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Wan Y, Ma D, Yu L, Tian W, Wang T, Chen X, Shang Q, Xu H. The associations between dietary flavonoid intake and hyperlipidemia: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2010 and 2017-2018. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1374970. [PMID: 38883860 PMCID: PMC11176614 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1374970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia is a worldwide health problem and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; therefore, it imposes a heavy burden on society and healthcare. It has been reported that flavonoids can increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation, be anti-inflammatory, and reduce lipid factor levels, which may reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia. However, the relationship between the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and dietary flavonoid intake in the population remains unclear. Methods This study included 8,940 adults from the 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was analyzed using weighted logistic regression and weighted restricted cubic spline. Results We found an inverse relationship between subtotal catechins intake and hyperlipidemia prevalence in the third quartile [0.74 (0.56, 0.98), p = 0.04] compared with the first quartile. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and total flavan-3-ol intake in the third quartile were inversely correlated [0.76 (0.59, 0.98), p = 0.03]. Total anthocyanin intake was inversely related to the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in the third quartile [0.77 (0.62, 0.95), p = 0.02] and the fourth quartile [0.77 (0.60, 0.98), p = 0.04]. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was negatively correlated with total flavonols intake in the fourth quartile [0.75 (0.60, 0.94), p = 0.02]. Using restricted cubic splines analysis, we found that subtotal catechins intake and total flavan-3-ol intake had a nonlinear relationship with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. Conclusion Our study may provide preliminary research evidence for personalizing improved dietary habits to reduce the prevalence of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Linghua Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongxin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanye Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Shang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rehman AU. Chemical profile and in vivo anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of chloroform fraction of Zygophyllum indicum in Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38018814 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2286612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Anti-hyperlipidaemic effect of chloroform fraction of aerial parts of Zygophyllum indicum (Fagonia indica Burm.f.) was studied in rats. Adult Wistar albino rats were distributed into five groups. Rats of all groups except group I were given an intraperitoneal injection (Triton X-100) to induce hyperlipidaemia. Groups (I and II) served as normal and hyperlipidaemic control groups respectively. Group III and group IV were administered with 250 and 500 mg/kg chloroform fraction of the plant respectively after 18 h of inducing hyperlipidaemia. Group V was given 10 mg/kg of the standard atorvastatin. Chloroform fraction had significant (p < 0.05) hypolipidaemic effects on lipid profile and biochemical parameters with a protective effect on the liver in comparison to group II. F. indica with hypolipidaemic effect is useful in the management of hyperlipidaemia. Chloroform fraction with its constituents can be used as an antihyperlipidaemic supplement in developing countries for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiq-Ur- Rehman
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Salar College of Pharmacy, Amna Inayat Medical College Faizpur Interchange, Lahore, Sheikhupura, Pakistan
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Fragoso-Medina JA, López Vaquera SR, Domínguez-Uscanga A, Luna-Vital D, García N. Single anthocyanins effectiveness modulating inflammation markers in obesity: dosage and matrix composition analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1255518. [PMID: 38024376 PMCID: PMC10651755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACNs) are phytochemicals with numerous bioactivities, e.g., antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Health benefits from consuming ACN-rich foods, extracts, and supplements have been studied in clinical trials (CT). However, the individual effect of single ACNs and their correlation with doses and specific bioactivities or molecular targets have not been thoroughly analyzed. This review shows a recompilation of single anthocyanins composition and concentrations used in CT, conducted to investigate the effect of these anti-inflammatory derivatives in obese condition. Single anthocyanin doses with changes in the levels of frequently monitored markers were correlated. In addition, the analysis was complemented with reports of studies made in vitro with single ACNs. Anthocyanins' efficacy in diseases with high baseline obesity-related inflammation markers was evidenced. A poor correlation was found between most single anthocyanin doses and level changes of commonly monitored markers. Correlations between cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin derivatives and specific molecular targets were proposed. Our analysis showed that knowledge of specific compositions and anthocyanin concentrations determined in future studies would provide more information about mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Fragoso-Medina
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Selma Romina López Vaquera
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Astrid Domínguez-Uscanga
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Noemí García
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Preclinical Research Unit, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Saliani N, Montasser Kouhsari S, Izad M. The Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. Fruit Extract in Diabetic Rat. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:717-726. [PMID: 37865880 PMCID: PMC10591264 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2004742.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccinium arctostaphylos has traditionally been employed in Iranian folk medicine to treat diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its antidiabetic properties remain incompletely understood. The current experiment intended to explore the modulatory effects of V. arctostaphylos fruit ethanolic extract (VAE) on biochemical and molecular events in the livers of diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal control, normal rats with VAE treatment, diabetic control, and diabetic rats with VAE treatment. Following 42 days of treatment, the impact of VAE on diabetes-induced rats was assessed by measuring various serum biochemical parameters, including insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adiponectin levels. The activities of hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and glycogen content were determined. Additionally, expression levels of selected genes implicated in carbohydrate/lipid metabolism and miR-27b expression were evaluated. H and E-stained liver sections were prepared for light microscopy examination. RESULTS Treatment with VAE elevated levels of insulin and adiponectin that reduced levels of FFA, ROS, and TNF-α in the serum of diabetic rats. VAE-treated rats exhibited increased activities of hepatic glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glycogen concentrations, in conjunction with decreased activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). Furthermore, VAE significantly upregulated the transcription levels of hepatic insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), while considerably downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (Srebp1c). VAE remarkably enhanced the expression of miR27-b in the hepatic tissues of diabetic rats. Abnormal histological signs were dramatically normalized in diabetic rats receiving VAE compared to those in the diabetic control group. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of V. arctostaphylos and assist in better comprehension of its antidiabetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Saliani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shideh Montasser Kouhsari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Izad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jang HH, Hwang IG, Lee YM. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation on blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1207751. [PMID: 37649528 PMCID: PMC10463756 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor associated with increased mortality. The intake of plant food-derived bioactive compounds is associated with beneficial cardiovascular effects, including decreased blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels by analyzing relevant randomized controlled trials. Methods We searched the PubMed and Embase databases using the "Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes" format to determine whether anthocyanin supplementation intervention affected blood lipid levels compared with placebo supplementation in human participants. Results A total of 41 studies with 2,788 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.18, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (SMD = -0.16; 95% CI -0.26, -0.07) levels and increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.20, 0.65). Discussion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improved blood lipid component levels in the included studies. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on blood lipid levels and the safety of anthocyanin supplementation for treating dyslipidemia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021257087, identifier: CRD42021257087.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Functional Food Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Practical Science Education, Gyeongin National University of Education, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Helm MM, Alaba T, Klimis-Zacas D, Izuora K, Basu A. Effect of Dietary Berry Supplementation on Antioxidant Biomarkers in Adults with Cardiometabolic Risks: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1182. [PMID: 37371912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic conditions are closely associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Dietary berries may serve as a beneficial nutrition intervention to address the features of cardiometabolic dysfunction and associated oxidative stress. The high antioxidant status of dietary berries may increase antioxidant capacity and reduce biomarkers of oxidative stress. This systematic review was conducted to investigate these effects of dietary berries. The search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and citation searching. Through this search we identified 6309 articles and 54 were included in the review. Each study's risk of bias was assessed using the 2019 Cochrane Methods' Risk of Bias 2 tool. Antioxidant and oxidative stress outcomes were evaluated, and the magnitude of effect was calculated using Cohen's d. A range of effectiveness was reported in the included studies and the quality of the studies differed between the parallel and crossover trials. Considering the inconsistency in reported effectiveness, future investigations are warranted to determine the acute and sustained reductions of oxidative stress biomarkers from dietary berry intake (PROSPERO registration# CRD42022374654).
