of 998 operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) clusters were found. Taxonomic classification identified 16 bacterial phyla and unclassified bacteria. The dominant bacteria taxa in the three parts of X. tenuiscapa gut were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. In the foregut, Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriaceae were predominantly found. The population in the midgut was similar to that in the foregut, with the addition of Gilliamella, which was also abundant. The most dominant bacteria identified in the hindgut were similar to those in the midgut and Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriaceae, Gilliamella, Bifidobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae appeared in abundance. Moreover, our results suggest that a community structure of bacteria in different parts of X. tenuiscapa's gut may be an important indicator of carpenter bees' health. This functional study of bacterial communities revealed significant differences among the three intestinal parts and is the first report of the gut bacteria structure in solitary bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakamas Subta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.Y.); (R.Y.); (P.C.)
| | - Phongsathon Yodsuwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.Y.); (R.Y.); (P.C.)
| | - Rujipas Yongsawas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.Y.); (R.Y.); (P.C.)
| | - Ammarin In-on
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian Campus), Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand;
| | - Natapot Warrit
- Center of Excellence in Entomology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Somsak Panha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | | | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.Y.); (R.Y.); (P.C.)
| | - Korrawat Attasopa
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (P.Y.); (R.Y.); (P.C.)
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Bacterial Communities Associated with the Pine Wilt Disease Insect Vector Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) during the Larvae and Pupae Stages. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060376. [PMID: 32560536 PMCID: PMC7348839 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monochamus alternatus is an important insect pest in pine forests of southern China and the dispersing vector of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which leads to pine wilt disease (PWD). Microbiome of M. alternatus may contribute to survival of larvae in the host pine trees. In order to investigate the intestinal bacterial structure of M. alternatus during the larvae and pupae stages in host trees, and infer the function of symbiotic bacteria, we used 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing to obtain and compare the bacterial community composition in the foregut, midgut, and hindgut of larvae, pupal intestines, larval galleries, and pupal chambers of M. alternatus. The diversity of the bacterial community in larval intestines and pupal intestines were similar, as well as was significantly greater in larval galleries and pupal chambers. Although there were differences in bacterial compositions in different samples, similar components were also found. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the two most dominant phyla in all samples, and genera Enterobacter, Raoultella, Serratia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were dominant in both the intestinal samples and plant tissue samples. Enterobacter was the most abundant genus in larval intestines, and Serratia was dominant in pupal intestine. The functions of these dominant and specific bacteria were also predicted through metagenomic analyses. These bacteria may help M. alternatus degrade cellulose and pinene. The specific role of symbiotic bacteria in the infection cycle of PWD also warrants further study in the future.
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McCabe RA, Receveur JP, Houtz JL, Thomas KL, Benbow ME, Pechal JL, Wallace JR. Characterizing the microbiome of ectoparasitic louse flies feeding on migratory raptors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234050. [PMID: 32497084 PMCID: PMC7271990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) are obligate ectoparasites that often cause behavioral, pathogenic, and evolutionary effects on their hosts. Interactions between ectoparasites and avian hosts, especially migrating taxa, may influence avian pathogen spread in tropical and temperate ecosystems and affect long-term survival, fitness and reproductive success. The purpose of this study was to characterize the vector-associated microbiome of ectoparasitic louse flies feeding on migrating raptors over the fall migration period. Surveys for louse flies occurred during fall migration (2015-2016) at a banding station in Pennsylvania, United States; flies were collected from seven species of migrating raptors, and we sequenced their microbial (bacteria and archaea) composition using high-throughput targeted amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region). All louse flies collected belonged to the same species, Icosta americana. Our analysis revealed no difference in bacterial communities of louse flies retrieved from different avian host species. The louse fly microbiome was dominated by a primary endosymbiont, suggesting that louse flies maintain a core microbial structure despite receiving blood meals from different host species. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of characterizing both beneficial and potentially pathogenic endosymbionts when interpreting how vector-associated microbiomes may impact insect vectors and their avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. McCabe
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RAM); (JRW)
| | - Joseph P. Receveur
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Houtz
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kayli L. Thomas
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Eric Benbow
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Pechal
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John R. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAM); (JRW)
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Dynamics of bacterial composition in the locust reproductive tract are affected by the density-dependent phase. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5807075. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe important role that locust gut bacteria play in their host biology is well accepted. Among other roles, gut bacteria are suggested to be involved in the locust swarming phenomenon. In addition, in many insect orders, the reproductive system is reported to serve as a vector for trans-generation bacterial inoculation. Knowledge of the bacterial composition of the locust reproductive tract is, however, practically absent. Here we characterized the reproductive system bacterial composition of gregarious and solitary females. We investigated its temporal dynamics and how it interacts with the locust phase, by comparative sampling and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We revealed that the bacterial composition of the locust female reproductive tract is mostly constructed of three core genera: Micrococcus, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus. While solitary females maintained a consistent bacterial composition, in the gregarious phase this consortium demonstrated large temporal shifts, mostly manifested by Brevibacterium blooms. These data are in accord with our previous report on the dynamics of locust hindgut bacterial microbiota, further indicating that locust endosymbionts are affected by their host population density. These newly understood dynamics may have implications beyond their contribution to our knowledge of locust ecology, as aggregation and mass migration are prevalent phenomena across many migrating animals.
