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Khurana A, Taksande A, Meshram RJ. Beyond Boundaries: A Comprehensive Review of Anthropometric Indices in Urban and Rural India. Cureus 2024; 16:e53944. [PMID: 38468989 PMCID: PMC10925898 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines anthropometric indices in the context of urban and rural India, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between lifestyle, socio-economic factors, and environmental influences on health outcomes. Analyzing indicators such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), the study reveals distinct disparities between urban and rural populations. While rural areas face the challenges of undernutrition and stunting, urban environments grapple with the escalating prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases. The implications for public health underscore the need for tailored interventions, encompassing nutritional education, equitable healthcare access, and lifestyle interventions. The call-to-action advocates for collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare professionals, researchers, and communities to implement evidence-based strategies, advocate for policy reforms, and continually monitor anthropometric trends. This review serves as a roadmap for fostering healthier communities in India by addressing anthropometric disparities and steering toward a more equitable and sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Khurana
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amar Taksande
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Mahadevan M, Bose M, Gawron KM, Blumberg R. Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease Risk in South Asian Immigrants: A Review of Prevalence, Factors, and Interventions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050720. [PMID: 36900725 PMCID: PMC10000781 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
South Asians (SAs) are among the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the U.S. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition that is characterized by multiple health factors that increase the risk for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. MetS prevalence among SA immigrants ranges from 27-47% in multiple cross-sectional studies using different diagnostic criteria, which is generally higher compared to other populations in the receiving country. Both genetic and environmental factors are attributed to this increased prevalence. Limited intervention studies have shown effective management of MetS conditions within the SA population. This review reports MetS prevalence in SAs residing in non-native countries, identifies contributing factors, and discusses ways to develop effective community-based strategies for health promotion targeting MetS among SA immigrants. There is a need for more consistently evaluated longitudinal studies to facilitate the development of directed public health policy and education to address chronic diseases in the SA immigrant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Mahadevan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-655-7574
| | - Mousumi Bose
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | | | - Renata Blumberg
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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Li Z, Daniel S, Fujioka K, Umashanker D. Obesity among Asian American people in the United States: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:316-328. [PMID: 36695056 PMCID: PMC10108164 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Standard measures of obesity, i.e., body weight and BMI, suggest that Asian American people have a lower obesity prevalence than other racial groups in the United States. However, Asian American people face a unique challenge in their pattern of adiposity with central obesity, which raises the risk for multiple comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, at a lower BMI compared with other populations. Several organizations recommend lower BMI cutoffs for obesity in Asian people (BMI ≥25.0 or ≥27.5 kg/m2 ) instead of the standard ≥30.0 kg/m2 threshold. The risks of obesity and related comorbidities in this population are further influenced by diet, physical activity, perceptions of health, and access to information and therapies. Asian-specific parameters for assessing obesity should become a standard part of clinical practice. Asian American people should equally be offered subgroup-specific tailored interventions owing to heterogeneity of this population. Access to medications and surgery should be improved, in part by updating US indications for therapies to reflect race-specific obesity thresholds and through inclusion of Asian American people of all subtypes with lower BMI values in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ken Fujioka
- Scripps Clinic Del Mar, San Diego, California, USA
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Misra R, Madhavan SS, Dhumal T, Sambamoorthi U. Prevalence and factors associated with diagnosed diabetes mellitus among Asian Indian adults in the United States. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001551. [PMID: 36963049 PMCID: PMC10021922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been documented among South Asians living in the United States. However, combining the south Asian subgroups into one category masks the heterogeneity in the diagnosed DM, after controlling for known protective and risk factors. We assessed the association of Asian Indian ethnicity to diagnosed DM using a nationally representative sample of 1,986 Asian Indian adults in the US compared to 109,072 Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) using disaggregated data from the National Health Interview Survey (2012-2016) (NHIS). 2010 US census figures were used for age-sex standardization. Age-sex adjusted prevalence of DM was 8.3% in Asian Indians as compared to 5.8% in NHW. In adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, Asian Indians had higher odds ratios of reporting diagnosed DM compared to NHWs (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.71). This association remained strong and significant even after controlling for other risk factors in the model (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.85). Results suggest a favorable socio-economic profile of Asian Indians was not protective on diagnosed DM. In addition, they were more likely to have diagnosed DM due to higher prevalence of obesity despite healthier behaviors of smoking and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Misra
