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Xie L, Wu Q, Li K, Khan MAS, Zhang A, Sinha B, Li S, Chang SL, Brody DL, Grinstaff MW, Zhou S, Alterovitz G, Liu P, Wang X. Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease with the Involvement of Microglia and Astrocyte Crosstalk and Gut-Brain Axis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2168-2190. [PMID: 38916729 PMCID: PMC11346405 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular Amyloid Aβ peptide (Aβ) deposition and intracellular Tau protein aggregation. Glia, especially microglia and astrocytes are core participants during the progression of AD and these cells are the mediators of Aβ clearance and degradation. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a complex interactive network between the gut and brain involved in neurodegeneration. MGBA affects the function of glia in the central nervous system (CNS), and microbial metabolites regulate the communication between astrocytes and microglia; however, whether such communication is part of AD pathophysiology remains unknown. One of the potential links in bilateral gut-brain communication is tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. The microbiota-originated Trp and its metabolites enter the CNS to control microglial activation, and the activated microglia subsequently affect astrocyte functions. The present review highlights the role of MGBA in AD pathology, especially the roles of Trp per se and its metabolism as a part of the gut microbiota and brain communications. We (i) discuss the roles of Trp derivatives in microglia-astrocyte crosstalk from a bioinformatics perspective, (ii) describe the role of glia polarization in the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and AD pathology, and (iii) summarize the potential of Trp metabolism as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the role of Trp in AD from the perspective of the gut-brain axis and microglia, as well as astrocyte crosstalk, to inspire the discovery of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Panritdum P, Muangnoi C, Tuntipopipat S, Charoenkiatkul S, Sukprasansap M. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala berry extract and cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibit hepatotoxicity and apoptosis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2947-2962. [PMID: 38628219 PMCID: PMC11016384 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative toxicity in liver cells is a significant risk factor that can cause cellular injury, leading to the development of chronic liver disease (CLD). Natural anthocyanins have been shown to prevent the harmful effects of oxidative toxicity in mammalian cells. Ripe Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala berry fruits are rich in anthocyanins, which have been reported to possess many health benefits. Therefore, this study examined the protective effect of ethanolic fruit extract of C. nervosum var. paniala (CNPE) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage and cell death in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Results showed that CNPE had strong antioxidant capabilities and high amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins. HPLC analysis showed that CNPE consists of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). Our investigations found that HepG2 cells pretreated with CNPE or anthocyanin C3G inhibited H2O2-induced cellular damage and apoptosis by increasing the viability of cells, the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, namely SOD, CAT, and GPx. Moreover, both CNPE and C3G significantly suppressed expression of apoptotic proteins (Bax and cytochrome c) and the activities of cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 caused by H2O2. Our results indicate that CNPE and C3G can suppress H2O2-induced hepatotoxicity and cell death through stimulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibition of apoptosis pathway in HepG2 cells. These findings might support development of CNPE as an alternative natural product for preventing CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasitta Panritdum
- Graduate student in Master of Science Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of NutritionMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Chawanphat Muangnoi
- Cell and Animal Model Unit, Institute of NutritionMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Siriporn Tuntipopipat
- Cell and Animal Model Unit, Institute of NutritionMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
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Luo Y, Chang T, Huang S, Xiang J, Tang S, Shen H. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Esculetin against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1415. [PMID: 38611695 PMCID: PMC11013120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Esculetin is a natural coumarin compound with good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether esculetin can protect HepG2 cells through inhibiting H2O2-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis is still ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of esculetin against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in HepG2 cells. The results of this study demonstrate that pretreatment with esculetin could significantly improve the decrease in cell viability induced by H2O2 and reduce intracellular ROS levels. Esculetin not only apparently reduced the apoptotic rates and prevented MMP loss, but also markedly decreased cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, pro-apoptotic protein (Bax), and MMP-related protein (Cyt-c) expression, and increased anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) expression in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, esculetin also remarkably reduced the level of LDH and decreased the expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, cleaved-Caspase-1, Il-1β, and GSDMD-N. Furthermore, esculetin pretreatment evidently downregulated the protein expression of p-JNK, p-c-Fos, and p-c-Jun. Additionally, anisomycin, a specific activator of JNK, blocked the protection of esculetin against H2O2-induced HepG2 cells apoptosis and pyroptosis. In conclusion, esculetin can protect HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis via inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. These findings indicate that esculetin has the potential to be used as an antioxidant that improves oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haiyan Shen
- The Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (S.H.); (J.X.); (S.T.)
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Ma ZA, Wang LX, Zhang H, Li HZ, Dong L, Wang QH, Wang YS, Pan BC, Zhang SF, Cui HT, Lv SQ. Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:502-518. [PMID: 38591083 PMCID: PMC10999033 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction (JPGS) has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) for many years. However, the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear. AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN. METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model. We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice. A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened. Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups, while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups. Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism; alanine, tryptophan metabolism; aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN. Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors. CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN, which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys. Furthermore, JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis in DN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ang Ma
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han-Zhou Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing-Hai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Song Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bao-Chao Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huan-Tian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 065000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shu-Quan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei Province, China
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Zhao Z, Xie L, Shi J, Liu T, Wang S, Huang J, Wu D, Zhang X. Neuroprotective Effect of Zishen Huoxue Decoction treatment on Vascular Dementia by activating PINK1/Parkin mediated Mitophagy in the Hippocampal CA1 Region. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117172. [PMID: 37709106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zishen Huoxue Decoction (ZSHXD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of vascular dementia (VD). Although the clinical effects of ZSHXD have been demonstrated, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ZSHXD remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore whether the neuroprotective effect of Zishen Huoxue Decoction (ZSHXD) treatment is associated with the PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy in hippocampal CA1 region of 2-VO model rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group, model group, Donepezil (0.45 mg/kg) group, ZSHXD low dose group (8.9 g/kg), ZSHXD medium dose group (17.8 g/kg), and ZSHXD high dose group (35.6 g/kg). Two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) rat model is established to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ZSHXD pretreatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining is conducted to detect the morphological changes of neurons and the number of normal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. Then, the mitochondrial function and structure were reflected by the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the expression of mitophagy related proteins mediated by PINK1/Parkin was detected by western blot (WB). After that, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by Elisa. At last, the apoptosis-related proteins Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2 were measured by WB. RESULTS The results depict that ZSHXD has dose-dependently improved the cognitive function in 2-VO model rats. It has also been showed that ZSHXD can alleviate neuron damage, rescue the mitochondrial structural injury and dysfunction in hippocampal CA1 region. Besides, ZSHXD has increased the activity of SOD and decreased the activity of MDA. In addition, ZSHXD can inhibit apoptosis with Caspase-3, Bax decreasing and Bcl-2 increasing. Specially, the protection of ZSHXD showed in 2-VO model rats is along with the upregulation of PINK1, Parkin and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ, and downregulation of p62 in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that ZSHXD protects the 2-VO model rats from ischemic injury by activating the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Zhao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Le Xie
- Hunan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiayi Shi
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410218, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tonghe Liu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410218, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shiliang Wang
- Hunan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dahua Wu
- Hunan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410218, Hunan Province, China.
