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Jia H, Chen Y, Chen Y, Liu R, Zhang Q, Bartlam M. Structure and function of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent (PLP) threonine deaminase IlvA1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149710. [PMID: 38417345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
IlvA1, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent (PLP) enzyme, catalyzes the deamination of l-threonine and l-serine to yield 2-ketobutyric acid or pyruvate. To gain insights into the function of IlvA1, we determined its crystal structure from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 2.3 Å. Density for a 2-ketobutyric acid product was identified in the active site and a putative allosteric site. Activity and substrate binding assays confirmed that IlvA1 utilizes l-threonine, l-serine, and L-allo-threonine as substrates. The enzymatic activity is regulated by the end products l-isoleucine and l-valine. Additionally, the efficiency of d-cycloserine and l-cycloserine inhibitors on IlvA1 enzymatic activity was examined. Notably, site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the active site residues and revealed that Gln165 enhances the enzyme activity, emphasizing its role in substrate access. This work provides crucial insights into the structure and mechanism of IlvA1 and serves as a starting point for further functional and mechanistic studies of the threonine deaminase in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qionglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mark Bartlam
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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2
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Chang Y, Chen J, Zhu H, Huang R, Wu J, Lin Y, Li Q, Shen G, Feng J. Metabolic Characteristics and Discriminative Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature in Preadolescents and Adolescents. Molecules 2024; 29:1661. [PMID: 38611940 PMCID: PMC11013616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) are the most common types of short stature (SS), but little is known about their pathogenesis, and even less is known about the study of adolescent SS. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis combined with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to identify the biomarkers of different types of SS (including 94 preadolescent GHD (PAG), 61 preadolescent ISS (PAI), 43 adolescent GHD (ADG), and 19 adolescent ISS (ADI)), and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was further used to evaluate the predictive power of potential biomarkers. The results showed that fourteen, eleven, nine, and fifteen metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers of PAG, PAI, ADG, and ADI compared with their corresponding controls, respectively. The disturbed metabolic pathways in preadolescent SS were mainly carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism, while disorders of amino acid metabolism played an important role in adolescent SS. The combination of aspartate, ethanolamine, phosphocholine, and trimethylamine was screened out to identify PAI from PAG, and alanine, histidine, isobutyrate, methanol, and phosphocholine gave a high classification accuracy for ADI and ADC. The differences in metabolic characteristics between GHD and ISS in preadolescents and adolescents will contribute to the development of individualized clinical treatments in short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Chang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; (J.C.); (R.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Education Section and Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, China;
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; (J.C.); (R.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of Child Health, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; (J.C.); (R.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Quanquan Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guiping Shen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.C.); (J.W.); (Q.L.)
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Ghalibaf AM, Soflaei SS, Ferns GA, Saberi-Karimian M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association between dietary copper and cardiovascular disease: A narrative review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127255. [PMID: 37586165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Several studies have investigated the relationship between trace element status, including copper status, and CVDs in population studies; however, there are controversies about the role of dietary copper and CVD. We aimed to review the association between dietary copper intake with CVD and this association's related factors by reviewing both animal models and human studies. Some animal model studies have reported a strong relationship between dietary copper intake and atherogenesis based on the possible molecular pathways, whilst other studies have not confirmed this relationship. Human studies have not revealed a relationship between CVDs and dietary copper intake, but there is uncertainty about the optimal amount of dietary copper intake in relation reducing the risk of CVDs. These associations may be influenced by ethnicity, gender, underlying co-morbidities and the methods used for its measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sara Saffar Soflaei
- International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Maryam Saberi-Karimian
- International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mangogna A, Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Vinci P, Landolfo M, Mearelli F, Biolo G. High-protein diet with excess leucine prevents inactivity-induced insulin resistance in women. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2578-2587. [PMID: 37972527 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Muscle inactivity leads to muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) leucine interacts with the insulin signaling pathway to modulate glucose metabolism. We have tested the ability of a high-protein BCAA-enriched diet to prevent insulin resistance during long-term bed rest (BR). METHODS Stable isotopes were infused to determine glucose and protein kinetics in the postabsorptive state and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in combination with amino acid infusion (Clamp + AA) before and at the end of 60 days of BR in two groups of healthy, young women receiving eucaloric diets containing 1 g of protein/kg per day (n = 8) or 1.45 g of protein/kg per day enriched with 0.15 g/kg per day of BCAAs (leucine/valine/isoleucine = 2/1/1) (n = 8). Body composition was determined by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. RESULTS BR decreased lean body mass by 7.6 ± 0.3 % and 7.2 ± 0.8 % in the groups receiving conventional or high protein-BCAA diets, respectively. Fat mass was unchanged in both groups. At the end of BR, percent changes of insulin-mediated glucose uptake significantly (p = 0.01) decreased in the conventional diet group from 155 ± 23 % to 84 ± 10 % while did not change significantly in the high protein-BCAA diet group from 126 ± 20 % to 141 ± 27 % (BR effect, p = 0.32; BR/diet interaction, p = 0.01; Repeated Measures ANCOVA). In contrast, there were no BR/diet interactions on proteolysis and protein synthesis Clamp + AA changes in the conventional diet and the high protein-BCAA diet groups. CONCLUSION A high protein-BCAA enriched diet prevented inactivity-induced insulin resistance in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Hospital Pharmacy, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Vinci
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Landolfo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Medical Clinic, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Najafi F, Mohseni P, Pasdar Y, Niknam M, Izadi N. The association between dietary amino acid profile and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2284. [PMID: 37980456 PMCID: PMC10657569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the main risk factors for T2D consist of a combination of lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and genetic factors. Amino acids are considered to be a major component of dietary sources for many of the associations between dietary protein and chronic disease. Therefore, this study amied to determine the association between dietary amino acid intakes and the incidence of T2D. METHODS The present nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The information required for this study was collected from individuals who participated in the Adult Cohort Study from the start of the study until September 2023. Over a 6-year follow-up period, data from 113 new T2D cases were available. Four controls were then randomly selected for each case using density sampling. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age at the interview. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data related to all amino acids including tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine were also extracted. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of T2D. RESULTS Using the univariable model, a significant association was found between T2D risk and branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, and essential amino acids in the fourth quartile. Accordingly, individuals in the fourth quartile had a 1.81- to 1.87-fold higher risk of developing new T2D than individuals in the lowest quartile (P<0.05). After adjustment for several variables, the risk of developing a new T2D was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.16-6.31), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21), 2.98 (95% CI: 1.27-6.96), 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.90), and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.13-6.25) times higher, for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, alcoholic, and essential amino acids compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the risk of developing a new T2D was higher for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain amino acids, alkaline, sulfate, and essential amino acids than in the lower quartile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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6
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Kim HJ, Jung DW, Williams DR. Age Is Just a Number: Progress and Obstacles in the Discovery of New Candidate Drugs for Sarcopenia. Cells 2023; 12:2608. [PMID: 37998343 PMCID: PMC10670210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging. The progression of sarcopenia is correlated with the onset of physical disability, the inability to live independently, and increased mortality. Due to global increases in lifespan and demographic aging in developed countries, sarcopenia has become a major socioeconomic burden. Clinical therapies for sarcopenia are based on physical therapy and nutritional support, although these may suffer from low adherence and variable outcomes. There are currently no clinically approved drugs for sarcopenia. Consequently, there is a large amount of pre-clinical research focusing on discovering new candidate drugs and novel targets. In this review, recent progress in this research will be discussed, along with the challenges that may preclude successful translational research in the clinic. The types of drugs examined include mitochondria-targeting compounds, anti-diabetes agents, small molecules that target non-coding RNAs, protein therapeutics, natural products, and repositioning candidates. In light of the large number of drugs and targets being reported, it can be envisioned that clinically approved pharmaceuticals to prevent the progression or even mitigate sarcopenia may be within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
| | - Darren Reece Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea;
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7
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Xu E, Ji B, Jin K, Chen Y. Branched-chain amino acids catabolism and cancer progression: focus on therapeutic interventions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1220638. [PMID: 37637065 PMCID: PMC10448767 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1220638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are crucial amino acids with significant implications in tumorigenesis across various human malignancies. Studies have demonstrated that altered BCAA metabolism can influence tumor growth and progression. Increased levels of BCAAs have been associated with tumor growth inhibition, indicating their potential as anti-cancer agents. Conversely, a deficiency in BCAAs can promote tumor metastasis to different organs due to the disruptive effects of high BCAA concentrations on tumor cell migration and invasion. This disruption is associated with tumor cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, BCAAs serve as nitrogen donors, contributing to synthesizing macromolecules such as proteins and nucleotides crucial for cancer cell growth. Consequently, BCAAs exhibit a dual role in cancer, and their effects on tumor growth or inhibition are contingent upon various conditions and concentrations. This review discusses these contrasting findings, providing valuable insights into BCAA-related therapeutic interventions and ultimately contributing to a better understanding of their potential role in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Xu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bangju Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Zubia KM, Akter A, Carter BH, McDaniel MR, Duff GC, Löest CA. Effects of supplementing milk replacer with essential amino acids on blood metabolites, immune response, and nitrogen metabolism of Holstein calves exposed to an endotoxin. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5402-5415. [PMID: 37331873 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing calf milk replacer with essential AA on immune responses, blood metabolites, and nitrogen metabolism of 32 Holstein bull calves [28 d of age, 44 ± 0.8 kg of body weight (BW)] exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Calves were bottle-fed a commercial milk replacer (20% crude protein and 20% fat, dry matter basis) twice daily along with a calf starter (19% crude protein, dry matter basis) for 45 d. The experiment was a randomized complete block design and treatments were a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were milk replacer (fed twice daily at 0.5 kg/d of powder) supplemented with or without 10 essential AA (+AA vs. -AA), and subcutaneous injection of sterile saline with or without LPS (+LPS vs. -LPS) at 3 h after the morning feeding on d 15 (4 µg LPS per kg of BW) and 17 (2 µg LPS per kg of BW). Calves also received a 2-mL subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin (6 mg of ovalbumin/mL) on d 16 and 30. Rectal temperature and blood samples were collected on d 15 before LPS injection and at h 4, 8, 12, and 24 thereafter. From d 15 to 19, total fecal and urinary output were collected, and feed refusals were documented. Rectal temperature was greater in +LPS than -LPS calves at h 4, 8, and 12 after LPS injection. Serum cortisol was greater for +LPS than -LPS at h 4 after LPS exposure. At d 28, serum antiovalbumin IgG level was greater in +LPS +AA calves compared with +LPS -AA. Serum glucose was lower for +LPS than -LPS at h 4 and 8. Serum insulin was greater in +LPS than -LPS calves. Plasma concentrations of Thr, Gly, Asn, Ser, and hydroxyproline were lower for +LPS versus -LPS calves. Plasma concentrations of Met, Leu, Phe, His, Ile, Trp, Thr, and Orn were greater in +AA calves than -AA calves. Plasma urea N and N retention were not different among LPS and AA treatments. The lower concentrations of AA in +LPS than -LPS calves indicate higher demand for AA in immuno-compromised calves fed milk replacer. Additionally, higher concentration of ovalbumin-specific IgG level in +LPS calves supplemented with +AA compared with +LPS calves with -AA suggests that supplementing AA to immune-compromised calves might improve immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Zubia
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003; Beef Marketing, Wood River Ranch Beef, Bellevue, ID 83313
| | - A Akter
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - B H Carter
- Performix Nutrition Systems, Nampa, ID 83687
| | | | - G C Duff
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - C A Löest
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003.
