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Chew S, Tran T, Sanfilippo P, Lim LL, Sandhu SS, Wickremasinghe S. Elevated aqueous TNF-α levels are associated with more severe functional and anatomic findings in eyes with diabetic macular oedema. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 39072984 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravitreal ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) has been recently shown to modulate levels of aqueous cytokines. This study investigates the associations between changes in aqueous cytokine levels following intravitreal ranibizumab therapy and the corresponding anatomical and functional changes in the eye. METHODS Twenty-five patients comprising 30 eyes diagnosed with DMO were prospectively recruited. All eyes received three loading dose ranibizumab injections at baseline, week 4 and week 8, followed by pro re nata treatment based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) up to week 48. Prior to ranibizumab administration, aqueous samples were collected from all eyes, and subsequent sampling was performed at week 8. Levels of 32 cytokines were assessed at baseline and at week 8. RESULTS At baseline, higher aqueous TNF-α levels were associated with poorer BCVA (p = 0.033), greater macular volume (p = 0.017) and worse diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.047). Higher levels of IL-7 were associated with poorer BCVA and greater macular volume (MV). Following treatment with ranibizumab there was a significant correlation with reduction of aqueous TNF-α and improvements in BCVA and MV, both at 6 months (BCVA [r = -0.558, p = 0.001], MV [r = 0.410, p = 0.024]) and 12-months (BCVA [r = -0.413, p = 0.023], MV [r = 0.482, p = 0.008]). The change in VEGF concentration following ranibizumab treatment did not correlate with either BCVA or MV improvements (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of aqueous TNF-α and IL-7 correlated with worse DMO, both anatomically and functionally. Reductions in levels of aqueous TNF-α, but not VEGF, post ranibizumab treatment were associated with improvement in BCVA and MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sky Chew
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tuan Tran
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Sanfilippo
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyndell L Lim
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sukhpal S Sandhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Baytaroğlu İMU, Baytaroğlu A, Toros MU, Daldal H. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in anti-tnf treated rheumatic disease patients with type 2 diabetes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06529-3. [PMID: 38842591 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anti-TNF (biological) therapies on the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 50 diabetic patients with rheumatic diseases (group 1) was performed. An age-, sex-, and HbA1c-matched control group (group 2) was formed from a pool of diabetic patients who underwent regular eye examinations. The presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy was also assessed. Comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hyperlipidemia were also evaluated as possible confounding factors. RESULTS Hundred eyes of 50 patients were evaluated in each group. Only three patients in group 1 had non-proliferative retinopathy. The median duration of rheumatic disease was 9 years, whereas that of diabetes was 11 years. The mean duration of anti-TNF therapy was 4 years. In the control group of diabetes-only patients, 13 patients developed some form of newly diagnosed diabetic retinopathy during the last five years. The calculated retinopathy occurrence between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In this study, the incidence rate ratio for patients receiving anti-TNF treatment was calculated as 0.4 in the study. CONCLUSION TNF inhibitors, with their anti-inflammatory effects, positively impact diabetic complications by reducing the incidence of retinopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate retinopathy development after anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ata Baytaroğlu
- Ophthalmology Department, Uşak Training and Research Hospital, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Merve Uçar Toros
- Endocrinology Department, Uşak Training and Research Hospital, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Hatice Daldal
- Ophthalmology Department, Uşak Training and Research Hospital, Uşak, Turkey
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Adamczyk-Zostawa J, Wylęgała A, Lis M, Zostawa J, Fiolka R, Wylęgała E, Adamczyk-Sowa M, Czuba Z. The level of cytokines in tears as a novel indicator of demyelinating diseases. Neurol Res 2024; 46:487-494. [PMID: 38602307 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2337502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel research objective is to identify new molecules in more readily accessible biological fluids that could be used in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating disorders. AIM To compare the level of selected cytokines in tears between patients with MS or other demyelinating disorder and healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS 84 patients with diagnosed MS during remission or with other demyelinating disease of the CNS and 70 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Tears were collected without any stimulation and stored till the day of assessment. The concentration of selected cytokines was measured by the Bio-Plex Pro Human cytokine screening panel 27 cytokines assay according to the manufacturer's instructions. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 13. RESULTS IL-1b level was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group [3,6 vs 8.71, p < 0.001]. The same pattern was observed for IL-6 [3,1 vs 5.26, p = 0.027] and IL-10 [1,7 vs 10.92, p < 0.001] (Table 1). In the study group, IL-1RA (p = 0.015), IL-5 (p = 0.04), IL-9 (p = 0.014), and IL-15 (p = 0.037) showed significant correlations with age. In the total sample, IL-1Ra (p = 0.016) and IFN-g (p = 0.041) were significantly correlated with age, while in the control group, IL-8 (p = 0.09), MIP-1a (p = 0.009), and RANTES (p = 0.031) showed significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that MS and other demyelination diseases lead to decrease in the overall level of cytokines in tears. Further research is needed to determine the role of tear fluid in the assessment of demyelinating disorders like MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Adamczyk-Zostawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Wylęgała
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martyna Lis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Zostawa
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Fiolka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Hashemi H, Ahmadi H, Rostami Z, Alishahi A, Heidari Z. The role of endothelial growth factor and tear levels in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:143. [PMID: 38498296 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the tear level of VEGF and the quantity of tear film in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Thirty patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group) and 30 patients with no DR (NDR group), and 30 healthy subjects with age and gender matching were enrolled in this prospective comparative study. The tear samples were collected using the Schirmer strips, and the amount of moisture absorbed by the strips was used to determine the quantitative level of the tear film. The concentration of VEGF in the tear samples was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The variables were compared with an independent t-test and covariance analysis. RESULTS Mean tear level of VEGF was significantly higher in DR group (235.42 pg/ml) compared to NDR (75.11 pg/ml) and control (58.77 pg/ml) groups (P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean of VEGF between NDR and control patients (P = 1.00). Mean quantitative tear film levels were 7.15%, 9.72%, and 15.11% in DR, NDR, and healthy subjects, respectively (P < 0.05). The pairwise analysis showed significant differences in the level of VEGF between DR and both NDR (P = 0.001) and normal (P = 0.017) groups. However, there was no significant difference observed between NDR and normal eyes (P = 0.743). CONCLUSION The VEGF level in tear was higher in diabetic patients with DR, independent of tear volume. The tear VEGF measurement can be used as a valuable predictor to prevent DR in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Rostami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Alishahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Yu W, Yang B, Xu S, Gao Y, Huang Y, Wang Z. Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:4247-4261. [PMID: 38164419 PMCID: PMC10758178 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s438111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications can be divided into macrovascular complications such as cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease and microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy. Among them, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of death in diabetic patients. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the main reasons for the increasing disability rate of diabetes. In recent years, some studies have found that because DR and CVD have a common pathophysiological basis, the occurrence of DR and CVD are inseparable, and to a certain extent, DR can predict the occurrence of CVD. With the development of technology, the fundus parameters of DR can be quantitatively analyzed as an independent risk factor of CVD. In addition, the cytokines related to DR can also be used for early screening of DR. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of CVD, its situation of prevention and treatment is still not optimistic. This review hopes to discuss the feasibility of DR in predicting CVD from the common pathophysiological mechanism of DR and CVD, the new progress of diagnostic techniques for DR, and the biomarkers for early screening of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Nguyen TTH, Nguyen CM, Huynh MA, Vu HH, Nguyen TK, Nguyen NT. Field effect transistor based wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:411. [PMID: 37936115 PMCID: PMC10629051 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of wearable biosensors has revolutionized healthcare monitoring by screening in a non-invasive and continuous manner. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistor (FET)-based wearable biosensors attract increasing attention due to their advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. This review explores the innovative developments and applications of FET-based wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Beginning with an introduction to the significance of wearable biosensors, the paper gives an overview of structural and operational principles of FETs, providing insights into their diverse classifications. Next, the paper discusses the fabrication methods, semiconductor surface modification techniques and gate surface functionalization strategies. This background lays the foundation for exploring specific FET-based biosensor designs, including enzyme, antibody and nanobody, aptamer, as well as ion-sensitive membrane sensors. Subsequently, the paper investigates the incorporation of FET-based biosensors in monitoring biomarkers present in physiological fluids such as sweat, tears, saliva, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). Finally, we address challenges, technical issues, and opportunities related to FET-based biosensor applications. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative potential of FET-based wearable biosensors in healthcare monitoring. By offering a multidimensional perspective on device design, fabrication, functionalization and applications, this paper aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of biosensing technology and personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh-Ha Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Cong Minh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Minh Anh Huynh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Hoang Huy Vu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Tuan-Khoa Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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Vinekar A, Nair AP, Sinha S, Vaidya T, Shetty R, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Early detection and correlation of tear fluid inflammatory factors that influence angiogenesis in premature infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3465-3472. [PMID: 37870008 PMCID: PMC10752326 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3407_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure the levels of inflammatory factors in tear fluid of pre-term infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods The cross-sectional pilot study included 29 pre-term infants undergoing routine ROP screening. Pre-term infants were grouped as those without ROP (no ROP; n = 14) and with ROP (ROP; n = 15). Sterile Schirmer's strips were used to collect the tear fluid from pre-term infants. Inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, MCP1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1; CCL2), RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted; CCL5), and soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) were measured by cytometric bead array using a flow cytometer. Results Birth weight (BW) and gestation age (GA) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in pre-term infants with ROP compared with those without ROP. Higher levels of RANTES (P < 0.05) and IL-8 (P = 0.09) were observed in the tear fluid of pre-term infants with ROP compared with those without ROP. Lower levels of tear fluid IL-6 (P = 0.14) and sL-selectin (P = 0.18) were measured in pre-term infants with ROP compared with those without ROP. IL-8 and RANTES were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the tear fluid of pre-term infants with stage 3 ROP compared with those without ROP. Tear fluid RANTES level was observed to be inversely associated with GA and BW of pre-term infants with ROP and not in those without ROP. Furthermore, the area under the curve and odds ratio analysis demonstrated the relevance of RANTES/BW (AUC = 0.798; OR-7.2) and RANTES/MCP1 (AUC = 0.824; OR-6.8) ratios in ROP. Conclusions Distinct changes were observed in the levels of tear inflammatory factors in ROP infants. The status of RANTES in ROP suggests its possible role in pathobiology and warrants further mechanistic studies to harness it in ROP screening and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Vinekar
- Department of Pediatric Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shivani Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Division of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Kim AY, Moon JY, Jun RM, Kim HJ, Han KE. Ocular Surface and Tear Cytokine Changes after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1615-1622. [PMID: 35787222 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2088565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate changes in ocular surface indices and tear cytokines after cataract surgery in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Ocular surface indices and concentrations of tear cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF) were evaluated at baseline and one week and one month postoperatively. RESULTS Patients (30 diabetic and 30 control) were enrolled. In the diabetic group, changes in ocular symptom and tear breakup time remained until one month postoperatively (P < .05, respectively); in the control group, ocular symptom increased at one week postoperatively (P = .015). MCP-1 level in the diabetic group significantly increased postoperatively (all P < .05); however, in the control group, the IL-8 level was significantly decreased postoperatively (all P < .05). MCP-1 concentration was negatively correlated with TBUT in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Diabetic patients can experience more prominent changes after surgery and these changes were accompanied by an increase of several tear cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans Univsersity, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans Univsersity, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roo Min Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans Univsersity, Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans Univsersity, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ewha Womans Univsersity, Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Lepre CC, Russo M, Trotta MC, Petrillo F, D'Agostino FA, Gaudino G, D'Amico G, Campitiello MR, Crisci E, Nicoletti M, Gesualdo C, Simonelli F, D'Amico M, Hermenean A, Rossi S. Inhibition of Galectins and the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor as a Therapeutic Approach in the Neurovascular Inflammation of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119721. [PMID: 37298672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent microvascular retinal complication of diabetic patients, contributing to loss of vision. Recently, retinal neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration have emerged as key players in DR progression, and therefore, this review examines the neuroinflammatory molecular basis of DR. We focus on four important aspects of retinal neuroinflammation: (i) the exacerbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (ii) the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; (iii) the role of galectins; and (iv) the activation of purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R). Moreover, this review proposes the selective inhibition of galectins and the P2X7R as a potential pharmacological approach to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Claudia Lepre
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Petrillo
- Ph.D. Course in Translational Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Anna D'Agostino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gaudino
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Campitiello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, ASL Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy
| | - Erminia Crisci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gesualdo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anca Hermenean
- "Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania
| | - Settimio Rossi
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
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12
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García-Onrubia L, Mateos Olivares M, García-Vázquez C, Enríquez-de-Salamanca A, Cocho L, Herreras Cantalapiedra JM. Tear and Plasma Levels of Cytokines in Patients with Uveitis: Search for Active Disease Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237034. [PMID: 36498608 PMCID: PMC9739309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis accounts for up to 20% of blindness in Europe, making the development of new non-invasive biomarkers which could help in its management a field of interest. It has been hypothesised that tear levels of cytokines and chemokines could be used as a potential biomarker in patients with anterior uveitis, and this could be correlated with their concentration in plasma. Therefore, we measured twelve cytokines/chemokines in tear and plasma samples of 22 patients diagnosed with active anterior uveitis. Levels of these molecules in tears and plasma were compared and associated with the degree of activity of the uveitis. It is notable that the percentage of tear interleukin (IL)-6 detection was significantly reduced in the inactive phase (p < 0.05). However, the tear concentration in epidermal growth factor (EGF), fractalkine, IL-8, IL-1RA, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10/CXCL10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-6, comparing the active and inactive period, was not statistically different. Apart from the tear VEGF levels, the cytokine/chemokine concentration in tears in the active/inactive phase was statistically different (p < 0.05) from the counterpart levels in plasma. In conclusion, no isolated cytokine/chemokine in the tears has been found in a concentration which could be used as a potential biomarker of disease activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-Onrubia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Milagros Mateos Olivares
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Vázquez
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Amalia Enríquez-de-Salamanca
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Cocho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Herreras Cantalapiedra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avda Ramón y Cajal 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmo Biology), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Winiarczyk M, Biela K, Michalak K, Winiarczyk D, Mackiewicz J. Changes in Tear Proteomic Profile in Ocular Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13341. [PMID: 36293921 PMCID: PMC9603516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The search for proteomic biomarkers in ocular disease is one of the most important research directions in recent years. Reliable biomarkers can be an immense adjuvant for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. There is no more readily available ocular tissue for proteomic analysis than tear film, which makes an interesting target for the biomarker search. Tear film is a complex fluid consisting of a superficial lipid layer, which covers the aqueous-mucous layer. Its complexity makes it a perfect candidate for all the "omics" approaches. Glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and other diseases are commonly thought to have a multifactorial background. Currently, no reliable non-invasive tests are available that would help physicians with screening and further patient management. The aim of the study is to present modern methods of measuring biomarkers in tears, with particular emphasis on spectrometric methods, and to discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Biela