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy M Helm
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Tolu Alaba
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Kenneth Izuora
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Anthocyanins: Potential Therapeutic Approaches towards Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031237. [PMID: 36770906 PMCID: PMC9919338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are present in about three-quarters of the adult population in Mexico. The inflammatory mechanisms subjacent to visceral white adipose tissue are accountable for the initiation and development of cardiometabolic alterations, including type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes are pillars within its therapeutics and, thus, current dietary modifications should include not only hypocaloric prescriptions with balanced macronutrient intake, preferably by increasing the amount of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, but in concomitance, bioactive substances, such as anthocyanins, have been correlated with lower incidence of this disease.
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The Caucasian Whortleberry Extract/Myrtle Essential Oil Loaded Active Films: Physicochemical Properties and Effects on Quality Parameters of Wrapped Turkey Breast Meat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223553. [PMID: 36429145 PMCID: PMC9689128 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research work, the effects of myrtle essential oil (MEO) and Caucasian whortleberry extract (CWE) as natural additives were investigated on mechanical, physico-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of gellan/polyvinyl alcohol (G/PVA) film. Then, optimal blend active films were used for the wrapping of turkey breast meat stored at low temperature (4 ± 1 °C) for 15 days and chemical and sensory properties of wrapped meats were evaluated. The addition of MEO and CWE decreased tensile strength and increased the strain at the break of the films (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, with increasing the amount of MEO and CWE, the permeability to water vapor (WVP) and the moisture content (MC) of the films decreased (p ≤ 0.05). MIC test showed that MEO and CWE were effective against S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium, and P. fluorescens. at the concentrations of 5-6 and 15-17 mg/mL, respectively. Different microbiological, chemical, and sensory tests indicated that active films significantly enhanced the shelf life of turkey breast meat (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, based on our finding in this study, the use of these active and biodegradable packagings can be effective and useful for protecting the microbial and sensory quality of turkey breast meat.
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Tian Z, Fan D, Li K, Zhao D, Liang Y, Ji Q, Gao X, Ma X, Zhao Y, Mao Y, Meng H, Yang Y. Four-Week Supplementation of Water-Soluble Tomato Extract Attenuates Platelet Function in Chinese Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Crossover Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:891241. [PMID: 35719156 PMCID: PMC9199899 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.891241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Platelets are linked to atherosclerotic development and pathological thrombosis. Single dose of water-soluble tomato extract (WTE) which is a natural extraction can exert anti-platelet effects after 3 or 7 h in British healthy people. However, the effects of WTE supplementation on platelet function in Chinese healthy middle-aged and older individuals have not been studied, and the effects or safety of 4-week WTE supplementation also remain unclear. The present study aims to determine the effects of WTE on platelet function, and explore the safety of 4-week WTE supplementation in Chinese healthy middle-aged and older individuals. Methods A randomized, double-blinded, and crossover clinical trial was conducted. Firstly, 105 individuals were randomly divided into two groups that received WTE (150 mg/day) or placebo for 4 weeks. Then, after a washout period of 2 weeks, two groups exchanged groups and continued for another 4-week intervention. Platelet aggregation, P-selectin, activated GPIIbIIIa, plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were tested at baseline, 4, 6, and 10 weeks. Results Compared with the placebo group, 150 mg/day WTE supplement for 4 weeks significantly reduced ADP-induced or collagen-induced platelet aggregation (−10.8 ± 1.8 or −3.9 ± 1.5%, P < 0.05), ADP-induced or collagen-induced platelet P-selectin expression (−6.9 ± 1.5 or −6.6 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05), ADP-induced or collagen-induced activated GPIIbIIIa (−6.2 ± 2.0 or −3.8 ± 2.0%, P < 0.05). Besides, 4-week intervention of 150 mg WTE per day also resulted in significant reductions in plasma PF4 (−120.6 ± 33.2 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and β-TG (−129.7 ± 27.5 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and TXB2 (−42.0 ± 4.0 ng/mL, P < 0.05), while had no effects on coagulation function and liver or renal function. Interestingly, 2-week washout period is enough to reverse the inhibitory effect of 4-week WTE supplementation on platelet function. Conclusion WTE supplementation for 4 weeks could moderately reduce platelet activation, aggregation, and granule secretion in Chinese healthy middle-aged and older individuals, and these effects are safe. After 2-week washout period, the inhibitory effect of 4-week WTE on platelet function can be eliminated. Clinical Trial Registration [http://www.chictr.org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR-POR-17012927].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Die Fan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Kongyao Li
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Ji
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xilin Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Mao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huicui Meng,
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, China
- Yan Yang,
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Dashti S, Hadjzadeh MAR, Ghorbani A, Mohebbi M, Gholamnezhad Z. The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Ribes khorassanicum hydro-ethanolic extract co-administration in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2022; 12:145-154. [PMID: 35614886 PMCID: PMC9090322 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2021.51446.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present randomized clinical trial assessed the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Ribes khorassanicum. Materials and Methods Eighty type 2 diabetic patients were randomly allocated to placebo or intervention groups and respectively received placebo or extract capsules (700 mg, bid) beside their conventional medication for 3 months. Patients' blood pressure and blood levels of fasting blood glucose (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2 hr postprandial glucose (2hPPG), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of treatment. For determination of plant safety, liver enzymes (SGOT and SGPT) and kidney function (in terms of urea, creatinine, and microalbumin levels) were assessed and patients were asked to report adverse effects. Results The R. khorasanicum hydro-ethanolic extract supplementation significantly decreased the levels of FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C in the extract group compared to the placebo group (p<0.05-p<0.01). However, 2hPPG, HbA1c, HDL-C, SGOT, SGPT, urea, creatinine, and urine microalbumin values were not significantly different between the placebo and the extract groups. No adverse effects were reported by the patients. Conclusion Co-supplementation of diabetic patients with R. khorasanicum extract ameliorated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia without causing any adverse effects; therefore, the plant extract may be recommended as a complementary therapy to improve diabetes-induced metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohebbi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +985138828565, Fax: +985138828564, ,
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +985138828565, Fax: +985138828564, ,