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Mohamed Abdoul-Latif F, Ainane A, Houmed Aboubaker I, Mohamed J, Ainane T. Exploring the Potent Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds: Mechanisms and Prospects for Future Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1086. [PMID: 37631000 PMCID: PMC10458506 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. Fortunately, the last decades have been marked by considerable advances in the field of cancer therapy. Researchers have discovered many natural substances, some of which are isolated from plants that have promising anti-tumor activity. Among these, essential oils (EOs) and their constituents have been widely studied and shown potent anticancer activities, both in vitro and in vivo. However, despite the promising results, the precise mechanisms of action of EOs and their bioactive compounds are still poorly understood. Further research is needed to better understand these mechanisms, as well as their effectiveness and safety in use. Furthermore, the use of EOs as anticancer drugs is complex, as it requires absolute pharmacodynamic specificity and selectivity, as well as an appropriate formulation for effective administration. In this study, we present a synthesis of recent work on the mechanisms of anticancer action of EOs and their bioactive compounds, examining the results of various in vitro and in vivo studies. We also review future research prospects in this exciting field, as well as potential implications for the development of new cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif
- Medicinal Research Institute, Center for Studies and Research of Djibouti, IRM-CERD, Route de l’Aéroport, Haramous, Djibouti City P.O. Box 486, Djibouti;
| | - Ayoub Ainane
- Superior School of Technology of Khenifra, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. Box 170, Khenifra 54000, Morocco; (A.A.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Jalludin Mohamed
- Medicinal Research Institute, Center for Studies and Research of Djibouti, IRM-CERD, Route de l’Aéroport, Haramous, Djibouti City P.O. Box 486, Djibouti;
| | - Tarik Ainane
- Superior School of Technology of Khenifra, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. Box 170, Khenifra 54000, Morocco; (A.A.); (T.A.)
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10
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Srivarathan S, Addepalli R, Adiamo OQ, Kodagoda GK, Phan ADT, Wright ORL, Sultanbawa Y, Osborne S, Netzel ME. Edible Halophytes with Functional Properties: In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Minerals and Trace Elements from Australian Indigenous Halophytes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104004. [PMID: 37241743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are considered emerging functional foods as they are high in protein, minerals, and trace elements, although studies investigating halophyte digestibility, bioaccessibility, and intestinal absorption are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the in vitro protein digestibility, bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of minerals and trace elements in saltbush and samphire, two important Australian indigenous halophytes. The total amino acid contents of samphire and saltbush were 42.5 and 87.3 mg/g DW, and even though saltbush had a higher total protein content overall, the in vitro digestibility of samphire protein was higher than the saltbush protein. The in vitro bioaccessibility of Mg, Fe, and Zn was higher in freeze-dried halophyte powder compared to the halophyte test food, suggesting that the food matrix has a significant impact on mineral and trace element bioaccessibility. However, the samphire test food digesta had the highest intestinal Fe absorption rate, whereas the saltbush digesta exhibited the lowest (37.7 vs. 8.9 ng/mL ferritin). The present study provides crucial data about the digestive "fate" of halophyte protein, minerals, and trace elements and increases the understanding of these underutilized indigenous edible plants as future functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukirtha Srivarathan
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Jaffna, Ariviyal Nagar, Kilinochchi 44000, Sri Lanka
| | - Rama Addepalli
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Gethmini Kavindya Kodagoda
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Anh Dao Thi Phan
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Olivia Renee Louise Wright
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Simone Osborne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Michael Erich Netzel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
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11
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Meguid NA, Hashem HS, Ghanem MH, Helal SA, Semenova Y, Hashem S, Hashish A, Chirumbolo S, Elwan AM, Bjørklund G. Evaluation of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1997-2004. [PMID: 36600079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy run hand-to-hand in their pathophysiology. Epilepsy is not an uncommon finding in patients with ASD. The aim of the present study was to identify the metabolic abnormalities of BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in children with ASD with and without seizures in comparison with neurotypical controls. Also, this study aimed to investigate the presence of epileptiform discharges on electroencephalography (EEG) in ASD patients and to describe the types and frequency of seizures observed. The study included 90 children aged 2-7 years, 30 of whom were diagnosed with both ASD and epilepsy. The other 30 children were diagnosed as ASD without epilepsy, and a comparable 30 normally developed children served as a control group. The groups were matched by age and gender. All patients were referred to the Autism Disorders Clinic for interviews and examinations. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was applied to all study participants to assess the degree of autism. The present study results show that all types of seizures may be identified in ASD children. The median serum levels of BCAAs were lower in ASD children with and without epilepsy than in neurotypical controls. This opens the door for discussion about new etiologies and better categorizations of ASD based on genotype and genetic abnormalities detected. More studies with larger samples are needed to understand ASD better and to more reliable evaluate the association between ASD, EEG changes, seizures, and BCAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa A Meguid
- Research On Children With Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,CONEM Egypt Child Brain Research Group, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba S Hashem
- Research On Children With Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Ghanem
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, El-Abaseya, Egypt
| | - Samia A Helal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, El-Abaseya, Egypt
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Saher Hashem
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel Hashish
- Research On Children With Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Elwan
- Research On Children With Special Needs Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo I Rana, Norway.