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Jiang Z, Li W, Yu S, Wang X, Jiang H, Bai C, Li M, Chu F, Jiang J, Ma X. IL-22 relieves hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis based on the activation of STAT3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 166:106503. [PMID: 38036287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has been proven to exhibit a protective role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). This study aimed to explore the change of IL-22 and IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) axis in HIRI and its role in mitochondrial apoptosis associated with STAT3 activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS I/R mice were examined for the expression of IL-22, IL-22R1 and IL-22BP. The roles of IL-22 in hepatic histopathology and oxidative stress injuries (ALT, MDA and SOD) were determined. Oxidative stress damages of AML-12 cells were induced by H2O2, and were indicated by apoptosis, Ca2+ concentration, and mitochondrial function. The effects of IL-22 on p-STAT3Try705 were analyzed. RESULTS We found that the expression of IL-22, IL-22R1, and IL-22BP was elevated 24 h after I/R induction, while decreased 48 h after I/R induction. Furthermore, we also discovered that IL-22 rescued the morphological damages and dysfunction of hepatocytes induced by H2O2, which were antagonized by IL-22BP, an endogenous antagonist of IL-22. Additionally, increased levels of Ca2+ concentration, MDA, ROS, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were noticed in H2O2-treated hepatocytes. However, IL-22 ameliorated the effects of I/R or H2O2. The protective effects of IL-22 were reversed by AG490, a specific antagonist of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicated that IL-22 inhibited I/R-induced oxidative stress injury, Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial apoptosis via STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China; Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shuna Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hongxin Jiang
- Morphology Lab, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fangfang Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China.
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Lam CS, Xia YX, Chen BS, Du YX, Liu KL, Zhang HJ. Dihydro-Resveratrol Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance in In Vitro Models and High-Fat Diet-Induced Mouse Model via AMPK Activation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3006. [PMID: 37447331 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of obesity has become a prevalent strategy for preventing the diseases closely integrated with excess body weight such as diabetes over the last half century. Searching for therapeutic agents acting on oxidative stress, adipogenesis and insulin resistance is considered as an efficient approach to control obesity-related diseases. The present study was designed to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of dihydro-resveratrol (DR2), a naturally occurring compound from Dendrobium medicinal plants, on oxidative stress aggravation, adipogenesis, lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. We utilized an in vitro 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation model to show that DR2 could reduce pre-adipocyte maturation by activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling proteins to inhibit p38MAPK proteins. With the use of in vitro oxidative-stress-induced hepatocytes and myoblasts models, DR2 was also shown to be able to reduce oxidative stress aggravation through mediation of Nrf2-related antioxidative cascade, reduce intracellular lipid accumulation through phosphorylation of ACC protein, reduce lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes and promote insulin sensitivity via activation of AKT protein in the insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and C2C12 cells. The effects of DR2 on adipogenesis, lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and blood glucose clearance were further demonstrated in the high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model. Our in vitro and in vivo studies determined that DR2 could contain therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Shing Lam
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Xia
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bai-Sen Chen
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin-Xiao Du
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Muhaxi M, Liu F, Ng TB. Structural characterization and in vitro hepatoprotective activity of a novel antioxidant polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus ferulae. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125124. [PMID: 37290546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three novel antioxidant polysaccharides (G-1, AG-1, and AG-2) were isolated and purified from Pleurotus ferulae using mouse erythrocyte hemolysis inhibitory activity as an indicator. These components showed antioxidant activity at the chemical and cellular levels. Given that G-1 displayed superior performance in protecting the human hepatocyte L02 cells against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 compared to AG-1 and AG-2 and had a higher yield and purification rate, the detailed structure of G-1 was further characterized. G-1 mainly contains six kinds of linkage type units as A: →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, B: →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, C: →2,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, d: β-d-Manp(1→, E: →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, F: →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. Finally, the potential in vitro hepatoprotective mechanism of G-1 was discussed and elucidated. Results suggested that G-1 can protect L02 cells from H2O2-induced damage by reducing the leakage of AST and ALT from the cytoplasm, enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT, and suppressing lipid peroxidation and production of LDH. G-1 could further reduce the production of ROS, stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential and maintain cell morphology. Hence, G-1 could be a valuable functional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muguli Muhaxi
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Rezgui R, Walia R, Sharma J, Sidhu D, Alshagadali K, Ray Chaudhuri S, Saeed A, Dey P. Chemically Defined Lactobacillus plantarum Cell-Free Metabolites Demonstrate Cytoprotection in HepG2 Cells through Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040930. [PMID: 37107305 PMCID: PMC10136174 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Centering around the concept that metabolites from the gut commensals can exert metabolic health benefits along the gut-liver axis, we tested whether the cell-free global metabolome of probiotic bacteria can exert hepatoprotective benefits against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Cell-free global metabolites of Lactobacillus plantarum (LPM) were isolated and untargeted metabolomics was performed. The free radical scavenging potentials of LPM were measured. The cytoprotective effects of LPM were tested on HepG2 cells. A total of 66 diverse metabolites were identified in LPM, among which saturated fatty acids, amino acids and dicarboxylic acids were highly enriched. LPM attenuated cell damage, lipid peroxidation and the levels of intracellular cytoprotective enzymes in H2O2-treated cells. LPM also attenuated H2O2-induced increased expressions of TNF-α and IL-6. However, the cytoprotective effects of LPM were diminished in cells that were pretreated with a pharmacological inhibitor of Nrf2. Our data collectively indicate that LPM can significantly attenuate oxidative damage to HepG2 cells. However, the cytoprotective effects of LPM likely depend on an Nrf2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rezgui
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruhi Walia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Dwinder Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Khalid Alshagadali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Amir Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum 12810, Sudan
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
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Wang Q, Liu FJ, Wang XM, Zhao GH, Cai D, Yu JH, Yin FW, Zhou DY. Preparation and Hepatoprotective Activities of Peptides Derived from Mussels ( Mytilus edulis) and Clams ( Ruditapes philippinarum). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:719. [PMID: 36421997 PMCID: PMC9698671 DOI: 10.3390/md20110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625−10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25−800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fu-Jun Liu
- Liao Fishing Group Limited Company, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dong Cai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing-Han Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fa-Wen Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian 116034, China
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11
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Wang J, Lai X, Yuan D, Liu Y, Wang J, Liang Y. Effects of ferulic acid, a major component of rice bran, on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Li W, Jiang H, Bai C, Yu S, Pan Y, Wang C, Li H, Li M, Sheng Y, Chu F, Wang J, Chen Y, Li J, Jiang J. Ac2-26 attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via regulating IL-22/IL-22R1/STAT3 signaling. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14086. [PMID: 36193422 PMCID: PMC9526407 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is one of the major sources of mortality and morbidity associated with hepatic surgery. Ac2-26, a short peptide of Annexin A1 protein, has been proved to have a protective effect against IRI. However, whether it exerts a protective effect on HIRI has not been reported. The HIRI mice model and the oxidative damage model of H2O2-induced AML12 cells were established to investigate whether Ac2-26 could alleviate HIRI by regulating the activation of IL-22/IL-22R1/STAT3 signaling. The protective effect of Ac2-26 was measured by various biochemical parameters related to liver function, apoptosis, inflammatory reaction, mitochondrial function and the expressions of IL-22, IL-22R1, p-STAT3Tyr705. We discovered that Ac2-26 reduced the Suzuki score and cell death rate, and increased the cell viability after HIRI. Moreover, we unraveled that Ac2-26 significantly decreased the number of apoptotic hepatocytes, and the expressions of cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, HIRI increased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), NADP+/NADPH ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas Ac2-26 decreased them significantly. Additionally, Ac2-26 remarkably alleviated mitochondria dysfunction, which was represented by an increase in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and mitochondrial membrane potential, a decrease in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Finally, we revealed that Ac2-26 pretreatment could significantly inhibit the activation of IL-22/IL22R1/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that Ac2-26 ameliorated HIRI by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which might be closely related to the inhibition of the IL-22/IL22R1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxin Jiang
- Morphology Lab, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuna Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yaxin Sheng
