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Vaegter HB, Kinnunen M, Verbrugghe J, Cunningham C, Meeus M, Armijo-Olivo S, Bandholm T, Fullen BM, Wittink H, Morlion B, Reneman MF. Physical activity should be the primary intervention for individuals living with chronic pain A position paper from the European Pain Federation (EFIC) 'On the Move' Task Force. Eur J Pain 2024. [PMID: 38703009 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is clear evidence demonstrating the benefits of physical activity (PA) on pain and overall health, however, PA is challenging for many individuals living with chronic pain. Even non-exercise specialists can (cost) effectively promote PA, but many health professionals report a number of barriers in providing guidance on PA, suggesting that it is not consistently promoted. This expert position paper summarizes the evidence and provides five recommendations for health professionals to assess, advise and support individuals living with any chronic pain condition with a long life expectancy in adopting and sustaining physically active lifestyles. METHODS This position paper was prepared by the 'On The Move' Task Force of the European Pain Federation EFIC. Final recommendations were endorsed by the European Pain Forum, Pain Alliance Europe and the Executive Board of EFIC. RESULTS We recommend that all health professionals (1) Take a history of the persons' PA levels, and put PA on the agenda, (2) Advise that PA is important and safe for individuals living with chronic pain, (3) Deliver a brief PA intervention and support individuals living with chronic pain in becoming physically active, (4) Discuss acceptable levels of PA-related soreness and pain and (5) Provide ongoing support in staying physically active. SIGNIFICANCE Physical activity is safe and offers several advantages, including general health benefits, low risk of side effects, low cost and not requiring access to healthcare. Adoption of these recommendations can improve the quality of care and life of individuals living with chronic pain and reduce their overall health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Bjarke Vaegter
- Pain Research Group, Pain Center, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marja Kinnunen
- Patient Representative Pain Alliance Europe (PAE), Brussels, Belgium
- Finnish Musculoskeletal Association, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Verbrugghe
- REVAL - Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hogescholl Utrecht, Hasselt, Belgium
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Caitriona Cunningham
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mira Meeus
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Pain in Motion International Research Group (PiM), www.paininmotion.be, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susan Armijo-Olivo
- University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany
- Faculties of Rehabilitation Medicine and Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brona M Fullen
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Translational Pain Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harriet Wittink
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Hogeschool Utrecht University of Applied Sciences Utrecht
| | - Bart Morlion
- The Leuven Centre for Algology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit Anaesthesiology and Algology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F Reneman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mao Y, Wang L, Lin X, Sui X. Bayesian variable selection in joint modeling of longitudinal data and interval-censored failure time data. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4254893. [PMID: 38699353 PMCID: PMC11065089 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4254893/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Joint modeling of longitudinal data and survival data has gained great attention in the last two decades. However, most of the existing studies have focused on right-censored survival data. In this article, we study joint analysis of longitudinal data and interval-censored survival data and conduct Bayesian variable selection in this framework. A new joint model is proposed with a shared frailty to characterize the dependence between the two types of responses, where the longitudinal response is modeled with a semiparametric linear mixed-effects submodel and the survival time is modeled by a semiparametric normal fraility probit sub-model. Several Bayesian variable selection approaches are developed by adopting Bayesian Lasso, adaptive Lasso, and spike-and-slab priors in order to simultaneously select significant covariates and estimate their effects on the two types of responses. Efficient Gibbs samplers are proposed with all unknown parameters and latent variables being sampled directly from well recognized full conditional distributions. Our simulation study shows that these methods perform well in both variable selection and parameter estimation. A real-life data application to joint analysis of blood cholesterol level and hypertension is provided as an illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Mao
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Lianming Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Marin-Jimenez N, Sánchez-Parente S, Expósito-Carrillo P, Jiménez-Iglesias J, Álvarez-Gallardo IC, Cuenca-Garcia M, Castro-Piñero J. Criterion-related validity and reliability of the 2-km walk test and the 20-m shuttle run test in adults: the role of sex, age and physical activity level. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00043-9. [PMID: 36990865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the criterion-related validity and the reliability of fitness field tests for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, by sex, age, and physical activity level. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS During 3 weeks, sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, a treadmill maximal test, the 2-km walk test, and the 20-m SRT were performed in 410 adults aged 18-64 years. Measured and estimated VO2max (by Oja's and Leger's equations) were analyzed. RESULTS Measured VO2max was associated with estimated VO2max by the 2-km walk test and 20-m SRT (r = 0.784 and r = 0.875, respectively; both p < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of -0.30 ml* kg-1 * min-1 (p < 0.001, d = -0.141) in the 2-km walk test, and 0.86 ml* kg-1 * min-1 (p = 0.051) in the 20-m SRT. Significant mean differences between test and retest were found in the time to complete the 2-km walk test (-1.48 ± 0.51 s, p = 0.004, d = -0.014) and in the final stage reached in the 20-m SRT (0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.002, d = 0.015). Non-significant differences were found between test and retest in the estimated VO2max by Oja's (-0.29 ± 0.20 ml* kg-1 * min-1, p > 0.05) and Leger's eqs. (0.03 ± 0.04 ml* kg-1 * min-1, p > 0.05). Moreover, both test results and estimated VO2max equations showed a high test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS Both tests were valid and reliable for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults aged 18-64 years, regardless of sex, age, and physical activity level.