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Bernasconi R, Stat M, Koenders A, Paparini A, Bunce M, Huggett MJ. Establishment of Coral-Bacteria Symbioses Reveal Changes in the Core Bacterial Community With Host Ontogeny. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1529. [PMID: 31338082 PMCID: PMC6629827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities are fundamental symbionts of corals. However, the process by which bacterial communities are acquired across the life history of corals, particularly in larval and early juvenile stages, is still poorly characterized. Here, transfer of bacteria of the Scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera from adults to spawned egg-sperm bundles was analyzed, as well as acquisition across early developmental stages (larvae and newly settled spat), and 6-month-old juveniles. Larvae were reared under manipulated environmental conditions to determine the source (maternal, seawater, or sediment) of bacteria likely to establish symbiotic relationships with the host using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Maternal colonies directly transferred bacteria from the families Rhodobacteraceae, Cryomorphaceae, and Endozoicimonaceae to egg-sperm bundles. Furthermore, significant differences in the microbial community structure were identified across generations, yet the structure of the coral bacterial community across early life history stages was not impacted by different environmental rearing conditions. These data indicate that the uptake and structure of bacterial communities is developmentally, rather than environmentally, regulated. Both maternal coral colonies and ubiquitous bacteria found across environmental substrates represent a potential source of symbionts important in establishing the coral microbiome. Uniquely, we report the presence of variation with ontogeny of both the core and resident bacterial communities, supporting the hypothesis that microbial communities are likely to play specific roles within the distinct life history stages of the coral host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Bernasconi
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Stat
- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Koenders
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Andrea Paparini
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Megan J. Huggett
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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Bredon M, Herran B, Lheraud B, Bertaux J, Grève P, Moumen B, Bouchon D. Lignocellulose degradation in isopods: new insights into the adaptation to terrestrial life. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:462. [PMID: 31174468 PMCID: PMC6555040 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isopods constitute a particular group of crustaceans that has successfully colonized all environments including marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Their ability to use various food sources, especially plant biomass, might be one of the reasons of their successful spread. All isopods, which feed on plants and their by-products, must be capable of lignocellulose degradation. This complex composite is the main component of plants and is therefore an important nutrient source for many living organisms. Its degradation requires a large repertoire of highly specialized Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (called CAZymes) which are produced by the organism itself and in some cases, by its associated microbiota. The acquisition of highly diversified CAZymes could have helped isopods to adapt to their diet and to their environment, especially during land colonization. RESULTS To test this hypothesis, isopod host CAZomes (i.e. the entire CAZyme repertoire) were characterized in marine, freshwater and terrestrial species through a transcriptomic approach. Many CAZymes were identified in 64 isopod transcriptomes, comprising 27 de novo datasets. Our results show that marine, freshwater and terrestrial isopods exhibit different CAZomes, illustrating different strategies for lignocellulose degradation. The analysis of variations of the size of CAZy families shows these are expanded in terrestrial isopods while they are contracted in aquatic isopods; this pattern is probably resulting from the evolution of the host CAZomes during the terrestrial adaptation of isopods. We show that CAZyme gene duplications and horizontal transfers can be involved in adaptive divergence between isopod CAZomes. CONCLUSIONS Our characterization of the CAZomes in 64 isopods species provides new insights into the evolutionary processes that enabled isopods to conquer various environments, especially terrestrial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bredon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Benjamin Herran
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Baptiste Lheraud
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre Grève