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fangfang Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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13
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Zhu J, Li G, Zhou J, Xu Z, Xu J. Cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities of acteoside and various extracts of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz leaves against t-BHP induced oxidative damage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12630. [PMID: 35879416 PMCID: PMC9314432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the antioxidant potential and cytoprotective effects of ethanolic crude extract from Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum leaves (ECE) and five derived fractions (namely, petroleum ether fraction (PEF), dichloromethane fraction (DMF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butyl alcohol fraction (BAF) and the remaining fraction (RF)), as well as acteoside (Ac, a major phenolic component in EAF) on oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells. MTT assay results showed that ECE, EAF, BAF, RF and Ac increased the viability of t-BHP-damaged cells in a dose-dependent manner, while EAF significantly promoted cell viability. EAF, BAF, RF, or Ac reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased. Western blot analysis further indicated that EAF, BAF, RF, or Ac up-regulated pro-caspase-3 and reduced cleaved caspase-3 during t-BHP-induced oxidative stress. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence micrographs showed that Ac could inhibit apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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Wu DL, Wang TS, Liu HJ, Zhang W, Tong XH, Peng DY, Kong LY. Study on the mechanism of Wuzi-Yanzong-Wan-medicated serum interfering with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the GC-2 cell induced by atractyloside. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:282-289. [PMID: 35487598 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wuzi-Yanzong-Wan (WZYZW) is a classic prescription for male infertility. Our previous investigation has demonstrated that it can inhibit sperm apoptosis via affecting mitochondria, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore the actions of WZYZW on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in mouse spermatocyte cell line (GC-2 cells) opened by atractyloside (ATR). At first, WZYZW-medicated serum was prepared from rats following oral administration of WZYZW for 7 days. GC-2 cells were divided into control group, model group, positive group, as well as 5%, 10%, 15% WZYZW-medicated serum group. Cyclosporine A (CsA) was used as a positive control. 50 μmol·L-1 ATR was added after drugs incubation. Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry and TUNEL method. The opening of mPTP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by Calcein AM and JC-1 fluorescent probe respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), cyclophilin D (CypD), adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), cytochrome C (Cyt C), caspase 3, 9 were detected by RT-PCR (real time quantity PCR) and Western blotting respectively. The results demonstrated that mPTP of GC-2 cells was opened after 24 hours of ATR treatment, resulting in decreased MMP and increased apoptosis. Pre-protection with WZYZ-medicated serum and CsA inhibited the opening of mPTP of GC-2 cells induced by ATR associated with increased MMP and decreased apoptosis. Moreover, the results of RT-qPCR and WB suggested that WZYZW-medicated serum could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of VDAC1 and CypD, Caspase-3, 9 and CytC, as well as a increased ratio of Bcl/Bax. However, ANT was not significantly affected. Therefore, these findings indicated that WZYZW inhibited mitochondrial mediated apoptosis by attenuating the opening of mPTP in GC-2 cells. WZYZW-medicated serum inhibited the expressions of VDAC1 and CypD and increased the expression of Bcl-2, which affected the opening of mPTP and exerted protective and anti-apoptotic effects on GC-2 cell induced by ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Formula, Hefei 230012, China; School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tong-Sheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hong-Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medical Formula, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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15
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Potentiating the Benefits of Melatonin through Chemical Functionalization: Possible Impact on Multifactorial Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111584. [PMID: 34769013 PMCID: PMC8583879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin is an astonishing molecule, it is possible that chemistry will help in the discovery of new compounds derived from it that may exceed our expectations regarding antioxidant protection and perhaps even neuroprotection. This review briefly summarizes the significant amount of data gathered to date regarding the multiple health benefits of melatonin and related compounds. This review also highlights some of the most recent directions in the discovery of multifunctional pharmaceuticals intended to act as one-molecule multiple-target drugs with potential use in multifactorial diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the beneficial activities of melatonin derivatives reported to date, in addition to computational strategies to rationally design new derivatives by functionalization of the melatonin molecular framework. It is hoped that this review will promote more investigations on the subject from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
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N-acetylserotonin alleviated the expression of interleukin-1β in retinal ischemia-reperfusion rats via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108595. [PMID: 34000276 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) on the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the retina of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) rats via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. In this study, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, RIRI, RIRI + NAS and RIRI + TAK-242 + NAS groups. The rats in the RIRI + NAS and RIRI + TAK-242 + NAS groups were intraperitoneally injected with NAS 30 min before and after modeling. TAK-242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, was administered by intraperitoneal injection in RIRI + TAK-242 + NAS group. The RIRI rat model was established by elevating the intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg for 60 min. The retinal structure and edema were assessed by H&E staining. The expression levels of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB), NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, and IL-1β in the retina of each group were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The correlations of the differences of TLR4+ and cleaved Caspase-1+ with IL-1β+ cells (between the NAS and the RIRI groups) were analyzed, using linear regression in the RIRI + NAS group. Results showed that thinner retina, more RGCs, and less TLR4+, p-NF-κB+, NLRP3+, cleaved Caspase-1+, and IL-1β+ cells in the retina were observed in the RIRI + NAS and RIRI + TAK-242 + NAS groups compared with the RIRI group 12 h after RIRI (all P < 0.01). Western blot analysis results showed that the expression of IL-1β in the RIRI + NAS group began to increase 6 h after RIRI, and it reached a high level 12 h after RIRI, and then decreased. And it was lower at each time point in the RIRI + NAS group than in the RIRI group, and there existed significant difference (all P < 0.01). Besides, the expression levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, and cleaved Caspase-1 proteins in the RIRI + NAS and RIRI + TAK-242 + NAS groups decreased 12 h after RIRI compared with those in the RIRI group (all P < 0.01). The difference in IL-1β+ cells was significantly correlated with those of TLR4+ and cleaved Caspase-1+ cells in the RIRI + NAS group (r2 = 0.9054 or 0.7431, P < 0.01). In conclusion, NAS could attenuate the expression of IL-1β by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, reduce the retina edema, and promote the survival of RGCs, thereby alleviating the retinal injury and exert its neuroprotective effect.
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3-B-RUT, a derivative of RUT, protected against alcohol-induced liver injury by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107471. [PMID: 33756231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for alcohol-induced liver injury (ALI). Inflammatory response and oxidative stress play a crucial role in ALI. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) can be induced by inflammation and it has been reported that the enhanced expression of COX-2 in alcoholic liver injury. Rutaecarpine (RUT) was extracted from evodia rutaecarpa. RUT has a wide range of pharmacological activities. In order to increase its anti-inflammatory activity, our group introduced sulfonyl group to synthesized the 3-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonamide]-rutaecarpine (3-B-RUT). In this study, we explored the protective effect of 3-B-RUT on alcoholic liver injury in vivo and in vitro and preliminarily explore its mechanism. Mice ALI model was established according to the chronic-plus-binge ethanol model. Results showed that 3-B-RUT (20 μg/kg) attenuated alcohol-induced liver injury and suppressed liver inflammation and oxidative stress, and the effect was comparable to RUT (20 mg/kg). In vitro results are consistent with in vivo results. Mechanistically, the 3-B-RUT might suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress by regulating activation of NF-κB/COX-2 pathway. In summary, 3-B-RUT, a derivative of RUT, may be a promising clinical candidate for ALI treatment.
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18
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Superior protective effects of in vitro propagated green garlic against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cells. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:130-137. [PMID: 32975099 PMCID: PMC7968488 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic is a valuable source material for medicines due to its known antitumor, hypolipidaemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. This study compares the protective effects of conventionally grown (CG) and in vitro propagated garlic (PG) against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and their antioxidant activity. Garlic used in this study was obtained by planting garlic cloves or by planting the transplants of PG directly in the field. At the end of the vegetation period, CG and PG were sampled and extracts prepared for the experiment. Compared to conventionally grown garlic bulbs, PG leafy part yielded significantly higher content of polyphenols, flavonoids and alliin, and also showed equal or higher antioxidant activity, measured by the cell viability test, GSH and ROS level. Moreover, PG can be produced in less time (shorter vegetation period) and with significantly less material (cloves). Significantly higher content of alliin, polyphenols, and flavonoids and significantly higher yield of plant biomass in PG has a great potential to become a new production model with improved garlic properties as a medicine material.