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12
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Shurubor YI, Rogozhin AE, Isakova EP, Deryabina YI, Krasnikov BF. Residual Amino Acid Imbalance in Rats during Recovery from Acute Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy Indicates Incomplete Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043647. [PMID: 36835059 PMCID: PMC9967446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The delayed consequences of the influence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) on the metabolism of animals have not been studied enough. We have previously shown that the development of acute HE under the influence of the thioacetamide (TAA) toxin is accompanied by pathological changes in the liver, an imbalance in CoA and acetyl CoA, as well as a number of metabolites of the TCA cycle. This paper discusses the change in the balance of amino acids (AAs) and related metabolites, as well as the activity of glutamine transaminase (GTK) and ω-amidase enzymes in the vital organs of animals 6 days after a single exposure to TAA. The balance of the main AAs in blood plasma, liver, kidney, and brain samples of control (n = 3) and TAA-induced groups (n = 13) of rats that received the toxin at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg was considered. Despite the apparent physiological recovery of the rats at the time of sampling, a residual imbalance in AA and associated enzymes persisted. The data obtained give an idea of the metabolic trends in the body of rats after their physiological recovery from TAA exposure and may be useful for prognostic purposes when choosing the necessary therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander E. Rogozhin
- Valiev Institute of Physics and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - Elena P. Isakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yulia I. Deryabina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Boris F. Krasnikov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow 119121, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(985)-095-5445
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13
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Gül ET, Olgun O, Yıldız A, Çolak A. Effect of increasing valine level in the diet on performance, egg quality, and serum components in laying quails. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:54. [PMID: 36715779 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the effect of increasing dietary valine level on performance parameters, egg quality criteria, and blood and serum components. In the study, 120 female Japanese quails at the age of 10 weeks (241.4 ± 8.6 g) did randomly allocate to six experimental groups contained five subgroups. Treatment diets were prepared to contain 0.93% (control), 1.00%, 1.10%, 1.20%, 1.30%, or 1.40% valine. The egg mass decreased linearly with the increasing level of valine in the diet, while egg weight decreased in both linear and quadratic manner (P < 0.05). Increased levels of dietary valine increased eggshell breaking strength in cubic manner (P < 0.05). The administration of the valine to the diet caused a linear decrease in the albumin index and Haugh unit (P < 0.05). Other egg quality parameters were not affected (P > 0.05). Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations of laying quails were reduced by the increasing dietary valine levels; the effect on serum glucose was linear, while both linear and quadratic effects were significant on triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05). White blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts increased with the increasing dietary levels of valine (P < 0.05). Both linear and quadratic effects were significant on white blood cells and lymphocytes, while the effect on neutrophil counts was linear. However, erythrocyte and haematocrit (P < 0.05) decreased quadratically with increment in the dietary levels of valine. In conclusion, the increased valine levels in the diet adversely affected the egg weight, egg mass, and Haugh unit. but it reduced the serum triglyceride and glucose. Results may suggest that dietary valine at 0.93% level is sufficient for egg production and egg quality in laying quails, but positive effects of increased dietary valine levels on white blood cells may worth to investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Tuğçe Gül
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Selçuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Osman Olgun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Selçuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Alpönder Yıldız
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Selcuk, Selçuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Çolak
- Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application Facility, University of Ankara, Gölbaşı, 06830, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Liu S, Kormos BL, Knafels JD, Sahasrabudhe PV, Rosado A, Sommese RF, Reyes AR, Ward J, Roth Flach RJ, Wang X, Buzon LM, Reese MR, Bhattacharya SK, Omoto K, Filipski KJ. Structural studies identify angiotensin II receptor blocker-like compounds as branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102959. [PMID: 36717078 PMCID: PMC9976451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex is a multienzyme complex involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids. BCKD is regulated by the BCKD kinase, or BCKDK, which binds to the E2 subunit of BCKD, phosphorylates its E1 subunit, and inhibits enzymatic activity. Inhibition of the BCKD complex results in increased levels of branched-chain amino acids and branched-chain ketoacids, and this buildup has been associated with heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. To find BCKDK inhibitors for potential treatment of these diseases, we performed both NMR and virtual fragment screening and identified tetrazole-bearing fragments that bind BCKDK at multiple sites. Through structure-based virtual screening expanding from these fragments, the angiotensin receptor blocker class antihypertension drugs and angiotensin receptor blocker-like compounds were discovered to be potent BCKDK inhibitors, suggesting potential new avenues for heart failure treatment combining BCKDK inhibition and antihypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenping Liu
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Amy Rosado
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Allan R Reyes
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Ward
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xiaochun Wang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kiyoyuki Omoto
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Hailemariam D, Hashemiranjbar M, Manafiazar G, Stothard P, Plastow G. Milk metabolomics analyses of lactating dairy cows with divergent residual feed intake reveals physiological underpinnings and novel biomarkers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1146069. [PMID: 37091872 PMCID: PMC10113888 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1146069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunity to select for feed efficient cows has been limited by inability to cost-effectively record individual feed efficiency on an appropriate scale. This study investigated the differences in milk metabolite profiles between high- and low residual feed intake (RFI) categories and identified biomarkers of residual feed intake and models that can be used to predict residual feed intake in lactating Holsteins. Milk metabolomics analyses were undertaken at early, mid and late lactation stages and residual feed intake was calculated in 72 lactating dairy cows. Cows were ranked and grouped into high residual feed intake (RFI >0.5 SD above the mean, n = 20) and low residual feed intake (RFI <0.5 SD below the mean, n = 20). Milk metabolite profiles were compared between high residual feed intake (least efficient) and low residual feed intake (most efficient) groups. Results indicated that early lactation was predominantly characterized by significantly elevated levels of medium chain acyl carnitines and glycerophospholipids in high residual feed intake cows. Citrate cycle and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the associated pathways enriched with the significantly different metabolites in early lactation. At mid lactation short and medium chain acyl carnitines, glycerophospholipids and amino acids were the main metabolite groups differing according to residual feed intake category. Late lactation was mainly characterized by increased levels of amino acids in high residual feed intake cows. Amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis pathways were enriched for metabolites that differed between residual feed intake groups at the mid and late lactation stages. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified candidate biomarkers: decanoylcarnitine (area under the curve: AUC = 0.81), dodecenoylcarnitine (AUC = 0.81) and phenylalanine (AUC = 0.85) at early, mid and late stages of lactation, respectively. Furthermore, panels of metabolites predicted residual feed intake with validation coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.65, 0.37 and 0.60 at early, mid and late lactation stages, respectively. The study sheds light on lactation stage specific metabolic differences between high-residual feed intake and low-residual feed intake lactating dairy cows. Candidate biomarkers that distinguished divergent residual feed intake groups and panels of metabolites that predict individual residual feed intake phenotypes were identified. This result supports the potential of milk metabolites to select for more efficient cows given that traditional residual feed intake phenotyping is costly and difficult to conduct in commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnachew Hailemariam
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Dagnachew Hailemariam,
| | - Mohsen Hashemiranjbar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ghader Manafiazar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Animal Science and Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Kim M, Son GI, Cho YH, Kim GH, Yun SE, Kim YJ, Chung J, Lee E, Park JJ. Reduced branched-chain aminotransferase activity alleviates metabolic vulnerability caused by dim light exposure at night in Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2022:1-11. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2144292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ic Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Cho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- SRC Center for Systems Geroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Brister D, Rose S, Delhey L, Tippett M, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Metabolomic Signatures of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1727. [PMID: 36294866 PMCID: PMC9604590 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with many variations in metabolism, but the ex-act correlates of these metabolic disturbances with behavior and development and their links to other core metabolic disruptions are understudied. In this study, large-scale targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic analysis was conducted on fasting morning plasma samples from 57 children with ASD (29 with neurodevelopmental regression, NDR) and 37 healthy controls of similar age and gender. Linear model determined the metabolic signatures of ASD with and without NDR, measures of behavior and neurodevelopment, as well as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, redox, methylation, and mitochondrial metabolism. MetaboAnalyst ver 5.0 (the Wishart Research Group at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada) identified the pathways associated with altered metabolic signatures. Differences in histidine and glutathione metabolism as well as aromatic amino acid (AAA) biosynthesis differentiated ASD from controls. NDR was associated with disruption in nicotinamide and energy metabolism. Sleep and neurodevelopment were associated with energy metabolism while neurodevelopment was also associated with purine metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. While behavior was as-sociated with some of the same pathways as neurodevelopment, it was also associated with alternations in neurotransmitter metabolism. Alterations in methylation was associated with aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and nicotinamide metabolism. Alterations in glutathione metabolism was associated with changes in glycine, serine and threonine, BCAA and AAA metabolism. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were as-sociated with energy metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism was associated with alterations in energy metabolism and L-glutamine. Using behavioral and biochemical markers, this study finds convergent disturbances in specific metabolic pathways with ASD, particularly changes in energy, nicotinamide, neurotransmitters, and BCAA, as well as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Brister
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Shannon Rose
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Leanna Delhey
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Marie Tippett
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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18
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Ahmed RF, Nasr M, Abd Elbaset M, Hussein AF, Ahmed-Farid OAH, Shafee N, Shabana ME. Combating hematopoietic and hepatocellular abnormalities resulting from administration of cisplatin: Role of liver targeted glycyrrhetinic acid nanoliposomes loaded with amino acids. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:925-941. [PMID: 36168910 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2129687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of cisplatin in cancer treatment renders its use vital to clinicians. However, the accompanying side effects as cachexia, emesis and liver damage necessitate the use of a dietary supplement which is capable of hindering such undesirable complications. The branched chain amino acids as well as glutamine and arginine have been proven to be effective nutritional co-adjuvant therapeutic agents. Furthermore, new pharmaceutical approaches encompass designing organ-targeted nanoformulations to increase the medicinal efficacy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of liver-targeted amino acids-loaded nanoliposomes in counteracting the adverse hematopoietic and hepatic complications associated with cisplatin. Results revealed the use of the combination of two nanoliposomal formulations (one loading leucine + isolecuine + valine, and the other loading glutamine and arginine) given orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg for twelve days was effective against cisplatin-induced toxicities represented by improvement in the complete blood picture parameters, decrease in the serum hepatic enzymes levels, amelioration of the hepatic oxidative stress and cellular energy imbalance along with reduction in the histopathological abnormalities. It can be concluded that amino acids loaded nanoliposomes could be considered a new strategy in preventing cisplatin's adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Marawan Abd Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa F Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar A H Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 12553, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermin Shafee
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Shabana
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical studies Institute, National Research Centre, (ID: 60014618), Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Wang X, Xu J, Zeng H, Han Z. Enhancement of BCAT2-Mediated Valine Catabolism Stimulates β-Casein Synthesis via the AMPK-mTOR Signaling Axis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9898-9907. [PMID: 35916279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Valine, a kind of branched-chain amino acid, plays a regulatory role beyond that of a building block in milk protein synthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism through which valine stimulates β-casein synthesis has not been clarified. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of valine on β-casein synthesis and shed light into the molecular mechanism using an in vitro model. Results showed that valine supplementation significantly increased β-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Meanwhile, the supplementation of valine resulted in high levels of branched-chain aminotransferase transaminase 2 (BCAT2), TCA-cycle intermediate metabolites, and ATP, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of BCAT2 decreased the β-casein synthesis and downregulated the AMPK-mTOR pathway, with similar results observed for AMPK activation. Together, the present data indicate that valine promotes the synthesis of β-casein by affecting the AMPK-mTOR signaling axis and that BCAT2-mediated valine catabolism is the key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hanfang Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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20
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Pashaei S, Yarani R, Mohammadi P, Emami Aleagha MS. The potential roles of amino acids and their major derivatives in the management of multiple sclerosis. Amino Acids 2022; 54:841-858. [PMID: 35471671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reviewed the important role of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in different clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. In the current paper, we aimed to review the contribution of amino acids and their major derivatives to different clinical outcomes of the disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. In this line, Thr (threonine), Phe (phenylalanine), Glu (glutamate), Trp (tryptophan), and Sero (serotonin) are the main examples of biomolecules that have been suggested for MS therapy. It has been concluded that different amino acids and their derivatives might be considered prominent tools for the clinical management of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Pashaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Biology, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkhe-Ligeh Street, Kermanshah, Iran.