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Bouchon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions - UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose - Bâtiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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Luo C, Li Y, Chen Y, Fu C, Long W, Xiao X, Liao H, Yang Y. Bamboo lignocellulose degradation by gut symbiotic microbiota of the bamboo snout beetle Cyrtotrachelus buqueti. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:70. [PMID: 30976320 PMCID: PMC6442426 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut symbiotic microbiota plays a critical role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption. The bamboo snout beetle, Cyrtotrachelus buqueti, a common pest of several bamboo species, exhibits high lignocellulolytic enzyme activity and contains various CAZyme genes. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of the snout beetle on bamboo lignocellulose degradation. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of C. buqueti on bamboo lignocellulose degradation. RESULTS Gut symbiotic microbiota of female (CCJ), male (XCJ), and larvae (YCJ) beetles was used to treat bamboo shoot particles (BSPs) in vitro for 6 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant destruction of the lignocellulose structure after treatment, which was consistent with the degradation efficiencies of CCJ, XCJ, and YCJ for cellulose (21.11%, 17.58% and 18.74%, respectively); hemicellulose (22.22%, 27.18% and 34.20%, respectively); and lignin (19.83%, 24.30% and 32.97%, respectively). Gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae beetles was then identified using 16sRNA sequencing, which revealed that four microbes: Lactococcus, Serratia, Dysgonomonas and Enterococcus, comprise approximately 84% to 94% of the microbiota. Moreover, the genomes of 45 Lactococcus, 72 Serratia, 86 Enterococcus and 4 Dysgonomonas microbes were used to analyse resident CAZyme genes. These results indicated that gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae C. buqueti is involved in the lignocellulose degradation traits shown by the host. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the gut symbiotic microbiota of C. buqueti participates in bamboo lignocellulose degradation, providing innovative findings for bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion. Furthermore, the results of this study will allow us to further isolate lignocellulose-degrading microbiota for use in bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobing Luo
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039 Sichuan China
| | - Ying Chen
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039 Sichuan China
| | - Chun Fu
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
| | - Wencong Long
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
| | - Ximeng Xiao
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039 Sichuan China
| | - Hong Liao
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, No. 778, Riverside Road, Central District, Leshan, 614000 Sichuan China
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25
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Bozorov TA, Rasulov BA, Zhang D. Characterization of the gut microbiota of invasive Agrilus mali Matsumara (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) using high-throughput sequencing: uncovering plant cell-wall degrading bacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4923. [PMID: 30894631 PMCID: PMC6427011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Agrilus comprises diverse exotic and agriculturally important wood-boring insects that have evolved efficient digestive systems. Agrilus mali Matsumara, an invasive insect, is causing extensive mortality to endangered wild apple trees in Tianshan. In this study, we present an in-depth characterization of the gut microbiota of A. mali based on high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and report the presence of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria. Thirty-nine operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were characterized from the larval gut. OTUs represented 6 phyla, 10 classes, 16 orders, 20 families, and 20 genera. The majority of bacterial OTUs belonged to the order Enterobacteriales which was the most abundant taxa in the larval gut. Cultivable bacteria revealed 9 OTUs that all belonged to Gammaproteobacteria. Subsequently, we examined the breakdown of plant cell-wall compounds by bacterial isolates. Among the isolates, the highest efficiency was observed in Pantoea sp., which was able to synthesize four out of the six enzymes (cellulase, cellobiase, β-xylanase, and β-gluconase) responsible for plant-cell wall degradation. One isolate identified as Pseudomonas orientalis exhibited lignin peroxidase activity. Our study provides the first characterization of the gut microbial diversity of A. mali larvae and shows that some cultivable bacteria play a significant role in the digestive tracts of larvae by providing nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohir A Bozorov
- Key Lab of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. .,Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, 111226, Kibray, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan.