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Gholamnezhad Z, Hadjzadeh MAR, Sotoudeh R, Aghaei A, Kasraie N. Effects of Ribes khorasanicum hydro-ethanolic extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic complications in rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:459-465. [PMID: 35529809 PMCID: PMC9010840 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2020.113744.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The anti-diabetic effects of Ribes khorasanicum as a traditional remedy were investigated in diabetic rats. Thirty-five male rats were divided into five groups: control, diabetic, diabetic treated with metformin (300 mg kg-1; D+Met), diabetic treated with 250 and 500 mg kg-1 of Ribes khorasanicum hydro-ethanolic extract (D+Rib250 and D+Rib500). After six weeks of treatment, sera of overnight fasted animals were collected and used for measurement of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, urea, creatinine, and hepatic enzymes levels. Moreover, liver and kidney of rats were removed and used for measurement of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol content, and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes increased the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-C, urea, creatinine, hepatic enzymes, and kidney and liver oxidative stress markers, while decreased insulin and HDL-C when compared to control group. In all treated groups serum levels of glucose, TC, LDL-C, TG, and urea were decreased, while liver SOD activity was increased compared to the diabetic group. The D+Rib500 group had lower Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), creatinine, and kidney MDA levels, but higher insulin, HDL-C levels, liver CAT activity, and kidney thiol content, and CAT activity compared to diabetic group. In D+Met group, serum levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatinine, and MDA of liver and kidney were decreased, while liver SOD activity was increased compared to the diabetic group. Based on our findings, treatment with Ribes khorasanicum improved diabetic complications, while the effect of a higher dose of the extract was comparable to metformin's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; ,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; ,Correspondence Zahra Gholamnezhad. MSc, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: , Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh. MD, PhD , Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; ,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; ,Correspondence Zahra Gholamnezhad. MSc, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail: , Mousa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh. MD, PhD , Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Reyhaneh Sotoudeh
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; ,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Azita Aghaei
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
| | - Narges Kasraie
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, USA.
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12
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Sun P, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wu W, Ji B, Zhou F. Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112666. [PMID: 34828946 PMCID: PMC8617782 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7129
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13
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Zhou F, She W, He L, Zhu J, Gu L. The effect of anthocyanins supplementation on liver enzymes among patients with metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 36:53-61. [PMID: 34510592 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to summarize and quantitatively examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of anthocyanin supplementation on liver enzymes among patients with metabolic disorders, by employing a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Online databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of anthocyanin supplementation on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among patients with metabolic disorders. To estimate the overall effect of anthocyanin supplementation, we employed the random-effects model. In total, 12 RCTs were included in the systematic review. Pooled analysis did not show any significant changes in ALT (WMD: -0.92 U/L, 95% CI: -4.19 to 2.35, p = .58; I2 = 91.3%) and AST (WMD: -1.22 U/L, 95% CI: -3.43 to 0.99, p = .28; I2 = 87.0) concentrations after supplementation with anthocyanin. The dose and duration of supplementation were the potential sources of heterogeneity among most of the trials. However, subgroup analysis showed that the effect is not statistically significant in all subgroups. Overall, in our study, anthocyanin does not have any effect on liver enzyme levels significantly. However, future high-quality studies are still needed to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Zhou
- Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei She
- Clinical Laboratories, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuqun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gu
- Department of Radiation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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15
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Tian Z, Li K, Fan D, Zhao Y, Gao X, Ma X, Xu L, Shi Y, Ya F, Zou J, Wang P, Mao Y, Ling W, Yang Y. Dose-dependent effects of anthocyanin supplementation on platelet function in subjects with dyslipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103533. [PMID: 34392146 PMCID: PMC8374375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia induces platelet hyperactivation and hyper-aggregation, which are linked to thrombosis. Anthocyanins could inhibit platelet function in vitro and in mice fed high-fat diets with their effects on platelet function in subjects with dyslipidemia remained unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of anthocyanins on platelet function in individuals with dyslipidemia. Methods A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Ninety-three individuals who were initially diagnosed with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to placebo or 40, 80, 160 or 320 mg/day anthocyanin groups. The supplementations were anthocyanin capsules (Medox, Norway). Platelet aggregation by light aggregometry of platelet-rich plasma, P-selectin, activated GPⅡbⅢa, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were tested at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Findings Compared to placebo group, anthocyanins at 80 mg/day for 12 weeks reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation (-3.39±2.36%) and activated GPⅡbⅢa (-8.25±2.45%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to placebo group, anthocyanins at 320 mg/day inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation (-7.05±2.38%), ADP-induced platelet aggregation (-7.14±2.00%), platelet ROS levels (-14.55±1.86%), and mitochondrial membrane potential (7.40±1.56%) (P < 0.05). There were dose-response relationships between anthocyanins and the attenuation of platelet aggregation, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS levels (P for trend <0.05). Furthermore, significantly positive correlations were observed between changes in collagen-induced (r = 0.473) or ADP-induced (r = 0.551) platelet aggregation and ROS levels in subjects with dyslipidemia after the 12-week intervention (P < 0.05). Interpretation Anthocyanin supplementation dose-dependently attenuates platelet function, and 12-week supplementation with 80 mg/day or more of anthocyanins can reduce platelet function in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Kongyao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Die Fan
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518107, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518033, PR China
| | - Xilin Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Yilin Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Fuli Ya
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Jinchao Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Yuheng Mao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518106, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, PR China.