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Hospital of Zamosc, 22-400 Zamosc, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases of Small Animals, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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14
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Crooke A, Martínez-Alberquilla I, Madrid-Costa D, Ruiz-Alcocer J. Presbyopia: An outstanding and global opportunity for early detection of pre-frailty and frailty states. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:968262. [PMID: 36267611 PMCID: PMC9576860 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.968262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Almudena Crooke
| | - Irene Martínez-Alberquilla
- Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Madrid-Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Alcocer
- Clinical and Experimental Eye Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Sierawska O, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Adipokines as potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus in cats. Front Immunol 2022; 13:950049. [PMID: 36248900 PMCID: PMC9561307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is no longer only a disease of humans, but also of domestic animals, and it particularly affects cats. It is increasingly thought that because of its unique characteristics, T2DM may belong not only to the group of metabolic diseases but also to the group of autoimmune diseases. This is due to the involvement of the immune system in the inflammation that occurs with T2DM. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory substances are secreted, especially cytokines in patients with T2DM. Cytokines secreted by adipose tissue are called adipokines, and leptin, adiponectin, resistin, omentin, TNF-α, and IL-6 have been implicated in T2DM. In cats, approximately 90% of diabetic cases are T2DM. Risk factors include older age, male sex, Burmese breed, presence of obesity, and insulin resistance. Diagnosis of a cat requires repeated testing and is complicated compared to human diagnosis. Based on similarities in the pathogenesis of T2DM between humans and cats, adipokines previously proposed as biomarkers for human T2DM may also serve in the diagnosis of this disease in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sierawska
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Olga Sierawska,
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16
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Jasmiad NB, Abd Ghani RB, Agarwal R, Ismail ZB, Mohd Abdullah AA, Idorus MY. Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:357. [PMID: 36057550 PMCID: PMC9441077 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tears and serum of patients with DR and those without DR. Method Among the T2DM patients enrolled in this study, 26 patients had DR (n = 26) while 29 were without DR (n = 29). The blood and tear samples were obtained from all participants. The level of PAI-1 and tPA were measured in both the serum and tears. Anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, renal and lipid profile were also obtained. Results Patients with DR had significantly longer disease duration and higher systolic blood pressure compared to those without DR. Serum PAI-1 level was significantly higher in patients with DR compared to those without DR, 32.72 (IQR 32.52) vs 21.37 (IQR 14.93) ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). However, tear PAI-1 were comparable in both groups. Serum and tear tPA levels in both groups were also comparable (p > 0.05). Among patients with DR, there were no significant correlations between tear and serum of both biomarkers. Patients without DR showed a moderate positive correlation between serum and tear tPA levels with a coefficient of 0.363, albeit no statistical significance. Patients with DR demonstrated a significant positive correlation between levels of tears PAI-1 and BMI (r = 0.555, p = 0.026). In the group without DR, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum level of PAI-1 with urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) (r = 0.501, p = 0.013). Conclusion The present study demonstrated a significantly greater serum PAI-1 levels in patients with DR compared to those without DR. No significant correlations between tears and serum PAI-1 and tPA were observed. Thus, the role of tear biomarkers remains relevant for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbadriah Binti Jasmiad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Rohana Binti Abd Ghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zaliha Binti Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknology MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah
- MSU Medical Centre, Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,MSU Clinical Centre of Excellence, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusri Idorus
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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17
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Abstract
![]()
Personalized and
point-of-care (POC) diagnoses are critical for
ocular physiology and disease diagnosis. Real-time monitoring and
continuous sampling abilities of tear fluid and user-friendliness
have become the key characteristics for the applied ophthalmic techniques.
Fluorescence technologies, as one of the most popular methods that
can fulfill the requirements of clinical ophthalmic applications for
optical sensing, have been raised and applied for tear sensing and
diagnostic platforms in recent decades. Wearable sensors in this case
have been increasingly developed for ocular diagnosis. Contact lenses,
as one of the commercialized and popular tools for ocular dysfunction,
have been developed as a platform for fluorescence sensing in tears
diagnostics and real-time monitoring. Numbers of biochemical analytes
have been examined through developed fluorescent contact lens sensors,
including pH values, electrolytes, glucose, and enzymes. These sensors
have been proven for monitoring ocular conditions, enhancing and detecting
medical treatments, and tracking efficiency of related ophthalmic
surgeries at POC settings. This review summarizes the applied ophthalmic
fluorescence sensing technologies in tears for ocular diagnosis and
monitoring. In addition, the cooperation of fabricated fluorescent
sensor with mobile phone readout devices for diagnosing ocular diseases
with specific biomarkers continuously is also discussed. Further perspectives
for the developments and applications of fluorescent ocular sensing
and diagnosing technologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
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18
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Amorim M, Martins B, Caramelo F, Gonçalves C, Trindade G, Simão J, Barreto P, Marques I, Leal EC, Carvalho E, Reis F, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, Girão H, Rodrigues-Santos P, Farinha C, Ambrósio AF, Silva R, Fernandes R. Putative Biomarkers in Tears for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873483. [PMID: 35692536 PMCID: PMC9174990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tear fluid biomarkers may offer a non-invasive strategy for detecting diabetic patients with increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) or increased disease progression, thus helping both improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assessed the tear fluid of nondiabetic individuals, diabetic patients with no DR, and diabetic patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or with proliferative DR (PDR) to find putative biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of DR. Methods Tear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer test strips from a cohort with 12 controls and 54 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients, and then analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics and bead-based multiplex assay. Tear fluid-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Western Blotting, and nano tracking. Results Proteomics analysis revealed that among the 682 reliably quantified proteins in tear fluid, 42 and 26 were differentially expressed in NPDR and PDR, respectively, comparing to the control group. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033101. By multicomparison analyses, we also found significant changes in 32 proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that most of these proteins are associated with oxidative stress and small EVs. Indeed, we also found that tear fluid is particularly enriched in small EVs. T2D patients with NPDR have higher IL-2/-5/-18, TNF, MMP-2/-3/-9 concentrations than the controls. In the PDR group, IL-5/-18 and MMP-3/-9 concentrations were significantly higher, whereas IL-13 was lower, compared to the controls. Conclusions Overall, the results show alterations in tear fluid proteins profile in diabetic patients with retinopathy. Promising candidate biomarkers identified need to be validated in a large sample cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jorge Simão
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Marques
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Farinha
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rosa Fernandes
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Vieira M, Fernandes R, Ambrósio AF, Cardoso V, Carvalho M, Weng Kung P, Neves MAD, Mendes Pinto I. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for minimally invasive molecular sensing of diabetic retinopathy. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1876-1889. [PMID: 35485913 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common diabetic eye disease and the worldwide leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. It progresses from mild to severe non-proliferative or proliferative DR based on several pathological features including the magnitude of blood-retinal barrier breakdown and neovascularization. Available pharmacological and retinal laser photocoagulation interventions are mostly applied in the advanced stages of DR and are inefficient in halting disease progression in a significantly high percentage of patients. Yet, recent evidence has shown that some therapies could potentially limit DR progression if applied at early stages, highlighting the importance of early disease diagnostics. In the past few decades, different imaging modalities have proved their utility for examining retinal and optic nerve changes in patients with retinal diseases. However, imaging based-methodologies solely rely on morphological examination of the retinal vascularization and are not suitable for recurrent and personalized patient evaluation. This raises the need for new technologies to enable accurate and early diagnosis of DR. In this review, we critically discuss the potential clinical benefit of minimally-invasive molecular biomarker identification and profiling of diabetic patients who are at risk of developing DR. We provide a comparative overview of conventional and recently developed lab-on-a-chip technologies for quantitative assessment of potential DR molecular biomarkers and discuss their advantages, current limitations and challenges for future practical implementation and continuous patient monitoring at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vieira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