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21
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Paapstel K, Kals J. Metabolomics of Arterial Stiffness. Metabolites 2022; 12:370. [PMID: 35629874 PMCID: PMC9146333 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the earliest detectable signs of structural and functional alterations of the vessel wall and an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and death. The emerging field of metabolomics can be utilized to detect a wide spectrum of intermediates and products of metabolism in body fluids that can be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. Research over the past decade has reinforced this idea by linking AS to circulating acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and amino acids, among other metabolite species. Some of these metabolites influence AS through traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking), while others seem to act independently through both known and unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. We propose the term 'arteriometabolomics' to indicate the research that applies metabolomics methods to study AS. The 'arteriometabolomics' approach has the potential to allow more personalized cardiovascular risk stratification, disease monitoring, and treatment selection. One of its major goals is to uncover the causal metabolic pathways of AS. Such pathways could represent valuable treatment targets in vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Paapstel
- Endothelial Research Centre, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Endothelial Research Centre, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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22
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Central Nervous System Metabolism in Autism, Epilepsy and Developmental Delays: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050371. [PMID: 35629876 PMCID: PMC9148155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with metabolic pathway imbalances; however, most metabolic measurements are made peripherally, leaving central metabolic disturbances under-investigated. Cerebrospinal fluid obtained intraoperatively from children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 34), developmental delays (DD, n = 20), and those without known DD/ASD (n = 34) was analyzed using large-scale targeted mass spectrometry. Eighteen also had epilepsy (EPI). Metabolites significantly related to ASD, DD and EPI were identified by linear models and entered into metabolite–metabolite network pathway analysis. Common disrupted pathways were analyzed for each group of interest. Central metabolites most involved in metabolic pathways were L-cysteine, adenine, and dodecanoic acid for ASD; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, L-aspartic acid, and glycine for EPI; and adenosine triphosphate, L-glutamine, ornithine, L-arginine, L-lysine, citrulline, and L-homoserine for DD. Amino acid and energy metabolism pathways were most disrupted in all disorders, but the source of the disruption was different for each disorder. Disruption in vitamin and one-carbon metabolism was associated with DD and EPI, lipid pathway disruption was associated with EPI and redox metabolism disruption was related to ASD. Two microbiome metabolites were also detected in the CSF: shikimic and cis-cis-muconic acid. Overall, this study provides increased insight into unique metabolic disruptions in distinct but overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Wang X, Tsai T, Zuo B, Wei X, Deng F, Li Y, Maxwell CV, Yang H, Xiao Y, Zhao J. Donor age and body weight determine the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance, and fecal microbiota development in recipient pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:49. [PMID: 35399089 PMCID: PMC8996565 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied. Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’ fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown. Results In this study, we collected feces from six donors with heavy (H) or light (L) body weight and different ages (d 42, nursery; d 96, growing; and d 170, finisher) to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs. Generally, recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning (21 ± 2 days of age) inherited the donor’s growth pattern, while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW. FMT from heavier donors (NH, GH, and FH) led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts (NL, GL, and FL, respectively) throughout the growing and most finishing stages. This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium, ASV61 Faecalibacterium, ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified, ASV144 Bulleidia, and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage. Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage. FMT of older donors’ gut microbiota expedited recipients’ microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49, indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages. The age-associated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae, ASV211 Butyrivibrio, ASV416 Bacteroides, ASV2 Streptococcus, and ASV291 Veillonellaceae. The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid, lysine and methionine, mixed acid fermentation, expedited glycolysis, and sucrose/galactose degradation. Conclusions Overall, our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance, microbiota community shifts, and lower GI tract metabolic potentials. This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00696-1.
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Chrystal PV, Greenhalgh S, Macelline SP, Dorigam JCDP, Selle PH, Liu SY. A multivariate Box-Behnken assessment of elevated branched-chain amino acid concentrations in reduced crude protein diets offered to male broiler chickens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266080. [PMID: 35353869 PMCID: PMC8967063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a Box-Behnken assessment of elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), 13 nutritionally equivalent maize-based diets were offered to a total of 390 off-sex male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. The BCAA concentrations investigated in reduced-crude protein diets were 12.5, 15.5, 18.3 g/kg leucine (125, 155, 183); 8.9, 10.2, 12.5 g/kg valine (89, 102, 125) and 7.2, 8.9, 10.8 g/kg isoleucine (72, 89, 109), where their relativity to 11.0 g/kg digestible lysine are shown in parentheses. Determined parameters included growth performance, relative abdominal fat-pad weights, nutrient utilisation, apparent digestibility coefficients, disappearance rates of 16 amino acids and free amino acid systemic plasma concentrations. Increasing dietary leucine linearly depressed weight gain and quadratically influenced FCR where the estimated minimum FCR of 1.418 was with 14.99 g/kg leucine. Polynomial regression analysis and surface response curves of determined parameters were generated for significant (P < 0.05) BCAA variables, based on lack of fit (P > 0.005). Quadratic and cross-product responses were observed for weight gain, FCR, AME, AMEn, N retention and apparent digestibility of 13 amino acids. Relative fat-pad weights declined linearly with increasing isoleucine and valine. The lowest N retention was estimated at a combination of 15.25 and 10.50 g/kg leucine and valine respectively whilst the highest mean digestibility coefficient (0.793) of amino acids was estimated at a combination of 15.74 and 10.47 g/kg of leucine and valine respectively. The remaining parameter minima or maxima responses were not able to be determined since they were outside the extreme BCAA treatment levels. Increasing dietary BCAA significantly increased apparent ileal digestibilities and disappearance rates of BCAA. Systemic plasma concentrations of valine increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary valine but leucine was not influenced (P > 0.25). Systemic plasma concentration of isoleucine was maximised (P < 0.001) only when accompanied by elevated dietary leucine. Also, dietary treatments influenced (P < 0.05) apparent disappearance rates of all the essential amino acids analysed, with the exception of methionine. Whilst overall growth performance was not disadvantaged (P > 0.10) by elevated BCAA levels, compared with 2019 Ross 308 performance objectives, polynomial regression analysis suggested both interaction and antagonism between BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiva Greenhalgh
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shemil P. Macelline
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Peter H. Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Y. Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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The effect of Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2 supplementation on plasma amino acid levels and muscle strength in resistance trained males consuming whey protein: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2673-2685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Martins-Noguerol R, Matías L, Pérez-Ramos IM, Moreira X, Muñoz-Vallés S, Mancilla-Leytón JM, Francisco M, García-González A, DeAndrés-Gil C, Martínez-Force E, Millán-Linares MDC, Pedroche J, Figueroa ME, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Cambrollé J. Differences in nutrient composition of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) grown in different habitats and optimally controlled growing conditions. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Boemer F, Josse C, Luis G, Di Valentin E, Thiry J, Cello C, Caberg JH, Dadoumont C, Harvengt J, Lumaka A, Bours V, Debray FG. Novel Loss of Function Variant in BCKDK Causes a Treatable Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042253. [PMID: 35216372 PMCID: PMC8878489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids playing crucial roles in protein synthesis and brain neurotransmission. Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), the flux-generating step of BCAA catabolism, is tightly regulated by reversible phosphorylation of its E1α-subunit. BCKDK is the kinase responsible for the phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of BCKDH. In three siblings with severe developmental delays, microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder and epileptic encephalopathy, we identified a new homozygous in-frame deletion (c.999_1001delCAC; p.Thr334del) of BCKDK. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of BCAA were markedly reduced. Hyperactivity of BCKDH and over-consumption of BCAA were demonstrated by functional tests in cells transfected with the mutant BCKDK. Treatment with pharmacological doses of BCAA allowed the restoring of BCAA concentrations and greatly improved seizure control. Behavioral and developmental skills of the patients improved to a lesser extent. Importantly, a retrospective review of the newborn screening results allowed the identification of a strong decrease in BCAA concentrations on dried blood spots, suggesting that BCKDK is a new treatable metabolic disorder probably amenable to newborn screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Boemer
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (G.L.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-366-76-96; Fax: +32-4-366-84-74
| | - Claire Josse
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (C.J.); (J.T.)
