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Maujean T, Ramanoudjame SM, Riché S, Le Guen C, Boisson F, Muller S, Bonnet D, Gulea M, Marchand P. Hetero-Diels-Alder and CuAAC Click Reactions for Fluorine-18 Labeling of Peptides: Automation and Comparative Study of the Two Methods. Molecules 2024; 29:3198. [PMID: 38999148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled peptides are valuable tools for diagnosis or therapies; they are often radiofluorinated using an indirect approach based on an F-18 prosthetic group. Herein, we are reporting our results on the F-18 radiolabeling of three peptides using two different methods based on click reactions. The first one used the well-known CuAAC reaction, and the second one is based on our recently reported hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) using a dithioesters (thia-Diels-Alder) reaction. Both methods have been automated, and the 18F-peptides were obtained in similar yields and synthesis time (37-39% decay corrected yields by both methods in 120-140 min). However, to obtain similar yields, the CuAAC needs a large amount of copper along with many additives, while the HDA is a catalyst and metal-free reaction necessitating only an appropriate ratio of water/ethanol. The HDA can therefore be considered as a minimalist method offering easy access to fluorine-18 labeled peptides and making it a valuable additional tool for the indirect and site-specific labeling of peptides or biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothé Maujean
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sridévi M Ramanoudjame
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Riché
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clothilde Le Guen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Inovarion, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Boisson
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire UMR 7242, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT UMR 7200, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Marchand
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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2
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Lamba M, Singh PR, Bandyopadhyay A, Goswami A. Synthetic 18F labeled biomolecules that are selective and promising for PET imaging: major advances and applications. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1899-1920. [PMID: 38911154 PMCID: PMC11187557 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of positron emission tomography (PET) based imaging was developed more than 40 years ago. It has been a widely adopted technique for detecting and staging numerous diseases in clinical settings, particularly cancer, neuro- and cardio-diseases. Here, we reviewed the evolution of PET and its advantages over other imaging modalities in clinical settings. Primarily, this review discusses recent advances in the synthesis of 18F radiolabeled biomolecules in light of the widely accepted performance for effective PET. The discussion particularly emphasizes the 18F-labeling chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, oligonucleotides, peptides, and protein molecules, which have shown promise for PET imaging in recent decades. In addition, we have deliberated on how 18F-labeled biomolecules enable the detection of metabolic changes at the cellular level and the selective imaging of gross anatomical localization via PET imaging. In the end, the review discusses the future perspective of PET imaging to control disease in clinical settings. We firmly believe that collaborative multidisciplinary research will further widen the comprehensive applications of PET approaches in the clinical management of cancer and other pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Lamba
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Prasoon Raj Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Anupam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
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3
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Abreu Diaz AM, Rodriguez Riera Z, Lee Y, Esteves LM, Normandeau CO, Fezas B, Hernandez Saiz A, Tournoux F, Juneau D, DaSilva JN. [ 18 F]Fluoropyridine-losartan: A new approach toward human Positron Emission Tomography imaging of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:73-85. [PMID: 36656923 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1 R) blocker losartan is used in patients with renal and cardiovascular diseases. [18 F]fluoropyridine-losartan has shown favorable binding profile for quantitative renal PET imaging of AT1 R with selective binding in rats and pigs, low interference of radiometabolites and appropriate dosimetry for clinical translation. A new approach was developed to produce [18 F]fluoropyridine-losartan in very high molar activity. Automated radiosynthesis was performed in a three-step, two-pot, and two-HPLC-purification procedure within 2 h. Pure [18 F]FPyKYNE was obtained by radiofluorination of NO2 PyKYNE and silica-gel-HPLC purification (40 ± 9%), preventing the formation of nitropyridine-losartan in the second step. Conjugation with trityl-losartan azide via click chemistry, followed by acid hydrolysis, C18-HPLC purification and reformulation provided [18 F]fluoropyridine-losartan in 11 ± 2% (decay-corrected from [18 F]fluoride, EOB). Using tris[(1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]-amine (THPTA) as a Cu(I)-stabilizing agent for coupling [18 F]FPyKYNE to the unprotected losartan azide afforded [18 F]fluoropyridine-losartan in similar yields (11 ± 3%, decay-corrected from [18 F]fluoride, EOB). Reverse-phase HPLC was optimized by reducing the pH of the mobile phase to achieve complete purification and high molar activities (467 ± 60 GBq/μmol). The use of radioprotectants prevented tracer radiolysis for 10 h (RCP > 99%). The product passed the quality control testing. This reproducible automated radiosynthesis process will allow in vivo PET imaging of AT1 R expression in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mary Abreu Diaz
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departamento de Radioquímica, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Zalua Rodriguez Riera
- Departamento de Radioquímica, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de la Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanick Lee
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Luis Miguel Esteves
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- CRCHUM site, Isologic Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals, Lachine, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Baptiste Fezas
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - François Tournoux
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre cardiovasculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Juneau
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Médecine nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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5