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Myers J, Harber MP, Johnson L, Arena R, Kaminsky LA. Current state of unhealthy living characteristics in White, African American and Latinx populations. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 71:20-26. [PMID: 35594981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The United States (US) is similar to most industrialized countries in that it falls short on many of the basic metrics related to cardiovascular and overall health. These metrics include nutritional patterns, levels of physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and prevalence of overweight and obesity. These issues are even more apparent in underserved communities, among whom unhealthy living characteristics cluster and contribute to a disproportionate chronic disease burden. The reasons for these inequities are complex and include social and economic factors as well as reduced access to health care. CRF has been demonstrated to be a critically important risk factor that tends to be lower in disadvantaged groups. In this article we discuss the current state of health & lifestyle characteristics in the US, the impact of social inequality on health, and the particular role that CRF and PA patterns play in the current state of unhealthy living characteristics as they relate to underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Myers
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Matthew P Harber
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Clinical Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Lakeisha Johnson
- Clinical Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Myers J, Vainshelboim B, Kamil-Rosenberg S, Chan K, Kokkinos P. Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Population-Attributable Risk. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:342-349. [PMID: 33549255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine population-attributable risk (PAR) and exposure impact number (EIN) for mortality associated with impaired cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical inactivity, and other risk markers among veteran subjects. METHODS The sample included 5890 male subjects (mean age 58±15) who underwent a maximal exercise test for clinical reasons between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2014. All-cause mortality was the end point. Cox multivariable hazard models were performed to determine clinical, demographic, and exercise-test determinants of mortality. Population-attributable risks and EIN for the lowest quartile of CRF and for inactive behavior were analyzed, accounting for competing events. RESULTS There were 2728 deaths during a mean ± standard deviation follow-up period of 9.9±5.8 years. Having low CRF (<5.0 metabolic equivalents [METs]) was associated with an approximate 3-fold higher risk of mortality and a PAR of 12.9%. Each higher MET achieved on the treadmill was associated with a 15% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88; P<.001). Nearly half the sample was inactive, and these subjects had a 23% higher mortality risk and a PAR of 8.8%. The least fit quartile (<5.0 METs) had relative risks of ≈6.0 compared with the most-fit group (HR=5.99; 95% CI, 4.9 to 7.3). The least-active tertile had ≈2-fold higher risks of mortality vs the most active subjects (HR=1.9; 95% CI, 0.91 to 4.1). The lowest EIN was observed for low fitness (3.8; 95% CI, 3.4 to 4.3, P<.001), followed by diabetes, smoking, hypertension, and physical inactivity (all P<.001 except for diabetes, P=.008). CONCLUSION Both higher CRF and physical activity provide protection against all-cause mortality in subjects referred for exercise testing for clinical reasons. Encouraging physical activity with the aim of increasing CRF would have a significant impact on reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA; Cardiology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | | | | | - Khin Chan
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA
| | - Peter Kokkinos
- Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Myers J, Kokkinos P, Arena R, LaMonte MJ. The impact of moving more, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness: Why we should strive to measure and improve fitness. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:77-82. [PMID: 33160944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A large and growing body of epidemiologic research spanning roughly 7 decades has demonstrated that individuals who are more physically active have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality compared to those who are comparatively sedentary. Despite these well-established benefits of physical activity (PA), most adults and children do not get an adequate amount of PA. This is true not just in the United States but has been increasingly recognized throughout advanced countries. The theme of this Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases Symposium is "moving more", recognizing that any amount of increased physical movement, including occupational, recreational, household tasks, etc., has significant health benefits. Being physically active is associated with better health outcomes independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a concept that would have been considered heretical a few decades ago. We now recognize that simply moving from a sedentary to a moderately active group or modest increases in CRF (e.g. moving from the least fit quintile of CRF to the next least fit quintile) has the most noticeable health benefits. In this review, the concept of "moving more" and its implications for CRF are discussed as they relate to the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Myers