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Recherche (GIGA-R), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Géraldine Luis
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (G.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Emmanuel Di Valentin
- Viral Vector Platform, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Recherche (GIGA-R), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Jérôme Thiry
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (C.J.); (J.T.)
| | - Christophe Cello
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (G.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Jean-Hubert Caberg
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | | | - Julie Harvengt
- Center of Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.H.); (V.B.)
| | - Aimé Lumaka
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Recherche (GIGA-R), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Vincent Bours
- Center of Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.H.); (V.B.)
| | - François-Guillaume Debray
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liege, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
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Kimura N, Kawahara T, Uemura Y, Atsumi T, Sumida T, Mimura T, Kawaguchi Y, Amano H, Iwasaki Y, Kaneko Y, Matsui T, Muro Y, Imura Y, Kanda T, Tanaka Y, Kawakami A, Jinnin M, Ishii T, Hiromura K, Miwa Y, Nakajima H, Kuwana M, Nishioka Y, Morinobu A, Kameda H, Kohsaka H. Branched chain amino acids in the treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis: a phase II/III, multi-center, randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4445-4454. [PMID: 35179548 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the treatment of PM/DM prior to official approval of their use in Japan. METHODS Treatment naïve adults with PM/DM were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial to receive either TK-98 (drug name of BCAAs) or placebo in addition to conventional treatment. After 12 weeks, patients with an average manual muscle test (MMT) score <9.5 were enrolled in an open label extension study for a further 12 weeks. The primary end point was the change of the MMT score at 12 weeks. The secondary end points were the clinical response and the change of functional index (FI). RESULTS Forty-seven patients were randomized either to the TK-98 (n = 24) or placebo (n = 23) groups. The changes of MMT scores at 12 weeks were 0.70±0.19 (mean±SEM) and 0.69±0.18, respectively (P = 0.98). Thirteen patients from the TK-98 group and 12 from the placebo group were enrolled in the extension study. The MMT scores in both groups improved similarly. The increase of the FI scores of the shoulder flexion at 12 weeks was significantly greater in the TK-98 group (27.9±5.67 vs. 12.8±5.67 for the right shoulder flexion, and 27.0±5.44 vs. 13.4±5.95 for the left shoulder [P < 0.05]). Frequencies of adverse events upto 12 weeks were similar. CONCLUSION BCAAs showed no effect on the improvement of the muscle strength evaluated by MMT and the clinical response. However, they were partly effective for improving dynamic repetitive muscle functions. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/, UMIN000016233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kimura
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawahara
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mimura
- Department of Rheumatology and Applied Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Amano
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine,Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Iwasaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsui
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ishii
- Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine,Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miwa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideto Kameda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kohsaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Rheumatology Center, Chiba-Nishi General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
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Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Lin YQ, Chen LN, Chen MT, Huang CC. Effects of Perch Essence Supplementation on Improving Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031155. [PMID: 35162178 PMCID: PMC8834868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) has many nutrition and health benefits, being a rich source of macro and micronutrients, phospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a variety of essential minerals while having a high protein content. In addition to direct consumption, it is often made into a soup as an important nutritional supplement for strengthening the body and delaying fatigue. By extracting the essence, its quality can be controlled, and it is convenient to supplement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Santé premium silver perch essence (SPSPE) on improving exercise performance and anti-fatigue. Fifty male institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): (1) vehicle (vehicle control or water only), (2) isocaloric (0.93 g casein/kg/mice/day), (3) SPSPE-1X (0.99 g/kg/mice/day), (4) SPSPE-2X (1.98 g/kg/mice/day), and (5) SPSPE-5X (4.95 g/kg/mice/day). A sample or an equal volume of liquid was fed orally for four consecutive weeks. Grip strength and swimming exhaustion tests were used as exercise performance assessments. After 10 and 90 min of unloaded swimming, biochemical parameters of fatigue were evaluated. We found that supplementation with SPSPE for four consecutive weeks could significantly improve mice’s grip strength, exercise endurance performance, and glycogen content (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced post-exercise fatigue biochemical parameters, such as lactate, blood ammonia (NH3), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, and muscle damage index creatine kinase (CK) activity (p < 0.05). In summary, supplementation with SPSPE for 4 weeks could effectively improve exercise performance, reduce sports fatigue, and accelerate fatigue recovery. In addition, it did not cause any physiological or histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yu-Qian Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Ling-Ni Chen
- Anyong Biotechnology, Inc., Kaohsiung City 827, Taiwan;
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2619)
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Kim WK, Singh AK, Wang J, Applegate T. Functional role of branched chain amino acids in poultry: a review. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101715. [PMID: 35299066 PMCID: PMC8927823 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the effects of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) on the growth, production performance, immunity, and intestinal health of poultry. Besides providing nitrogen substrates and carbon framework for energy homeostasis and transamination, BCAA also function as signaling molecules in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and protein synthesis via protein kinase B and as a mechanistic target of the rapamycin (AKT-mTOR) signaling pathway that is important for muscle accretion. The level of leucine is generally high in cereals and an imbalance in the ratio among the 3 BCAA in a low protein diet would produce a negative effect on poultry growth performance. This occurs due to the structural similarity of the 3 BCAA, which leads to metabolic competition and interference with the enzymatic degradation pathway. Emerging evidence shows that the inclusion of BCAA is essential for the proper functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system and the maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity. The recommended levels of BCAA for poultry are outlined by NRC (1994), but commercial broilers and laying hen breed standards also determine their own recommended levels. In this review, it has been noted that the requirement for BCAA is influenced by the diet type, breed, and age of the birds. Additionally, several studies focused on the effects of BCAA in low protein diets as a strategy to reduce nitrogen excretion. Notably, there is limited research on the inclusion ratio of BCAA in a supplemental form as compared to the ingredient-bound form which would affect the dynamics of utilization in different disease-challenged conditions, especially those affecting digesta passage ratio. In summary, this review encompasses the role of BCAA as functional AA and discusses their physiological effects on the productivity and health of poultry. The observations and interpretations of this review can guide future research to adjust the recommended levels of BCAA in feeding programs in the absence of subtherapeutic antibiotics in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Todd Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Wang J, Wang Y, Song W, Liang S, Guo C, Ma X, Li G. Dynamic changes and early predictive value of branched-chain amino acids in gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000296. [PMID: 36313758 PMCID: PMC9614652 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their roles in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still controversial. This study aims to explore the dynamic changes of BCAAs during pregnancy and identify potential early biomarkers for GDM. METHODS This study is a nested case-control study involved 49 women with GDM and 50 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy pregnant women. The dynamic changes of valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile), and leucine (Leu) were detected in the first (8-12 weeks) and second trimesters (24-28 weeks) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Serum Val, Ile, and Leu were higher in GDM patients than in controls in the first trimester. Compared with the first trimester, the serum Val, Ile, and Leu in GDM patients were decreased in the second trimester. In addition, Val, Ile, and Leu in the first trimester were the risk factors for GDM, and Ile presented a high predictive value for GDM. Ile + age (≥ 35) + BMI (≥ 24) exhibited the highest predictive value for GDM (AUC = 0.902, sensitivity = 93.9%, specificity = 80%). CONCLUSION Maternal serum Ile in the first trimester was a valuable biomarker for GDM. Ile combined with advanced maternal age and overweight may be used for the early prediction of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuimei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Ma, ; Guanghui Li,
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Ma, ; Guanghui Li,
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Chen YZ, Zhang LJ, Ding LY, Zhang YY, Wang XS, Qiao XJ, Pan BZ, Wang ZW, Xu N, Tao HC. Sustainable treatment of nitrate-containing wastewater by an autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 9:100146. [PMID: 36157854 PMCID: PMC9487994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are key denitrifiers in the reduction of nitrate (NO3 --N), which is a contaminant in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). They can also produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, the autotrophic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Rhodoblastus sp. TH20 was isolated for sustainable treatment of NO3 --N in wastewater. Efficient removal of NO3 --N and recovery of biomass nitrogen were achieved. Up to 99% of NO3 --N was removed without accumulation of nitrite and N2O, consuming CO2 of 3.25 mol for each mole of NO3 --N removed. The overall removal rate of NO3 --N reached 1.1 mg L-1 h-1 with a biomass content of approximately 0.71 g L-1 within 72 h. TH20 participated in NO3 --N assimilation and aerobic denitrification. Results from 15N-labeled-nitrate test indicated that removed NO3 --N was assimilated into organic nitrogen, showing an assimilation efficiency of 58%. Seventeen amino acids were detected, accounting for 43% of the biomass. Nitrogen loss through aerobic denitrification was only approximately 42% of total nitrogen. This study suggests that TH20 can be applied in WWTP facilities for water purification and production of valuable biomass to mitigate CO2 and N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ling-Yun Ding
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Manassas, 20147, Virginia, USA
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hu-Chun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author.