| | - Bakhtiyor A Rasulov
- Key Lab of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, 111226, Kibray, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Lab of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Nesvorna M, Bittner V, Hubert J. The Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae Hosts Population-Specific Microbiomes That Respond Weakly to Starvation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:488-501. [PMID: 29967922 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of short-term nutrient deprivation was studied in five populations of the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae with different microbiomes. The fresh weight, nutrient status, respiration, and population growth of the mites were observed for the five mite population-scale samples. The starvation caused the larvae and nymphs to be eliminated, resulting in a significant increase in the fresh weight of starved adult specimens. Three populations were negatively influenced by starvation, and the starved specimens were characterized by a decrease in nutrient status, respiration, and population growth. One population was not influenced or was slightly influenced by starvation, which had no effect on population growth or nutrient contents but caused a significant decrease in respiration. One population was positively influenced by starvation; the population growth increased in starved specimens, and starvation had no effect on respiration. Although starvation altered the bacterial profiles of the microbiomes, these differences were much smaller than those between the populations. The bacterial profiles of Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Kocuria, Brevibacterium, and unidentified Micrococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae increased in starved specimens, whereas those of Bartonella and Solitalea-like genera were reduced in the starved mite populations. The profiles of the intracellular symbiont Cardinium decreased in the starved specimens, and the Wolbachia profile changes were dependent on the mite population. In mite populations, when the symbionts were rare, their profiles varied stochastically. Correlations between changes in the profiles of the bacterial taxa and mite fitness parameters, including nutrient status (lipids, proteins, saccharides, and glycogen contents), mite population growth, and respiration, were observed. Although the microbiomes were resistant to the perturbations caused by nutrition deficiency, the responses of the mites differed in terms of their population growth, respiration, and nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nesvorna
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Bittner
- Department of Mathematics and Didactics of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Voronezska 1329/13, CZ-460 01, Liberec, Czechia
| | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-161 06, Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czechia.
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27
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Zhang Z, Jiao S, Li X, Li M. Bacterial and fungal gut communities of Agrilus mali at different developmental stages and fed different diets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15634. [PMID: 30353073 PMCID: PMC6199299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrilus mali (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive wood borer pest that has caused considerable damage to the Xinjiang wild fruit forest. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal intestinal microbial communities of A. mali during different developmental stages, including larvae, pupae and newly eclosed adults or fed different diets (leaves of Malus halliana and Malus pumila) using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that microbial alpha diversity first increased and then decreased during the developmental stages, with the most dominant bacteria and fungi exhibiting the dynamic patterns "Decrease", "Increase" and "Fluctuation". With respect to the different diets, the bacterial communities were similar between the newly eclosed adults and adults fed M. pumila leaves, while the structure of the fungal communities showed great differences between newly eclosed adults and adults fed different diets. Through a co-correlation network analysis, we observed complex microbial interactions among bacterial and fungal taxa that were associated with potential diverse functions and intricate biological processes in the intestinal microbiota of A. mali. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that the invasive insect A. mali harbours diverse, dynamic, and presumably multifunctional microbial communities, an understanding of which could improve our ability to develop more effective management approaches to control A. mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Menglou Li
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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28
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Gales A, Chatellard L, Abadie M, Bonnafous A, Auer L, Carrère H, Godon JJ, Hernandez-Raquet G, Dumas C. Screening of Phytophagous and Xylophagous Insects Guts Microbiota Abilities to Degrade Lignocellulose in Bioreactor. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2222. [PMID: 30337907 PMCID: PMC6178917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial consortia producing specific enzymatic cocktails are present in the gut of phytophagous and xylophagous insects; they are known to be the most efficient ecosystems to degrade lignocellulose. Here, the ability of these consortia to degrade ex vivo lignocellulosic biomass in anaerobic bioreactors was characterized in term of bioprocess performances, enzymatic activities and bacterial community structure. In a preliminary screening, guts of Ergates faber (beetle), Potosia cuprea (chafer), Gromphadorrhina portentosa (cockroach), Locusta migratoria (locust), and Gryllus bimaculatus (cricket) were inoculated in anaerobic batch reactors, in presence of grounded wheat straw at neutral pH. A short duration fermentation of less than 8 days was observed and was related to a drop of pH from 7 to below 4.5, leading to an interruption of gas and metabolites production. Consistently, a maximum of 180 mgeq.COD of metabolites accumulated in the medium, which was related