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16
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Sangsefidi ZS, Yarhosseini F, Hosseinzadeh M, Ranjbar A, Akhondi-Meybodi M, Fallahzadeh H, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. The effect of (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract on liver function among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5259-5268. [PMID: 34254372 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This double-blind randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate impact of Cornus mas L. fruit extract (CMFE) on liver function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fifty patients were randomly assigned into the CMFE and placebo groups to receive 20 ml of the extract or placebo for 12 weeks, respectively. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) levels, and steatosis and fibrosis scores were examined before and after the intervention. Although, a significant decrease was observed in CK-18 levels among the CMFE group (288.80 ± 85.40 vs. 235.66 ± 60.38; p = .001) after 12 weeks, no significant difference was found between the two groups. Moreover, a significant increase in fibrosis score in the placebo group (8.20 (6.35-9.40) vs. 8.40 (7.70-13.00); p = .03) as well as a significant difference in this marker (CMEF: 7.64 (6.30-8.25); placebo: 8.40 (7.70-13.00); p = .02) and its changes (CMEF: 0.60 (-1.00-1.07); placebo: 0.80 (-0.25-3.95); p = .02) were found between the groups after 12 weeks. No significant effect was noted on other variables. Therefore, consuming CMFE might have some beneficial effects on liver function markers in NAFLD. However, more studies are required in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Faezeh Yarhosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akhondi-Meybodi
- Gastroentrology Department, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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17
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Sangsefidi ZS, Mozaffari‐Khosravi H, Sarkhosh‐Khorasani S, Hosseinzadeh M. The effect of anthocyanins supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3954-3970. [PMID: 34262751 PMCID: PMC8269574 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess effect of consuming anthocyanins (ACNs; pure ACNs or products containing ACNs) on liver enzymes levels including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Although no significant impact was detected on the liver enzymes, a significant reduction was observed on ALT (WMD = -4.932 U/L, 95% CI = -9.848 to -0.015, p = .049) and AST (WMD = -3.464 U/L, 95% CI = -6.034 to -0.894, p = .008) in the studies that examined them as primary outcomes. A significant decrease was found on AST among the healthy subjects (WMD = -4.325 U/L, 95% CI = -8.516 to -0.134, p = .043) and in the studies that used products containing ACNs as intervention (WMD = -2.201 U/L, 95% CI = -4.275 to -0.127, p = .037). Although no significant relation was detected between ACNs dosage and the liver enzymes, significant associations were found between the duration of trial with ALT (ALT: slope: 0.09, 95% CI = 0.040 to 0.139, p = .0003) and AST (slope: 0.076, 95% CI = 0.037 to 0.115, p = .0001). In conclusion, although ACNs had no significant effect on the liver enzymes, a significant decrease was discovered on ALT and AST in the studies that evaluated them as primary outcomes. A significant reduction was observed in AST in the healthy individuals and in the studies used products containing ACNs as intervention. Significant relations were also found between the duration of trial with ALT and AST. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Nutrition and Food Security CenterSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari‐Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security CenterSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Sahar Sarkhosh‐Khorasani
- Nutrition and Food Security CenterSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security CenterSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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18
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Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation on Reduction of Obesity Criteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062121. [PMID: 34205642 PMCID: PMC8234970 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoids that produce red-to-blue pigment in plants, have antioxidant properties and have been developed as a functional food to fight obesity. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic review with meta-analysis (SR-MA) was used to investigate these anti-obesity effects. Using search engines (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane-library, and CINAHL) and keywords (anthocyanins, BMI, WC, WHR, and inflammatory biomarkers), 11 out of 642 RCTs (28.3–500 mg/day of anthocyanins for 4 to 24 weeks) were included. The results showed a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) (MD = −0.36, 95% CI = −0.58 to −0.13), but body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) did not change. Anthocyanins decreased BMI in the non-obese (non-OB) group in five RCTs (BMI ≤ 25; MD = −0.40 kg/m2; 95% CI = −0.64 to −0.16;) but did not affect BMI in the obese (OB) group. A subgroup analysis of six RCTs showed that fewer than 300 mg/day reduced BMI (MD = −0.37; 95% CI = −0.06 to −0.14), but ≥300 mg/day did not. A treatment duration of four weeks for four RCTs was sufficient to decrease the BMI (MD = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.66 to −0.16) as opposed to a longer treatment (6–8 or ≥12 weeks). An analysis of the effect of anthocyanins on the BMI showed a significant fall among those from the Middle East compared to those from Asia, Europe, South America, or Oceania. In conclusion, the anthocyanin supplementation of 300 mg/day or less for four weeks was sufficient to reduce the BMI and BW compared to the higher-dose and longer-treatment RCTs. However, further studies might be conducted regarding the dose- or period-dependent responses on various obese biomarkers.
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Differences in the Effects of Anthocyanin Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism According to the Structure of the Main Anthocyanin: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062003. [PMID: 34200816 PMCID: PMC8230537 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of anthocyanins may differ according to their chemical structures; however, randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses that examine the consequences of these structural differences have not been reported yet. In this meta-analysis, anthocyanins in test foods of 18 selected RCTs were categorized into three types: cyanidin-, delphinidin-, and malvidin-based. Delphinidin-based anthocyanins demonstrated significant effects on triglycerides (mean difference (MD): −0.24, p < 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: −0.28, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (MD: 0.11, p < 0.01), whereas no significant effects were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins. Although non-significant, favorable effects on total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were observed for cyanidin- and malvidin-based anthocyanins, respectively (both p < 0.1). The ascending order of effectiveness on TC and LDL-C was delphinidin-, cyanidin-, and malvidin-based anthocyanins, and the differences among the three groups were significant (both p < 0.05). We could not confirm the significant effects of each main anthocyanin on glucose metabolism; however, insulin resistance index changed positively and negatively with cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanins, respectively. Therefore, foods containing mainly unmethylated anthocyanins, especially with large numbers of OH groups, may improve glucose and lipid metabolism more effectively than those containing methylated anthocyanins.
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Analysis of the intricate effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols on inflammatory pathways in health and disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111558. [PMID: 32640331 PMCID: PMC7335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, arthritis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various infectious diseases; lately most notably COVID-19 have been in the front line of research worldwide. Although targeting different organs, these pathologies have common biochemical impairments - redox disparity and, prominently, dysregulation of the inflammatory pathways. Research data have shown that diet components like polyphenols, poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fibres as well as lifestyle (fasting, physical exercise) are important factors influencing signalling pathways with a significant potential to improve metabolic homeostasis and immune cells' functions. In the present manuscript we have reviewed scientific data from recent publications regarding the beneficial cellular and molecular effects induced by dietary plant products, mainly polyphenolic compounds and PUFAs, and summarize the clinical outcomes expected from these types of interventions, in a search for effective long-term approaches to improve the immune system response.