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Jung MK, Okekunle AP, Lee JE, Sung MK, Lim YJ. Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:237-243. [PMID: 35047449 PMCID: PMC8749315 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), isoleucine, leucine and valine, are essential amino acids with vital roles in protein synthesis and energy production. We reviewed the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in advanced cancer patients. BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signalling molecules, which activate mechanisms ranging from protein synthesis to insulin secretion. Recently, BCAA metabolism has been suggested to contribute to cancer progression. Of particular interest is the modulation of the mTOR activity by BCAAs. There are likely multiple pathways involved in BCAA metabolism implicated in carcinogenesis. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying altered BCAAs metabolism will significantly advance the current understanding of nutrient involvement in carcinogenesis and direct future studies to unravel the significance of BCCA metabolites in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Brown CLJ, Zaytsoff SJM, Montina T, Inglis GD. Corticosterone-Mediated Physiological Stress Alters Liver, Kidney, and Breast Muscle Metabolomic Profiles in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113056. [PMID: 34827788 PMCID: PMC8614290 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corticosterone is the major stress hormone in birds and research has shown that an increase in corticosterone can have adverse effects on bird health (e.g., predisposition to disease) production performance metrics. However, it is not currently possible to monitor commercial flocks for stress before performance is affected. A popular model of chicken stress involves administering corticosterone to chickens though their drinking water. However, corticosterone is non-polar so it must first be dissolved in ethanol, which means that the chickens are also drinking ethanol. In this study, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the effects of this model of stress in chickens, as well as the effects corticosterone on the chicken kidney, liver, and breast muscle metabolomes. We hypothesized that physiological stress modulates the metabolome of liver, kidney, and breast muscle due to increases in catabolism and gluconeogenesis. The administration of corticosterone altered the chicken liver, kidney, and breast muscle metabolomes. However, the ethanol carrier affected the metabolome of all three tissues, which indicated that corticosterone should be administered in an alternate fashion in future metabolomics studies to remove the confounding effects of ethanol. Furthermore, future research should focus on relating metabolite changes in tissues to non-destructive markers like blood, feces, or feathers to develop new diagnostic tools to better monitor on-farm stress during production. Abstract The impact of physiological stress on the metabolomes of liver, kidney, and breast muscle was investigated in chickens. To incite a stress response, birds were continuously administered corticosterone (CORT) in their drinking water at three doses (0, 10, and 30 mg L−1), and they were sampled 1, 5, and 12 days after the start of the CORT administration. To solubilize CORT, it was first dissolved in ethanol and then added to water. The administration of ethanol alone significantly altered branched chain amino acid metabolism in both the liver and the kidney, and amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in breast muscle. CORT significantly altered sugar and amino acid metabolism in all three tissues, but to a much greater degree than ethanol alone. In this regard, CORT administration significantly altered 11, 46, and 14 unique metabolites in liver, kidney, and breast muscle, respectively. Many of the metabolites that were affected by CORT administration, such as mannose and glucose, were previously linked to increases in glycosylation and gluconeogenesis in chickens under conditions of production stress. Moreover, several of these metabolites, such as dimethylglycine, galactose, and carnosine were also previously linked to reduced quality meat. In summary, the administration of CORT in chickens significantly modulated host metabolism. Moreover, results indicated that energy potentials are diverted from muscle anabolism to muscle catabolism and gluconeogenesis during periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. J. Brown
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Sarah J. M. Zaytsoff
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Science Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (G.D.I.); Tel.: +1-403-394-3927 (T.M.); +1-403-317-3355 (G.D.I.)
| | - G. Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (G.D.I.); Tel.: +1-403-394-3927 (T.M.); +1-403-317-3355 (G.D.I.)
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Regulation of Milk Protein Synthesis by Free and Peptide-Bound Amino Acids in Dairy Cows. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101044. [PMID: 34681143 PMCID: PMC8533557 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein (MP) synthesis in the mammary gland of dairy cows is a complex biological process. As the substrates for protein synthesis, amino acids (AAs) are the most important nutrients for milk synthesis. Free AAs (FAAs) are the main precursors of MP synthesis, and their supplies are supplemented by peptide-bound AAs (PBAAs) in the blood. Utilization of AAs in the mammary gland of dairy cows has attracted the great interest of researchers because of the goal of increasing MP yield. Supplying sufficient and balanced AAs is critical to improve MP concentration and yield in dairy cows. Great progress has been made in understanding limiting AAs and their requirements for MP synthesis in dairy cows. This review focuses on the effects of FAA and PBAA supply on MP synthesis and their underlying mechanisms. Advances in our knowledge in the field can help us to develop more accurate models to predict dietary protein requirements for dairy cows MP synthesis, which will ultimately improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency and lactation performance of dairy cows.
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Wang Y, Ning Y, Yuan C, Cui B, Liu G, Zhang Z. The protective mechanism of a debranched corn starch/konjac glucomannan composite against dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet induced type 2 diabetes. Food Funct 2021; 12:9273-9285. [PMID: 34606538 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protection mechanism of a debranched corn starch/konjac glucomannan (DCSK) composite against type 2 diabetes (T2D) related to dyslipidemia and gut microbiota in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that the consumption of DCSK led to a significant improvement in the biochemical parameters and physiological indices associated with T2D in the HFD group, including the decrease in blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as the suppression of the oxidative stress of the liver and kidneys. Furthermore, the health of the intestinal microbiota in the HFD-fed mice was altered dramatically after DCSK consumption. Metabolomics revealed 13 differential metabolites strongly linked to DCSK intervention, and DCSK supplementation regulated amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. These findings demonstrated that DCSK has an outstanding ability to improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and gut microbiota associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Grain and Oil, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuejia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China. .,School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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Kerckhof FM, Sakarika M, Van Giel M, Muys M, Vermeir P, De Vrieze J, Vlaeminck SE, Rabaey K, Boon N. From Biogas and Hydrogen to Microbial Protein Through Co-Cultivation of Methane and Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:733753. [PMID: 34527661 PMCID: PMC8435580 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.733753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing efforts are directed towards the development of sustainable alternative protein sources among which microbial protein (MP) is one of the most promising. Especially when waste streams are used as substrates, the case for MP could become environmentally favorable. The risks of using organic waste streams for MP production-the presence of pathogens or toxicants-can be mitigated by their anaerobic digestion and subsequent aerobic assimilation of the (filter-sterilized) biogas. Even though methane and hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (MOB and HOB) have been intensively studied for MP production, the potential benefits of their co-cultivation remain elusive. Here, we isolated a diverse group of novel HOB (that were capable of autotrophic metabolism), and co-cultured them with a defined set of MOB, which could be grown on a mixture of biogas and H2/O2. The combination of MOB and HOB, apart from the CH4 and CO2 contained in biogas, can also enable the valorization of the CO2 that results from the oxidation of methane by the MOB. Different MOB and HOB combinations were grown in serum vials to identify the best-performing ones. We observed synergistic effects on growth for several combinations, and in all combinations a co-culture consisting out of both HOB and MOB could be maintained during five days of cultivation. Relative to the axenic growth, five out of the ten co-cultures exhibited 1.1-3.8 times higher protein concentration and two combinations presented 2.4-6.1 times higher essential amino acid content. The MP produced in this study generally contained lower amounts of the essential amino acids histidine, lysine and threonine, compared to tofu and fishmeal. The most promising combination in terms of protein concentration and essential amino acid profile was Methyloparacoccus murrelli LMG 27482 with Cupriavidus necator LMG 1201. Microbial protein from M. murrelli and C. necator requires 27-67% less quantity than chicken, whole egg and tofu, while it only requires 15% more quantity than the amino acid-dense soybean to cover the needs of an average adult. In conclusion, while limitations still exist, the co-cultivation of MOB and HOB creates an alternative route for MP production leveraging safe and sustainably-produced gaseous substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Gent, Belgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Gent, Belgium
| | - Marie Van Giel
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Gent, Belgium
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Gent, Belgium
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Păucean A, Mureșan V, Maria-Man S, Chiș MS, Mureșan AE, Șerban LR, Pop A, Muste S. Metabolomics as a Tool to Elucidate the Sensory, Nutritional and Safety Quality of Wheat Bread-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168945. [PMID: 34445648 PMCID: PMC8396194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most extensively cultivated and used staple crops in human nutrition, while wheat bread is annually consumed in more than nine billion kilograms over the world. Consumers’ purchase decisions on wheat bread are largely influenced by its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. In the last decades, metabolomics is considered an effective tool for elucidating the information on metabolites; however, the deep investigations on metabolites still remain a difficult and longtime action. This review gives emphasis on the achievements in wheat bread metabolomics by highlighting targeted and untargeted analyses used in this field. The metabolomics approaches are discussed in terms of quality, processing and safety of wheat and bread, while the molecular mechanisms involved in the sensorial and nutritional characteristics of wheat bread are pointed out. These aspects are of crucial importance in the context of new consumers’ demands on healthy bakery products rich in bioactive compounds but, equally, with good sensorial acceptance. Moreover, metabolomics is a potential tool for assessing the changes in nutrient composition from breeding to processing, while monitoring and understanding the transformations of metabolites with bioactive properties, as well as the formation of compounds like toxins during wheat storage.