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Suresh S Madhavan
- College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas System, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Trupti Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas System, Denton, Texas, United States of America
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Nandhini R, Nath B, Gaikwad HS, Sharma M, Meena S. Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Its Distribution among Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women from Northern India. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:310-316. [PMID: 37324787 PMCID: PMC10266565 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_38_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and recognize its abnormal components in pre and postmenopausal women. We also aim to recognize the abnormal components in postmenopausal women with regard to duration since menopause. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study was undertaken among pre- and post-menopausal women between 40 and 65 years. Women with MS were identified as per the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Results A total of 220 women were enrolled comprising 112 premenopausal and 108 postmenopausal women, the prevalence of MS among them being 33% and 51.85%, respectively. Postmenopausal status was found to be independently associated with MS when adjusted for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratios = 14.77, 95% confidence intervals: 1.77-23.33). All the components were proportionately higher in postmenopausal group, the rise in blood pressure (BP) (P = 0.003) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.027) being statistically significant. The risk of MS, abdominal obesity, and high BP were highest in <5 years since menopause and decreased thereafter. The risk for low HDL and high triglyceride increased with the number of years since menopause, reaching the peak level in the 5-9-year group and then decreased while the risk of high fasting blood sugar increased reaching peak in the 10-14 years' group. Conclusion The prevalence of MS is significantly high in postmenopausal women. Screening of women in premenopausal period will give an opportunity to intervene and prevent the menace of MS in Indian women predisposed to abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nandhini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Banashree Nath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harsha S. Gaikwad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjula Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Snehlata Meena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sundarakumar JS, Stezin A, Menesgere AL, Ravindranath V. Rural-urban and gender differences in metabolic syndrome in the aging population from southern India: Two parallel, prospective cohort studies. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101395. [PMID: 35497067 PMCID: PMC9044001 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing evidence of metabolic syndrome as a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, there are limited studies from India on its prevalence, especially in the aging population. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities in two prospective, aging cohorts from rural and urban India. METHODS In these two parallel, prospective, aging (≥ 45 years) cohorts, the samples included 2171 people from rural India (Srinivaspura Aging, Neuro Senescence and COGnition, SANSCOG cohort; April 23, 2018 to Sept 25, 2021) and 332 people from urban India (Tata Longitudinal Study on Aging, TLSA cohort; July 8, 2015 to Oct 23, 2021). Using cross-sectional data from baseline clinical and biochemical assessments, we calculated metabolic syndrome prevalence using two well established criteria, namely consensus criteria and National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria; further, rural-urban, gender, and age-wise differences were compared. FINDINGS Proportions of metabolic syndrome were 46.2 and 54.8% as per consensus criteria in rural and urban participants, respectively; corresponding numbers using NCEP-ATP III criteria were 40.3 and 45.1%. Rural-dwelling older adults had a significantly lesser prevalence of all individual metabolic syndrome parameters except impaired triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein levels. Rural women had a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than rural men, whereas there was no significant difference among urban participants. We did not observe any consistent age-wise trend when comparing both cohorts. There was high burden of comorbidities among both groups, mostly undiagnosed in rural participants. INTERPRETATION Roughly one in two older adults had metabolic syndrome, urban significantly more than rural, reaching an alarming 63.1% among urban participants aged 65-74 years. The very high prevalence of undiagnosed co-morbidities among rural adults is extremely concerning, calling for urgent public health measures in this marginalised and health-disparate population. FUNDING SANSCOG study is funded through the Centre for Brain Research (CBR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) by Pratiksha Trust, the philanthropic arm of Mr. Kris Gopalakrishnan. TLSA is funded by Tata Trusts.