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19
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Li H, Pan Y, Wu H, Yu S, Wang J, Zheng J, Wang C, Li J, Jiang J. Inhibition of excessive mitophagy by N-acetyl-L-tryptophan confers hepatoprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion injury in rats. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8665. [PMID: 32296597 PMCID: PMC7151751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechnism of hepatoprotective of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (L-NAT) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the effects of L-NAT were investigated in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) models both in vitro and in vivo, which were made by BRL cells and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, respectively. The cell viability of hepatocyte was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) staining. The activation of autophagy was detected by electron microscopy (EM), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The activation of mitophagy was determined by the change of autophagy related protein, change of mitochondrial structure and function, co-location of autophagy protein and MitoTracker. Results showed that the morphological structures of hepatocytes were changed significantly after HIRI, and the cell viability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced BRL cells was decreased. Autophagy markers Beclin1, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and autophagy related protein-7 (ATG-7) were highly expressed and the expression of SQSTM1 (P62) was decreased after HIRI, which suggested that autophagy of hepatocytes was activated after I/R. The reduction of ATP, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) after H2O2-induced revealed that function of mitochondrial had also undergone significant changes. The increased expression of autophagy protein, destructure of mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction, the increased co-location of Beclin1 and MitoTracker induced by H2O2 implied the excessive mitophagy. The expression of the autophagy protein was increased by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), providing another piece of evidence. Importantly, all changes were restored by L-NAT pretreament. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that excessive mitophagy involved in the process of HIRI and L-NAT may protect hepatocytes against HIRI by inhibiting activation of mitophagy and improving the structure and function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- Morphology Lab, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shuna Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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20
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Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial dysfunction for the initiation of apoptotic cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells by a cyclic dipeptide Cyclo(-Pro-Tyr). Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3347-3359. [PMID: 32248385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides are increasingly gaining importance as considering its significant biological and pharmacological activities. This study was aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of a dipeptide Cyclo(-Pro-Tyr) (DP) identified from marine sponge Callyspongia fistularis symbiont Bacillus pumilus AMK1 and the underlying apoptotic mechanisms in the liver cancer HepG2 cell lines. MTT assay was done to demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of DP in HepG2 cells and mouse Fibroblast McCoy cells. Initially, apoptosis inducing activity of DP was identified using propidium iodide (PI) and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining, then it was confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting analysis of apoptosis related markers Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Rhodamine 123 staining was performed to observe DP effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DCFH-DA (Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate) staining was done to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The MTT results revealed that DP initiated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, but no significant toxicity in mouse Fibroblast McCoy cells treated with DP at the specified concentrations. DP induced apoptosis, which is confirmed by the appearance of apoptotic bodies with PI and AO/EB dual staining, and DNA fragmentation. DP significantly elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), enhanced cytochrome c release from mitochondria, increased caspase-3 activation, the cleavage of PARP and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Besides this, DP successfully inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and increased PTEN expression. These results suggested DP might have anti-cancer effect by initiating apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and downregulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HepG2 cells with no toxicity effect on normal fibroblast cells. Therefore, DP may be developed as a potential alternative therapeutic agent for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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21
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Mangano K, Lanteri R, Basile MS, Bellavia N, Latino R, Messina D, Fagone P, Colletti G, Nania R, Caltabiano R, Di Marco R, Di Cataldo A. Effects of GIT-27NO, a NO-donating compound, on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 33:2058738419862736. [PMID: 31298048 PMCID: PMC6628530 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419862736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a clinical condition that may lead
to cellular injury and organ dysfunction that can be observed in different
conditions, such as trauma, shock, liver resection, and transplantation.
Moderate levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelial isoform of the
NO synthase protect against liver IRI. GIT-27NO is a NO-derivative of the
toll-like receptor 4 antagonist VGX-1027 that has been shown to possess both
antineoplastic and immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. In this
study, we have investigated the effects of this compound in vitro, in a model of
oxidative stress induced in HepG2 cells by hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), and in vivo, in a rat model of IRI of the
liver. GIT-27NO significantly counteracted the toxic effects induced by the
H2O2 on the HepG2 cells and in vivo, GIT-27NO reduced
the transaminase levels and the histological liver injury by reducing necrotic
areas with preservation of viable tissue. These effects were almost similar to
that of the positive control drug dimethyl fumarate. These data suggest that the
beneficial effect of GIT-27NO in the hepatic IRI can be secondary to
anti-oxidative effects and hepatocyte necrosis reduction probably mediated by NO
release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Mangano
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lanteri
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Noemi Bellavia
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Latino
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Messina
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colletti
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nania
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- 3 Department of Surgical Sciences, Organ Transplantation and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- 4 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Cataldo
- 2 Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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22
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Yang Q, Luo C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cacciamani P, Shi J, Cui Y, Wang C, Sinha B, Peng B, Tong G, Das G, Shah E, Gao Y, Li W, Tu Y, Qian D, Shah K, Akbar M, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Tartary buckwheat extract alleviates alcohol-induced acute and chronic liver injuries through the inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondrial cell death pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:70-89. [PMID: 32051738 PMCID: PMC7013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an enormous public health problem that poses significant social, medical, and economic burdens. Under AUD, the liver is one of the most adversely affected organs. As current therapies and protective drugs for AUD-mediated liver injury are very limited, the prevention and therapy of alcoholic liver disease are urgently needed. The present study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of tartary buckwheat extract (TBE), the important component of Maopu tartary buckwheat liquor, on both alcoholic-induced acute and chronic liver injuries. We show that the TBE administration, similar to curcumin, significantly reduces the elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, improves liver index, alleviates the elevated contents of hepatic malondialdehye, and restores the decreased contents of hepatic glutathione both in acute and chronic liver injuries in alcohol-exposed rats. Furthermore, histopathological analyses show that a medium dose of TBE (16.70 ml/kg body weight) alleviates hepatocyte morphology changes in both acute and chronic alcohol exposure models. We also show the protective effects of TBE on the cell death rates of alcohol-exposed primary cultured hepatocytes, HepG2 hepatoma, and Huh 7 hepatoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TBE exerts hepatoprotection partly through inhibiting the mitochondrial cell death pathway by reducing cytochrome c release, caspase-9 and -3 activities, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells. These effects of TBE were accompanied by enhanced levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and autophagic cell death pathway by reducing Beclin-1 expression, as well as through promoting its anti-oxidant capacity by suppressing reactive oxygen species production. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the protective effect of TBE against alcohol-induced acute and chronic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. Given the dietary nature of tartary buckwheat, pueraria, lycium barbarum, and hawthorn, the oral intake of TBE or liquor contained TBE, e.g., Maopu Tartary buckwheat liquor, compared with pure liquor consumption alone, may have the potential to alleviate alcoholic-induced liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jiao Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Yongchun Cui
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Chunling Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Peng
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Guoqiang Tong
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research InstituteDaye, Hubei, China
| | - Gapika Das
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Elisha Shah
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Dongyang Qian
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthRockville, MD, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthRockville, MD, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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23
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Khan A, Shin MS, Jee SH, Park YH. Global metabolomics analysis of serum from humans at risk of thrombotic stroke. Analyst 2020; 145:1695-1705. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the serum concentrations of altered compounds to understand the changes in metabolism and pathophysiology that occur prior to thrombotic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Korea University College of Pharmacy
- Sejong 30019
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- School of Global Sport Studies
- Korea University
- Sejong 30019
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion
- Graduate School of Public Health
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Youngja H. Park
- Metabolomics Laboratory
- Korea University College of Pharmacy
- Sejong 30019
- Republic of Korea
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24