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Diet-induced dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome in early life programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Res 2021; 168:3-19. [PMID: 33992660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maternal gut microbiome plays a critical role in fetal and early postnatal development, shaping fundamental processes including immune maturation and brain development, among others. Consequently, it also contributes to fetal programming of health and disease. Over the last decade, epidemiological studies and work in preclinical animal models have begun to uncover a link between dysbiosis of the maternal gut microbiome and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by both genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions; however, clinical heterogeneity, phenotypic variability, and comorbidities make identification of underlying mechanisms difficult. Among environmental factors, exposure to maternal obesity in utero confers a significant increase in risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Obesogenic diets in humans, non-human primates, and rodents induce functional modifications in maternal gut microbiome composition, which animal studies suggest are causally related to adverse mental health outcomes in offspring. Here, we review evidence linking maternal diet-induced gut dysbiosis to neurodevelopmental disorders and discuss how it could affect pre- and early postnatal brain development. We are hopeful that this burgeoning field of research will revolutionize antenatal care by leading to accessible prophylactic strategies, such as prenatal probiotics, to improve mental health outcomes in children affected by maternal diet-induced obesity.
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Saengsuk N, Laohakunjit N, Sanporkha P, Kaisangsri N, Selamassakul O, Ratanakhanokchai K, Uthairatanakij A. Physicochemical characteristics and textural parameters of restructured pork steaks hydrolysed with bromelain. Food Chem 2021; 361:130079. [PMID: 34033991 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic tenderisation including bromelain enhances underused cuts of meat in emerged restructuring technology. Physicochemical and textural characteristics of restructured pork steak hydrolysed with bromelain for masticatory dysfunction people were evaluated. Restructured pork steak treated with bromelain at 0.05 and 0.1% (w/w) was hydrolysed at 50 °C for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 min. The cooking losses of 0.05% (w/w) bromelain for 0, 3 and 6 min were lower than 0.1% (w/w) bromelain samples. The ΔE increased after increasing the enzyme concentration and hydrolysis time. Bromelain-treated samples at higher concentrations showed lower WBSF, KSF and TPA parameters, but cohesiveness of 0.05% (w/w) had higher than 0.1% (w/w) bromelain samples. Total protein, sarcoplasmic protein solubility, TCA-soluble peptide, total collagen and soluble collagen contents were the highest in 0.1% (w/w) bromelain-treated samples for 12 min (P < 0.05). According to SDS-PAGE and SEM, various proteins in the enzyme-treated samples were degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachomkamon Saengsuk
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tientalay 25 Rd., Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Natta Laohakunjit
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tientalay 25 Rd., Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Promluck Sanporkha
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public of Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Rd., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Kaisangsri
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tientalay 25 Rd., Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Orrapun Selamassakul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tientalay 25 Rd., Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tientalay 25 Rd., Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Uthairatanakij
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tientalay 25 Rd., Takham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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de Meeûs d’Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Oosterlinck M, van de Winkel D, De Spiegelaere W, de Bruijn CM, Goethals K, Vanderperren K, Delesalle CJG. Flexibility of equine bioenergetics and muscle plasticity in response to different types of training: An integrative approach, questioning existing paradigms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249922. [PMID: 33848308 PMCID: PMC8043414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine bioenergetics have predominantly been studied focusing on glycogen and fatty acids. Combining omics with conventional techniques allows for an integrative approach to broadly explore and identify important biomolecules. Friesian horses were aquatrained (n = 5) or dry treadmill trained (n = 7) (8 weeks) and monitored for: evolution of muscle diameter in response to aquatraining and dry treadmill training, fiber type composition and fiber cross-sectional area of the M. pectoralis, M. vastus lateralis and M. semitendinosus and untargeted metabolomics of the M. pectoralis and M. vastus lateralis in response to dry treadmill training. Aquatraining was superior to dry treadmill training to increase muscle diameter in the hindquarters, with maximum effect after 4 weeks. After dry treadmill training, the M. pectoralis showed increased muscle diameter, more type I fibers, decreased fiber mean cross sectional area, and an upregulated oxidative metabolic profile: increased β-oxidation (key metabolites: decreased long chain fatty acids and increased long chain acylcarnitines), TCA activity (intermediates including succinyl-carnitine and 2-methylcitrate), amino acid metabolism (glutamine, aromatic amino acids, serine, urea cycle metabolites such as proline, arginine and ornithine) and xenobiotic metabolism (especially p-cresol glucuronide). The M. vastus lateralis expanded its fast twitch profile, with decreased muscle diameter, type I fibers and an upregulation of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway activity, and increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism (cis-urocanate, carnosine, homocarnosine, tyrosine, tryptophan, p-cresol-glucuronide, serine, methionine, cysteine, proline and ornithine). Trained Friesians showed increased collagen and elastin turn-over. Results show that branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids and microbiome-derived xenobiotics need further study in horses. They feed the TCA cycle at steps further downstream from acetyl CoA and most likely, they are oxidized in type IIA fibers, the predominant fiber type of the horse. These study results underline the importance of reviewing existing paradigms on equine bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance de Meeûs d’Argenteuil
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Berit Boshuizen
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Klara Goethals
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Research Group Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Cathérine John Ghislaine Delesalle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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42
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Schmidt C, Wehsling M, Le Mignon M, Wille G, Rey Y, Schnellbaecher A, Zabezhinsky D, Fischer M, Zimmer A. Lactoyl leucine and isoleucine are bioavailable alternatives for canonical amino acids in cell culture media. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3395-3408. [PMID: 33738790 PMCID: PMC8453549 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands for protein-based therapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, bispecific molecules, and antibody fragments require researchers to constantly find innovative solutions. To increase yields and decrease costs of next generation bioprocesses, highly concentrated cell culture media formulations are developed but often limited by the low solubility of amino acids such as tyrosine, cystine, leucine, and isoleucine, in particular at physiological pH. This study sought to investigate highly soluble and bioavailable derivatives of leucine and isoleucine that are applicable for fed-batch processes. N-lactoyl-leucine and N-lactoyl-isoleucine sodium salts were tested in cell culture media and proved to be beneficial to increase the overall solubility of cell culture media formulations. These modified amino acids proved to be bioavailable for various Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and were suitable for replacement of canonical amino acids in cell culture feeds. The quality of the final recombinant protein was studied in bioprocesses using the derivatives, and the mechanism of cleavage was investigated in CHO cells. Altogether, both N-lactoyl amino acids represent an advantageous alternative to canonical amino acids to develop highly concentrated cell culture media formulations to support next generation bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregor Wille
- Merck Life Science, Process Development, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Rey
- Merck Life Science, Process Development, Buchs, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Markus Fischer
- Merck Life Science, Process Development, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - Aline Zimmer
- Merck Life Science, Upstream R&D, Darmstadt, Germany
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43
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Martins-Noguerol R, Cambrollé J, Mancilla-Leytón JM, Puerto-Marchena A, Muñoz-Vallés S, Millán-Linares MC, Millán F, Martínez-Force E, Figueroa ME, Pedroche J, Moreno-Pérez AJ. Influence of soil salinity on the protein and fatty acid composition of the edible halophyte Halimione portulacoides. Food Chem 2021; 352:129370. [PMID: 33652199 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the worldwide population continues to rise, so does global demand for agricultural production. This scenario of uncertain food supply is exacerbated by the high salinization of soils worldwide, a serious constraint to crop productivity. In this context, there is an increasing need for alternative sustainable crops. Halophytes are thought to be a promising alternative food source due to their natural ability to grow in saline soils and their multiple potential uses in the food industry. In this study, the protein and fatty acid content of the halophyte Halimione (Atriplex) portulacoides (L.) was studied in different saline conditions. Although more studies are needed to explore the nutritional properties of H. portulacoides, the data presented here suggest that this halophyte should be considered as a promising food crop for saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martins-Noguerol
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Cambrollé
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - A Puerto-Marchena
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Muñoz-Vallés
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - M C Millán-Linares
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
| | - F Millán
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
| | - E Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
| | - M E Figueroa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Pedroche
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
| | - A J Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain.
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44
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Metabolic Changes in Serum Metabolome of Beagle Dogs Fed Black Ginseng. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120517. [PMID: 33352805 PMCID: PMC7765939 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of black ginseng, which has many kinds of biological activities, on dogs was investigated. Serum samples of beagle dogs, which were fed with black ginseng for 8 weeks, were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Acquired NMR data from the serum of dogs fed for 0, 4, and 8 weeks were analyzed by metabolic profiling and multivariate statistical analysis. In statistical analysis and biomarker analysis results of metabolite profiles, formate, glutamine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, and valine had variable importance in projection (VIP) scores above 1.0 and excellent area under the curve (AUC) values of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves above 0.9. In the result of multivariate statistical analysis, the score plot showed the discrimination between before and after feeding of black ginseng. These differences in metabolic profiles are considered to be due to the involvement of metabolic processes following black ginseng administration, such as enhancing immunity and energy metabolism. Through metabolomics analysis, we confirmed the biological efficacy of black ginseng in dogs and also confirmed that metabolomics can be applied to the pet health industry.
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45
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Serum Metabolite Biomarkers for Predicting Residual Feed Intake (RFI) of Young Angus Bulls. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120491. [PMID: 33266049 PMCID: PMC7759889 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a feed efficiency measure commonly used in the livestock industry to identify animals that efficiently/inefficiently convert feed into meat or body mass. Selection for low-residual feed intake (LRFI), or feed efficient animals, is gaining popularity among beef producers due to the fact that LRFI cattle eat less and produce less methane per unit weight gain. RFI is a difficult and time-consuming measure to perform, and therefore a simple blood test that could distinguish high-RFI (HRFI) from LRFI animals (early on) would potentially benefit beef farmers in terms of optimizing production or selecting which animals to cull or breed. Using three different metabolomics platforms (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) we successfully identified serum biomarkers for RFI that could potentially be translated to an RFI blood test. One set of predictive RFI biomarkers included formate and leucine (best for NMR), and another set included C4 (butyrylcarnitine) and LysoPC(28:0) (best for LC-MS/MS). These serum biomarkers have high sensitivity and specificity (AUROC > 0.85), for distinguishing HRFI from LRFI animals. These results suggest that serum metabolites could be used to inexpensively predict and categorize bovine RFI values. Further validation using a larger, more diverse cohort of cattle is required to confirm these findings.