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Konken CP, Heßling K, Thale I, Schelhaas S, Dabel J, Maskri S, Bulk E, Budde T, Koch O, Schwab A, Schäfers M, Wünsch B. Imaging of the calcium activated potassium channel 3.1 (K Ca 3.1) in vivo using a senicapoc-derived positron emission tomography tracer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200388. [PMID: 36161669 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa 3.1) is overexpressed in many tumor entities and has predictive power concerning disease progression and outcome. Imaging of the KCa 3.1 channel in vivo using a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) could therefore establish a potentially powerful diagnostic tool. Senicapoc shows high affinity and excellent selectivity toward the KCa 3.1 channel. We have successfully pursued the synthesis of the 18 F-labeled derivative [18 F]3 of senicapoc using the prosthetic group approach with 1-azido-2-[18 F]fluoroethane ([18 F]6) in a "click" reaction. The biological activity of the new PET tracer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of the KCa 3.1 channel by 3 was demonstrated by patch clamp experiments and the binding pose was analyzed by docking studies. In mouse and human serum, [18 F]3 was stable for at least one half-life of [18 F]fluorine. Biodistribution experiments in wild-type mice were promising, showing rapid and predominantly renal excretion. An in vivo study using A549-based tumor-bearing mice was performed. The tumor signal could be delineated and image analysis showed a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 1.47 ± 0.24. The approach using 1-azido-2-[18 F]fluoroethane seems to be a good general strategy to achieve triarylacetamide-based fluorinated PET tracers for imaging of the KCa 3.1 channel in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Konken
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heßling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Insa Thale
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dabel
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sarah Maskri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute for Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute for Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany.,GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
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6
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Reissig F, Mamat C. Strained Ammonium Precursors for Radiofluorinations. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200039. [PMID: 35736542 PMCID: PMC9220932 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of novel and versatile techniques to introduce fluorine‐18, especially for the radiolabelling of biologically or pharmacologically active molecules. Taking into consideration that the introduction of fluorine‐18 (t1/2=109.8 min) mostly proceeds under harsh conditions, radiolabelling of such molecules represents a challenge and is of enormous interest. Ideally, it should proceed in a regioselective manner under mild physiological conditions, in an acceptable time span, with high yields and high specific activities. Special attention has been drawn to 2‐fluoroethyl and 3‐fluoropropyl groups, which are often the active sites of radiofluorinated compounds. Precursors containing an ammonium leaving group – such as a strained azetidinium or aziridinium moiety – can help to overcome these obstacles leading to a convenient and mild introduction of [18F]fluoride with high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Wang T, Lin Q, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Shi D, Cheng Y, Fu Z, Tan H, Cheng D, Shi H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel PET tracers [ 18F]AG120 & [ 18F]AG135 for imaging mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 expression. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116525. [PMID: 34871844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are commonly found in various human malignancies. Inhibitors of several mutant IDH1 enzymes have entered clinical trials as target therapeutic drugs for the treatment of patients with IDH1 mutations. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of two 18F-labeled tracers, [18F]AG120 and [18F]AG135 for imaging expression of mutated IDH1 in positron emission tomography (PET). [18F]AG120 and [18F]AG135 were synthesized in decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 1 % and 3 %, respectively, high molar activity (52-66 MBq/nmol and 216-339 MBq/nmol, respectively) and high radiochemical purity (>99%). Both tracers showed good in vitro stability, selective uptake into mutated IDH1-expressing cells and good pharmacokinetic profiles with low uptake in most organs/tissues. Furthermore, [18F]AG120 micro-PET/CT imaging displayed significantly greater uptake in IDH1-mutant than in wild-type tumors, Relatively, uptake of [18F]AG135 was observed neither in IDH1-mutant tumor xenografts nor in wild-type tumors. This study suggests that [18F]AG120 is a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of IDH1 mutation, However, further optimization and investigation are necessary for [18F]AG135 due to the limited uptake in mutated IDH1-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhequan Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongcheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Grus T, Lahnif H, Klasen B, Moon ES, Greifenstein L, Roesch F. Squaric Acid-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging and Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1223-1231. [PMID: 34170116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting vectors bound to a chelator represent a significant fraction of radiopharmaceuticals used nowadays for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in nuclear medicine. The use of squaramides as coupling units for chelator and targeting vector helps to circumvent the disadvantages of several common coupling methods. This review gives an overview of the use of squaric acid diesters (SADE) as linking agents. It focuses on the conjugation of cyclic chelators, e.g., DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), as well as hybrid chelators like AAZTA5 (6-pentanoic acid-6-amino-1,4-diazepine tetracetic acid) or DATA5m (6-pentanoic acid-6-amino-1,4-diazapine-triacetate) to different targeting vectors, e.g., prostate-specific membrane antigen inhibitors (KuE; PSMAi), fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPi), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). An overview of the synthesis, radiolabeling, and in vitro and in vivo behavior of the described structures is given. The unique properties of SADE enable a fast and simple conjugation of chelators to biomolecules, peptides, and small molecules under mild conditions. Furthermore, SA-containing conjugates could not only display similar in vitro characteristics in terms of binding affinity when compared to reference compounds, but may even induce beneficial effects on the pharmacokinetic properties of these radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Grus