| | - Peng Weng Kung
- Spin Dynamics in Health Engineering Group, Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | | | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Weigelt CM, Zippel N, Fuchs H, Rimpelä AK, Schönberger T, Stierstorfer B, Bakker RA, Redemann NH. Characterization and Validation of In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Investigate TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Retinal Diseases. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:18. [PMID: 35579886 PMCID: PMC9123507 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.5.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation is implicated in the etiology of diverse retinopathies including uveitis, age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine that is described as a biomarker for inflammation in diverse retinopathies and therefore emerged as an interesting target to treat inflammation in the eye by neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibodies. Methods Recently, we have demonstrated that Adeno-associated virus (AAV)–mediated expression of human TNF-α in the murine eye induces retinal inflammation including vasculitis and fibrosis, thereby mimicking human disease-relevant pathologies. In a proof-of-mechanism study, we now tested whether AAV-TNF-α induced pathologies can be reversed by neutralizing TNF-α antibody treatment. Results Strikingly, a single intravitreal injection of the TNF-α antibody golimumab reduced AAV-TNF-α–induced retinal inflammation and retinal thickening. Furthermore, AAV-TNF-α–mediated impaired retinal function was partially rescued by golimumab as revealed by electroretinography recordings. Finally, to study TNF-α-induced vasculitis in human in vitro cell culture assays, we established a monocyte-to-endothelium adhesion co-culture system. Indeed, also in vitro TNF-α induced monocyte adhesion to human retinal endothelial cells, which was prevented by golimumab. Conclusions Overall, our study describes valuable in vitro and in vivo approaches to study the function of TNF-α in retinal inflammation and demonstrated a preclinical proof-of-mechanism treatment with golimumab. Translational Relevance The AAV-based model expressing human TNF-α allows us to investigate TNF-α–driven pathologies supporting research in mechanisms of retinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Weigelt
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nina Zippel
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Holger Fuchs
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anna-Kaisa Rimpelä
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Tanja Schönberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co.KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Remko A Bakker
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Norbert H Redemann
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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21
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Frudd K, Sivaprasad S, Raman R, Krishnakumar S, Revathy YR, Turowski P. Diagnostic circulating biomarkers to detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy: Potential screening tool of the future? Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e648-e668. [PMID: 34269526 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in developing and developed countries, the socio-economic burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading complication of diabetes, is growing. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Robust methodologies exist to detect and monitor DR; however, these rely on specialist imaging techniques and qualified practitioners. This makes detecting and monitoring DR expensive and time-consuming, which is particularly problematic in developing countries where many patients will be remote and have little contact with specialist medical centres. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is largely asymptomatic until late in the pathology. Therefore, early identification and stratification of vision-threatening DR (VTDR) is highly desirable and will ameliorate the global impact of this disease. A simple, reliable and more cost-effective test would greatly assist in decreasing the burden of DR around the world. Here, we evaluate and review data on circulating protein biomarkers, which have been verified in the context of DR. We also discuss the challenges and developments necessary to translate these promising data into clinically useful assays, to detect VTDR, and their potential integration into simple point-of-care testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frudd
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital London UK
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Vision Research Foundation Sankara Nethralaya Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | - Patric Turowski
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
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22
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Khairul-Anwar I, Wan-Nazatul-Shima S, Siti-Lailatul-Akmar Z, Hamid Siti-Azrin A, Zunaina E. Evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 in saliva among diabetic retinopathy patients in East Coast Malaysia. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:310-316. [PMID: 35048479 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in saliva between different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and November 2020. This study included diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with no DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). None of the patients with DM were included in the control group. Unstimulated saliva samples were then collected. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured. RESULTS Altogether, 120 patients were included in the study (DM without DR, 33 patients; DM with NPDR, 30 patients; DM with PDR, 32 patients; non-DM, 25 patients). The mean IL-6 level in saliva was significantly higher in the DM group (0.033±0.005 pg/ml) than in the non-DM group (0.027±0.001 pg/ml) (p<0.001 after adjusting for covariates). There was no significant difference in mean salivary TNF-α between patients with DM and those without DM after adjusting for covariates. The mean IL-6 in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.036±0.003 pg/ml) and PDR (0.093±0.023 pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.027±0.001 pg/ml) (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Mean TNF-α in saliva was significantly higher in the NPDR (0.086±0.022 pg/ml) and PDR (0.093±0.023 pg/ml) groups than in the no DR group (0.049±0.011 pg/ml) (p=0.015 and p=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION There is an association between inflammatory biomarkers in saliva (IL-6 and TNF-α) and severity of DR among patients with DM, suggesting that these salivary biomarkers are potential biomarkers for screening, monitoring, and predicting the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khairul-Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shahidan Wan-Nazatul-Shima
- Basic Science & Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zainuddin Siti-Lailatul-Akmar
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ab Hamid Siti-Azrin
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Embong Zunaina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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23
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Nandi SK, Singh D, Upadhay J, Gupta N, Dhiman N, Mittal SK, Mahindroo N. Identification of tear-based protein and non-protein biomarkers: Its application in diagnosis of human diseases using biosensors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:838-846. [PMID: 34728300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of robust, selective and specific biomarkers are important for early diagnosis and monitor progression of human diseases. Eye being a common target for several human diseases, vision impediment and complications are often associated with systemic and ocular diseases. Tears are bodily fluids that are closest to eye and are rich in protein content and other metabolites. As a biomarker repository, it advantages over other bodily fluids due to the ability to collect it non-invasively. In this review, we highlight some recent advancements in identification of tear-based protein biomarkers like lacryglobin and cystatin SA for cancer; interleukin-6 and immunoglobulin-A antibody for COVID-19; tau, amyloid-β-42 and lysozyme-C for Alzheimer's disease; peroxiredoxin-6 and α-synuclein for Parkinson's disease; kallikrein, angiotensin converting enzyme and lipocalin-1 for glaucoma; lactotransferrin and lipophilin-A for diabetic retinopathy and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein-1, prolactin and calcium binding protein-A4 for eye thyroid disease. We also discussed identification of tear based non-protein biomarkers like lysophospholipids and acetylcarnitine for glaucoma, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyquanosine and malondialdehyde for thyroid eye disease. We elucidate technological advancement in developing tear-based biosensors for diagnosis and monitoring diseases such as diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the study of tears as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of human diseases is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Nandi
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Deepanmol Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Jyoti Upadhay
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Neeti Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Nayan Dhiman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mittal
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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24
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Shi Y, Jiang N, Bikkannavar P, Cordeiro MF, Yetisen AK. Ophthalmic sensing technologies for ocular disease diagnostics. Analyst 2021; 146:6416-6444. [PMID: 34591045 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnosis and personalized treatments are critical in ocular physiology and disease. Continuous sampling of tear fluid for ocular diagnosis is a need for further exploration. Several techniques have been developed for possible ophthalmological applications, from traditional spectroscopies to wearable sensors. Contact lenses are commonly used devices for vision correction, as well as for other therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. They are increasingly being developed into ocular sensors, being used to sense and monitor biochemical analytes in tear fluid, ocular surface temperature, intraocular pressure, and pH value. These sensors have had success in detecting ocular conditions, optimizing pharmaceutical treatments, and tracking treatment efficacy in point-of-care settings. However, there is a paucity of new and effective instrumentation reported in ophthalmology. Hence, this review will summarize the applied ophthalmic technologies for ocular diagnostics and tear monitoring, including both conventional and biosensing technologies. Besides applications of smart readout devices for continuous monitoring, targeted biomarkers are also discussed for the convenience of diagnosis of various ocular diseases. A further discussion is also provided for future aspects and market requirements related to the commercialization of novel types of contact lens sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,ICORG, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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25