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Bays HE, Shrestha A, Niranjan V, Khanna M, Kambhamettu L. Obesity Pillars Roundtable: Obesity and South Asians. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100006. [PMID: 37990701 PMCID: PMC10661885 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Compared to other races/ethnicities, individuals from South Asia with obesity are strikingly susceptible to the presence of CVD risk factors and onset of CVD events - in part due to adiposopathic anatomic and metabolic responses to positive caloric balance. Pathogenic endocrine and immune effects of adipocyte hypertrophy and visceral fat accumulation both directly and indirectly promote among the most common metabolic diseases encountered in clinical practice - many being major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This is especially applicable to those from South Asia - largely due to genetics, epigenetics, unhealthful nutrition, and physical inactivity. Methods This roundtable discussion included 4 obesity specialists engaged in the clinical management of obesity among patients of South Asian descent. Results Patients with obesity from South Asia have increased adipocyte size, fewer (functional) adipocytes, and increased visceral adiposity accompanied by functional endocrine and immune abnormalities. This helps explain the increased CVD risk factors and increased CVD risk among this unique population. These CVD risk factors include increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (even at lower body mass index relative to other races), insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, increased lipoprotein (a), and adiposopathic dyslipidemia [(i.e., elevated triglyceride levels, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number, and increased prevalence of smaller and denser LDL particles]. Conclusion The four panelists of this roundtable discussion describe their practical diagnostic processes and treatment plans for patients from South Asia, with an emphasis on a patient-centered approach to obesity in this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, Medical Director/President Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor/University of Louisville Medical School, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| | - Amardeep Shrestha
- Diplomate American Board of Obesity Medicine, Family Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine, Primary Care and Obesity Medicine, 1480 N Green Mount Road # 200, O'Fallon, IL, 62269, USA
| | - Varalakshmi Niranjan
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine Assistant Professor, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Monu Khanna
- Diplomate American Board of Obesity Medicine, Internal Medicine, Extended Care and Rehabilitation Services, VA St Louis Health Care System, Jefferson Barracks Division, 1 Jefferson Barracks Drive, St Louis, MO, 63125, USA
| | - Lalitha Kambhamettu
- Internal Medicine, Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, Wilmington VA Medical Center, 1601 Kirkwood Highway, Wilmington, DE, 19805, USA
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Tan K, Tint MT, Michael N, Yap F, Chong YS, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Larbi A, Lee YS, Chan SY, Fortier MV, Eriksson JG, Karnani N. Determinants of cord blood adipokines and association with neonatal abdominal adipose tissue distribution. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:637-645. [PMID: 34864815 PMCID: PMC8873009 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cord blood leptin and adiponectin are adipokines known to be associated with birth weight and overall infant adiposity. However, few studies have investigated their associations with abdominal adiposity in neonates. We examined maternal factors associated with cord blood leptin and adiponectin, and the association of these adipokines with neonatal adiposity and abdominal fat distribution measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an Asian mother-offspring cohort. METHODS Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO), is a prospective mother-offspring birth cohort study in Singapore. Cord blood plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured using Luminex and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay respectively in 816 infants. A total of 271 neonates underwent MRI within the first 2-weeks after delivery. Abdominal superficial (sSAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and intra-abdominal (IAT) adipose tissue compartment volumes were quantified from MRI images. Multivariable regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Indian or Malay ethnicity, female sex, and gestational age were positively associated with cord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) positively associated with cord blood leptin concentrations but inversely associated with cord blood adiponectin concentrations. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) showed a positive relationship with cord blood leptin but not with adiponectin concentrations. Each SD increase in cord blood leptin was associated with higher neonatal sSAT, dSAT and IAT; differences in SD (95% CI): 0.258 (0.142, 0.374), 0.386 (0.254, 0.517) and 0.250 (0.118, 0.383), respectively. Similarly, each SD increase in cord blood adiponectin was associated with higher neonatal sSAT and dSAT; differences in SD (95% CI): 0.185 (0.096, 0.274) and 0.173 (0.067, 0.278), respectively. The association between cord blood adiponectin and neonatal adiposity was observed in neonates of obese mothers only. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations were associated with ethnicity, maternal BMI and GDM, sex and gestational age. Both adipokines showed positive association with neonatal abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National Technological University (NTU)-Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Technological University (NTU)-Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Senarathne R, Hettiaratchi U, Dissanayake N, Hafiz R, Zaleem S, Athiththan L. Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive and non-hypertensive subjects. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e454. [PMID: 34938898 PMCID: PMC8670729 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which attributes to one-third of all deaths worldwide. It is also considered as a key feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of characteristic features of MetS in hypertensive and non-hypertensive males and females and find out the percentages of MetS in hypertensive and non-hypertensive adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, involving 120 participants that included 60 hypertensives and 60 non-hypertensives (35-55 years). Data were obtained through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid parameters [triglyceride-(TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL)] were analyzed, and waist circumference (WC) was measured. Percentages of MetS among hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups were determined according to both modified Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and new International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS Among the characteristic features of MetS, mean FBS and WC were significantly higher in hypertensive males compared with non-hypertensive males (P < .001 and P = .002 respectively), while mean value of TG was significantly higher (P = .005) in hypertensive females compared with non-hypertensive females. Further, the percentage of subjects in the total hypertensive group with increased FBS and increased WC was significantly higher than the non- hypertensive group. The percentage of subjects with MetS was significantly (P < .001) higher in hypertensive group (68%) compared with non-hypertensive group (20%) according to modified ATP III criteria. When compared with new IDF criteria, it was 63% and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The percentage of subjects with increased FBS, WC, and MetS was significantly higher in the hypertensive group compared with non-hypertensives group. These findings emphasize the urgent need to develop national strategies for early detection, and to take preventive measures to make people aware of the impact of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshali Senarathne
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaColomboSri Lanka
| | - Usha Hettiaratchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaColomboSri Lanka
| | - Nirodha Dissanayake
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaColomboSri Lanka
| | - Riyaza Hafiz
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaColomboSri Lanka
| | - Sumara Zaleem
- Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaColomboSri Lanka
| | - Lohini Athiththan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaColomboSri Lanka
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Gupta J, Kapoor D, Sood V. Quality of Life and its Determinants in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus from Two Health Institutions of Sub-himalayan Region of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 25:211-219. [PMID: 34760676 PMCID: PMC8547395 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_246_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes serious deterioration in general quality of life (QoL) mainly affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Routine assessment of QoL improves communication with the patient, helps to predict treatment response, and supports clinical decision-making. QoL can predict an individual's capacity to manage the disease and maintain long-term health and wellbeing. AIMS To find out the QoL and its socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical determinants among DM patients attending health institutions from sub-Himalayan region, catering rural population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals mostly catering rural population from 2014 to 2018. Purposive sampling technique was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data of DM patients (N = 300) were collected. They were administeredHindi translation of QoL Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients (QOLID) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS) (Version 17.0, USA). RESULTS About 10% had very poor, 13% poor, 11% average, 16% good, and 50% very good QoL on QOLID. General health (GH) and treatment satisfaction (TS) were the most affected domains. Fatigue was the most common symptom (79%) reported in QOLID. Age more than 55 years, rural background, and PHQ-9 score of more than 7 were predictors of poorer QoL. CONCLUSION There is a need for a holistic and collaborative care of DM patients, to maintain a good HRQoL. Screening of depression, fatigue, and regular assessment of QoL should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dheeraj Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sood
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Gupta J, Kapoor D, Sood V, Singh S, Sharma N, Kanwar P. Depression prevalence, its psychosocial and clinical predictors, in diabetes mellitus patients attending two health institutions of north India catering rural population. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:566-571. [PMID: 33678839 PMCID: PMC7909037 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_172_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a greater risk of depression and a poor quality of life (QoL). There is a limited data regarding relationship of depression to QoL in patients from rural health care settings of North India. AIM To know the prevalence and predictors of depression in patients of DM among various sociodemographic, clinical and QoL variables. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals of North India mostly catering rural population from 2014 to 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sociodemographic and clinical data of DM patients was collected. They were applied Hindi translation of QoL Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Analyses were done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 17.0, USA). RESULTS Among 300 patients, 25.6% had clinical depression. Illiteracy, the affect on general, emotional/mental health and role limitation by diabetes predicted risk of depression. CONCLUSION Education of patients regarding self-management in DM to assure good health should be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. YS Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dheeraj Kapoor