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology 111C, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Peter Kokkinos
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University, New York, United States of America
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Stillman CM, Weinstein AM, Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Erickson KI. Body-Brain Connections: The Effects of Obesity and Behavioral Interventions on Neurocognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:115. [PMID: 28507516 PMCID: PMC5410624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem in the United States, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. Although the key factors leading to a population increase in body weight are still under investigation, there is evidence that certain behavioral interventions can mitigate the negative cognitive and brain ("neurocognitive") health consequences of obesity. The two primary behaviors most often targeted for weight loss are caloric intake and physical activity. These behaviors might have independent, as well as overlapping/synergistic effects on neurocognitive health. To date obesity is often described independently from behavioral interventions in regards to neurocognitive outcomes, yet there is conceptual and mechanistic overlap between these constructs. This review summarizes evidence linking obesity and modifiable behaviors, such as physical activity and diet, with brain morphology (e.g., gray and white matter volume and integrity), brain function (e.g., functional activation and connectivity), and cognitive function across the adult lifespan. In particular, we review evidence bearing on the following question: Are associations between obesity and brain health in aging adults modifiable by behavioral interventions?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M. Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral and Community and Health Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zadro JR, Shirley D, Andrade TB, Scurrah KJ, Bauman A, Ferreira PH. The Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity: Is It Down to Your Genes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Twin and Family Studies. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2017; 3:4. [PMID: 28074345 PMCID: PMC5225201 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-016-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background There is evidence for considerable heterogeneity in the responsiveness to regular physical activity (PA) which might reflect the influence of genetic factors. The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether the response to a PA intervention for measures of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness is (i) correlated within twin pairs and/or families and (ii) more correlated in monozygotic twins (MZ) compared to dizygotic twins (DZ), which would be consistent with genetic effects. Methods We performed electronic database searches, combining key words relating to “physical activity” and “genetics”, in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTS Discuss, AMED, PsycINFO, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCOPUS from the earliest records to March 2016. Twin and family studies were included if they assessed body composition and/or cardiorespiratory fitness following a PA intervention, and provided a heritability estimate, maximal heritability estimate, or within MZ twin pair correlation (rMZ). Data on heritability (twin studies), maximal heritability (family studies), and the rMZ were extracted from included studies, although heritability estimates were not reported as small sample sizes made them uninformative. Results After screening 224 full texts, nine twin and five family studies were included in this review. The pooled rMZ in response to PA was significant for body mass index (rMZ = 0.69, n = 58), fat mass (rMZ = 0.58, n = 48), body fat percentage (rMZ = 0.55, n = 72), waist circumference (rMZ = 0.50, n = 27), and VO2max (rMZ = 0.39, n = 48), where “n” represents the total number of twin pairs from all studies. Maximal heritability estimates ranged from 0–21% for measures of body composition, and 22–57% for cardiorespiratory fitness. Twin studies differed in sample age, baseline values, and PA intervention, although the exclusion of any one study did not affect the results. Conclusions Shared familial factors, including genetics, are likely to be a significant contributor to the response of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness following PA. Genetic factors may explain individual variation in the response to PA. Trial Registrations PROSPERO Registration No CRD42015020056. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40798-016-0073-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Zadro
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia.
