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Charrier L, Comoretto RI, Bersia M, Dalmasso P, Koumantakis E, Borraccino A, Baban A, Berchialla P, Lemma P. Who Stays, Who Moves on and the Host Population: A Picture of Adolescents' Perceived Well-Being and Risk Behaviours. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105902. [PMID: 37239628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the health profile of first- and second-generation Romanian immigrants living in Italy compared to their adolescent peers in the country of origin (Romania) and the host population (Italian-borns). Analyses were performed on the 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey data. Romanian natives showed lower levels of health complaints and higher life satisfaction than Romanian migrants, who were similar to the host population, especially the second-generation ones. A comparable prevalence of being bullied was registered among Romanians, both native and immigrant, with significantly lower levels among Italian natives. Bullying others showed the second-generation migrants share a similar prevalence with the host population. The prevalence of liking school a lot was three times higher among the Romanian natives than among their peers living in Italy. Thanks to the HBSC data, this study is the first to examine the health of adolescent migrants from both the perspective of the host country and the population of origin. The results highlight the need for a more nuanced approach to studying immigrant populations, taking into account both the host country's perspective and the health patterns of the population of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Stoica AM, Kovacs-Ivacson CA, Stoica OE, Beresescu L, Monea M. Clinical and Pathological Manifestation of the Oral Mucosa in Institutionalized Children from Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15564. [PMID: 36497639 PMCID: PMC9740787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Institutionalized children, regardless of their age, are prone to psychiatric disorders, compared to those who live in two-parent families, due to the unfavorable physical and psychological conditions in which they develop. Unpropitious psychological conditions affect the child's general health and induce local manifestations that can be found in the oral cavity, affecting both soft tissues and teeth. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess and diagnose a series of pathological manifestations of the oral mucosa associated with poor living conditions or closely related to psychological stress. The clinical examination was performed by 4 specialist dentists, who consulted 150 children representing the study group and 52 children representing the control group, all having ages between 14 and 18 years old and meeting the same inclusion criteria. From the control group, 62.5% presented plaque-induced gingivitis (26.6% girls, 35.8% boys), 26.6% presented mucosal lesions produced by lip and cheek biting (23.3% girls, 35.8% boys), and 11.7% presented geographic tongue (6.6% girls, 5% boys), herpes simplex eruptions (3.3% girls, 4.2% boys) and oral ulcerations (12.5% girls, 10.8% boys). Morsicatio buccarul is a chronic, self-mutilating habit, currently becoming one of the most common tics encountered among institutionalized children. Furthermore, these children do not benefit from constant support and guidance to perform their dental hygiene, so the incidence of gingivitis induced by bacterial plaque and calculus is very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mihaela Stoica
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Csinszka Andrea Kovacs-Ivacson
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Oana Elena Stoica
- Department of Pedodontics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Liana Beresescu
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Monica Monea
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
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Risk Behaviors, Family Support, and Emotional Health among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073850. [PMID: 35409535 PMCID: PMC8997377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of risk behaviors among Israeli adolescents (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between different risk behaviors were examined and so was whether specific characteristics could predict risk behaviors in adolescents. The study consisted of 1020 Israeli adolescents aged 15-18. Study subjects completed an online survey between the first and second lockdowns in Israel (April 2020 to September 2020). Participants reported the frequency at which they engaged in four different risky behaviors: general risky behavior, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption (binge drinking), and cannabis use. The most prevalent risky behavior in the sample was binge drinking (33.8%). The four measured risky behaviors were significantly correlated. Among participants who had previously engaged in a risky behavior assessed, most did not change the behavior frequency during the pandemic. All independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics, family support, and emotional, health excluding friends' support, physical activity volume, and coronavirus restrictions) were significantly different between participants engaging vs. not engaging in risky behaviors. Our findings suggest that family support is one of the most influential factors in preventing risky behavior during the pandemic, and they emphasize the importance of family-based interventions with children and adolescents from elementary to high school.