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Imam Aliagan A, Madungwe NB, Tombo N, Feng Y, Bopassa JC. Chronic GPER1 Activation Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cardiomyoblast Death via Preservation of Mitochondrial Integrity and Deactivation of Mammalian Sterile-20-Like Kinase/Yes-Associated Protein Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579161. [PMID: 33193095 PMCID: PMC7604496 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.579161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) is well-known to induce cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We recently reported that acute application of E2 at the onset of reperfusion in vivo induces cardioprotective effects against I/R injury via activation of its non-steroidal receptor, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). Here, we investigated the impact and mechanism underlying chronic GPER1 activation in cultured H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Methods: H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were cultured and pretreated with the cytotoxic agent H2O2 for 24 h and incubated in the presence of vehicle (control), GPER1 agonists E2 and G1, or GPER1 agonists supplemented with G15 (GPER1 antagonist) for 48 or 96 h. After treatment, cells were collected to measure the rate of cell death and viability using flow cytometry and Calcein AM assay or MTT assay, respectively. The resistance to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP production was assessed using fluorescence microscopy, and the mitochondrial structural integrity was observed with electron microscopy. The levels of the phosphorylation of mammalian sterile-20-like kinase (MST1) and yes-associated protein (YAP) were assessed by Western blot analysis in whole-cell lysate, while the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes, YAP target genes, and proapoptotic genes were measured by qRT-PCR. Results: We found that after H2O2 treatment, chronic E2/G1 treatment decreased cell death effect was associated with the prevention of the S phase of the cell cycle arrest compared to control. In the mitochondria, chronic E2/G1 activation treatment preserved the cristae morphology, and increased resistance to opening of mPTP, but with little change to mitochondrial fusion/fission. Additionally, chronic E2/G1 treatment predominantly reduced phosphorylation of MST1 and YAP, as well as increased MST1 and YAP protein levels. E2 treatment also upregulated the expression levels of TGF-β and PGC-1α mRNAs and downregulated PUMA and Bim mRNAs. Except for ATP production, all the E2 or G1 effects were prevented by the cotreatment with the GPER1 antagonist, G15. Conclusion: Together, these results indicate that chronic GPER1 activation with its agonists E2 or G1 treatment protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against oxidative stress-induced cell death and increases cell viability by preserving mitochondrial structure and function as well as delaying the opening of mPTP. These chronic GPER1 effects are associated with the deactivation of the non-canonical MST1/YAP mechanism that leads to genetic upregulation of cell growth genes (CTGF, CYR61, PGC-1α, and ANKRD1), and downregulation of proapoptotic genes (PUMA and Bim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhafiz Imam Aliagan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ngonidzashe B. Madungwe
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nathalie Tombo
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yansheng Feng
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jean C. Bopassa
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25
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Wang J, Yu S, Li J, Li H, Jiang H, Xiao P, Pan Y, Zheng J, Yu L, Jiang J. Protective role of N-acetyl-l-tryptophan against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via the RIP2/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:385-391. [PMID: 31184936 PMCID: PMC6566838 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1617750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Context: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a complex process observed during liver resection and transplantation. N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (l-NAT), an antagonist of neurokinin 1 receptor, has been used for the treatment of nausea and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: This study investigates the protective effect of l-NAT against HIRI and explores the potential underlying mechanisms. Materials and methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, I/R and I/R + l-NAT. HIRI model was generated by clamping the hepatic artery, portal vein and common bile duct with a microvascular bulldog clamp for 45 min, and then removing the clamp and allowing reperfusion for 6 h. BRL cells were exposed to 200 µM H2O2 with or without 10 µM l-NAT for 6 h. Results: After l-NAT intervention, the structure of hepatic lobules was intact, and no swelling was noted in the cells. Furthermore, cell viability was found to be significantly enhanced when compared with the controls (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIP2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly increased in the I/R and H2O2 groups when compared with the controls; however, these levels were significantly decreased after l-NAT intervention. Similarly, IL-1β activity and caspase-1 activity were significantly decreased in the H2O2 group when compared with the controls, after l-NAT intervention. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that l-NAT may exert a hepatoprotective role in HIRI through inhibiting RIP2/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, which can provide evidence for l-NAT to be a potential effective drug against HIRI during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shuna Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongxin Jiang
- Morphology Laboratory of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yitong Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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26
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Córdoba-Jover B, Arce-Cerezo A, Ribera J, Pauta M, Oró D, Casals G, Fernández-Varo G, Casals E, Puntes V, Jiménez W, Morales-Ruiz M. Cerium oxide nanoparticles improve liver regeneration after acetaminophen-induced liver injury and partial hepatectomy in rats. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:112. [PMID: 31672158 PMCID: PMC6822381 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Cerium oxide nanoparticles are effective scavengers of reactive oxygen species and have been proposed as a treatment for oxidative stress-related diseases. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the effect of these nanoparticles on hepatic regeneration after liver injury by partial hepatectomy and acetaminophen overdose. Methods All the in vitro experiments were performed in HepG2 cells. For the acetaminophen and partial hepatectomy experimental models, male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) nanoparticles group, which received 0.1 mg/kg cerium nanoparticles i.v. twice a week for 2 weeks before 1 g/kg acetaminophen treatment, (2) N-acetyl-cysteine group, which received 300 mg/kg of N-acetyl-cysteine i.p. 1 h after APAP treatment and (3) partial hepatectomy group, which received the same nanoparticles treatment before partial hepatectomy. Each group was matched with vehicle-controlled rats. Results In the partial hepatectomy model, rats treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles showed a significant increase in liver regeneration, compared with control rats. In the acetaminophen experimental model, nanoparticles and N-acetyl-cysteine treatments decreased early liver damage in hepatic tissue. However, only the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles was associated with a significant increment in hepatocellular proliferation. This treatment also reduced stress markers and increased cell cycle progression in hepatocytes and the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the nanomaterial cerium oxide, besides their known antioxidant capacities, can enhance hepatocellular proliferation in experimental models of liver regeneration and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Córdoba-Jover
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Altamira Arce-Cerezo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Pauta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Oró
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease-SEQC-ML, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eudald Casals
- Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China
| | - Victor Puntes
- Vall d'Hebron Institut of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, 170 Villarroel St., 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Working Group for the Biochemical Assessment of Hepatic Disease-SEQC-ML, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Liu H, Jiang Y, Guan H, Li F, Sun-Waterhouse D, Chen Y, Li D. Enhancing the antioxidative effects of foods containing rutin and α-amino acids via the Maillard reaction: A model study focusing on rutin-lysine system. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13086. [PMID: 31646664 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rutin is a bioflavonoid found in many plants and derived foods, accordingly, rutin likely interacts with α-amino acids such as Lys, Ile, His or Glu to give Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The heated rutin-Lys system exhibited highest brown intensity and in vitro antioxidant activities. The 30-50 kDa rutin-Lys fraction had higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the other fractions, and at a dose of 0.4 mg/ml preserved over 90% cell viability for HepG2 cells exposed to H2 O2 . The dose-dependent protective effects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress of the rutin-Lys MRPs may involve the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation, enhancement of the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, along with the activation of the Nrf2-dependent pathway and upregulation of phase II antioxidant genes (including NQO1, HO-1, GCLG, and GCLM). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Rutin is widely distributed in vegetables and grains. The Maillard reaction is a common reaction occurring during food processing, and produces Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with distinct processing and biological properties. This study shows that a 30-min thermal treatment at 120°C generates antioxidative MRPs in the rutin-Lys, rutin-His, rutin-Ile and rutin-Glu model systems, which can directly inhibit reactive oxygen species generation and enhance SOD and CAT activities while activating the Nrf2-dependent pathway and upregulating the expression of phase II detoxifying antioxidant genes. Therefore, for food systems containing phenolic antioxidants and proteins (such as rutin and Lys), one may enhance the antioxidant properties of these food systems through a 30-min thermal treatment at 120°C. Also, the resultant rutin-Lys MRPs may be isolated and used as commercial preparations of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yilun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, P.R. China
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28
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Prevents H 2O 2-Induced BRL-3A Cell Oxidative Damage through Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathways rather than MAPK Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2985956. [PMID: 31182991 PMCID: PMC6512062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2985956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a popular dietary supplement that has well-known benefits in animals and humans, but there is not enough information about the mechanisms underlying its effects. The present study aimed at investigating these mechanisms through in vitro experiments on the effects of DHEA on rat liver BRL-3A cells exposed to oxidative stress through H2O2. The findings showed that DHEA increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased ROS generation, and inhibited apoptosis in H2O2-treated cells. These effects of DHEA were not observed when the cells were pretreated with known antagonists of sex hormones (Trilostane, Flutamide, or Fulvestrant). Furthermore, treatment with estradiol and testosterone did not have the same protective effects as DHEA. Thus, the beneficial effects of DHEA were associated with mechanisms that were independent of steroid hormone pathways. With regard to the mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic effect of DHEA, pretreatment with DHEA was found to induce a significant decrease in the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 and a significant increase in the protein expression of PI3K and p-Akt in H2O2-treated BRL-3A cells. These effects of DHEA were abolished when the cells were pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. No changes were observed on the p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-JNK protein levels in H2O2-induced BRL-3A cells pretreated with DHEA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DHEA protects BRL-3A cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through mechanisms that do not involve its biotransformation into steroid hormones or the activation of sex hormone receptors. Importantly, the protective effect of DHEA on BRL-3A cells was mainly associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, rather than MAPK signaling pathways.