- Department Medicine, Dr. RPGMC, Kangra at Tanda, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sood
- Department Medicine, Dr. RPGMC, Kangra at Tanda, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhjit Singh
- Pt. JL Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- Pt. JL Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kanwar
- Department Psychiatry, Dr. RPGMC, Kangra at Tanda, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India
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12
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Tint MT, Sadananthan SA, Soh SE, Aris IM, Michael N, Tan KH, Shek LPC, Yap F, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Velan SS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Fortier MV, Zhang C, Lee YS. Maternal glycemia during pregnancy and offspring abdominal adiposity measured by MRI in the neonatal period and preschool years: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective mother-offspring birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:39-47. [PMID: 32219421 PMCID: PMC7351532 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes is associated with unfavorable body fat distribution in offspring. However, less is known about the effects across the range of maternal gestational glycemia on offspring abdominal adiposity (AA) in infancy and early childhood. OBJECTIVES This study determined the association between gestational glycemia and offspring AA measured by MRI in the neonatal period and during the preschool years. METHODS Participants were mother-offspring pairs from the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) prospective cohort study. Children who underwent MRI within 2 wk postdelivery (n = 305) and/or at preschool age, 4.5 y (n = 273), and whose mothers had a 2-h 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) at 26-28 weeks of gestation were included. AA measured by adipose tissue compartment volumes-abdominal superficial (sSAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and internal (IAT) adipose tissue-was quantified from MRI images. RESULTS Adjusting for potential confounders including maternal prepregnancy BMI, each 1-mmol/L increase in maternal fasting glucose was associated with higher SD scores for sSAT (0.66; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.86), dSAT (0.65; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.87), and IAT (0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.86) in neonates. Similarly, each 1-mmol/L increase in 2-h OGTT glucose was associated with higher neonatal sSAT (0.11; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.19) and dSAT (0.09; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.17). These associations were stronger in female neonates but only persisted in girls between fasting glucose, and sSAT and dSAT at 4.5 y. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between maternal glycemia and neonatal AA was observed across the whole range of maternal mid-gestation glucose concentrations. These findings may lend further support to efforts toward optimizing maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The study also provides suggestive evidence on sex differences in the impact of maternal glycemia, which merits further confirmation in other studies.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya-Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh A Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Shu-E Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Kok H Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Academic Medicine, Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lynette P C Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Univeristyof Southhampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southhampton, United Kingdom
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yung S Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat—National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
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13
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Golia N, Krishan K, Kashyap JR. Assessment of Obesity by Using Various Anthropometric Measurements among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Residing in North India. Cureus 2020; 12:e7948. [PMID: 32509474 PMCID: PMC7270879 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the main risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD). Although a range of anthropometric measures are available to evaluate obesity, which measure is the most precise to predict the risk of CHD is still controversial. Therefore, we assess the prevalence of obesity among patients with CHD by using various anthropometric techniques to find out the most efficient method to predict the risk of CHD. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 300 CHD patients and 100 age and sex-matched healthy controls, aged 45-70 years. Various anthropometric measurements (waist and hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, and body fat percentage) were taken to assess the prevalence of obesity among the selected population. Results Average waist circumference among male and female patients was significantly higher than the controls; 94.0±13.2 vs. 86.4±4.4 (p < 0.001) and 97.8±12.1 vs. 86.9±5.3 (p < 0.001) respectively. The average waist-hip ratio among patients of both genders was significantly higher than controls 1.0±.06 vs. 0.92±.04 (p < 0.001) among males and 0.96±.07 vs. 0.88±.04 (p < 0.001) among females, respectively. The average body mass index (BMI) was not different among male patients (24.6±4.0) compared to controls (24.3±2.3); however, the frequency distribution of BMI among male patients and controls was significantly different (p < 0.05), whereas female patients had significantly higher BMI compared to controls 27.7±4.9 and 25.1±2.4, (p < 0.001). Similarly, body fat percentage and visceral fat percentage were elevated among female cases vs. female controls, but no significant difference was observed in the body fat percentage of male cases vs. controls 28.0±5.0 vs. 28.1±2.7; (p > 0.05). However, visceral fat percentage was significantly elevated among male cases vs. controls 11.6±5.7 vs. 9.6±2.6 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Central adiposity markers, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat percentage were uniformly present in patients of both sexes and are stronger predictors of risk of CHD relative to the BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Golia
- Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IND
| | | | - Jeet Ram Kashyap
- Cardiology, Government Medical College and Hospital Sector, Chandigarh, IND
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O’Neill J, Bounford K, Anstey A, D’Silva J, Clark L, Plein S, Tayebjee MH. P wave indices, heart rate variability and anthropometry in a healthy South Asian population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220662. [PMID: 31442233 PMCID: PMC6707586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background South Asians have a low prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in comparison with White Europeans despite a higher burden of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. The reason for this disparity is unclear but may relate to electrophysiological or structural differences within the atria or variations in autonomic function. We aimed to assess these areas using a range of non-invasive cardiac investigations. Methods A prospective cohort study was performed on 200 South Asian and 200 Caucasian healthy volunteers aged 18–40 years. All subjects underwent electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography and anthropometric measurements. Eighty subjects in each cohort underwent 24 hour ambulatory ECG and fifty subjects in each cohort underwent exercise testing. Results Compared with White Europeans, South Asians were of a smaller height with lower lean body mass and smaller left atrial size. They had reduced P wave dispersion and P wave terminal force in lead V1. South Asians had a lower burden of supraventricular ectopy. They had a higher mean heart rate and South Asian males had lower heart rate variability, suggestive of sympathetic predominance. Exercise capacity was lower in South Asians. Conclusions South Asians have differences in left atrial size, P wave indices, burden of supraventricular ectopy, heart rate, heart rate variability and anthropometric measurements. These differences may relate to variations in atrial morphology, atrial electrophysiology and autonomic function and might help to explain why South Asians are less susceptible to developing AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O’Neill
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: james.o’
| | - Katrina Bounford
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Anstey
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jesvita D’Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Plein
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Muzahir H. Tayebjee
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
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15
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O'Neill J, Swoboda PP, Plein S, Tayebjee MH. Left atrial size and function in a South Asian population and their potential influence on the risk of atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:1379-1385. [PMID: 30144123 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians have a low prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with Caucasians despite having a higher prevalence of conventional risk factors for the arrhythmia. The reason for this disparity is uncertain but may be due to ethnic differences in atrial morphology. This study examines the association between ethnicity and left atrial (LA) size and function in South Asian and Caucasian subjects using the reference technique of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). HYPOTHESIS South Asians have smaller LA size and therefore increased LA function. METHODS Retrospective case-control study of 60 South Asian and 60 Caucasian patients who had undergone a clinically indicated MRI between April 2010 and October 2017 and had been found to have a structurally normal heart. LA and left ventricular (LV) volume and function were assessed and compared between the ethnicities. RESULTS In comparison with Caucasians, South Asians had significantly lower minimum (27.7 ± 11.1 mL vs 34.9 ± 12.3 mL, P = 0.002) and maximum LA volumes (64.7 ± 21.1 mL vs 80.9 ± 22.5 mL, P < 0.001), lower LV end-diastolic volume (P < 0.001), lower LV stroke volume (P < 0.001), and lower LV mass (P = 0.022) and these values remained significant after correcting for body surface area. Further analysis revealed that LA volume was independently associated with South Asian ethnicity. There was no difference in LA function between the ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS South Asians have reduced LA volumes and a proportionally smaller heart size in comparison to Caucasians. Smaller LA size may protect against the development of AF by reducing the risk of reentrant circuit formation and atrial fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O'Neill
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter P Swoboda
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC) and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Muzahir H Tayebjee