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Charrier L, Bersia M, Vieno A, Comoretto RI, Štelemėkas M, Nardone P, Baška T, Dalmasso P, Berchialla P. Forecasting Frequent Alcohol Use among Adolescents in HBSC Countries: A Bayesian Framework for Making Predictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052737. [PMID: 35270429 PMCID: PMC8910627 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To summarize alcohol trends in the last 30 years (1985/6–2017/8) among 15-year-olds in Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) countries (overall sample size: 413,399 adolescents; 51.55% girls) and to forecast the potential evolution in the upcoming 2021/22 HBSC survey. (2) Methods: Using 1986–2018 prevalence data on weekly alcohol consumption among 15-year-olds related to 40 HBSC countries/regions, a Bayesian semi-parametric hierarchical model was adopted to estimate trends making a clusterization of the countries, and to give estimates for the 2022 HBSC survey. (3) Results: An overall declining trend in alcohol consumption was observed over time in almost all the countries. However, compared to 2014, some countries showed a new increase in 2018 and 2021/22 estimates forecast a slight increase in the majority of countries, pointing out a potential bounce after a decreasing period in frequent drinking habits. (4) Conclusions: The clusterization suggested a homogenization of consumption habits among HBSC countries. The comparison between 2022 observed and expected data could be helpful to investigate the effect of risk behaviour determinants, including the pandemic impact, occurring between the last two waves of the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Irene Comoretto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-6322
| | - Mindaugas Štelemėkas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tibor Baška
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
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Bartholomew R, Kerry-Barnard S, Beckley-Hoelscher N, Phillips R, Reid F, Fleming C, Lesniewska A, Yoward F, Oakeshott P. Alcohol use, cigarette smoking, vaping and number of sexual partners: A cross-sectional study of sexually active, ethnically diverse, inner city adolescents. Health Expect 2021; 24:1009-1014. [PMID: 33774898 PMCID: PMC8235897 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Context There are few UK data on the prevalence and clustering of risky behaviours in ethnically diverse adolescents. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of reported alcohol use, smoking and vaping, and explore whether these behaviours are associated with increased numbers of sexual partners. Design Questionnaire survey of ‘Test n Treat’ chlamydia screening trial participants. Setting and participants Sexually active students attending six London technical colleges completed confidential questionnaires and provided genitourinary samples. Results The median age of the 509 participants was 17 years (IQR: 16‐18), 47% were male, 50% were of black ethnicity, 55% reported ≥2 sexual partners in the past year (67% of males and 45% of females) and 6.2% had chlamydia infection and 0.6% gonorrhoea. Almost half (48%) reported getting drunk in the past month, 33% smoked cigarettes and 7% had ever vaped. A larger percentage of students with ≥2 sexual partners than 0‐1 partners reported getting drunk in the past month (53.7%, 144/268% versus 42.2% 94/223, adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.11‐1.61) and smoking cigarettes (36.6%, 100/273% versus 30.2%, 67/222, 1.34 (1.05‐1.70)). By contrast, multiple sexual partners were not associated with vaping or chlamydia infection, but numbers were small. Conclusions We found high prevalences of risky behaviour and an association between multiple sexual partners and smoking and/or getting drunk. Findings support the introduction of compulsory sex and relationship education in UK secondary schools, including information about the adverse effects of alcohol and smoking. Public contribution Participants helped with study design, conduct and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Bartholomew
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Kerry-Barnard
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Phillips
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fiona Reid
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Fleming
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Agata Lesniewska
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Freya Yoward
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Pippa Oakeshott
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Bellisario V, Piccioni P, Bugiani M, Squillacioti G, Levra S, Gulotta C, Mengozzi G, Perboni A, Grignani E, Bono R. Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Urban and Environmental Factors as Respiratory Disease Predictors in Italian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204048. [PMID: 31652605 PMCID: PMC6843982 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Risk monitoring in childhood is useful to estimate harmful health effects at later stages of life. Thus, here we have assessed the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental pollution on the respiratory health of Italian children and adolescents using spirometry and the forced oscillation technique (FOT). For this purpose, we recruited 188 students aged 6–19 years living in Chivasso, Italy, and collected from them the following data: (1) one filled out questionnaire; (2) two respiratory measurements (i.e., spirometry and FOT); and (3) two urine tests for Cotinine (Cot) and 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) levels. We found a V-shape distribution for both Cotinine and 15-F2t-IsoP values, according to age groups, as well as a direct correlation (p = 0.000) between Cotinine and tobacco smoke exposure. These models demonstrate that tobacco smoke exposure, traffic, and the living environment play a fundamental role in the modulation of asthma-like symptoms (p = 0.020) and respiratory function (p = 0.007). Furthermore, the results from the 11–15-year group indicate that the growth process is a protective factor against the risk of respiratory disease later in life. Lastly, the FOT findings highlight the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke exposure and urbanization and traffic on respiratory health and asthma-like symptoms, respectively. Overall, monitoring environmental and behavioral factors in childhood can provide valuable information for preventing respiratory diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Pavilio Piccioni
- Pneumology and Tisiology Unit, National Health Service (ASL TO2), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Bugiani
- Pneumology and Tisiology Unit, National Health Service (ASL TO2), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Stefano Levra
- Specialty School in Respiratory Diseases, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Carlo Gulotta
- S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, A.O.U. City of Health and Science, University Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Elena Grignani
- Environmental Research Center, ICS Maugeri, Institute of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Charrier L, Berchialla P, Dalmasso P, Borraccino A, Lemma P, Cavallo F. Cigarette Smoking and Multiple Health Risk Behaviors: A Latent Class Regression Model to Identify a Profile of Young Adolescents. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1771-1782. [PMID: 30859607 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is often established during adolescence when other health-related risk behaviors tend to occur. The aim of the study was to further investigate the hypothesis that risky health behaviors tend to cluster together and to identify distinctive profiles of young adolescents based on their smoking habits. To explore the idea that smoking behavior can predict membership in a specific risk profile of adolescents, with heavy smokers being more likely to exhibit other risk behaviors, we reanalyzed the data from the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Italian survey of about 60,000 first- and third-grade junior high school (JHS) and second-grade high school (HS) students. A Bayesian approach was adopted for selecting the manifest variables associated with smoking; a latent class regression model was employed to identify smoking behaviors among adolescents. Finally, a health-related risk pattern associated with different types of smoking behaviors was found. Heavy smokers engaged in higher alcohol use and abuse and experienced school failure more often than their peers. Frequent smokers reported below-average academic achievement and self-rated their health as fair/poor more frequently than nonsmokers. Lifetime cannabis use and early sexual intercourse were more frequent among heavy smokers. Our findings provide elements for constructing a profile of frequent adolescent smokers and for identifying behavioral risk patterns during the transition from JHS to HS. This may provide an additional opportunity to devise interventions that could be more effective to improve smoking cessation among occasional smokers and to adequately address other risk behaviors among frequent smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Charrier
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Franco Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Lopez Ulloa B, Angulo Quiñonez L. Estomatitis nicotínica asociada al hábito de fumar cigarro invertido en paciente ecuatoriana. ACTA ODONTOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/aoc.v9n2.79651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: la estomatitis nicotínica es un trastorno benigno de la mucosa oral del paladar duro, que puede extenderse al paladar blando y que comúnmente está presente en individuos fumadores de tabaco y cigarrillo. Esta lesión se manifiesta por la presencia de pápulas blanquecinas, aplanadas y generalmente asintomáticas. Objetivo: evaluar las lesiones en paladar causadas por el hábito de fumar cigarrillo de manera invertida y los beneficios de la supresión de esta práctica. Caso: paciente de 69 años, de sexo femenino, habituada a fumar cigarro de manera invertida desde la adolescencia. Examen clínico extraoral normal. En la exploración intraoral se observó edentulismo parcial y placas blanquecinas en paladar, con un tiempo de evolución desconocido. Se realizó diagnóstico clínico e histológico de estomatitis nicotínica. Conclusiones: la paciente fue diagnosticada con estomatitis nicotínica causada por la costumbre de fumar de manera invertida, lo que convierte a este en el primer caso reportado en Ecuador. La supresión de la práctica de tabaquismo invertido permitió una recuperación de la mucosa sin secuelas.