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29
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Venkatesan T, Choi YW, Kim YK. Effect of an extraction solvent on the antioxidant quality of Pinus densiflora needle extract. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:193-200. [PMID: 31297297 PMCID: PMC6598446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus densiflora needle extract (PDNE) is widely reported to have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant potential. However, the solvent system used for extraction greatly affects its antioxidant quality. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the effect of a different ratio (vol/vol) of ethanol to water (0–100%) in the extraction of PDNE with potent antioxidant capacity. The chemical assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of PDNE. Subsequently, the cytoprotective effect of PDNE was determined using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-challenged HepG2 cellular model. The needle extracts from 40% ethanol (PDNE-40) showed greater radical scavenging activity followed by 60%, 20%, 80%, 0% and 100% ethanol extracts. EC50 value of the most active extract, PDNE-40, was 8.56 ± 0.51 μg/mL, relative to 1.34 ± 0.28 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for ABTS radical), and 75.96 ± 11.60 μg/mL, relative to 4.83 ± 0.26 μg/mL of the standard trolox (for DPPH radical). Either PDNE-20 or PDNE-40 pretreatment remarkably decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in TBHP-challenged HepG2 cells. In addition, both PDNE-20 and PDNE-40 significantly reversed the decreased ratio of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Moreover, these two extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on TBHP-induced nuclear damage and loss of cell viability. In summary, the inclusion of 40% ethanol in water for extraction of Pinus densiflora needle greatly increases the antioxidant quality of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamizhiniyan Venkatesan
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Young-Woong Choi
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyoon Kim
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, 861-1 Chongnung-dong, Songbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-702, South Korea
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30
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Murthi P, Vaillancourt C. RETRACTED: Placental serotonin systems in pregnancy metabolic complications associated with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165391. [PMID: 30738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
The publication was retracted by request of the authors following an investigation by Monash University performed following its Procedures for Investigating Code Breaches and in accordance with the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.
The University concluded on the balance of probability that a significant part of the text in the paper was included without knowledge, without consent and without correct attribution of the original author who, at the time, was a student at the University. The results discussed in the review article are still scientifically valid.
☆
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec and Biomed Research Center, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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31
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Luo C, Yang Q, Liu Y, Zhou S, Jiang J, Reiter RJ, Bhattacharya P, Cui Y, Yang H, Ma H, Yao J, Lawler SE, Zhang X, Fu J, Rozental R, Aly H, Johnson MD, Chiocca EA, Wang X. The multiple protective roles and molecular mechanisms of melatonin and its precursor N-acetylserotonin in targeting brain injury and liver damage and in maintaining bone health. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:215-233. [PMID: 30315933 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep and wakefulness and is mainly produced by the pineal gland. Numerous physiological functions of melatonin have been demonstrated including anti-inflammation, suppressing neoplastic growth, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity as well as its role in regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others. In this review, we summarize the recent advances related to the multiple protective roles of melatonin receptor agonists, melatonin and N-acetylserotonin (NAS), in brain injury, liver damage, and bone health. Brain injury, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and newborn perinatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, is a major cause of mortality and disability. Liver disease causes serious public health problems and various factors including alcohol, chemical pollutants, and drugs induce hepatic damage. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans. Due in part to an aging population, both the cost of care of fracture patients and the annual fracture rate have increased steadily. Despite the discrepancy in the pathophysiological processes of these disorders, time frames and severity, they may share several common molecular mechanisms. Oxidative stress is considered to be a critical factor in these pathogeneses. We update the current state of knowledge related to the molecular processes, mainly including anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and anti-inflammation as well as other properties of melatonin and NAS. Particularly, the abilities of melatonin and NAS to directly scavenge oxygen-centered radicals and toxic reactive oxygen species, and indirectly act through antioxidant enzymes are disscussed. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences in the protection provided by melatonin and/or NAS in brain, liver and bone damage. We analyze the involvement of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), melatonin receptor 1B (MT2), and melatonin receptor 1C (MT3) in the protection of melatonin and/or NAS. Additionally, we evaluate their potential clinical applications. The multiple mechanisms of action and multiple organ-targeted properties of melatonin and NAS may contribute to development of promising therapies for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Yongchun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - He Ma
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiemin Yao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Renato Rozental
- Lab Neuroproteção & Estratégias Regenerativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hany Aly
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Acetophenone benzoylhydrazones as antioxidant agents: Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and structure-activity relationship studies. Food Chem 2018; 268:292-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Houghton MJ, Kerimi A, Tumova S, Boyle JP, Williamson G. Quercetin preserves redox status and stimulates mitochondrial function in metabolically-stressed HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:296-309. [PMID: 30266680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia augments formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with associated mitochondrial damage and increased risk of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. We examined whether quercetin could reverse chronic high glucose-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Following long-term high glucose treatment, complex I activity was significantly decreased in isolated mitochondria from HepG2 cells. Quercetin dose-dependently recovered complex I activity and lowered cellular ROS generation under both high and normal glucose conditions. Respirometry studies showed that quercetin could counteract the detrimental increase in inner mitochondrial membrane proton leakage resulting from high glucose while it increased oxidative respiration, despite a decrease in electron transfer system (ETS) capacity, and lower non-ETS oxygen consumption. A quercetin-stimulated increase in cellular NAD+/NADH was evident within 2 h and a two-fold increase in PGC-1α mRNA within 6 h, in both normal and high glucose conditions. A similar pattern was also found for the mRNA expression of the repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMB) and its long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RGMB-AS1 with quercetin, indicating a potential change of the glycolytic phenotype and suppression of aberrant cellular growth which is characteristic of the HepG2 cells. Direct effects of quercetin on PGC-1α activity were minimal, as quercetin only weakly enhanced PGC-1α binding to PPARα in vitro at higher concentrations. Our results suggest that quercetin may protect mitochondrial function from high glucose-induced stress by increasing cellular NAD+/NADH and activation of PGC-1α-mediated pathways. Lower ROS in combination with improved complex I activity and ETS coupling efficiency under conditions of amplified oxidative stress could reinforce mitochondrial integrity and improve redox status, beneficial in certain metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Houghton
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - John P Boyle
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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S-Allyl Cysteine Alleviates Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Injury and Apoptosis through Upregulation of Akt/Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HepG2 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3169431. [PMID: 30515391 PMCID: PMC6236807 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3169431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated oxidative stress leading to hepatocyte apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of several chronic liver diseases. This study demonstrates that S-allyl cysteine (SAC) renders cytoprotective effects on H2O2 induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Cell viability assay showed that SAC protected HepG2 cells from H2O2 induced cytotoxicity. Further, SAC treatment dose dependently inhibited H2O2 induced apoptosis via decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and inhibiting proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3. SAC protected cells from H2O2 induced oxidative damage by inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic and antioxidative role of SAC is the induction of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene in an NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and Akt dependent manner. Specifically SAC was found to induce the phosphorylation of Akt and enhance the nuclear localization of Nrf-2 in cells. Our results were further confirmed by specific HO-1 gene knockdown studies which clearly demonstrated that HO-1 induction indeed played a key role in SAC mediated inhibition of apoptosis and ROS production in HepG2 cells, thus suggesting a hepatoprotective role of SAC in combating oxidative stress mediated liver diseases.