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanane Lahnif
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Klasen
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Euy-Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Greifenstein
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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Abreu Diaz AM, Drumeva GO, Petrenyov DR, Carrier JF, DaSilva JN. Synthesis of the Novel AT 1 Receptor Tracer [ 18F]Fluoropyridine-Candesartan via Click Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20353-20362. [PMID: 32832788 PMCID: PMC7439361 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel 7-((4-(3-((2-[18F]fluoropyridin-3-yl)oxy)propyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivative of the angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) blocker candesartan, [18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan, was synthesized via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction between 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)pyridine ([18F]FPyKYNE) and the tetrazole-protected azido-candesartan derivative, followed by acid deprotection. This three-step, two-pot, and two-step purification synthesis was done within 2 h. The use of tris[(1-hydroxypropyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine (THPTA) as a Cu(I) stabilizing agent increased the overall radiochemical yield by 4-fold (10 ± 2%, n = 13) compared to the reaction without THPTA (2.4 ± 0.2%, n = 3; decay-corrected from 18F produced at the end-of-beam). Complete separation of [18F]FPyKYNE from its nitro precursor and [18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan from the deprotected azido-candesartan allowed for high molar activities (>380 GBq/μmol) of the tracer. The use of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water for reformulation and the addition of sodium ascorbate to the final formulation (1.6 ± 0.2 GBq/mL, n = 3) prevented tracer radiolysis with >97% radiochemical purity for a period of up to 10 h after the end-of-synthesis. A significant reduction in the uptake (86 ± 3%, n = 8) of the tracer was observed ex vivo in rats (at 20 min postinjection) in the AT1R-rich kidney cortex following pretreatment with saturating doses of the AT1R antagonist candesartan or losartan. This specific binding to AT1R was confirmed in vitro in the rat renal cortex (autoradiography) by a reduction of 26 ± 5% (n = 12) with losartan coincubation (10 μM). These favorable binding properties support further studies to assess the potential of [18F]fluoropyridine-candesartan as a tracer for the positron emission tomography imaging of renal AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida M. Abreu Diaz
- Centre
de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département
de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960
chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institut
de Génie Biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960
chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Departamento
de Radioquímica, Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y
Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de la Habana, Ave. Salvador Allende y Luaces,
Quinta de los Molinos, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Gergana O. Drumeva
- Centre
de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département
de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960
chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Daniil R. Petrenyov
- Centre
de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean-François Carrier
- Centre
de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut
de Génie Biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960
chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Département
de Physique, Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
- Département
de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire,
Faculté de Médecine, Université
de Montréal, Pavillon
Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean N. DaSilva
- Centre
de Recherche du CHUM, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département
de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960
chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institut
de Génie Biomédicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960
chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Département
de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médecine Nucléaire,
Faculté de Médecine, Université
de Montréal, Pavillon
Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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10
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Lin D, Wallace M, Allentoff AJ, Donnelly DJ, Gomes E, Voronin K, Gong S, Huang RYC, Kim H, Caceres-Cortes J, Bonacorsi S. Chemoselective Methionine Bioconjugation: Site-Selective Fluorine-18 Labeling of Proteins and Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1908-1916. [PMID: 32687313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 18F]FEtLos and [ 18F]AMBF 3Los as Novel 18F-Labelled Losartan Derivatives for Molecular Imaging of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081872. [PMID: 32325695 PMCID: PMC7221519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Losartan is widely used in clinics to treat cardiovascular related diseases by selectively blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs), which regulate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Therefore, monitoring the physiological and pathological biodistribution of AT1R using positron emission tomography (PET) might be a valuable tool to assess the functionality of RAS. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two novel losartan derivatives PET tracers, [18F]fluoroethyl-losartan ([18F]FEtLos) and [18F]ammoniomethyltrifluoroborate-losartan ([18F]AMBF3Los). [18F]FEtLos was radiolabeled by 18F-fluoroalkylation of losartan potassium using the prosthetic group 2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate; whereas [18F]AMBF3Los was prepared following an one-step 18F-19F isotopic exchange reaction, in an overall yield of 2.7 ± 0.9% and 11 ± 4%, respectively, with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Binding competition assays in AT1R-expressing membranes showed that AMBF3Los presented an almost equivalent binding affinity (Ki 7.9 nM) as the cold reference Losartan (Ki 1.5 nM), unlike FEtLos (Ki 2000 nM). In vitro and in vivo assays showed that [18F]AMBF3Los displayed a good binding affinity for AT1R-overexpressing CHO cells and was able to specifically bind to renal AT1R. Hence, our data demonstrate [18F]AMBF3Los as a new tool for PET imaging of AT1R with possible applications for the diagnosis of cardiovascular, inflammatory and cancer diseases.