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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Mehata S, Shrestha N, Mehta RK, Bista B, Pandey AR, Mishra SR. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and its determinants among Nepalese adults: Findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14995. [PMID: 30301902 PMCID: PMC6177417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. This study is designed to assess the prevalence and determinants of MetS among Nepalese adults from a nationally representative study. This study is based on Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) Survey from Nepal. This survey was done among 4200 adults aged 15-69 years from 210 clusters selected proportionately across Nepal's three ecological zones (Mountain, Hill and Terai). Subsequently, using systematic sampling, twenty households per cluster and one participant per household were selected. The overall prevalence of MetS is 15% and 16% according to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria respectively. A triad of low HDL-C, abdominal obesity and high BP was the most prevalent (8.18%), followed by abdominal obesity, low HDL-C cholesterol and high triglycerides (8%). Less than two percent of participants had all the five components of the syndrome and 19% of participants had none. The prevalence steadily rose across the age group with adults aged 45-69 years having the highest prevalence (28-30%) and comparable prevalence across two definitions of MetS. A notably high burden for females, urban, hill or Terai resident were seen among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, 1300 VIC UNI, Australia
| | - Ranju Kumari Mehta
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Bihungum Bista
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Achyut Raj Pandey
- Nepal Health Research Council, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Shiva Raj Mishra
- Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, 44207, Nepal
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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17
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Why are South Asians seemingly protected against the development of atrial fibrillation? A review of current evidence. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2017; 27:249-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Segheto W, Coelho FA, Cristina Guimarães da Silva D, Hallal PC, Marins JCB, Ribeiro AQ, Pessoa MC, Morais SHO, Longo GZ. Validity of body adiposity index in predicting body fat in Brazilians adults. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27502080 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare various methods of assessing body compositions with body adiposity index (BAI) and to identify the validity of BAI as a predictor of body fat in Brazilian adults. METHODS This study included 706 individuals (average age 37.3 years, SD = 12.1). Anthropometric data included percent body fat obtained by skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance analysis and DXA. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, and BAI were calculated. The correlation between variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Bland-Altman and Kaplan Meier graphic approaches were used to verify the agreement between BAI and DXA. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between BAI and BMI (r = 0.84 in men and r = 0.86 in women, P < .001), waist circumference (r = 0.77 in men and r = 0.75 in women, P < .001) percent fat by skinfold thicknesses (r = 0.71 in men and r = 0.71 in women, P < .001) and by DXA (r = 0.72 in men and r = 0.78 in women, P < .001). The Bland-Altman approach showed an overestimation of BAI in males and an underestimation in women using DXA as the reference method. The agreement between BAI and DXA through the Kaplan-Meier analysis was 41%. CONCLUSIONS It was found that BAI does not replace other measurements of body fat, but compared with more complex methods can be an alternative for estimating the body fat in the absence of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Segheto
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - France Araújo Coelho
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Department of Gymnastics and Health, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Bouzas Marins
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia Queiroz Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Milene Cristine Pessoa
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Helena O Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Giana Zarbato Longo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
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Body Composition in Asians and Caucasians: Comparative Analyses and Influences on Cardiometabolic Outcomes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2015; 75:97-154. [PMID: 26319906 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the last four decades Asia has witnessed major transformation in its population demographics, which gave rise to changes in food availability, food habits and lifestyle. A significant consequence of these changes has been the continuing rise in overweight and obesity across Asia. In parallel, there has been a significant rise in Asians in the incidence of the major chronic diseases, particularly in cardiometabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Given that the majority of the evidence, to date, investigating the associations between adiposity and cardiometabolic disorder risk have been obtained from studies undertaken either in European or in North American Caucasians, in this chapter, we have reviewed differences in body fat content and distribution between East Asians, South Asians, and Caucasians. The evidence is consistent that the content and distribution of body fat are markedly different between the various ethnic groups. We found that Asians have a greater predisposition towards adiposity at higher BMI than in Caucasians. Moreover, at any given level of adiposity, Asians have a much greater predisposition to risk of cardiometabolic disorders than Caucasians. We therefore strongly endorse the need for different adiposity cutoffs in Asians as compared to the Caucasians. We have also reviewed the predictive abilities of the various body composition/adiposity measures in determining risk of cardiometabolic disorders in Asians.
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