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Lu Y, Zhou Q, Xu L. Non-Invasive Electrochemical Biosensors for TNF-α Cytokines Detection in Body Fluids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:701045. [PMID: 34621727 PMCID: PMC8490748 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.701045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which is an important indicator of the inflammatory process, has received increasing attention recently because it is easy to extract from body fluid and serves as an early sign of a serious systemic inflammatory disease. Developing fast and simple detection methods to quantify the concentration of TNF-α is essential. Saliva, tears, and urine, which can easily be sampled in a non-invasive way, are considered to be important matrices for monitoring and assessing the physiological status of humans; importantly, they also provide an ideal window for monitoring the concentration of TNF-α. As a fast, accurate, inexpensive, portable, and scalable method, electrochemical biosensors are very promising for biomarker detection in matrices obtained in a non-invasive manner. This review summarises and compares the electrochemical biosensors for the detection of TNF-α in a non-invasive manner and highlights recent advances and future prospects in developing high-performance electrochemical platforms for noninvasive measurement of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Alotaibi S, Markoulli M, Ozkan J, Papas E. Bio-chemical markers of chronic, non-infectious disease in the human tear film. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:166-176. [PMID: 34592130 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1974282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tear film is a thin, moist layer covering the ocular surface and is laden with proteins, peptides, lipids, mucins, electrolytes and cellular debris which function to maintain the healthy status of the ocular surface. In many cases of ocular or systemic disease, the integrity of this layer is changed and/or the balance of its constituents is disturbed. Since tears are easy and quick to collect and can be stored for long periods, they have the potential to be a valuable source of information relevant to many disease states. The purpose of this review is to collate information on the known biomarkers of systemic disease that have been identified in tears. The range of conditions covered includes diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, systemic sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, thyroid disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alotaibi
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerome Ozkan
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Papas
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Bódi N, Chandrakumar L, al Doghmi A, Mezei D, Szalai Z, Barta BP, Balázs J, Bagyánszki M. Intestinal Region-Specific and Layer-Dependent Induction of TNFα in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and after Insulin Replacement. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092410. [PMID: 34572059 PMCID: PMC8466257 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is essential in neuroinflammatory modulation. Therefore, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment on TNFα expression in different gut segments and intestinal wall layers. TNFα expression was mapped by fluorescent immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunogold electron microscopy in myenteric ganglia of duodenum, ileum and colon. Tissue TNFα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in muscle/myenteric plexus-containing (MUSCLE-MP) and mucosa/submucosa/submucous plexus-containing (MUC-SUBMUC-SP) homogenates. Increasing density of TNFα-labelling gold particles is observed in myenteric ganglia from proximal to distal segments and TNFα tissue levels are much more elevated in MUSCLE-MP homogenates than in MUC-SUBMUC-SP samples in healthy controls. In the diabetics, the number of TNFα gold labels is significantly increased in the duodenum, decreased in the colon and remained unchanged in the ileal ganglia, while insulin does not prevent these diabetes-related TNFα changes. TNFα tissue concentration is also increased in MUSCLE-MP homogenates of diabetic duodenum, while decreased in MUC-SUBMUC-SP samples of diabetic ileum and colon. These findings support that type 1 diabetes has region-specific and intestinal layer-dependent effects on TNFα expression, contributing to the regional damage of myenteric neurons and their intestinal milieu.
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28
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Dammak A, Huete-Toral F, Carpena-Torres C, Martin-Gil A, Pastrana C, Carracedo G. From Oxidative Stress to Inflammation in the Posterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1376. [PMID: 34575451 PMCID: PMC8467715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most irreversible blindness observed with glaucoma and retina-related ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, have their origin in the posterior segment of the eye, making their physiopathology both complex and interconnected. In addition to the age factor, these diseases share the same mechanism disorder based essentially on oxidative stress. In this context, the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly by mitochondria and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation share a close pathophysiological process, appearing simultaneously and suggesting a relationship between both mechanisms. The biochemical end point of these two biological alarming systems is the release of different biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis. Furthermore, oxidative stress, initiating in the vulnerable tissue of the posterior segment, is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and inflammation, which are involved in each disease progression. In this review, we have analyzed (1) the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the back of the eye, (2) the importance of biomarkers, detected in systemic or ocular fluids, for the diagnosis of eye diseases based on recent studies, and (3) the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, based on long-term clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dammak
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Carpena-Torres
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Alba Martin-Gil
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristina Pastrana
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Optometry and Vsiion, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Bartkevičienė D, Pilypienė I, Serapinas D, Vaigauskaitė B, Vankevičiūtė RA, Bartkevičiūtė A, Narkevičiūtė I, Dumalakienė I. Umbilical Blood Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α as Predictors of the Central Nervous System Damage and Retinopathy in Preterm Infants. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1036-1041. [PMID: 32052396 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify the critical levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in umbilical cord blood that could be used as markers for predicting the central nervous system (CNS) damage and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A total of 158 preterm infants, born at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation, were evaluated in the first week after birth and at 36 to 37 weeks of postconceptual age. RESULTS A significant relationship between CNS changes and concentrations of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p < 0.001) in umbilical cord blood at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation was determined. The concentration of IL-6 >13.0 pg/mL predicts significant CNS damages in 36 to 37-week infants (p = 0.013). ROP was diagnosed in 24.8% infants (n = 149). It was detected that the levels of TNF-α >116.4 pg/mL (p < 0.001) and IL-6 >13.0 pg/mL (p < 0.05) in umbilical cord blood could predict 2 to 3/3 to 4 stages of ROP. CONCLUSION Critical values of IL-6 and TNF-α in predicting ≥grade III intraventricular hemorrhage in the early adaptation and in predicting marked CNS damages and severe ROP stages in the later adaptation of preterm infants were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Bartkevičienė
- Department of Neonatology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Pilypienė
- Department of Neonatology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danielius Serapinas
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Family Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Vaigauskaitė
- Department of Neonatology, Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Aurelija Vankevičiūtė
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Bartkevičiūtė
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Narkevičiūtė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irena Dumalakienė
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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30
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Yang J, Miao X, Yang FJ, Cao JF, Liu X, Fu JL, Su GF. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic retinopathy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:75. [PMID: 33693955 PMCID: PMC7949626 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a type of retinal microangiopathy caused by diabetes mellitus. It has become the leading cause of blindness among working individuals worldwide. DR is becoming increasingly common among younger diabetic patients and there is a need for lifelong treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms of DR are influenced by a number of factors, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, among others. Currently, the treatment methods for DR mainly include retinal photocoagulation, vitrectomy, or anti‑vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. However, these methods have some disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, it is a matter of great interest and urgency to discover drugs that can target the pathogenesis of DR. Since ancient times, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have accumulated extensive experiences in the use of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of diseases. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, curcumin has the effects of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. A number of studies have also demonstrated that curcumin has multiple biological activities, including exerting anti‑apoptotic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. In recent years, studies have also confirmed that curcumin can prevent a variety of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the preventive and curative effects of curcumin on DR and its mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetes mellitus and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Juan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Fang Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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31