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12
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Ghiassian S, Yu L, Gobbo P, Nazemi A, Romagnoli T, Luo W, Luyt LG, Workentin MS. Nitrone-Modified Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Potential as 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography Probes via I-SPANC. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19106-19115. [PMID: 31763533 PMCID: PMC6868604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioorthogonal gold nanoparticle (AuNP) template displaying interfacial nitrone functional groups for bioorthogonal interfacial strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition reactions has been synthesized. These nitrone-AuNPs were characterized in detail using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and a nanoparticle raw formula was calculated. The ability to control the conjugation of molecules of interest at the molecular level onto the nitrone-AuNP template allowed us to create a novel methodology for the synthesis of AuNP-based radiolabeled probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghiassian
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lihai Yu
- London
Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., London N6A 5W9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommaso Romagnoli
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Luo
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
- London
Regional Cancer Program, 800 Commissioners Rd. E., London N6A 5W9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Materials and Biomaterials
Research and Department of Oncology, The University
of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Roche M, Specklin S, Richard M, Hinnen F, Génermont K, Kuhnast B. [ 18 F]FPyZIDE: A versatile prosthetic reagent for the fluorine-18 radiolabeling of biologics via copper-catalyzed or strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:95-108. [PMID: 30556584 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the radiolabeling of biologics with fluorine-18 have been of interest for several decades. A common approach consists in the preparation of a prosthetic reagent, a small molecule bearing a fluorine-18 that is conjugated with the macromolecule to an appropriate function. Click chemistry, and more particularly cycloadditions, is an interesting approach to radiolabel molecules thanks to mild reaction conditions, high yields, low by-products formation, and strong orthogonality. Moreover, the chemical functions involved in the cycloaddition reaction are stable in the drastic radiofluorination conditions, thus allowing a simple radiosynthetic route to prepare the prosthetic reagent. We report herein the radiosynthesis of 18 F-FPyZIDE, a pyridine-based azide-bearing prosthetic reagent. We exemplified its conjugation via copper-catalyzed cycloaddition (CuAAC) and strain-promoted cycloaddition (SPAAC) with several terminal alkyne or strained alkyne model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Roche
- IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Simon Specklin
- IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mylène Richard
- IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Françoise Hinnen
- IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Kevin Génermont
- IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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14
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Wagener K, Renisch D, Schinnerer M, Worm M, Jakob Y, Eberhardt K, Rösch F. Copper-catalyzed click reactions: quantification of retained copper using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I), exemplified for CuAAC reactions on liposomes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a powerful, highly reliable and selective reaction which allows for a rapid synthesis in high yields and under mild conditions (pH, temperature). However, the cytotoxicity of copper requires its complete removal prior to an application in vivo. This is an issue especially when it comes to CuAAC reactions on macromolecular structures or drug delivery systems, as copper might be retained by these systems. Thus, a quantification of the final copper content of these systems is inevitable, which we exemplified for a CuAAC reaction on liposomes using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I). In this respect, a Cu(II) nitrate solution was irradiated at the TRIGA Mark II research reactor Mainz to obtain c.a. [64Cu]Cu(II). The irradiated solution was directly used for a CuAAC on liposomes. After purification, their copper content was calculated utilizing γ-ray spectrometry. Only 0.018% of the added 64Cu-activity was still present in the liposome containing fractions after purification. This refers to a total amount of copper of 0.17 ng. The amount of retained copper is so low, that an in vivo application of the liposomes is absolutely reasonable. Besides this particular study, the experimental methodology may be applied to study many other CuAAC reactions, used for the synthesis of radiolabeled or non-radioactive species, which are intended for human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Wagener
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Dennis Renisch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Meike Schinnerer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Jakob-Welder-Weg 11 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Yvonne Jakob
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Klaus Eberhardt
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University , Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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15
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Murrell E, Kovacs MS, Luyt LG. A Compact and Synthetically Accessible Fluorine-18 Labelled Cyclooctyne Prosthetic Group for Labelling of Biomolecules by Copper-Free Click Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1625-1628. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Murrell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Michael S. Kovacs
- Lawson Health Research Institute; 268 Grosvenor Street London ON N6A 4V2 Canada
- Departments of Medical Imaging and Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- Department of Chemistry; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Oncology; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program; Lawson Health Research Institute; 790 Commissioners Road East London ON N6A 4L6 Canada
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16