to a low degradation of the lignocellulosic biomass, with a maximum of 5 and 2.2% observed for chafer and locust gut consortia. The initial cell-bound and extracellular enzyme activities, i.e., xylanase and β-endoglucanase, were similar to values observed in the literature. Wheat straw fermentation in bioreactors leads to an increase of cell-bounded enzyme activities, with an increase of 145% for cockroach xylanase activity. Bacterial community structures were insect dependent and mainly composed of Clostridia, Bacteroidia and Gammaproteobacteria. Improvement of lignocellulose biodegradation was operated in successive batch mode at pH 8 using the most interesting consortia, i.e., locust, cockroaches and chafer gut consortia. In these conditions, lignocellulose degradation increased significantly: 8.4, 10.5, and 21.0% of the initial COD were degraded for chafer, cockroaches and locusts, respectively in 15 days. Consistently, xylanase activity tripled for the three consortia, attesting the improvement of the process. Bacteroidia was the major bacterial class represented in the bacterial community for all consortia, followed by Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria classes. This work demonstrates the possibility to maintain apart of insect gut biological activity ex vivo and shows that lignocellulose biodegradation can be improved by using a biomimetic approach. These results bring new insights for the optimization of lignocellulose degradation in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maider Abadie
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Lucas Auer
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Dumas
- LBE, University of Montpellier, INRA, Narbonne, France.,Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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29
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Bredon M, Dittmer J, Noël C, Moumen B, Bouchon D. Lignocellulose degradation at the holobiont level: teamwork in a keystone soil invertebrate. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:162. [PMID: 30223906 PMCID: PMC6142342 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woodlice are recognized as keystone species in terrestrial ecosystems due to their role in the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, they contribute to lignocellulose degradation and nutrient cycling in the environment together with other macroarthropods. Lignocellulose is the main component of plants and is composed of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. Its digestion requires the action of multiple Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (called CAZymes), typically acting together as a cocktail with complementary, synergistic activities and modes of action. Some invertebrates express a few endogenous lignocellulose-degrading enzymes but in most species, an efficient degradation and digestion of lignocellulose can only be achieved through mutualistic associations with endosymbionts. Similar to termites, it has been suspected that several bacterial symbionts may be involved in lignocellulose degradation in terrestrial isopods, by completing the CAZyme repertoire of their hosts. RESULTS To test this hypothesis, host transcriptomic and microbiome shotgun metagenomic datasets were obtained and investigated from the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare. Many genes of bacterial and archaeal origin coding for CAZymes were identified in the metagenomes of several host tissues and the gut content of specimens from both laboratory lineages and a natural population of A. vulgare. Some of them may be involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Reconstructing a lignocellulose-degrading microbial community based on the prokaryotic taxa contributing relevant CAZymes revealed two taxonomically distinct but functionally redundant microbial communities depending on host origin. In parallel, endogenous CAZymes were identified from the transcriptome of the host and their expression in digestive tissues was demonstrated by RT-qPCR, demonstrating a complementary enzyme repertoire for lignocellulose degradation from both the host and the microbiome in A. vulgare. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new insights into the role of the microbiome in the evolution of terrestrial isopods and their adaptive radiation in terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bredon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Jessica Dittmer
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cyril Noël
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Bouziane Moumen
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Didier Bouchon
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions-UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose-Batiment B8-B35, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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30
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Mohammed WS, Ziganshina EE, Shagimardanova EI, Gogoleva NE, Ziganshin AM. Comparison of intestinal bacterial and fungal communities across various xylophagous beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Sci Rep 2018; 8:10073. [PMID: 29968731 PMCID: PMC6030058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial gut communities associated with various xylophagous beetles offer great potential for different biotechnologies and elaboration of novel pest management strategies. In this research, the intestinal bacterial and fungal communities of various cerambycid larvae, including Acmaeops septentrionis, Acanthocinus aedilis, Callidium coriaceum, Trichoferus campestris and Chlorophorus herbstii, were investigated. The intestinal microbial communities of these Cerambycidae species were mostly represented by members of the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria and the fungal phylum Ascomycota. However, the bacterial and fungal communities varied by beetle species and between individual organisms. Furthermore, bacterial communities' metagenomes reconstruction indicated the genes that encode enzymes involved in the lignocellulose degradation (such as peroxidases, alpha-L-fucosidases, beta-xylosidases, beta-mannosidases, endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases and others) and nitrogen fixation (nitrogenases). Most of the predicted genes potentially related to lignocellulose degradation were enriched in the T. campestris, A. aedilis and A. septentrionis larval gut consortia, whereas predicted genes affiliated with the nitrogenase component proteins were enriched in the T. campestris, A. septentrionis and C. herbstii larval gut consortia. Several bacteria and fungi detected in the current work could be involved in the nutrition of beetle larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Elvira E Ziganshina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Elena I Shagimardanova
- Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420021, Russia
| | - Natalia E Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Extreme Biology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420021, Russia
| | - Ayrat M Ziganshin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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Phalnikar K, Kunte K, Agashe D. Dietary and developmental shifts in butterfly-associated bacterial communities. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171559. [PMID: 29892359 PMCID: PMC5990769 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communities associated with insects can substantially influence host ecology, evolution and behaviour. Host diet is a key factor that shapes bacterial communities, but the impact of dietary transitions across insect development is poorly understood. We analysed bacterial communities of 12 butterfly species across different developmental stages, using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Butterfly larvae typically consume leaves of a single host plant, whereas adults are more generalist nectar feeders. Thus, we expected bacterial communities to vary substantially across butterfly development. Surprisingly, only few species showed significant dietary and developmental transitions in bacterial communities, suggesting weak impacts of dietary transitions across butterfly development. On the other hand, bacterial communities were strongly influenced by butterfly species and family identity, potentially due to dietary and physiological variation across the host phylogeny. Larvae of most butterfly species largely mirrored bacterial community composition of their diets, suggesting passive acquisition rather than active selection. Overall, our results suggest that although butterflies harbour distinct microbiomes across taxonomic groups and dietary guilds, the dramatic dietary shifts that occur during development do not impose strong selection to maintain distinct bacterial communities across all butterfly hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deepa Agashe
- Authors for correspondence: Deepa Agashe e-mail:
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Fungal, Bacterial, and Archaeal Diversity in the Digestive Tract of Several Beetle Larvae (Coleoptera). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6765438. [PMID: 29850548 PMCID: PMC5926521 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6765438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interpretation of how partnerships between fungi, bacteria, archaea, and insects are maintained through the life of the hosts is a big challenge within the framework of symbiosis research. The main goal of this work was to characterize the gut microbiota in larvae of several Coleoptera species using sequencing of the bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Thus, larvae with various food preferences, including Amphimallon solstitiale, Oryctes nasicornis, Cucujus cinnaberinus, Schizotus pectinicornis, Rhagium mordax, and Rhagium inquisitor, were thoroughly investigated in this work. We revealed an association of these beetle species mainly with four bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, as well as with three fungal phyla, Ascomycota, Zygomycota, and Basidiomycota, but microbial communities varied depending on the beetle host, individual organism, and surrounding environment. Moreover, archaea within the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota in the hindgut content of O. nasicornis and A. solstitiale were additionally detected. The identified microbial communities suggest their potential role in the exploitation of various resources, providing nutritional needs for the host organism. These microorganisms can also represent a valuable source of novel metabolic capacities for their application in different biotechnologies.
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Sun L, Zhang YN, Qian JL, Kang K, Zhang XQ, Deng JD, Tang YP, Chen C, Hansen L, Xu T, Zhang QH, Zhang LW. Identification and Expression Patterns of Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) Chemosensory Receptor Genes from the Antennal Transcriptome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 29497384 PMCID: PMC5819563 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrus long-horned beetle (CLB), Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) is a destructive native pest in China. Chemosensory receptors including odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs), and ionotropic receptors (IRs) function to interface the insect with its chemical environment. In the current study, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of A. chinensis by next-generation sequencing. We assembled 44,938 unigenes from 64,787,784 clean reads and annotated their putative gene functions based on gene ontology (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG). Overall, 74 putative receptor genes from chemosensory receptor gene families, including 53 ORs, 17 GRs, and 4 IRs were identified. Expression patterns of these receptors on the antennae, maxillary and labial palps, and remaining body segments of both male and female A. chinensis were performed using quantitative real time-PCR (RT-qPCR). The results revealed that 23 ORs, 6 GRs, and 1 IR showed male-biased expression profiles, suggesting that they may play a significant role in sensing female-produced sex pheromones; whereas 8 ORs, 5 GRs, and 1 IR showed female-biased expression profiles, indicating that these receptors may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as oviposition site seeking. These results lay a solid foundation for deeply understanding CLB olfactory processing mechanisms. Moreover, by comparing our results with those from chemosensory receptor studies in other cerambycid species, several highly probable pheromone receptor candidates were highlighted, which may facilitate the identification of additional pheromone and/or host attractants in CLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Jia-Li Qian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Kang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Forest Diseases and Insect Pests Control and Quarantine Station of Chaohu City, Chaohu, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Dan Deng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Laura Hansen