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Yuan M, He Q, Long Z, Zhu X, Xiang W, Wu Y, Lin S. Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Biological Strategy-Based Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5544518. [PMID: 34394383 PMCID: PMC8356007 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5544518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LDD) for diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS The potential targets of LDD were predicted by PharmMapper. GeneCards and other databases were used to collect DR genes. Cytoscape was used to construct and analyze network DR and LDD's network, and DAVID was used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, animal experiments were carried out to verify the results of systematic pharmacology. RESULTS Five networks were constructed and analyzed: (1) diabetic retinopathy genes' PPI network; (2) compound-compound target network of LDD; (3) LDD-DR PPI network; (4) compound-known target network of LDD; (5) LDD known target-DR PPI network. Several DR and treatment-related targets, clusters, signaling pathways, and biological processes were found. Animal experiments found that LDD can improve the histopathological changes of the retina. LDD can also increase erythrocyte filtration rate and decrease the platelet adhesion rate (P < 0.05) and decrease MDA and TXB2 (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the retinal VEGF and HIF-1α expression in the LDD group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of LDD on DR may be achieved by interfering with the biological processes (such as response to insulin, glucose homeostasis, and regulation of angiogenesis) and signaling pathways (such as insulin, VEGF, HIF-1, and ErbB signaling pathway) related to the development of DR that was found in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yuan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi He
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghe Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shibin Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, China
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Whitmore HAB, Amarnani D, O'Hare M, Delgado-Tirado S, Gonzalez-Buendia L, An M, Pedron J, Bushweller JH, Arboleda-Velasquez JF, Kim LA. TNF-α signaling regulates RUNX1 function in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21155. [PMID: 33135824 PMCID: PMC7821222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001668r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) acts as a mediator of aberrant retinal angiogenesis and has been implicated in the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Patients with PDR, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and wet age‐related macular degeneration (wet AMD) have been found to have elevated levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in the eye. In fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) taken from patients with PDR RUNX1 expression was increased in the vasculature, while in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), TNF‐α stimulation causes increased RUNX1 expression, which can be modulated by RUNX1 inhibitors. Using TNF‐α pathway inhibitors, we determined that in HRMECs, TNF‐α‐induced RUNX1 expression occurs via JNK activation, while NF‐κB and p38/MAPK inhibition did not affect RUNX1 expression. JNK inhibitors were also effective at stopping high d‐glucose‐stimulated RUNX1 expression. We further linked JNK to RUNX1 through Activator Protein 1 (AP‐1) and investigated the JNK‐AP‐1‐RUNX1 regulatory feedback loop, which can be modulated by VEGF. Additionally, stimulation with TNF‐α and d‐glucose had an additive effect on RUNX1 expression, which was downregulated by VEGF modulation. These data suggest that the downregulation of RUNX1 in conjunction with anti‐VEGF agents may be important in future treatments for the management of diseases of pathologic ocular angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A B Whitmore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhanesh Amarnani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael O'Hare
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago Delgado-Tirado
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miranda An
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julien Pedron
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo A Kim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Manchikanti V, Kasturi N, Rajappa M, Gochhait D. Ocular surface disorder among adult patients with type II diabetes mellitus and its correlation with tear film markers: A pilot study. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2020; 11:156-160. [PMID: 34295621 PMCID: PMC8259518 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_56_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose is to study the ocular surface changes among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to correlate them with tear film markers such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on diabetic patients (>5 years' duration) and healthy age- and gender-matched controls with 21 individuals in each group. Schirmer's test for basal and reflex tear secretion, tear film breakup time (TBUT) for tear stability, ocular staining score (OSS) for dryness severity, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) for symptomatic assessment of dryness and conjunctival impression cytology (IC) for epithelial cell integrity, keratinization, squamous metaplasia, and goblet cell density was studied. Thirty microliters of tears were collected to test IGF-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. RESULTS Patients with DM showed significantly low Schirmer's, TBUT, and OSS values than controls. OSDI score showed moderate-severe dryness in patients with DM and only mild symptoms among controls. An abnormal IC score was seen among cases and controls. The level of TNF-α was significantly increased in patients with DM and positively correlated with Schirmer and TBUT values (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dry eye is more prevalent in patients with DM compared to controls as evidenced by poor OSDI score, Schirmer, TBUT, and OSS. TNF-α in the tears of patients with DM is a useful marker that showed a good correlation with Schirmer, TBUT, and dry eye symptoms. IC could not conclusively differentiate the dry eye status in patients with DM from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumari Manchikanti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Nirupama Kasturi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Medha Rajappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Debasis Gochhait
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Chen WL, Chuang HS. Trace Biomolecule Detection with Functionalized Janus Particles by Rotational Diffusion. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12996-13003. [PMID: 32933244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are small proteins secreted by cells in innate and adaptive immune systems. Abnormal cytokine secretion is often regarded as an early cue of dysregulation of homeostasis due to diseases or infections. Early detection allows early medical intervention. In this study, a natural phenomenon called rotational Brownian motion was characterized by Janus particles and its potential use in detection of trace biomolecules explored. Through the functionalization of the Janus particles with an antibody, the target cytokine, that is, tumor necrosis factor-α, was measured in terms of rotational diffusion. Rotational diffusion is highly sensitive to the particle volume change according to the Stokes-Einstein-Debye relation and can be quantified by blinking signal. Accordingly, 1 μm half-gold and half-fluorescent microbeads were conjugated with 200 nm nanobeads through sandwiched immunocomplexes. The light source, lead time for stabilization, and purification were investigated for optimization. Particle images can be captured with green light at 5 Hz within 300 s. Under such conditions, the functionalized Janus particles eventually achieved a limit of detection of 1 pg/mL. The rotational diffusometry realized by Janus particles was power-free and feasible for ultrasensitive detection, such as early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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López-Contreras AK, Martínez-Ruiz MG, Olvera-Montaño C, Robles-Rivera RR, Arévalo-Simental DE, Castellanos-González JA, Hernández-Chávez A, Huerta-Olvera SG, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Rodríguez-Carrizalez AD. Importance of the Use of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Inflammatory Profile in Aqueous and Vitreous Humor in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090891. [PMID: 32962301 PMCID: PMC7555116 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and morbidity worldwide, being the number one cause of blindness in people between 27 and 75 years old. It is estimated that ~191 million people will be diagnosed with this microvascular complication by 2030. Its pathogenesis is due to alterations in the retinal microvasculature as a result of a high concentration of glucose in the blood for a long time which generates numerous molecular changes like oxidative stress. Therefore, this narrative review aims to approach various biomarkers associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Focusing on the molecules showing promise as detection tools, among them we consider markers of oxidative stress (TAC, LPO, MDA, 4-HNE, SOD, GPx, and catalase), inflammation (IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and MMPs), apoptosis (NF-kB, cyt-c, and caspases), and recently those that have to do with epigenetic modifications, their measurement in different biological matrices obtained from the eye, including importance, obtaining process, handling, and storage of these matrices in order to have the ability to detect the disease in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen López-Contreras
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - María Guadalupe Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Cecilia Olvera-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Raúl Robles-Rivera
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Diana Esperanza Arévalo-Simental