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Debordeaux F, Chansel-Debordeaux L, Pinaquy JB, Fernandez P, Schulz J. What about αvβ3 integrins in molecular imaging in oncology? Nucl Med Biol 2018; 62-63:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Wagener K, Worm M, Pektor S, Schinnerer M, Thiermann R, Miederer M, Frey H, Rösch F. Comparison of Linear and Hyperbranched Polyether Lipids for Liposome Shielding by 18F-Radiolabeling and Positron Emission Tomography. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2506-2516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Wagener
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Meike Schinnerer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Welder Weg 11, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Miederer
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Denk C, Wilkovitsch M, Skrinjar P, Svatunek D, Mairinger S, Kuntner C, Filip T, Fröhlich J, Wanek T, Mikula H. [ 18F]Fluoroalkyl azides for rapid radiolabeling and (Re)investigation of their potential towards in vivo click chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:5976-5982. [PMID: 28678258 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00880e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, radiofluorinated alkyl azides have been reported for click radiolabeling and pretargeted PET imaging, but only little is known about the biodistribution and metabolism of these compounds. In this work, we present a significantly improved procedure for the synthesis of [18F]fluoroethyl azide and reinvestigated this radiolabeled probe in detail showing poor stability and very restricted suitability for in vivo application. Therefore, modified low-molecular-weight [18F]fluoroalkyl azides were developed. Propargyl-tagged endomorphin-1 (as model compound) was successfully radiolabeled in high yield and short reaction time making these probes useful and efficient bioorthogonal tools for rapid radiolabeling. Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and in vivo stability were studied by preclinical PET/MR scanning and metabolite analysis. The results of this study revealed only limited applicability of [18F]fluoroalkyl azides for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Denk
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria.
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19
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Roscales S, Plumet J. Metal-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8446-8461. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review recent advances in the metal-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides are highlighted, covering references from the period 2000 until August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roscales
- Universidad Complutense
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
| | - Joaquín Plumet
- Universidad Complutense
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
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20
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Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Bailey J, Bernard-Gauthier V, Schirrmacher E, Wängler C. Small Prosthetic Groups in 18F-Radiochemistry: Useful Auxiliaries for the Design of 18F-PET Tracers. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:474-492. [PMID: 28826522 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic group (PG) applications in 18F-radiochemistry play a pivotal role among current 18F-labeling techniques for the development and availability of 18F-labeled imaging probes for PET (Wahl, 2002) (1). The introduction and popularization of PGs in the mid-80s by pioneers in 18F-radiochemistry has profoundly changed the landscape of available tracers for PET and has led to a multitude of new imaging agents based on simple and efficiently synthesized PGs. Because of the chemical nature of anionic 18F- (apart from electrophilic low specific activity 18F-fluorine), radiochemistry before the introduction of PGs was limited to simple nucleophilic substitutions of leaving group containing precursor molecules. These precursors were not always available, and some target compounds were either hard to synthesize or not obtainable at all. Even with the advent of recently introduced "late-stage fluorination" techniques for the 18F-fluorination of deactivated aromatic systems, PGs will continue to play a central role in 18F-radiochemistry because of their robust and almost universal usability. The importance of PGs in radiochemistry is shown by its current significance in tracer development and exemplified by an overview of selected methodologies for PG attachment to PET tracer molecules. Especially, click-chemistry approaches to PG conjugation, while furthering the historical evolution of PGs in PET tracer design, play a most influential role in modern PG utilization. All earlier and recent multifaceted approaches in PG development have significantly enriched the contingent of modern 18F-radiochemistry procedures and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Justin Bailey
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Esther Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
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21
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Lugato B, Stucchi S, Ciceri S, Iannone MN, Turolla EA, Giuliano L, Chinello C, Todde S, Ferraboschi P. A novel versatile precursor suitable for 18 F-radiolabeling via "click chemistry". J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:466-480. [PMID: 28600889 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As an effort to improve 18 F-radiolabeling of biomolecules in method robustness and versatility, we report the synthesis and radiolabeling of a new azido precursor potentially useful for the so-called "click reaction," in particular the ligand-free version of the copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. The new azido precursor may help to overcome problems sometimes exhibited by most of the currently used analogues, as it is safe to handle and it displays long-term chemical stability, thus facilitating the development of new radiolabeling procedures. Moreover, the formed 18 F-labeled 1,2,3-triazole is potentially metabolically stable and could enhance the in vivo circulation time. The above azido precursor was successfully radiolabeled with 18 F, with 51% radiochemical yield (nondecay-corrected). As a proof of concept, the 18 F-labeled azide was then tested with a suitable alkyne functionalized aminoacid (l-propargylglycine), showing 94% of conversion, and a final radiochemical yield of 27% (>99% radiochemical purity), nondecay-corrected, with a total preparation time of 104 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lugato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Stucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Ciceri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M N Iannone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - E A Turolla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - L Giuliano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Chinello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Todde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - P Ferraboschi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Colin DJ, Inkster JAH, Germain S, Seimbille Y. Preclinical validations of [ 18F]FPyPEGCBT- c(RGDfK): a 18F-labelled RGD peptide prepared by ligation of 2-cyanobenzothiazole and 1,2-aminothiol to image angiogenesis. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2017; 1:16. [PMID: 29564392 PMCID: PMC5843817 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-016-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background αVβ3, αVβ5 and α5β1 integrins are known to be involved in carcinogenesis and are overexpressed in many types of tumours compared to healthy tissues; thereby they have been selected as promising therapeutic targets. Positron emission tomography (PET) is providing a unique non-invasive screening assay to discriminate which patient is more prone to benefit from antiangiogenic therapies, and extensive research has been carried out to develop a clinical radiopharmaceutical that binds specifically to integrin receptors. We recently reported the synthesis of a new 18F-labelled RGD peptide prepared by 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT)/1,2-aminothiol conjugation. This study aims at characterising the preclinical biologic properties of this new tumour-targeting ligand, named [18F]FPyPEGCBT-c(RGDfK). The in vitro binding properties of [18F]FPyPEGCBT-c(RGDfK) were analysed by standard binding assay in U-87 MG and SKOV-3 cancer models and its selectivity towards integrins by siRNA depletions. Its preclinical potential was studied in mice bearing subcutaneous tumours by ex vivo biodistribution studies and in vivo microPET/CT imaging. Results In vitro, FPyPEGCBT-c(RGDfK) efficiently bound RGD-recognising integrins as compared to a control c(RGDfV) peptide (IC50 = 30.8 × 10−7 M vs. 6.0 × 10−7 M). [18F]FPyPEGCBT-c(RGDfK) cell uptake was mediated by an active transport through binding to αV, β3 and β5 but not to β1 subunits. In vivo, this new tracer demonstrated specific tumour uptake with %ID/g of 2.9 and 2.4 in U-87 MG and SKOV-3 tumours 1 h post injection. Tumour-to-muscle ratios of 4 were obtained 1 h after intravenous administration of the tracer allowing good visualisation of the tumours. However, unfavourable background accumulation and high hepatobiliary excretion were observed. Conclusion [18F]FPyPEGCBT-c(RGDfK) specifically detects tumours expressing RGD-recognising integrin receptors in preclinical studies. Further optimisation of this radioligand may yield candidates with improved imaging properties and would warrant the further use of this efficient labelling technique for alternative targeting vectors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41181-016-0019-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier J Colin
- MicroPET/SPECT/CT Imaging Laboratory, Centre for BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James A H Inkster
- Cyclotron Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Germain
- MicroPET/SPECT/CT Imaging Laboratory, Centre for BioMedical Imaging (CIBM), University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Cyclotron Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
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Meyer JP, Adumeau P, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: The First 10 Years. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2791-2807. [PMID: 27787983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The advent of click chemistry has had a profound influence on almost all branches of chemical science. This is particularly true of radiochemistry and the synthesis of agents for positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and targeted radiotherapy. The selectivity, ease, rapidity, and modularity of click ligations make them nearly ideally suited for the construction of radiotracers, a process that often involves working with biomolecules in aqueous conditions with inexorably decaying radioisotopes. In the following pages, our goal is to provide a broad overview of the first 10 years of research at the intersection of click chemistry and radiochemistry. The discussion will focus on four areas that we believe underscore the critical advantages provided by click chemistry: (i) the use of prosthetic groups for radiolabeling reactions, (ii) the creation of coordination scaffolds for radiometals, (iii) the site-specific radiolabeling of proteins and peptides, and (iv) the development of strategies for in vivo pretargeting. Particular emphasis will be placed on the four most prevalent click reactions-the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA), and the Staudinger ligation-although less well-known click ligations will be discussed as well. Ultimately, it is our hope that this review will not only serve to educate readers but will also act as a springboard, inspiring synthetic chemists and radiochemists alike to harness click chemistry in even more innovative and ambitious ways as we embark upon the second decade of this fruitful collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College , 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 413 East 69th Street, New York, New York 10028, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College , 520 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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24
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Zhang Q, Dall'Angelo S, Fleming IN, Schweiger LF, Zanda M, O'Hagan D. Last-Step Enzymatic [(18) F]-Fluorination of Cysteine-Tethered RGD Peptides Using Modified Barbas Linkers. Chemistry 2016; 22:10998-1004. [PMID: 27374143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a last-step fluorinase-catalyzed [(18) F]-fluorination of a cysteine-containing RGD peptide. The peptide was attached through sulfur to a modified and more hydrophilic variant of the recently disclosed Barbas linker which was itself linked to a chloroadenosine moiety via a PEGylated chain. The fluorinase was able to use this construct as a substrate for a transhalogenation reaction to generate [(18) F]-radiolabeled RGD peptides, which retained high affinity to cancer-cell relevant αv β3 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lutz F Schweiger
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- John Mallard Scottish PET Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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25