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Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhao H, Wang X, Pang J, Li Q, Yang Y, Ling W. Anthocyanin supplementation improves anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in subjects with dyslipidemia. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101474. [PMID: 32179241 PMCID: PMC7078384 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, one of the major plant bioactive substances, possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity. However, their dose-response relationship has remained unclear. The present study investigated the dose-response relationship of anthocyanins with oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects with dyslipidemia. DESIGN and Participants: A total of 169 participants with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 43), anthocyanins 40 mg/day (n = 44), 80 mg/day (n = 40), or 320 mg/day (n = 42) groups. Urine 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and serum malonaldehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), UA (uric acid), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks. RESULTS Anthocyanin supplementation (320 mg/day) for 6 weeks significantly improved T-SOD versus baseline (P < 0.05). A slight reduction in serum IL-6, TNF-α, and urine 8-iso-PGF2α from the baseline was observed at 12 weeks in the group receiving 40 mg/day anthocyanins. Anthocyanins (80 mg/day) significantly reduced serum IL-6 (-20%), TNF-α (-11%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-27%) versus baseline (P < 0.05). Moreover, 320 mg/day anthocyanin supplementation reduced serum IL-6 (-40%), TNF-α (-21%), MDA (-20%) and urine 8-iso-PGF2α (-37%) and 8-OHdG (-36%) than 80 mg/day and 40 mg/day anthocyanins, P value < 0.05. Anthocyanin supplementation has dose-response relationships with decreased inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers 8-iso-PGF2α, 8-OHdG and MDA (P for trend, <0.05). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the changes in the urine 8-iso-PGF2α , 8-OHdG levels and serum IL-6 levels in subjects from anthocyanin groups after 12 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of anthocyanins for 12 weeks positively improved the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity in a dose-response manner in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Huiwen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Effect of dietary anthocyanins on biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Lapuente M, Estruch R, Shahbaz M, Casas R. Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2381. [PMID: 31590420 PMCID: PMC6835769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake have been recognized as a risk factor for almost all NCDs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). The main aim of this review is to examine the possible protective effect that fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds may have on the development of NCDs such as atherosclerosis. The accumulated evidence on the protective effects of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in some cases, or the lack of evidence in others, are summarized in the present review. The main conclusion of this review is that well-designed, large-scale, long-term studies are needed to truly understand the role fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds have in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Mana Shahbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Role of Berry Bioactive Compounds on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091983. [PMID: 31443489 PMCID: PMC6770868 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood lipids are an important biomarker of cardiovascular health and disease. Among the lipid biomarkers that have been widely used to monitor and predict cardiovascular diseases (CVD), elevated LDL and low HDL cholesterol (C), as well as elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, deserve special attention in their predictive abilities, and thus have been the targets of several therapeutic and dietary approaches to improving lipid profiles. Among natural foods and nutraceuticals, dietary berries are a rich source of nutrients, fiber, and various types of phytochemicals. Berries as whole fruits, juices, and purified extracts have been shown to lower total and LDL-C, and increase HDL-C in clinical studies in participants with elevated blood lipids, type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. This short review aimed to further discuss the mechanisms and magnitude of the lipid-lowering effects of dietary berries, with emphasis on reported clinical studies. Based on the emerging evidence, colorful berry fruits may thus be included in a healthy diet for the prevention and management of CVD.
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Sangsefidi ZS, Hosseinzadeh M, Ranjbar AM, Akhondi-Meybodi M, Fallahzadeh H, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. The effect of total anthocyanin-base standardized (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract on liver function, tumor necrosis factor α, malondealdehyde, and adiponectin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Nutr J 2019; 18:39. [PMID: 31324181 PMCID: PMC6642510 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Evidence showed that anthocyanins might have effects on NAFLD. Protective effects of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) extract, as an anthocyanins-rich source, on liver were reported in animal studies. However, very few clinical trials were conducted in this regard. Thus, the aim of this research will be to evaluate the effect of supplementation with total anthocyanin-base standardized cornelian cherry fruit extract on liver function (Serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cytokeratin-18 fragment M30 (CK-18 M30), as well as steatosis and fibrosis of liver), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), malondealdehyde (MDA), and adiponectin in patients with NAFLD. Methods In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 NAFLD patients will be studied. The patients will be randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group will receive the cornelian cherry extract, containing 320 mg.d− 1 anthocyanins, per day for 12 weeks. The control group will also take the placebo daily for 12 weeks. Liver function (Serum levels of AST, ALT and CK-18 M30; steatosis and fibrosis of liver), serum levels of TNF-α, MDA, and adiponectin will be measured at the baseline and the end of trial for both groups and their results will be compared. Discussion Considering evidences about the useful impacts of anthocyanins on NAFLD, the effects of supplementation with cornelian cherry extract will be investigated on the important variables related to NAFLD. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20180419039359N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Herbal Medicine Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akhondi-Meybodi
- Gastroentrology Department, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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4-Week consumption of anthocyanin-rich blood orange juice does not affect LDL-cholesterol or other biomarkers of CVD risk and glycaemia compared with standard orange juice: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 119:415-421. [PMID: 29498348 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated circulating cholesterol levels are a risk factor for CVD which is also associated with sub-optimal vascular function. There is emerging evidence that anthocyanins can cause beneficial cardio-protective effects by favourably modulating lipoprotein profiles. We compared the effects of blood orange juice which is rich in anthocyanins and blonde orange juice without anthocyanins on LDL-cholesterol and other biomarkers of CVD risk, vascular function and glycaemia. In all, forty-one participants (aged 25-84 years) with a waist circumference >94 cm (men) and >80 cm (women) completed a randomised, open label, two-arm cross-over trial. For 28 d participants ingested (i) 500 ml blood orange juice providing 50 mg anthocyanins/d and (ii) 500 ml blonde orange juice without anthocyanins. There was a minimum 3-week washout period between treatments. LDL-cholesterol and other biomarkers associated with CVD risk and glycaemia were assessed at the start and end of each treatment period. No significant differences were observed in total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, TAG, glucose, fructosamine, nitric oxide, C-reactive protein, aortic systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure or carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity after 28 d ingestion of blood orange juice compared with standard orange juice. The lack of effect on LDL-cholesterol may be due to the modest concentration of anthocyanins in the blood orange juice.