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35
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Preparation, characterization of polysaccharides fractions from Inonotus obliquus and their effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase activity and H2O2-induced oxidative damage in hepatic L02 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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36
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Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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37
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Siddiqui MA, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Steroidal Glycosides From Dioscorea villosa on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:797. [PMID: 30083104 PMCID: PMC6065280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea villosa, commonly known as "Wild Yam" and native to North America, is well documented for its pharmacological properties due to the presence of steroidal glycosides. However, the hepatoprotective potential of these compounds has not been studied so far. The present investigation was aimed to study the hepatoprotective effect of the steroidal glycosides from D. villosa against H2O2, a known hepatotoxin, in human liver cell line (HepG2). Cytotoxicity assessment was carried out in cells exposed to various concentrations (10-50 μM) of compounds for 24 h using MTT assay and morphological changes. All tested compounds were known and among them, spirostans (zingiberensis saponin I, dioscin, deltonin and progenin III) were found to be cytotoxic whereas, furostans (huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin) were non-cytotoxic. Further, HepG2 cells were pretreated with biologically safe concentrations (10, 30, and 50 μM) of non-cytotoxic compounds and then cytotoxic (0.25 mM) concentration of H2O2. After 24 h, cell viability was assessed by MTT and NRU assays, while morphological changes were observed under the microscope. The results showed that treatment of HepG2 cells with compounds prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin at 50 μM increased GSH level and decreased intracellular ROS generation against H2O2-induced damages. The results from this study revealed that compounds isolated from D. villosa have hepatoprotective potential against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation and could be promising as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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38
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Effects of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus and its chromium (III) complex on advanced glycation end-products formation, α-amylase, α-glucosidase activity and H2O2-induced oxidative damage in hepatic L02 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:335-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030530. [PMID: 29495460 PMCID: PMC6017920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin's free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.
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40
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Cheng S, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Xiang W, Yao H, Ma L. Influence of different concentrations of uric acid on oxidative stress in steatosis hepatocytes. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3659-3665. [PMID: 29545896 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the steatosis of hepatocytes, which induces oxidative stress (OS). Thus, OS has an important role in the development of NAFLD. In the present study, the L-02 hepatocyte cell line was used to develop a steatosis cell model. The best model was determined using an MTT assay and the triglyceride levels. Model cells were treated with high concentrations of uric acid (UA; 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/dl) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Indicators of oxidation were then measured, which included total superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and the transcriptional and translational levels of SOD1 and γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCLC) were also determined. In addition, the intracellular levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were detected. The activity of SOD1 decreased over time and the result was supported by the results of western blotting. The transcriptional levels of SOD1 in model cells was significantly higher than untreated cells at 48 h. With the decreased levels of SOD1 and GSH, MDA increased in a time-dependent manner. The content of GSH decreased with time as well, which was also reflected in the results of western blotting. The transcriptional levels of γ-GCLC in all UA-treated groups were lower when compared with those observed in the model group. The activity of ALT tended to increase, depending on the duration of treatment. Treatment with 5 and 10 mg/dl UA had an antioxidative effect on the model cells, and 30 mg/dl UA treatment for 48 h increased OS in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Child Healthcare, People's Hospital (Children's Hospital) North Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yao
- Health Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Kaempferol-3-O-α-l-Arabinopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-Rhamnopyranoside on d-Galactosamine and Lipopolysaccharide Caused Hepatic Failure in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101755. [PMID: 29057809 PMCID: PMC6151520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), associated with high mortality, is characterized by extensive death of hepatocytes and hepatic dysfunction. There is no effective treatment for FHF. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids can protect the liver from different factor-induced injury. Previously, we found that the extracts of Elaeagnus mollis leaves had favorable protective effects on acute liver injury. However, the role and mechanisms behind that was elusive. This study examined the hepatoprotective mechanisms of kaempferol-3-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyra-noside (KAR), a major flavonol glycoside of E. mollis, against d-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic failure. KAR reduces the mouse mortality, protects the normal liver structure, inhibits the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alamine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and decreases the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, KAR inhibits the apoptosis of hepatocytes and reduces the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins induced by GalN/LPS treatment. These findings suggest that the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of KAR on GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury were performed through down-regulating the activity of the TLR4 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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42
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Pérez-González A, Galano A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Radical-trapping and preventive antioxidant effects of 2-hydroxymelatonin and 4-hydroxymelatonin: Contributions to the melatonin protection against oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2206-2217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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An analytical strategy to investigate Semen Strychni nephrotoxicity based on simultaneous HILIC-ESI-MS/MS detection of Semen Strychni alkaloids, tyrosine and tyramine in HEK 293t cell lysates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:157-165. [PMID: 27561182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A Previous metabolomics study has demonstrated that tyrosine metabolism might be disrupted by treating with Semen Strychni on the cell nephrotoxicity model. To investigate the relationship between Semen Strychni alkaloids (SAs) and endogenous tyrosine, tyramine under the nephrotoxicity condition, an HILIC-ESI-MS/MS based analytical strategy was applied in this study. Based on the established Semen Strychni nephrotoxicity cell model, strychnine and brucine were identified and screened as the main SAs by an HPLC-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass system. Then, a sensitive HILIC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously monitor strychnine, brucine, tyrosine and tyramine in cell lysate. The analytes were separated by a Shiseido CAPCELL CORE PC (150mm×2.1mm, 2.7μm) HILIC column in an acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid gradient system. All the calibration curves were linear with regression coefficients above 0.9924. The absolute recoveries were more than 80.5% and the matrix effects were between 91.6%-107.0%. With the developed method, analytes were successfully determined in cell lysates. Decreased levels of tyrosine and tyramine were observed only in combination with increased levels of SAs, indicating that the disturbance of tyrosine metabolism might be induced by the accumulation of SAs in kidney cell after exposure of Semen Strychni. The HILIC-ESI-MS/MS based analytical strategy is a useful tool to reveal the relationships between the toxic herb components and the endogenous metabolite profiling in the toxicity investigation of herb medicines.