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Chaturvedi S, Mishra AK. Small Molecule Radiopharmaceuticals - A Review of Current Approaches. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:5. [PMID: 26942181 PMCID: PMC4763069 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are an integral component of nuclear medicine and are widely applied in diagnostics and therapy. Though widely applied, the development of an “ideal” radiopharmaceutical can be challenging. Issues such as specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and feasible chemistry challenge the design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. Over time, strategies to address the issues have evolved by making use of new technological advances in the fields of biology and chemistry. This review presents the application of few advances in design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. The topics covered are bivalent ligand approach and lipidization as part of design modifications for enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and novel synthetic strategies for optimized chemistry and radiolabeling of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation , Delhi , India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation , Delhi , India
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26
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Kettenbach K, Ross TL. A 18F-labeled dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) derivative for copper-free click labeling of biomolecules. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The new prosthetic group 18F-TEG-DBCO (dibenzocyclooctyne) can be prepared within a total reaction time of 60 min including purification with an overall yield (n.d.c.) of 34 ± 5%. Copper-free click cycloadditions with various biomolecule-azides resulted in very high RCYs under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kettenbach
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- Germany
| | - T. L. Ross
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
- Germany
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
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27
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Wang L, Jacobson O, Avdic D, Rotstein BH, Weiss ID, Collier L, Chen X, Vasdev N, Liang SH. Ortho-Stabilized (18) F-Azido Click Agents and their Application in PET Imaging with Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12777-81. [PMID: 26308650 PMCID: PMC4698351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Azido (18) F-arenes are important and versatile building blocks for the radiolabeling of biomolecules via Huisgen cycloaddition ("click chemistry") for positron emission tomography (PET). However, routine access to such clickable agents is challenged by inefficient and/or poorly defined multistep radiochemical approaches. A high-yielding direct radiofluorination for azido (18) F-arenes was achieved through the development of an ortho-oxygen-stabilized iodonium derivative (OID). This OID strategy addresses an unmet need for a reliable azido (18) F-arene clickable agent for bioconjugation reactions. A ssDNA aptamer was radiolabeled with this agent and visualized in a xenograft mouse model of human colon cancer by PET, which demonstrates that this OID approach is a convenient and highly efficient way of labeling and tracking biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA)
| | - Din Avdic
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Ido D Weiss
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA)
| | - Lee Collier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA)
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA).
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA).
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 (USA).
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28
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Yook CM, Lee SJ, Oh SJ, Ha HJ, Lee JJ. Simple preparation of new [(18) F]F-labeled synthetic amino acid derivatives with two click reactions in one-pot and SPE purification. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:317-26. [PMID: 26031401 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
New [(18) F]fluorinated 1,2,3-triazolyl amino acid derivatives were efficiently prepared from Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, well known as click reaction. We developed two simultaneous click reactions in one-pot with a simple solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification method. [(18) F]fluoro-1-propyne was obtained at a 45% non-decay corrected radiochemical yield based on the [(18) F]fluoride ion. The one-pot and simultaneous two click reactions were performed with unprotected azido-alkyl amino acid, [(18) F]fluoro-1-propyne, and lipophilic additive alkyne to produce three synthetic amino acid derivatives, AMC-101 ([(18) F]-6a), AMC-102 ([(18) F]-6b), and AMC-103 ([(18) F]-6c) with 29%, 28%, and 24% of non-decay corrected radiochemical yields, respectively. All radiotracers indicated that radiochemical purities were >95% without any residual organic solvent. Our new method involving two click reactions in one-pot showed high radiochemical and chemical purity by easy removal of the residual precursor from the simultaneous two click reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Yook
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-719, South Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Kyunggi-do, 449-719, South Korea
| | - Jong Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
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29
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Selvaraj R, Giglio B, Liu S, Wang H, Wang M, Yuan H, Chintala SR, Yap LP, Conti PS, Fox JM, Li Z. Improved metabolic stability for 18F PET probes rapidly constructed via tetrazine trans-cyclooctene ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:435-42. [PMID: 25679331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fast kinetics and bioorthogonal nature of the tetrazine trans-cyclooctene (TCO) ligation makes it a unique tool for PET probe construction. In this study, we report the development of an (18)F-labeling system based on a CF3-substituted diphenyl-s-tetrazine derivative with the aim of maintaining high reactivity while increasing in vivo stability. c(RGDyK) was tagged by a CF3-substituted diphenyl-s-tetrazine derivative via EDC-mediated coupling. The resulting tetrazine-RGD conjugate was combined with a (19)F-labeled TCO derivative to give HPLC standards. The analogous (18)F-labeled TCO derivative was combined with the diphenyl-s-tetrazine-RGD at μM concentration. The resulting tracer was subjected to in vivo metabolic stability assessment, and microPET studies in murine U87MG xenograft