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27
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Mohtashami R, Fallah Huseini H, Nabati F, Hajiaghaee R, Kianbakht S. Effects of standardized hydro-alcoholic extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos leaf on hypertension and biochemical parameters in hypertensive hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:44-53. [PMID: 30788277 PMCID: PMC6369317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the blood pressure, lipid and glycemic effects and safety of Vaccinium arctostaphylos leaf in the hypertensive hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients took 350 mg standardized plant leaf hydro-alcoholic extract capsule (n=50) or placebo capsule (n=50) three times daily alongside conventional drugs for 2 months. At the baseline and endpoint, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and blood levels of fasting glucose (FG), 2-hr postprandial glucose (2hPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, triglyceride, HDL-C, SGOT, SGPT and creatinine were determined in both groups. To evaluate the extract safety, serum SGOT, SGPT and creatinine levels were tested; also, the patients were requested to report any adverse effects. RESULTS FG, 2hPPG, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, triglyceride and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were decreased, whereas HDL-C was increased significantly in the extract group compared to those of the placebo group at the endpoint (for all cases, p<0.05). The extract did not significantly influence other parameters and no adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION V. arctostaphylos leaf hydro-alcoholic extract as an adjunct to the conventional drugs has additional antihypertensive as well as anti-dyslipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects in hypertensive hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. Besides, the extract lacks hepatic, renal and patient-reported adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohtashami
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Fallah Huseini
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Hajiaghaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: 00982634764010, Fax: 00982634764021,
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Espinosa-Moncada J, Marín-Echeverri C, Galvis-Pérez Y, Ciro-Gómez G, Aristizábal JC, Blesso CN, Fernandez ML, Barona-Acevedo J. Evaluation of Agraz Consumption on Adipocytokines, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111639. [PMID: 30400222 PMCID: PMC6266490 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz (known as “agraz”) is a berry rich in polyphenolic compounds with demonstrated antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of agraz consumption on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women with MetS. Forty women with MetS (47 ± 9 years) were randomly assigned to consume daily either 200 mL of agraz nectar or placebo over four weeks in a double-blind, cross-over design study, separated by a 4-week washout period. Metabolic and inflammatory markers in serum and antioxidant/oxidative stress markers in serum and urine were assessed at the end of each period. Serum antioxidant capacity measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method was significantly higher (p = 0.028), while urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was lower (p = 0.041) after agraz consumption, compared to placebo. In conclusion, consumption of agraz during four weeks increased serum antioxidant capacity and decreased a marker of DNA oxidative damage in women with MetS, compared to placebo. These results suggest that agraz consumption may play a protective role in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Espinosa-Moncada
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Catalina Marín-Echeverri
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Yeisson Galvis-Pérez
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Gelmy Ciro-Gómez
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Juan C Aristizábal
- Research Group PHYSIS, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Barona-Acevedo
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program; School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Effect of purified anthocyanins or anthocyanin-rich extracts on C-reactive protein levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1406-1414. [PMID: 30375293 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the results of clinical trials are inconsistent, we conducted this research to assess the effect of purified anthocyanins or anthocyanin-rich extract supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We searched several databases to identify and extract data on characteristics, methods and outcomes of the eligible randomised controlled trials (RCT). A random-effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % CI were applied for data analysis. To investigate the effects of the study quality score or design on our results, we performed the same analysis by excluding the studies of Karlsen et al., with the lowest quality score, and Hassellund et al., with a cross-over design. Meta-analysis showed that anthocyanins had no significant impact on CRP levels (WMD=0·018; 95 % CI -0·44, 0·47; P=0·94). Although the effect of anthocyanins was independent of supplementation duration (slope: 0·01; 95 % CI -0·002, 0·03; P=0·08), their effect depended on the dose of anthocyanins (slope: 0·001; 95 % CI 0·0007, 0·002; P<0·001). However, no significant relationship was found between the anthocyanin dosage and CRP levels after excluding the studies of Karlsen et al. and Hassellund et al. Finally, anthocyanins had no effect on CRP levels regarding healthy participants, patients and types of anthocyanins. Although changes in CRP concentrations had no association with trial duration, a significant relationship was found between anthocyanin dosage and CRP level. No significant result was observed between the anthocyanin dosage and CRP levels after excluding the mentioned studies. Further well-designed RCT are needed to validate these findings.
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Effect of Anthocyanin Supplementations on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:8450793. [PMID: 29850238 PMCID: PMC5937577 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8450793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess combined data from seventeen randomized controlled trials studying effect of anthocyanin consumption on levels of various lipids and inflammatory markers with meta-analysis approach. Methods Various databases, namely, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Trial Register were used to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating an association between anthocyanins and lipid profile and inflammatory markers. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I2 statistics and data was expressed using mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Results Statistically significant reduction in triglyceride [mean difference (MD) = −9.16, 95% CI: −14.02 to −4.31 mg/dL, I2 = 33.54%, P = 0.149], low density lipoprotein [MD = −8.86, 95% CI: −11.17 to −20.02 mg/dL, I2 = 37.75%, P = 0.098], and apolipoprotein B [MD = −7.13, 95% CI: −8.66 to −5.59 mg/dL, I2 = 20.42%, P = 0.287] levels and increase in high-density lipoprotein [MD = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.8 to 2.54 mg/dL, I2 = 44.88%, P = 0.053] and apolipoprotein A-1 [MD = 6.1, 95% CI: 4.51 to 7.69 mg/dL, I2 = 6.95%, P = 0.358] levels were observed with anthocyanin supplementation. Levels of inflammatory markers were found to reduce [TNF-∞ - MD = −1.98, 95% CI: −2.40 to −1.55 pg/mL, I2 = 0%, P = 0.975; IL-6 - MD = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.8 to 1.53 pg/mL, I2 = 0%, P = 0.825; hs-CRP - MD = 0.164, 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.39 mg/dL, I2 = 0%, P = 0.569]. Though the effect on TC, IL-6, and hs-CRP was positive, it was nonsignificant in nature. Conclusion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly improves lipid profile and inflammatory status. However, future trials with sufficient sample size are recommended to substantiate the findings especially for the parameters showing nonsignificant improvement.