| | - D Shirley
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - T B Andrade
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - K J Scurrah
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Twin Research, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Bauman
- School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P H Ferreira
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia
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Gregorio-Arenas E, Ruiz-Cabello P, Camiletti-Moirón D, Moratalla-Cecilia N, Aranda P, López-Jurado M, Llopis J, Aparicio VA. The associations between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk and body-size phenotypes in perimenopausal women. Maturitas 2016; 92:162-167. [PMID: 27621255 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between physical fitness and body-size phenotypes, and to test which aspects of physical fitness show the greatest independent association with cardiometabolic risk in perimenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study involved 228 women aged 53±5years from southern Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Physical fitness was assessed by means of the Senior Fitness Test Battery (additionally including handgrip strength and timed up-and-go tests). Anthropometry, resting heart rate, blood pressure and plasma markers of lipid, glycaemic and inflammatory status were measured by standard procedures. The harmonized definition of the 'metabolically healthy but obese' (MHO) phenotype was employed to classify individuals. RESULTS The overall prevalence of the MHO phenotype was 13% but was 43% among the obese women. Apart from traditional markers, metabolically healthy non-obese women had lower levels of C-reactive protein than women with the other phenotypes (p<0.001), and levels of glycosylated haemoglobin were lower in MHO women than in metabolically abnormal non-obese women (overall p=0.004). Most of the components of physical fitness differed with body-size phenotypes. The 6-min walk and the back-scratch tests presented the most robust differences (both p<0.001). Moreover, the women's performance on the back-scratch (β=0.32; p<0.001) and the 6-min walk (β=0.22; p=0.003) tests was independently associated with the clustered cardiometabolic risk. The back-scratch test explained 10% of the variability (step 1, p<0.001), and the final model, which also included the 6-min walk test (step 2, p=0.003), explained 14% of the variability. CONCLUSION Low upper-body flexibility was the most important fitness indicator of cardiometabolic risk in perimenopausal women, but cardiorespiratory fitness also played an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gregorio-Arenas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Pinos Puente Clinical Management Unit, Granada, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Cabello
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - D Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - N Moratalla-Cecilia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Pinos Puente Clinical Management Unit, Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Aparicio VA, Coll-Risco I, Camiletti-Moirón D, Nebot E, Martínez R, López-Jurado M, Aranda P. Interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise improves metabolic markers beyond caloric restriction in Zucker rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:713-721. [PMID: 26874906 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise (IASE) and caloric restriction (CR) on body composition, glycaemic and lipid profile and inflammatory markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two Zucker diabetic fatty rats were randomised into 4 groups (sedentary + CR; sedentary + adlibitum; IASE + CR; and IASE + adlibitum). Training groups conducted an IASE programme in the same session, 5 days/week for 2 months. Body weight, fat and muscle mass and body water were measured using a body composition analyser. Plasma total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, insulin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 and 10 were measured. Blood fasting and postprandial glucose were assessed. Body weight was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p < 0.001). Fat mass was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p < 0.05) and in the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p < 0.001), but IASE increased lean mass (p < 0.001). Triglycerides were lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p < 0.001) whereas total and LDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose were reduced only in the IASE groups (all, p < 0.001). Phospholipids decreased in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p < 0.05) and the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p < 0.001). The area under the curve after oral glucose tolerance test, insulin and homoeostatic model assessment were lower in the IASE and the CR compared to the sedentary and adlibitum groups, respectively (all, p < 0.001). Adiponectin was lower in the CR groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, IASE as well as CR were both useful interventions, especially when combined. However, IASE showed greater improvements on body composition, inflammatory and glycaemic profile than CR did.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - I Coll-Risco
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - D Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Nebot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
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Moratalla-Cecilia N, Soriano-Maldonado A, Ruiz-Cabello P, Fernández MM, Gregorio-Arenas E, Aranda P, Aparicio VA. Association of physical fitness with health-related quality of life in early postmenopause. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:2675-2681. [PMID: 27085340 PMCID: PMC5010831 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the association of different components of physical fitness with HRQoL in early postmenopause and to test which physical fitness components are independently associated with the physical and mental components of HRQoL. Methods The final sample comprised 67 early postmenopausal women. Physical fitness was assessed with the Senior Fitness Test battery (additionally including handgrip strength test), and HRQoL was evaluated with the Short-Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36). We also analyzed plasma gonadotropic hormones and estradiol. Results Overall, most of the fitness components were positively associated with HRQoL. Lower-body flexibility, upper-body muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were the fitness components more strongly associated with HRQoL (r range from 0.28 to 0.56). Static balance was especially associated with mental health (r = −0.46, P < 0.001). Lower-body flexibility (assessed with the chair sit-and-reach test) and upper-body muscle strength (assessed with handgrip dynamometry) were independently associated with the SF-36 Physical Component Summary (both, P < 0.001). Upper-body muscle strength (P < 0.01) and cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed with the 6-min walk test, P < 0.05) were independently associated with the SF-36 Mental Component Summary. Conclusions Higher physical fitness is associated with better HRQoL in early postmenopause. Lower-body flexibility and upper-body muscle strength were the most important independent fitness indicators, explaining ~30 % of HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moratalla-Cecilia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pinos Puente Clinical Management Unit, Granada, Spain
| | - A Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Ruiz-Cabello