models. The diphenyl-s-tetrazine-RGD combines with an (18)F-labeled TCO in high yields (>97% decay-corrected on the basis of TCO) using only 4 equiv of tetrazine-RGD relative to the (18)F-labeled TCO (concentration calculated based on product's specific activity). The radiochemical purity of the (18)F-RGD peptides was >95% and the specific activity was 111 GBq/μmol. Noninvasive microPET experiments demonstrated that (18)F-RGD had integrin-specific tumor uptake in subcutaneous U87MG glioma. In vivo metabolic stability of (18)F-RGD in blood, urine, and major organs showed two major peaks: one corresponded to the Diels-Alder conjugate and the other was identified as the aromatized analog. A CF3-substituted diphenyl-s-tetrazine displays excellent speed and efficiency in (18)F-PET probe construction, providing nearly quantitative (18)F labeling within minutes at low micromolar concentrations. The resulting conjugates display improved in vivo metabolic stability relative to our previously described system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramajeyam Selvaraj
- †Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Benjamin Giglio
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shuanglong Liu
- §Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Hui Wang
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hong Yuan
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Chintala
- †Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Li-Peng Yap
- §Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Peter S Conti
- §Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- †Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- ‡Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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30
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Hong H, Chen F, Zhang Y, Cai W. New radiotracers for imaging of vascular targets in angiogenesis-related diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 76:2-20. [PMID: 25086372 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous advances over the last several decades in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allow for targeted imaging of molecular and cellular events in the living systems. Angiogenesis, a multistep process regulated by the network of different angiogenic factors, has attracted world-wide interests, due to its pivotal role in the formation and progression of different diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and inflammation. In this review article, we will summarize the recent progress in PET or SPECT imaging of a wide variety of vascular targets in three major angiogenesis-related diseases: cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Faster drug development and patient stratification for a specific therapy will become possible with the facilitation of PET or SPECT imaging and it will be critical for the maximum benefit of patients.
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31
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Ermert J. 18F-labelled intermediates for radiosynthesis by modular build-up reactions: newer developments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:812973. [PMID: 25343144 PMCID: PMC4197889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This brief review gives an overview of newer developments in (18)F-chemistry with the focus on small (18)F-labelled molecules as intermediates for modular build-up syntheses. The short half-life (<2 h) of the radionuclide requires efficient syntheses of these intermediates considering that multistep syntheses are often time consuming and characterized by a loss of yield in each reaction step. Recent examples of improved synthesis of (18)F-labelled intermediates show new possibilities for no-carrier-added ring-fluorinated arenes, novel intermediates for tri[(18)F]fluoromethylation reactions, and (18)F-fluorovinylation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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32
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PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging integrin expression: tracers in clinical studies and recent developments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:871609. [PMID: 25013808 PMCID: PMC4072020 DOI: 10.1155/2014/871609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive determination of integrin expression has become an interesting approach in nuclear medicine. Since the discovery of the first 18F-labeled cyclic RGD peptide as radiotracer for imaging integrin αvβ3 expression in vivo, there have been carried out enormous efforts to develop RGD peptides for PET imaging. Moreover, in recent years, additional integrins, including α5β1 and αvβ6 came into the focus of pharmaceutical radiochemistry. This review will discuss the tracers already evaluated in clinical trials and summarize the preliminary outcome. It will also give an overview on recent developments to further optimize the first-generation compounds such as [18F]Galacto-RGD. This includes recently developed 18F-labeling strategies and also new approaches in 68Ga-complex chemistry. Furthermore, the approaches to develop radiopharmaceuticals targeting integrin α5β1 and αvβ6 will be summarized and discussed.
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33
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Sweetening pharmaceutical radiochemistry by (18)f-fluoroglycosylation: a short review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:214748. [PMID: 24991541 PMCID: PMC4058687 DOI: 10.1155/2014/214748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At the time when the highly efficient [(18)F]FDG synthesis was discovered by the use of the effective precursor 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl- β -D-mannopyranose (mannose triflate) for nucleophilic (18)F-substitution, the field of PET in nuclear medicine experienced a long-term boom. Thirty years later, various strategies for chemoselective (18)F-labeling of biomolecules have been developed, trying to keep up with the emerging field of radiopharmaceutical sciences. Among the new radiochemical strategies, chemoselective (18)F-fluoroglycosylation methods aim at the sweetening of pharmaceutical radiochemistry by providing a powerful and highly valuable tool for the design of (18)F-glycoconjugates with suitable in vivo properties for PET imaging studies. This paper provides a short review (reflecting the literature not older than 8 years) on the different (18)F-fluoroglycosylation reactions that have been applied to the development of various (18)F-glycoconjugate tracers, including not only peptides, but also nonpeptidic tracers and high-molecular-weight proteins.
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