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Santhakumar AB, Battino M, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Dietary polyphenols: Structures, bioavailability and protective effects against atherosclerosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:49-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pehlivan N. Salt stress relief potency of whortleberry extract biopriming in maize. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:89. [PMID: 29430351 PMCID: PMC5796940 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries have gained public attention for their presumed positive effects on cancer patients. In contrast, the potential of berries to mitigate damage caused by abiotic stress in plants has not received significant attention. This is the first quantitative analysis of the efficacy of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. (Ericaceae) fruit extract (VAFE) used to bioprime maize to limit damage caused by salt stress. Salt stressed maize seedlings exhibit lower quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and photosynthetic pigment content relative to untreated controls however, Fv/Fm increase caused by VAFE was found marginal. VAFE biopriming limited pigment loss and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes. It improved the growth of salt stressed seedlings by reducing salt-induced biomass loss, damage to roots and shoots, lipid oxidation, proline synthesis and endogenous hydrogen peroxide concentrations. In sum, VAFE biopriming may provide a new approach to improve yields in soils containing high salt levels as an alternative to traditional agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necla Pehlivan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
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Martin C, Li J. Medicine is not health care, food is health care: plant metabolic engineering, diet and human health. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:699-719. [PMID: 28796289 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contents 699 I. 699 II. 700 III. 700 IV. 706 V. 707 VI. 714 714 References 714 SUMMARY: Plants make substantial contributions to our health through our diets, providing macronutrients for energy and growth as well as essential vitamins and phytonutrients that protect us from chronic diseases. Imbalances in our food can lead to deficiency diseases or obesity and associated metabolic disorders, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Nutritional security is now a global challenge which can be addressed, at least in part, through plant metabolic engineering for nutritional improvement of foods that are accessible to and eaten by many. We review the progress that has been made in nutritional enhancement of foods, both improvements through breeding and through biotechnology and the engineering principles on which increased phytonutrient levels are based. We also consider the evidence, where available, that such foods do enhance health and protect against chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Yang L, Ling W, Du Z, Chen Y, Li D, Deng S, Liu Z, Yang L. Effects of Anthocyanins on Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:684-693. [PMID: 28916569 PMCID: PMC5593100 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical trials have examined the role of anthocyanins on cardiometabolic health, but their effects have not been quantitatively synthesized and systematically evaluated. The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of anthocyanins on glycemic regulation and lipid profiles in both healthy populations and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane database, OVID EBM Reviews, and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched until February 2017. RCTs with a duration of ≥2 wk that evaluated the effects of anthocyanins on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipids as either primary or secondary outcomes were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the study quality. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were determined by random-effects models. Meta-regression, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on the overall effects. Thirty-two RCTs (1491 participants) were eligible for meta-analysis. Anthocyanins significantly reduced fasting glucose (SMD: -0.31; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.04; I2 = 80.7%), 2-h postprandial glucose (SMD: -0.82; 95% CI: -1.49, -0.15; I2 = 77.7), glycated hemoglobin (SMD: -0.65; 95% CI: -1.00, -0.29; I2 = 72.7%), total cholesterol (SMD: -0.33; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.03; I2 = 86.9%), and LDL (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.66, -0.05; I2 = 85.2%). Sensitivity analyses showed that the overall effects remained similar by excluding the trials with a high or unclear risk of bias. The significant improvements in glycemic control and lipids support the benefits of anthocyanins in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic disease. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of anthocyanins on metabolic profiles and to explore the optimal formula and dosage. The protocol for this review was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#index.php as CRD42016033210.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiPing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition and
| | - WenHua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition and
| | - ZhiCheng Du
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuMing Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition and
| | - ShiZhou Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition and
| | - ZhaoMin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition and
| | - LiLi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition and
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Bayrami A, Parvinroo S, Habibi-Yangjeh A, Rahim Pouran S. Bio-extract-mediated ZnO nanoparticles: microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and antidiabetic activity evaluation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:730-739. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1337025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bayrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shadi Parvinroo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shima Rahim Pouran
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Vendrame S, Del Bo' C, Ciappellano S, Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D. Berry Fruit Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040034. [PMID: 27706020 PMCID: PMC5187532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome is a cluster of risk factors which often includes central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, as well as a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and pro-thrombotic environment. This leads to a dramatically increased risk of developing type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death both in the United States and worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that berry fruit consumption has a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of most risk factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome and its cardiovascular complications in the human population. This is likely due to the presence of polyphenols with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, such as anthocyanins and/or phenolic acids. The present review summarizes the findings of recent dietary interventions with berry fruits on human subjects with or at risk of Metabolic Syndrome. It also discusses the potential role of berries as part of a dietary strategy which could greatly reduce the need for pharmacotherapy, associated with potentially deleterious side effects and constituting a considerable financial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- School of Food and Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Ciappellano
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- DeFENS-Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- School of Food and Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Dietary Phytochemicals: Natural Swords Combating Inflammation and Oxidation-Mediated Degenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5137431. [PMID: 27721914 PMCID: PMC5046019 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5137431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cumulatively, degenerative disease is one of the most fatal groups of diseases, and it contributes to the mortality and poor quality of life in the world while increasing the economic burden of the sufferers. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the major pathogenic causes of degenerative diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although a number of synthetic medications are used to treat these diseases, none of the current regimens are completely safe. Phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenes) from natural products such as dietary fruits, vegetables, and spices are potential sources of alternative medications to attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with degenerative diseases. Based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials, some of these active compounds have shown good promise for development into novel agents for treating RA, DM, and CVD by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, phytochemicals from natural products with the potential of ameliorating degenerative disease involving the bone, metabolism, and the heart are described.
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Liu C, Sun J, Lu Y, Bo Y. Effects of Anthocyanin on Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162089. [PMID: 27589062 PMCID: PMC5010219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia was present in most of the patients with coronary heart disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that anthocyanin has some effects on the serum lipid. However, these results are controversial. This study aimed at collecting current clinical evidence and evaluating the effects of anthocyanin supplementation on total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in dialysis patients. Methods The search included PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database (up to July 2015) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the association between anthocyanin and serum lipids. RevMan (version 5.2) was used for Meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and Egger’s weighted regression tests were performed by using STATA software (version 12.0; StatCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results Six studies (seven arms) involving 586 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that anthocyanin supplementation has significant effects on TC [MD = -24.06, 95% CI(-45.58 to -2.64) mg/dL, I2 = 93%], TG [MD = -26.14, 95%CI(-40.20 to -3.08) mg/dL, I2 = 66%1], LDL-C [MD = -22.10, 95% CI (-34.36 to -9.85) mg/dL, I2 = 61%], and HDL-C(MD = 5.58, 95% CI (1.02 to 10.14) mg/dL;I2 = 90%). Conclusion Anthocyanin supplementation significantly reduces serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in patients with dyslipidemia, and increases HDL-C. Further rigorously designed RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effectiveness of anthocyanin supplementation for dyslipidemia, especially hypo high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- The North Hospital of the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai City, 201999, Shanghai, China
| | - Yacong Bo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Effects of Berries Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23625. [PMID: 27006201 PMCID: PMC4804301 DOI: 10.1038/srep23625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of berries consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have not been systematically examined. Here, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis to estimate the effect of berries consumption on CVD risk factors. PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that regarding the effects of berries consumption in either healthy participants or patients with CVD. Twenty-two eligible RCTs representing 1,251 subjects were enrolled. The pooled result showed that berries consumption significantly lowered the low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol [weighted mean difference (WMD), −0.21 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.34 to −0.07; P = 0.003], systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD, −2.72 mmHg; 95% CI, −5.32 to −0.12; P = 0.04), fasting glucose (WMD, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.03; P = 0.004), body mass index (BMI) (WMD, −0.36 kg/m2; 95% CI, −0.54 to −0.18, P < 0.00001), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD, −0.20%; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.01; P = 0.04) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD, −0.99 ρg/mL; 95% CI, −1.96 to −0.02; P = 0.04). However, no significant changes were seen in other markers. The current evidence suggests that berries consumption might be utilized as a possible new effective and safe supplementary option to better prevent and control CVD in humans.