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45
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Carrola J, Bastos V, Jarak I, Oliveira-Silva R, Malheiro E, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Oliveira H, Santos C, Gil AM, Duarte IF. Metabolomics of silver nanoparticles toxicity in HaCaT cells: structure-activity relationships and role of ionic silver and oxidative stress. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1105-17. [PMID: 27144425 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1177744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is accompanied by a growing concern regarding their potential risks to human health, thus calling for an increased understanding of their biological effects. The aim of this work was to systematically study the extent to which changes in cellular metabolism were dependent on the properties of AgNPs, using NMR metabolomics. Human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were exposed to citrate-coated AgNPs of 10, 30 or 60 nm diameter and to 30 nm AgNPs coated either with citrate (CIT), polyethylene glycol (PEG) or bovine serum albumin (BSA), to assess the influence of NP size and surface chemistry. Overall, CIT-coated 60 nm and PEG-coated 30 nm AgNPs had the least impact on cell viability and metabolism. The role of ionic silver and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated effects was also studied, in comparison to CIT-coated 30 nm particles. At concentrations causing an equivalent decrease in cell viability, Ag(+ )ions produced a change in the metabolic profile that was remarkably similar to that seen for AgNPs, the main difference being the lesser impact on the Krebs cycle and energy metabolism. Finally, this study newly reported that while down-regulated glycolysis and disruption of energy production were common to AgNPs and H2O2, the impact on some metabolic pathways (GSH synthesis, glutaminolysis and the Krebs cycle) was independent of ROS-mediated mechanisms. In conclusion, this study shows the ability of NMR metabolomics to define subtle biochemical changes induced by AgNPs and demonstrates the potential of this approach for rapid, untargeted screening of pre-clinical toxicity of nanomaterials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carrola
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Verónica Bastos
- b CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal , and
| | - Ivana Jarak
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rui Oliveira-Silva
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Eliana Malheiro
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Ana L Daniel-da-Silva
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- b CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal , and
| | - Conceição Santos
- b CESAM & Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal , and.,c Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- a CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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Feng C, Luo T, Zhang S, Liu K, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Ge P. Lycopene protects human SH‑SY5Y neuroblastoma cells against hydrogen peroxide‑induced death via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondria‑associated apoptotic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4205-14. [PMID: 27035331 PMCID: PMC4838073 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which is characterized by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a common pathway that results in neuronal injury or death due to various types of pathological stress. Although lycopene has been identified as a potent antioxidant, its effect on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal damage remains unclear. In the present study, pretreatment with lycopene was observed to protect SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells against H2O2-induced death via inhibition of apoptosis resulting from activation of caspase-3 and translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) to the nucleus. Furthermore, the over-produced ROS, as well as the reduced activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, were demonstrated to be alleviated by lycopene. Additionally, lycopene counteracted H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which was evidenced by suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, attenuation of the decline of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of the increase of Bax and decrease of Bcl-2 levels within the mitochondria. The release of cytochrome c and AIF from the mitochondria was also reduced. These results indicate that lycopene is a potent neuroprotectant against apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and could be administered to prevent neuronal injury or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tianfei Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Emergent Medicine, People's Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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MA ZHONGYING, LI CAIXIA, QIAO YI, LU CHENGTAO, LI JIANKANG, SONG WEI, SUN JIN, ZHAI XIAOHU, NIU JING, REN QIAN, WEN AIDONG. Safflower yellow B suppresses HepG2 cell injury induced by oxidative stress through the AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:603-12. [PMID: 26821334 PMCID: PMC4771122 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Safflower yellow B (SYB) has been reported to protect the brain against damage induced by oxidative stress; however, whether SYB can also protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress remains unknown. In the present study, to determine whether pre-treatment with SYB reduces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, we investigated H2O2-induced oxidative damage to HepG2 cells treated with or without SYB. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined using respective kits. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the HepG2 cells was monitored using the fluorescent marker, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA). Cell apoptosis was evaluated by determining the activity of caspase-3 and by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Protein expression levels were measured by western blot analysis, and the levels of related cellular kinases were also determined. H2O2 induced pronounced injury to the HepG2 cells, as evidenced by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS, the decreased activity of SOD and GSH-Px, the increased activitation of caspase-3 and cell apoptosis, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. SYB significantly inhibited the damaging effects of H2O2, indicating that it protected the cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, pre-treatment with SYB increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) which are peroxiredoxins. SYB also significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT. However, this inductive effect was blunted in the presence of the AKT inhibitor, LY294002. The findings of our study suggest that the activation of the AKT/Nrf2 pathway is involved in the cytoprotective effects of SYB against oxidative stress. Our findings provide new insight into the cytoprotective effects of SYB and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Thus, SYB may prove to be of therapeutic value for the treatment of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - CHENGTAO LU
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - JIANKANG LI
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - WEI SONG
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - JIN SUN
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - XIAOHU ZHAI
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - JING NIU
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - QIAN REN
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - AIDONG WEN
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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48
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Wang T, Takikawa Y. Carnosic acid protects normal mouse hepatocytes against H2 O2 -induced cytotoxicity via sirtuin 1-mediated signaling. Hepatol Res 2016. [PMID: 26223904 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Carnosic acid (CA) is well known for its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CA on cytotoxicity under oxidative stress. METHODS Primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells were treated with: (i) 0.1 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM CA; (ii) 3 mM H2 O2 with or without 1 μM CA; or (iii) 3 mM H2 O2 with 1 μM CA and 0.04 μM sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527 or 10 μM mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126. Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage were determined. In addition, total protein levels of cleaved caspase 3, SIRT1, phosphorylated Nrf2, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and MAPKs were evaluated by western blot analysis and suspension array system. RESULTS First, although 10 μM CA produced cytotoxicity, CA at concentrations at or below 1 μM did not inhibit cell viability. Second, H2 O2 increased total cellular ROS and LDH leakage and decreased cell viability, whereas co-treatment with H2 O2 and 1 μM CA significantly inhibited these effects of H2 O2 . Third, CA at 1 μM increased protein levels of SIRT1. Pretreatment with EX527 or transfection of siRNA-targeting SIRT1 weakened the protective effects of CA against H2 O2 -induced cell death. Fourth, H2 O2 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in primary hepatocytes. U0126 inhibited oxidative damage induced by H2 O2 . Co-treatment with CA inhibited ERK1/2 activation induced by H2 O2 . CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CA protects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity via SIRT1 by regulating subsequent downstream factors such as ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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49
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Zhao H, Ma T, Fan B, Yang L, Han C, Luo J, Kong L. Protective effect of trans-δ-viniferin against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the SIRT1 pathway. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:68-83. [PMID: 26483208 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Trans-δ-viniferin (TVN), a polyphenolic compound, has recently attracted much attention as an antioxidant exhibiting a hypoglycemic potential. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the protective effect of TVN against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the potential mechanism involved. We found that TVN attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased catalase (CAT) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels to ameliorate cell survival induced by 35 mM glucose. Meanwhile, it inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis by maintaining Ca(2+) and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels. The immunoblot analysis indicated that TVN efficiently regulated the cleavage of caspase family, p53, Bax and Bcl-2, all mediated by SIRT1. Furthermore, the increased level of SIRT1 induced by TVN was inhibited by nicotinamide and siRNA-medicated SIRT1 silencing (si-SIRT1), thereby confirming the significant role of SIRT1 in these events. In conclusion, our results indicated that TVN efficiently reduced oxidative stress and maintained mitochondrial function related with activating SIRT1 in high glucose-treated HUVECs. It suggested that TVN is pharmacologically promising for treating diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhao
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ting Ma
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Boyi Fan
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lei Yang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chao Han
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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50
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Mehmood A, Ali M, Khan SN, Riazuddin S. Diazoxide preconditioning of endothelial progenitor cells improves their ability to repair the infarcted myocardium. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1251-63. [PMID: 26032287 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azra Mehmood
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology; 87-West Canal Bank Road; University of Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology; 87-West Canal Bank Road; University of Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shaheen N. Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology; 87-West Canal Bank Road; University of Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology; 87-West Canal Bank Road; University of Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College; University of Health Sciences; Lahore Pakistan
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