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Castellanos-González
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44329, Mexico
| | - Abel Hernández-Chávez
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Selene Guadalupe Huerta-Olvera
- Medical and Life Sciences Department, La Ciénega University Center, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Jalisco 47810, Mexico;
| | - Ernesto German Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
| | - Adolfo Daniel Rodríguez-Carrizalez
- Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (A.K.L.-C.); (M.G.M.-R.); (C.O.-M.); (R.R.R.-R.); (D.E.A.-S.); (J.A.C.-G.); (A.H.-C.); (E.G.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Kaštelan S, Orešković I, Bišćan F, Kaštelan H, Gverović Antunica A. Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020; 30:030502. [PMID: 32774120 PMCID: PMC7394255 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2020.030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in developed countries. Numerous investigations have recognised inflammation and angiogenesis as important factors in the development of this complication of diabetes. Current methods of DR treatment are predominantly used at advanced stages of the disease and could be associated with serious side effects. Therefore, new diagnostic methods are needed in order to identify the initial stages of DR as well as monitoring the effects of applied therapy. Biochemical biomarkers are molecules found in blood or other biological fluid and tissue that indicate the existence of an abnormal condition or disease. They could be a valuable tool in detecting early stages of DR, identifying patients most susceptible to retinopathy progression and monitoring treatment outcomes. Biomarkers related to DR can be measured in the blood, retina, vitreous, aqueous humour and recently in tears. As the retina represents a small part of total body mass, a circulating biomarker for DR needs to be highly specific. Local biomarkers are more reliable as indicators of the retinal pathology; however, obtaining a sample of aqueous humour, vitreous or retina is an invasive procedure with potential serious complications. As a non-invasive novel method, tear analysis offers a promising direction in further research for DR biomarker detection. The aim of this paper is to review systemic and local inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers relevant to this sight threatening diabetic complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Filip Bišćan
- Augenzentrum Mühldorf, Überörtliche Gemeinschaftspraxis, Mühldorf am Inn, Germany
| | - Helena Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
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Zhu Z, Liao H, Scheetz J, Zhang J, He J, Wang W. The Association between Retinopathy and Arthritis: Findings from a US National Survey 2005-2008. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1543-1549. [PMID: 32323599 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1760306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the association between retinopathy and arthritis in a representative sample in the United States. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a series of biannual surveys in a nationally representative non-institutionalized population of the United States. Two waves of NHANES (2005-2008) were merged in the current analysis. Arthritis status and types of arthritis were obtained from questionnaires. Non-mydriatic fundus photographs were collected among participants aged 40 years and older and retinopathy status was assessed using the Airlie House classification scheme. The association between arthritis and retinopathy was evaluated using logistic regression models. Results From 6,797 eligible participants, 4,901 had information in terms of arthritis status and gradable fundus photographs of at least 1 eye. Retinopathy was less prevalent in patients with osteoarthritis compared with those without osteoarthritis (11.9% vs 17.5%, P < .05). Participants who had osteoarthritis had 43% reduced relative risk of retinopathy compared to those without, after adjusting for covariates (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.33-0.98). This significant association persisted among diabetic participants (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-1.00). However, no significant associations between any arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, other types of arthritis and retinopathy were noted. Conclusions Patients with osteoarthritis were less likely to have retinopathy when compared with those without. Further studies investigating the possible protective effects of arthritis physiology and/or arthritis treatment in retinopathy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Huan Liao
- Neural Regeneration Group, Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn , Bonn, Germany
| | - Jane Scheetz
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
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Gnanasekaran S, Bandala-Sanchez E, Kolic M, Churilov L, Rogers SL, McAuley AK, Sandhu SS, Qureshi S, Lim LL, Wickremasinghe SS. The association between intravitreal ranibizumab therapy and serum cytokine concentrations in patients with diabetic macular edema. Mol Vis 2020; 26:246-256. [PMID: 32256028 PMCID: PMC7127926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the association between intravitreal ranibizumab therapy and serum cytokine concentrations in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods Twenty-five patients with center-involved DME were recruited prospectively. Serum samples were collected from the patients before and 4 weeks after two ranibizumab injections. The levels of 32 cytokines at these two time points were assessed using a multiplex array assay. Results Following two ranibizumab injections, there was a statistically significant decrease in the median [interquartile range] levels of Interleukin 1-1beta (IL-1β) from 5.56 [3.6, 8.75] to 2.33 [1.51, 2.89], Interleukin 13 (IL-13) from 4.30 [1.84, 18.55] to 0.38 [0.38, 0.78], granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from 64.65 [42.9, 108] to 37.8 [27.3, 46.37], Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) from 241 [103.33, 753.4] to 94.4626 [42.04, 118.58], Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) from 234.68 [144.16, 285.98] to 158.73 [94.71, 198.64], Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) from 3.65 [2.62, 11.02] to 1.41 [0.94, 1.88], and Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) from 131.09 [100.68,28 240.27] to 45.19 [24.04, 68.55]. There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of Interleukin 9 (IL-9) from 0.76 [0.76, 7.03] to 19.67 [5.36 27.76], Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) from 0.28 [0.28, 30 0.28] to 6.79 [I3.74, 14.16], Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from 2.55 [2.55, 2.55] to 25.24 [14.51, 41.73], and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor -1 (sVEGFR-1) from 333.92 [204.99, 440.43] to 500.12 [38.7, 786.91]. A Bonferroni-corrected p value of 0.00156 was considered statistically significant. Conclusions In patients with DME, intravitreal ranibizumab therapy appears to influence the serum levels of a range of cytokines. After two injections, intravitreal ranibizumab therapy appears to be associated with a significant decrease in inflammatory mediators and a rise in VEGF and sVEGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivashanth Gnanasekaran
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Maria Kolic
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Florey institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophie L. Rogers
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie K. McAuley
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Sukhpal S. Sandhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Salmaan Qureshi
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lyndell L. Lim
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Wang JY, Kwon JS, Hsu SM, Chuang HS. Sensitive tear screening of diabetic retinopathy with dual biomarkers enabled using a rapid electrokinetic patterning platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:356-362. [PMID: 31848562 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bead-based immunosensors have intrigued the scientific community over the past decades due to their rapid and multiplexed capabilities in the detection of various biological targets. Nevertheless, their use in the detection of low-abundance analytes remains a continuing challenge because of their limited number of active enrichment approaches. To this end, our research presents a delicate microbead enrichment technique using an optoelectrokinetic platform, followed by the detection of dual biomarkers for the sensitive screening of an eye disease termed diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, microbeads turned fluorescent as their surfaces formed sandwiched immunocomplexes in the presence of target antigens. The tiny fluorescent dots were then concentrated using the optoelectrokinetic platform for the enhancement of their signals. The signal rapidly escalated in 10 s, and the optimal limit of detection was nearly 100 pg mL-1. For practical DR screening, two biomarkers, lipocalin 1 (LCN1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were used. Approximately 20 μL of analytes were collected from the tear samples of the tested patients. The concentrations of both biomarkers showed escalating trends with the severity of DR. Two concentration thresholds of LCN1 and VEGF that indicate proliferative DR were determined out of 24 clinical samples based on the receiver operating characteristic curves. For verification, a single-blind test was conducted with additional clinical tear samples from five random subjects. The final outcome of this evaluation showed an accuracy of >80%. This non-invasive screening provides a potential means for the early diagnosis of DR and may increase the screening rate among the high-risk diabetic population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Division of Thermal and Fluids Science, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. and Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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Gui F, You Z, Fu S, Wu H, Zhang Y. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591. [PMID: 33013692 PMCID: PMC7499433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication which affects retinal function and results in severe loss of vision and relevant retinal diseases. Retinal vascular dysfunction caused by multifactors, such as advanced glycosylation end products and receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, proliferator-activated receptor-γ disruption, growth factors, oxidative stress, and microRNA. These factors promote retinal endothelial dysfunction, which results in the development of DR. In this review, we summarize the contributors in the pathophysiology of DR for a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanism in the development of DR with a special emphasis on retinal endothelial dysfunction.