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Wallace TC, Slavin M, Frankenfeld CL. Systematic Review of Anthocyanins and Markers of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010032. [PMID: 26761031 PMCID: PMC4728646 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are dietary flavonoids commonly consumed in the diet, which have been suggested to have a preventative effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) development among epidemiological studies. We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effects of purified anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich extracts on markers of CVD (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and blood pressure) in both healthy and diseased populations. Eligible studies included RCTs of adults published in English. We searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and BIOSIS Previews for relevant articles from inception until 1 July 2014. Twelve RCTs representing 10 studies were included in this review. Supplementation with anthocyanins significantly improved LDL cholesterol among diseased individuals or those with elevated biomarkers. Supplementation did not significantly affect other markers of CVD in either healthy individuals or those with elevated markers. No adverse effects of anthocyanins were reported across studies at levels up to 640 mg/day. Limitations of trials in the qualitative analyses include short trial duration and large variability in the dose administered within the trials. Longer-duration trials assessing dose response are needed to adequately determine whether an effect of supplementation exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Cara L Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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Evaluation of the Effects of Cornus mas L. Fruit Extract on Glycemic Control and Insulin Level in Type 2 Diabetic Adult Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:740954. [PMID: 26508984 PMCID: PMC4609821 DOI: 10.1155/2015/740954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The plant Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) is traditionally used as an antidiabetic supplement; however, there is no related clinical trial. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the fruit extract of this plant on biomarkers of glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either the extract or placebo capsules (2 capsules twice daily) for 6 weeks. Each drug capsule contained 150 mg of anthocyanins. Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, HgbA1C, and triglyceride as well as 2-hour postprandial glucose level (2Hpp) were measured before and after the intervention and finally the mean values were compared between groups. Results. After 6 weeks of intervention, significant increase in insulin level (1.13 ± 1.90 versus -0.643 ± 1.82, P < 0.05) as well as decrease in HgbA1C (-0.24 ± 0.429 versus 0.023 ± 0.225, P < 0.05) and TG (-23.66 ± 55.40 versus 2.83 ± 15.71, P < 0.05) levels was observed in drug group compared to placebo. Conclusion. Daily consumption of the fruit extract of Cornus mas L. improves glycemic control by increasing insulin level and reduces TG serum level in type 2 diabetic adult patients.
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Effects of Vaccinium Berries on Serum Lipids: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:790329. [PMID: 26345230 PMCID: PMC4546752 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of anthocyanins consumption on cardiovascular risk are supported by mechanistic and epidemiologic evidence. In order to explore the effects of Vaccinium berries rich in anthocyanins on serum lipids, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Sixteen studies with 1109 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity confirmed differential effects between Vaccinium subclasses. The whortleberry group is significantly superior to placebo in lipids improvement. Besides, bilberry groups show significant differences in reducing LDL-C and increasing HDL-C in comparison with other treatments. For many of the other subgroups and comparison arms, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about efficacy.
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Park E, Cho S, Lee JE, Lee SM, Kim Y, Go MS, Kim YJ, Jung IK, Auh JH, Choi HK, Kim JH. Effects of Korean black raspberry supplementation on oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy male smokers. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Effects of Hedan Tablet () on lipid profile, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and high-density lipoprotein subfractions in patients with hyperlipidemia: A primary study. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:660-5. [PMID: 25967607 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Hedan Tablet () on serum lipid profile, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PSCK9) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with hyperlipidemia were randomized to treatment with Hedan Tablet 4.38 g/day as Hedan group (18 cases) or placebo (19 cases) as control group for 8 weeks. The lipid profile, PCSK9 and HDL subfractions were determined at day 0 and week 8 in both groups respectively. RESULTS Hedan treatment for 8 weeks mildly decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while no changes were found in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and PCSK9 concentrations. Furthermore, Hedan treatment increased the concentration of large high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the percentage of large HDL subfraction, while decreased the concentration of small HDL-C and the percentage of small HDL subfraction without changing serum HDL-C levels in patients with hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION Hedan treatment of 4.38 g per day for 8 weeks could confer a favorable effects on serum LDL-C concentration as well as HDL subfractions.
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Mena P, Domínguez-Perles R, Gironés-Vilaplana A, Baenas N, García-Viguera C, Villaño D. Flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and inflammation. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:745-58. [PMID: 25504851 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of inflammation constitutes a reactive response of the organism to tissue damage and is an important factor making part of a number of degenerative pathologies as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of them comprised in the metabolic syndrome. There is an increasing interest in plant products rich in flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins because of their potential beneficial effects observed in epidemiological studies against inflammatory-related diseases. Their anti-inflammatory effects are exerted by modulation of cell redox status and inhibition of signaling pathways as NF-κB activation. The effects depend on their concentrations in target tissues and hence the bioavailability pathways followed by each particular compound. In this sense, in vitro studies performed with parental compounds at doses exceeding to those found in vivo may be drawing erroneous conclusions about their real efficacy. Contradictory results have been observed in human intervention trials, which may be ascribed to the type of population studied, length of study, source of flavan-3-ol/anthocyanin, and dose provided. Human studies are required to confirm the positive effects found in vitro and in animal models. Future research should be focused on the understanding of dose/flavonoid intake-response relationship with pharmacokinetic studies, evaluating proper biomarkers of intake. Long-term dietary interventions are necessary to observe effects on markers of late activation as well as the possible preventive effects of these compounds on long-term inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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