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Machado M, Machado S, Pimentel FB, Freitas V, Alves RC, Oliveira MBPP. Amino Acid Profile and Protein Quality Assessment of Macroalgae Produced in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101382. [PMID: 33003638 PMCID: PMC7600167 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are a recognized source of bioactive compounds and techno-functional ingredients. However, its protein fraction is still underexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the total and free amino acid profile and protein content of four seaweeds species (Porphyra dioica, Porphyra umbilicalis,Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Ulva rigida) produced in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system, while assessing their protein quality. Samples were submitted to acid and alkaline hydrolysis (total amino acids) and to an aqueous extraction (free amino acids) followed by an automated online derivatization procedure, and analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Protein-, non-protein and total-nitrogen were quantified by the Kjeldahl method. Crude and true protein contents were estimated based on the nitrogen and amino acid composition. Protein quality was assessed based on the amino acids profile. Porphyra species presented the highest protein content compared to the remaining three seaweed species tested. All samples presented a complete profile of essential amino acids and a high quality protein profile, according to World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization standards. Methionine and tryptophan were the first limiting amino acids in all species. Red species (Porphyra and Gracilaria) presented high levels of free alanine, glutamic, and aspartic acids. The results highlight the potential of using seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of protein and amino acids for human nutrition and industrial food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Machado
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (S.M.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Susana Machado
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (S.M.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
| | - Filipa B. Pimentel
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (S.M.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.P.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Victor Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita C. Alves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (S.M.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
- Correspondence: (F.B.P.); (R.C.A.)
| | - M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (S.M.); (M.B.P.P.O.)
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Briz-Cid N, Pose-Juan E, Nicoletti M, Simal-Gándara J, Fasoli E, Rial-Otero R. Influence of tetraconazole on the proteome profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lalvin T73™ strain. J Proteomics 2020; 227:103915. [PMID: 32711165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the modifications on the proteome profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73™ strain as a consequence of its adaptive response to the presence of tetraconazole molecules in the fermentation medium. Pasteurised grape juices were separately supplemented with tetraconazole or a commercial formulation containing 12.5% w/v of tetraconazole at two concentration levels. In addition, experiments without fungicides were developed for comparative purposes. Proteome profiles of yeasts cultured in the presence or absence of fungicide molecules were different. Independently of the fungicide treatment applied, the highest variations concerning the control sample were observed for those proteins involved in metabolic processes, especially in the metabolism of nitrogen compounds. Tetraconazole molecules altered the abundance of several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, and ergosterol. Moreover, differences in the abundance of several enzymes of the TCA cycle were found. Changes observed were different between the active substance and the commercial formulation. SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of fungicide residues in grape juice has direct implications on the development of the aromatic profile of the wine. These alterations could be related to changes in the secondary metabolism of yeasts. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of yeasts to fungicide residues remains quite unexplored. Through this exhaustive proteomic study, alterations in the amino acids biosynthesis pathways due to the presence of the tetraconazole molecules were observed. Amino acids are precursors of some important higher alcohols and ethyl acetates (such as methionol, 2-phenylethanol, isoamyl alcohol or 2-phenylacetate). Besides, the effect of tetraconazole on the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway could be related to a higher production of medium-chain fatty acids and their corresponding ethyl acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Briz-Cid
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA-Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus Auga, University of Vigo, 32004-Ourense, Spain
| | - Eva Pose-Juan
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA-Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus Auga, University of Vigo, 32004-Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Nicoletti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA-Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus Auga, University of Vigo, 32004-Ourense, Spain
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20131, Italy.
| | - Raquel Rial-Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA-Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus Auga, University of Vigo, 32004-Ourense, Spain.
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Wu X, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park S. Chitosan alleviated menopausal symptoms and modulated the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient rats. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1907-1919. [PMID: 32910260 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause disturbs energy, glucose, and lipid metabolisms and changes the composition of the gut microbiota, but dietary fibers without phytoestrogens may ameliorate menopausal metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to assess whether consuming the prebiotics chitosan and citrus pectin can improve postmenopausal symptoms, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanism of action was examined. METHODS The OVX rats were given 4.5% cellulose (OVX-Control), chitosan (OVX-Chitosan), or citrus pectin (OVX-Pectin) in a 43% fat diet and the sham rats were given the same diet as the OVX-Control for 12 weeks. Sham-operated rats had the same diet as OVX-Control (Normal-Control). Body-weight, visceral fat mass, tail skin temperature, serum 17β-estradiol, glucose intolerance, and insulin tolerance were determined. Gut microbiota in the fecal samples was measured by NGS and analyzed with PICRUSt2. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolomic characteristics of serum were also measured with UPLC-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Chitosan and citrus pectin were selected because the incubation of rat feces with these two prebiotics in vitro had shown increased butyrate production. OVX-Chitosan reduced the weight, visceral fat content, and tail skin temperature, and OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin improved glucose tolerance, compared to the OVX-Control. Both alleviated dyslipidemia, compared to the OVX-Control. OVX-Chitosan and OVX-Pectin elevated serum propionate and butyrate concentrations but only OVX-Chitosan lowered serum acetate concentrations. In PICRUSt2, chitosan upregulated the functional genes of gut microbiota involved in valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, whereas the OVX-Control exhibited significantly upregulated lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. OVX-Pectin exhibited increased α-diversity in the fecal bacteria. Metabolomic analysis revealed higher serum urate concentrations in the OVX-Control group than the other groups, and serum arginine and leucine concentrations were higher in the OVX-Chitosan group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chitosan and citrus pectin consumptions improved menopausal symptoms by improving the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and serum metabolites and SCFA originating from fecal bacteria. Chitosan was more effective for improving menopausal symptoms than citrus pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuangao Wu
- Department. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functional Research Division, Korea Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korea Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 165 Sechul-Ri, BaeBang-Yup, Asan-Si, ChungNam-Do, 336-795, South Korea.
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49
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Antonelo D, Gómez JFM, Cônsolo NRB, Beline M, Colnago LA, Schilling W, Zhang X, Suman SP, Gerrard DE, Balieiro JC, Silva SL. Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Correlated With Beef Tenderness. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.10854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profile has been used to understand the causes of variability in beef tenderness, but still little is known about how metabolites contribute to beef quality. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate how meat metabolites and their metabolic pathways correlate to variability in beef tenderness. Carcasses from 60 noncastrated male cattle were selected, and three 2.5-cm-thick longissimus thoracis steaks were obtained and aged (0°C to 4°C) for 7d. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was performed (steak 1). Based on WBSF data, 2 tenderness classes (n = 30; 15 per class [tender and tough]) were created to perform sarcomere length (steak 2) and metabolom ic analysis (steak 3). Meat ultimate pH did not differ between tenderness classes. However, steaks classified as tender had greater sarcomere length (P = 0.019) than those classified as tough. Acetyl-carnitine (P = 0.026), adenine (P = 0.026), beta-alanine (P = 0.005), fumarate (P = 0.022), glutamine (P = 0.043), and valine (P = 0.030) concentration were higher in tender beef compared with tough beef. The 4 most important compounds differing between tender and tough beef were lactate, glucose, creatine, and glutamine, which may indicate that metabolic pathways such as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle affected the tenderness classes. Beta-alanine (r = − 0.45), acetyl-carnitine (r = − 0.40), fumarate (r = − 0.38), valine (r = − 0.34), glucose (r = − 0.32), glutamine (r = − 0.31), and adenine (r = −0.31) were negatively correlated with WBSF values. Metabolite profile in tender beef indicated a greater oxidative metabolism, which promoted modifications in the muscle structure and proteolysis, favoring its tenderization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wes Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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50
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Verdugo-Meza A, Ye J, Dadlani H, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. Connecting the Dots Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Metabolic Syndrome: A Focus on Gut-Derived Metabolites. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051434. [PMID: 32429195 PMCID: PMC7285036 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in health and disease has gained considerable attention and shed light on the etiology of complex diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since the microorganisms inhabiting the gut can confer either protective or harmful signals, understanding the functional network between the gut microbes and the host provides a comprehensive picture of health and disease status. In IBD, disruption of the gut barrier enhances microbe infiltration into the submucosae, which enhances the probability that gut-derived metabolites are translocated from the gut to the liver and pancreas. Considering inflammation and the gut microbiome can trigger intestinal barrier dysfunction, risk factors of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance may have common roots with IBD. In this review, we focus on the overlap between IBD and MetS, and we explore the role of common metabolites in each disease in an attempt to connect a common origin, the gut microbiome and derived metabolites that affect the gut, liver and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Verdugo-Meza
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.L.G.); Tel.: +1250-807-8790 (D.L.G.)
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (D.L.G.); Tel.: +1250-807-8790 (D.L.G.)
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