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Gorini G, Gallus S, Carreras G, Cortini B, Vannacci V, Charrier L, Cavallo F, Molinaro S, Galeone D, Spizzichino L, De Mei B, Pacifici R, Faggiano F. A long way to go: 20-year trends from multiple surveillance systems show a still huge use of tobacco in minors in Italy. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:164-169. [PMID: 30010742 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Main aim was to describe youth smoking prevalence in Italy over the last two decades, and to provide recent trends in knowledge, attitudes towards smoking, awareness of anti-tobacco mass media campaigns, second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and access to cigarettes. Methods Figures from three surveillance systems, with 12 representative cross-sectional surveys (about 43 000 participants): European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, 15-16-year-old students, 1995-2015; Health Behaviour in School-aged Children, 11-, 13-, 15-year-old students, 2002-14 and Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 13-15-year-old students, 2010, 2014. Results Among 11- and 13-year-old students, daily and non-daily smokers decreased by 30-50% from 2002 to 2014. Among 15-16-year-old adolescents, ever smokers significantly decreased by 10% in the period 1995-2015, whereas current and daily smokers have been stalling or even increased. Appeal of smoking increased in 2014 compared to 2010, perception of SHS as harmful, and awareness of recent anti-tobacco mass media campaigns decreased. Moreover, a significant 30% reduction in reporting retailers did not refuse to sell cigarettes to adolescents and a decrease in reporting to buy cigarettes were reported. Conclusions Policies enforced in Italy over the last 20 years slightly reduced ever smokers, but did not decrease current and daily smokers in 15-16-year-old adolescents, and determined an impact among younger adolescents. Stricter rules on youth tobacco access reduced ease of access to cigarettes, but did not affect adolescents' tobacco use. Stronger tobacco control measures are urgently needed in order to determine a steeper decline in smoking prevalence in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gorini
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Research & Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Research & Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Cortini
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Research & Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Vannacci
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications 'G. Parenti', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Faggiano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Nowak M, Papiernik M, Mikulska A, Czarkowska-Paczek B. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit substances use among adolescents in Poland. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2018; 13:42. [PMID: 30497492 PMCID: PMC6267883 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-018-0179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit substances typically first occurs in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use among adolescents in Poland, including the age of initiation, frequency of use, methods of access, location of use, and parental knowledge and attitude. Methods An author-derived questionnaire was used to cross-sectionally survey 541 participants aged 13–17 years old. Due to the fact that some answers were lacking, the number of questionnaires analysed was 538 in case of smoking and illicit substances use, and 535 in case of alcohol drinking. Results The use of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance among the investigated group was 36.1, 37.6, and 10.8% respectively. The average age of initiation was 13–14 years old. Parents were aware of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use 49.5, 35.8 and 22.4% of the time, respectively, and the rate of acceptance was 5.7 and 6.7% for alcohol and cigarettes. More than 28% of participants smoked in school, and 32.7% accessed illicit substances in the school’s neighborhood. Conclusions The rate of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit substance use in Poland is high and increasing, despite globally designed preventative actions. Parents’ awareness of children’s alcohol, cigarette, or illicit substance use is low, and schools hardly fulfil their educational and protective role. Preventative actions are necessary, and local challenges should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nowak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Papiernik
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Mikulska
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Czarkowska-Paczek
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, E. Ciolka Street 27, 01-445, Warsaw, Poland.
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Millarini V, Caini S, Allamani A, Ermini I, Querci A, Masala G, Fabbri S. Prevalence and co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle habits and behaviours among secondary school students in Tuscany, central Italy. Public Health 2018; 166:89-98. [PMID: 30472313 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unhealthy habits acquired during adolescence may persist in adulthood and eventually increase the risk of chronic illnesses. STUDY DESIGN We reported on a survey conducted in 2013-2015 among secondary school students in Tuscany, central Italy. METHODS We compared the prevalence of self-reported lifestyle characteristics and overweight/obesity between genders and age groups (14-16 vs 17-21 years). We partitioned each gender- and age-specific stratum into groups based on cigarette smoking and engagement in sport activities, and compared the prevalence of other unhealthy lifestyles across groups using Poisson regression. RESULTS Overall, 2167 students (53.3% males, mean age 16.8 years) were included. Males were more frequently overweight/obese than females. Cigarette smoking increased with age and did not differ by gender. Males were more likely to engage in sport activities, drink alcoholic beverages and adopt other unhealthy lifestyle habits, whereas females reported a more frequent use of painkillers. Cigarette smoking was the single lifestyle characteristic most consistently associated with other unhealthy habits. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and patterns of co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle habits varied by gender and age group among secondary school students in Italy. Our findings should be taken into account when planning public health initiatives aiming to combat obesity and tackle unhealthy lifestyles among secondary school students in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Millarini
- Cancer Research "Attilia Pofferi" Foundation, Pistoia, 51100, Italy.