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Moreddu R, Vigolo D, Yetisen AK. Contact Lens Technology: From Fundamentals to Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900368. [PMID: 31183972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses are ocular prosthetic devices used by over 150 million people worldwide. Primary applications of contact lenses include vision correction, therapeutics, and cosmetics. Contact lens materials have significantly evolved over time to minimize adverse effects associated with contact lens wearing, to maintain a regular corneal metabolism, and to preserve tear film stability. This article encompasses contact lens technology, including materials, chemical and physical properties, manufacturing processes, microbial contamination, and ocular complications. The function and the composition of the tear fluid are discussed to assess its potential as a diagnostic media. The regulatory standards of contact lens devices with regard to biocompatibility and contact lens market are presented. Future prospects in contact lens technology are evaluated, with particular interest given to theranostic applications for in situ continuous monitoring the ocular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Moreddu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Daniele Vigolo
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
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Cruz A, Queirós R, Abreu CM, Barata C, Fernandes R, Silva R, Ambrósio AF, Soares-dos-Reis R, Guimarães J, Sá MJ, Relvas JB, Freitas PP, Mendes Pinto I. Electrochemical Immunosensor for TNFα-Mediated Inflammatory Disease Screening. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2676-2682. [PMID: 30985099 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation associated with cancer, neurodegenerative, ocular, and autoimmune diseases has a considerable impact on public health. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a key mediator of inflammatory responses, responsible for many of the systemic manifestations during the inflammatory process. Thus, inhibition of TNFα is a commonplace practice in the treatment of these disorders. Successful therapy requires the ability to determine the appropriate dose of anti-TNFα drugs to be administered in a timely manner, based on circulating TNFα levels. In this Letter, we report the development of an immunosensor technology able to quantify TNFα at the picogram level in relevant human body fluids, holding the potential to early detect inflammation and monitor TNFα levels during treatment, enabling TNFα-targeted treatments to be tailored according to the immune status of an individual patient. This immunosensor technology is significantly more rapid and sensitive than conventional enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, maintaining high specificity and requiring small sample volumes. These features might also be advantageous in the context of personalized medicine, as this analytical platform can deliver advanced diagnostics and reduce clinical burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruz
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Raquel Queirós
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Catarina M. Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Barata
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1649-004, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-531, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-531, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal
| | - Antonio F. Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-531, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Soares-dos-Reis
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Joana Guimarães
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Maria José Sá
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
- Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - João B. Relvas
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
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Glinská G, Krajčíková K, Zakutanská K, Shylenko O, Kondrakhova D, Tomašovičová N, Komanický V, Mašlanková J, Tomečková V. Noninvasive diagnostic methods for diabetes mellitus from tear fluid. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18050-18059. [PMID: 35520589 PMCID: PMC9064664 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy arises from damage to retinal vessels and, in its final stages, causes blindness. The early stages are often asymptomatic and although regular screening of diabetic patients is recommended, the beginning of diabetic retinopathy is insufficiently detected. The diagnostic potential of fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy as the untraditional methods for diabetes mellitus was investigated using tear fluid. In our pilot study the structural changes of tear fluid of patients with diabetes mellitus after insulin and oral antidiabetic drug treatment was compared with healthy subjects. The results of analysis, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed structural changes in tear fluid of patients in comparison with the tear fluid of healthy subjects. Using new experimental laboratory methods in future could contribute to an improvement in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other selected ocular diseases using tear fluid. In our pilot study we assessed the diagnostic potential of FS, IRS and AFM for diabetes mellitus using tear fluid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Glinská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Kristína Krajčíková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
| | | | - Oleg Shylenko
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 041 54 Košice
| | - Daria Kondrakhova
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 041 54 Košice
| | | | - Vladimír Komanický
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 041 54 Košice
| | - Jana Mašlanková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Tomečková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- 040 11 Košice
- Slovakia
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45
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Tseng RC, Chen CC, Hsu SM, Chuang HS. Contact-Lens Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2651. [PMID: 30104496 PMCID: PMC6111605 DOI: 10.3390/s18082651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and screening of diseases have become increasingly important in predictive and preventive medicine as they improve patient treatment strategies and reduce cost as well as burden on our healthcare system. In this regard, wearable devices are emerging as effective and reliable point-of-care diagnostics that can allow users to monitor their health at home. These wrist-worn, head-mounted, smart-textile, or smart-patches devices can offer valuable information on the conditions of patients as a non-invasive form of monitoring. However, they are significantly limited in monitoring physiological signals and biomechanics, and, mostly, rely on the physical attributes. Recently, developed wearable devices utilize body fluids, such as sweat, saliva, or skin interstitial fluid, and electrochemical interactions to allow continuous physiological condition and disease monitoring for users. Among them, tear fluid has been widely utilized in the investigation of ocular diseases, diabetes, and even cancers, because of its easy accessibility, lower complexity, and minimal invasiveness. By determining the concentration change of analytes within the tear fluid, it would be possible to identify disease progression and allow patient-oriented therapies. Considering the emerging trend of tear-based biosensing technology, this review article aims to focus on an overview of the tear fluid as a detection medium for certain diseases, such as ocular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In addition, the rise and application of minimally invasive detection and monitoring via integrated contact lens biosensors will also be addressed, in regards to their practicality and current developmental progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chang Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chuen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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46
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Santiago AR, Boia R, Aires ID, Ambrósio AF, Fernandes R. Sweet Stress: Coping With Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:820. [PMID: 30057551 PMCID: PMC6053590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays key roles in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the retina in diabetes and the antioxidant defense system is also compromised. Increased ROS stimulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting a chronic low-grade inflammation involving various signaling pathways. An excessive production of ROS can lead to retinal endothelial cell injury, increased microvascular permeability, and recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation. Recent studies have started unraveling the complex crosstalk between retinal endothelial cells and neuroglial cells or leukocytes, via both cell-to-cell contact and secretion of cytokines. This crosstalk is essential for the maintenance of the integrity of retinal vascular structure. Under diabetic conditions, an aberrant interaction between endothelial cells and other resident cells of the retina or invading inflammatory cells takes place in the retina. Impairment in the secretion and flow of molecular signals between different cells can compromise the retinal vascular architecture and trigger angiogenesis. In this review, the synergistic contributions of redox-inflammatory processes for endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy will be examined, with particular attention paid to endothelial cell communication with other retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Santiago
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Boia
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês D Aires
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Rübsam A, Parikh S, Fort PE. Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040942. [PMID: 29565290 PMCID: PMC5979417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was considered only a microvascular complication, but the retinal microvasculature is intimately associated with and governed by neurons and glia, which are affected even prior to clinically detectable vascular lesions. While progress has been made to improve the vascular alterations, there is still no treatment to counteract the early neuro-glial perturbations in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia along with dyslipidemia, hypoinsulinemia and hypertension. Increasing evidence points to inflammation as one key player in diabetes-associated retinal perturbations, however, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Interlinked molecular pathways, such as oxidative stress, formation of advanced glycation end-products and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor have received a lot of attention as they all contribute to the inflammatory response. In the current review, we focus on the involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy with special emphasis on the functional relationships between glial cells and neurons. Finally, we summarize recent advances using novel targets to inhibit inflammation in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rübsam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Sonia Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Enhanced diffusometric immunosensing with grafted gold nanoparticles for detection of diabetic retinopathy biomarker tumor necrosis factor-α. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 101:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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The impact of diabetes on corneal nerve morphology and ocular surface integrity. Ocul Surf 2018; 16:45-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Phosat C, Panprathip P, Chumpathat N, Prangthip P, Chantratita N, Soonthornworasiri N, Puduang S, Kwanbunjan K. Elevated C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and glycemic load associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural Thais: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28716139 PMCID: PMC5512726 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elevated levels of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL6) are supposed to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Frequent high glycemic load (GL) consumption, central obesity, and a lack of physical activity are considered to be T2DM risk factors. This study aimed to determine the difference of these inflammatory markers as well as GL in individuals with versus those without T2DM in rural Thais. METHODS A total of 296 participants aged 35-66 living in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, were recruited. Blood was collected to evaluate blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers. A Semi-food frequency questionnaire was utilized to assess GL followed by socioeconomic and anthropometric assessment. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed. RESULTS Elevated CRP and IL6 levels were associated with increased risk of developing T2DM [OR (95% CI): 7.51 (2.11, 26.74) and 4.95 (1.28, 19.11)], respectively. There was a trend towards increased risk of T2DM with elevated TNF-α levels [OR (95% CI): 1.56 (0.39, 6.14)]. GL correlated significantly with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.289, P = 0.016), suggesting that it is involved in T2DM in this study group. CONCLUSION In this study, CRP, IL6, and TNF-α associated with T2DM. Our findings suggested that these inflammatory markers, especially CRP, may initiate T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchira Phosat
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Panprathip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Noppanath Chumpathat
- Faculty of Nursing, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, 18/18 Bangna-Trad Rd, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Somchai Puduang
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Karunee Kwanbunjan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Rd, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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