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M M Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Gregorio-Arenas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pinos Puente Clinical Management Unit, Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Stojić SS, Stanišić N, Stojić A, Šoštarić A. Single and combined effects of air pollutants on circulatory and respiratory system-related mortality in Belgrade, Serbia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:17-27. [PMID: 26699658 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and soot and mortality attributed to circulatory and respiratory diseases in Belgrade area (Serbia). The analyzed data set comprised results of regular pollutant monitoring and corresponding administrative records on frequency of daily mortality in the period 2009-2014. Nonlinear exposure-response dependencies and delayed effects of temperature were examined by means of distributed lag nonlinear models. The air pollutant loadings and circulatory system-related death rates in Belgrade area are among the highest in Europe. Data demonstrated that excess risk of death with short-term exposure to elevated concentrations of PM10, SO2, and soot was not significant, whereas marked effect size estimates for exposure over 90 d preceding mortality were found. The influence of chronic exposure was shown to be greater for respiratory than circulatory system-related mortality. When stratified by age and gender, higher risk was noted for male individuals below the age of 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreja Stojić
- c Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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13
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Wu CY, Hu HY, Chou YC, Huang N, Chou YJ, Li CP. The association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortalities among older adults. Prev Med 2015; 72:23-9. [PMID: 25572621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortalities among older adults. METHODS A study sample consisting of 77,541 community-dwelling Taipei citizens aged ≥ 65 years was selected based on data obtained from the government-sponsored Annual Geriatric Health Examination Program between 2006 and 2010. Subjects were asked how many times they had physical activity for ≥ 30 min during the past 6 months. Mortality was determined by matching cohort identifications with national death files. RESULTS Compared to subjects with no physical activity, those who had 1-2 times of physical activity per week had a decreased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.85). Subjects with 3-5 times of physical activity per week had a further decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.58-0.70). An inverse dose-response relationship was observed between physical activity and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. According to stratified analyses, physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of mortality in most subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity had an inverse association with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality among older adults. Furthermore, most elderly people can benefit from an active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Wu
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hu
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Chou
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nicole Huang
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jenq Chou
- Institute of Public Health & Department of Public Health, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pin Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Jaggers JR, Hand GA. Health Benefits of Exercise for People Living With HIV: A Review of the Literature. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014; 10:184-192. [PMID: 30202273 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614538750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With life expectancy increasing and the symptomatology of HIV being altered since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), we now have begun to see metabolic changes with negative implications among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Some of these changes include increased blood lipids, central fat accumulation, lipodystrophy, and decreased aerobic capacity. All of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality. A common practice among healthy and other clinical populations to help modify these risk factors is some form of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both. It has been demonstrated that PLWHA could respond in a similar manner, which in turn may enhance life expectancy and/or quality of life. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the evidence of health benefits of routine exercise training among PLWHA since the advent of ART. Although limited in strength because of small sample sizes and limited intervention durations, there is overall consistency in the general findings. An overview of the findings would indicate that physical activity and exercise are both safe and effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic profile, and quality of life among PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Jaggers
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky (JRJ).,Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (GAH)
| | - Gregory A Hand
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky (JRJ).,Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina (GAH)
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Čeponienė I, Žaliaduonytė-Pekšienė D, Gustienė O, Tamošiūnas A, Žaliūnas R. Association of major cardiovascular risk factors with the development of acute coronary syndrome in Lithuania. Eur Heart J Suppl 2014; 16:A80-A83. [PMID: 29867292 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/sut017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the leading cause of death in Lithuania. Timely recognition of CV risk factors and intervention to reduce these risk factors is of absolute importance to prevent coronary heart disease and reduce its burden on society. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of major CV risk factors in general population and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to determine their association with the development of ACS. Five hundred and twenty-three ACS patients and 645 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and hypertension, but not overweight or obesity, were significantly more prevalent in the ACS patients, compared with control group. The prevalence of smoking, overweight or obesity, and dyslipidaemia were significantly higher in younger patients. Hypertension was highly prevalent in all age subgroups. More than a half of all patients aged <45 years had three or four CV risk factors. Smoking [odds ratio (OR), 7.03, P < 0.0001], hypertension (OR, 1.82; P = 0.001), dyslipidaemia (OR, 1.99; P < 0.0001), and diabetes (OR, 2.30; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with ACS. Significant association of traditional CV risk factors, such as smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and diabetes with ACS, and high prevalence of these risk factors, especially in younger individuals, calls for attention, and implementation of prevention programmes to reduce the burden of CV morbidity and mortality in Lithuania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrė Čeponienė
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 2, Kaunas 50009, Lithuania
| | | | - Olivija Gustienė
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 2, Kaunas 50009, Lithuania
| | - Abdonas Tamošiūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Žaliūnas
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių str. 2, Kaunas 50009, Lithuania
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