| | - S Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | - A Allamani
- Former Head of the Alcohol Centre, Health Agency of Tuscany Region, Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | - I Ermini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | - A Querci
- Cancer Research "Attilia Pofferi" Foundation, Pistoia, 51100, Italy.
| | - G Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | - S Fabbri
- Cancer Research "Attilia Pofferi" Foundation, Pistoia, 51100, Italy.
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Amadori F, Bardellini E, Conti G, Majorana A. Oral mucosal lesions in teenagers: a cross-sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:50. [PMID: 28569171 PMCID: PMC5452358 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a period of transition to adulthood. Little is known about oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in teenagers, in which the emergence of new habits, unfamiliar to children, could affect the type of lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in a wide sample of adolescents. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out examining all medical records of adolescents (aged 13–18 years) treated at the Dental Clinic of the University of Brescia (Italy) in the period from 2008 to 2014. Cases with OMLs were selected. Data regarding age, gender, type of OML, bad habits, systemic chronic diseases were collected. Results A total of 6.374 medical records (mean age 15.2 + −1.7 years) were examined. We found 1544 cases (31.7%) of oral mucosal lesions; 36 different types of mucosal alterations were detected and the most frequent were: aphthous ulcers (18%), traumatic ulcerations (14.3%), herpes simplex virus (11%), geographic tongue (9.6%), candidiasis (5.5%), and morsicatio buccarum (4.7%). Papilloma virus lesions (1.7%), piercing-related lesions (4%), multiform erythema (0.13%), oral lichen planus (0.13%) and granular cell tumour (0.06%) were also diagnosed. Conclusions The prevalence of OMLs in adolescents are different from those in children and, in some conditions, it could increase with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Amadori
- Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Bardellini
- Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy. .,Clinica Odontoiatrica, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giulio Conti
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Majorana
- Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Razanamihaja N, Makino Y, Ogawa H, Ikeda N, Miyazaki H. The assessment of status of tobacco smoking among urban primary schoolchildren in Madagascar. Health Promot Int 2017; 32:351-359. [PMID: 27663777 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of tobacco smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 years old in Madagascar was previously reported to be higher than the average in other African regions. A preventive approach is urgently needed to avoid the initiation of early tobacco smoking. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the status of tobacco smoking among primary schoolchildren in Madagascar and explore the factors associated with initiation of tobacco smoking in the young. This study was conducted in the Mahajanga region of Madagascar. Three primary schools in this region and children of both genders between the ages of nine to 12 years old were randomly selected and approached to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire modified from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey Core Questionnaire 2007 was used to assess the status of tobacco smoking among primary schoolchildren. A total of 150 schoolchildren (14.0%) declared that they had smoked tobacco, with 30% starting to smoke tobacco at the age of seven or younger. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was lower among schoolchildren with non-smoking parents (p < 0.001) or non-smoking close friends (p < 0.001). Furthermore, schoolchildren's antismoking intention (p < 0.001) and their knowledge about the harmfulness of tobacco (p = 0.009) had significant effects on the prevalence of tobacco smoking. The results of this study indicate that tobacco smoking among schoolchildren in Madagascar may be influenced by peers, or parents, as well as smoking intention and knowledge about the harmfulness of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeline Razanamihaja
- Postgraduate Department of Nutrition and Environment, University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Paris Diderot University, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Yuka Makino
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- WHO Collaborating Center for Translation of Oral Health Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Japan Consortium for Global School Health Research, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- WHO Collaborating Center for Translation of Oral Health Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Japan Consortium for Global School Health Research, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ikeda
- Japan Consortium for Global School Health Research, Japan
- Bureau of International Medical Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- WHO Collaborating Center for Translation of Oral Health Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Japan Consortium for Global School Health Research, Japan
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