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Qing-He Zhang
- Sterling International, Inc., Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Long-Wa Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Immune tolerance to an intestine-adapted bacteria, Chryseobacterium sp., injected into the hemocoel of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31722. [PMID: 27530146 PMCID: PMC4987663 DOI: 10.1038/srep31722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the interaction of gut microbes and the host immune system, bacteria were isolated from the gut of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae. Chryseobacterium sp., Bacillus subtilis, Arthrobacter arilaitensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus were cultured in vitro, identified, and injected in the hemocoel of P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae, respectively. There were no significant changes in phagocytosis-associated lysosomal formation or pathogen-related autophagosome in immune cells (granulocytes) from Chryseobacterium sp.-challenged larvae. Next, we examined changes in the transcription of innate immune genes such as peptidoglycan recognition proteins and antimicrobial peptides following infection with Chryseobacterium sp. PGRP-1 and -2 transcripts, which may be associated with melanization generated by prophenoloxidase (PPO), were either highly or moderately expressed at 24 h post-infection with Chryseobacterium sp. However, PGRP-SC2 transcripts, which code for bactericidal amidases, were expressed at low levels. With respect to antimicrobial peptides, only coleoptericin was moderately expressed in Chryseobacterium sp.-challenged larvae, suggesting maintenance of an optimum number of Chryseobacterium sp. All examined genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in larvae challenged with a pathogenic bacterium. Our data demonstrated that gut-inhabiting bacteria, the Chryseobacterium sp., induced a weaker immune response than other pathogenic bacteria, E. coli K12.
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Prosdocimi EM, Mapelli F, Gonella E, Borin S, Crotti E. Microbial ecology-based methods to characterize the bacterial communities of non-model insects. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 119:110-25. [PMID: 26476138 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the animals of the Kingdom Animalia, insects are unparalleled for their widespread diffusion, diversity and number of occupied ecological niches. In recent years they have raised researcher interest not only because of their importance as human and agricultural pests, disease vectors and as useful breeding species (e.g. honeybee and silkworm), but also because of their suitability as animal models. It is now fully recognized that microorganisms form symbiotic relationships with insects, influencing their survival, fitness, development, mating habits and the immune system and other aspects of the biology and ecology of the insect host. Thus, any research aimed at deepening the knowledge of any given insect species (perhaps species of applied interest or species emerging as novel pests or vectors) must consider the characterization of the associated microbiome. The present review critically examines the microbiology and molecular ecology techniques that can be applied to the taxonomical and functional analysis of the microbiome of non-model insects. Our goal is to provide an overview of current approaches and methods addressing the ecology and functions of microorganisms and microbiomes associated with insects. Our focus is on operational details, aiming to provide a concise guide to currently available advanced techniques, in an effort to extend insect microbiome research beyond simple descriptions of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Prosdocimi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Gonella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
In sexual reproduction different types of symbiotic relationships between insects and microbes have become established. For example, some bacteria have evolved almost exclusive vertical transmission and even define the compatibility of insect mating partners. Many strictly sexually transmitted diseases have also been described in insects. Apart from such rather specific relationships the role of opportunistic infections in the reproductive process has been widely neglected. Opportunistic microbes transmitted passively during mating might impose an energetic cost, as the immune system will need to be alert and will use resources to fight potential intruders. Through mating wounds and contaminated reproductive organs opportunistic microbes might be transferred to mating partners and even enter the body cavity. Females as the "receiving" sex are particularly likely to have evolved adaptations to avoid or reduce opportunistic infections. Males of several species show highly complex seminal fluids, which as well as containing components that influence a males' fertilization success, also possess antimicrobial substances. The role of antimicrobials in the reproductive process is not well understood. Some evidence hints at the protection of sperm against microbes, indicating a role for natural selection in shaping the evolution of reproductive traits. By highlighting the potential importance of microbes in sexual selection and their role in reproduction in general I will make a case for studies in sexual selection, especially the ones investigating postcopulatory processes, that should incorporate environmental, as well as genotypic variation, in reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Otti
- Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse, 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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