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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Sun Y, Li X, Najeeb U, Hou Z, Buttar NA, Yang Z, Ali B, Xu L. Soil applied silicon and manganese combined with foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid mediate photosynthetic recovery in Cd-stressed Salvia miltiorrhiza by regulating Cd-transporter genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1011872. [PMID: 36247621 PMCID: PMC9558727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important medicinal plant that experiences significant growth and biomass losses when cultivated on cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. High Cd accumulation in plant tissues also increases the risk of metal entry into the food chain. In this study, we proposed that Cd accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza can be restricted through plant growth regulators and nutrient management. Therefore, S. miltiorrhiza seedlings were transplanted into mixed nutrient soil for two weeks, then treated with 30 mg kg-1 CdCl2, 200 mg kg-1 Na2SiO3·9H2O, and 100 mg kg-1 MnSO4, and simultaneously sprayed with 10 mg L-1 ALA on the leaves one week later. This study showed that elevated Cd accumulation significantly reduced plant growth and biomass. This growth inhibition damaged photosynthetic machinery and impaired carbon assimilation. In contrast, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) significantly promoted the biomass of S. miltiorrhiza, and the dry weight of plants treated with ALA combined with manganese (Mn)/silicon (Si) increased by 42% and 55% as compared with Cd+Mn and Cd+Si treatments. Exogenously applied ALA and Si/Mn significantly activated antioxidant enzymes and promoted the growth recovery of S. miltiorrhiza. Further, exogenous ALA also reduced the Cd concentration in S. miltiorrhiza, especially when combined with Si. Compared with the Cd+Si treatment, the Cd+Si+ALA treatment reduced the Cd concentration in roots and leaves by 59% and 60%, respectively. Gene expression analysis suggested that ALA and Si significantly up-regulated genes associated with Cd transport. Other genes related to heavy metal tolerance mechanisms are also regulated to cope with heavy metal stress. These results indicated that the combined action of ALA and Si/Mn could reduce Cd-toxicity by increasing chlorophyll content and changing oxidative stress and can also affect Cd accumulation by regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Sun
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Zhuoni Hou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Noman Ali Buttar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zongqi Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Khan WUD, Wei X, Ali HH, Zulfiqar F, Chen J, Iqbal R, Zaheer MS, Ali B, Ghafoor S, Rabiya UE, Waqas M, Ghaffar R, Soufan W, El Sabagh A. Investigating the role of bentonite clay with different soil amendments to minimize the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Solanum melongena L. under the irrigation of tannery wastewater. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:958978. [PMID: 36247568 PMCID: PMC9558103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.958978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from tanneries is a major source of heavy metals in soil and plants when used for crop irrigation. The unavoidable toxicological effects of this contamination, however, can be minimized through two independent steps discussed in the present study. In the first step, a batch sorption experiment was conducted in which Cr was adsorbed through bentonite clay. For this purpose, DTPA extraction method was used to analyze Cr concentration in the soil after regular time intervals (0.5, 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10.5, 11.5, and 20.3 h) which reduced Cr concentration from 38.542 mgL-1 for 30 min to 5.6597 mgL-1 for 20.3 h, respectively, by applying 1% bentonite. An increase in the contact time efficiently allowed soil adsorbent to adsorb maximum Cr from soil samples. In the second step, a pot experiment was conducted with 10 different treatments to improve the physiological and biochemical parameters of the Solanum melongena L. irrigated under tanneries' wastewater stress. There were four replicates, and the crop was harvested after 30 days of germination. It was seen that the application of wastewater significantly (P < 0.01) reduced growth of Solanum melongena L. by reducing root (77%) and shoot (63%) fresh weight when compared with CFOP (Ce-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles); chlorophyll a and b (fourfolds) were improved under CFOP application relative to control (CN). However, the deleterious effects of Cr (86%) and Pb (90%) were significantly decreased in shoot through CFOP application relative to CN. Moreover, oxidative damage induced by the tannery's wastewater stress (P < 0.01) was tolerated by applying different soil amendments. However, results were well pronounced with the application of CFOP which competitively decreased the concentrations of MDA (95%), H2O2 (89%), and CMP (85%) by efficiently triggering the activities of antioxidant defense mechanisms such as APX (threefold), CAT (twofold), and phenolics (75%) in stem relative to CN. Consequently, all the applied amendments (BN, BT, FOP, and CFOP) have shown the ability to efficiently tolerate the tannery's wastewater stress; results were more pronounced with the addition of CFOP and FOP+BT by improving physiological and biochemical parameters of Solanum melongena L. in an eco-friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas ud Din Khan
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Xiangying Wei
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hafiz Haider Ali
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ghafoor
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umm e. Rabiya
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ghaffar
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Walid Soufan
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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Ashraf U, Mahmood S, Anjum SA, Abbas RN, Rasul F, Iqbal J, Mo Z, Tang X. Exogenous Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Application Induced Modulations in the Performance of Aromatic Rice Under Lead Toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933694. [PMID: 35958207 PMCID: PMC9361023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid and has a multi-functional role in abiotic stress tolerance. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the role of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) application to modulate the growth, yield, and related physio-biochemical mechanisms in two aromatic rice cultivars, that is, Guixiangzhan (GXZ) and Nongxiang 18 (NX-18), under Pb toxic and normal conditions. The experimental treatments were comprised of Ck: without Pb and GABA (control), GABA: 1 mM GABA is applied under normal conditions (without Pb), Pb + GABA: 1 mM GABA is applied under Pb toxicity (800 mg kg-1 of soil), and Pb= only Pb (800 mg kg-1 of soil) is applied (no GABA). The required concentrations of GABA were applied as a foliar spray. Results revealed that Pb stress induced oxidative damage in terms of enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and H2O2 contents, while exogenous GABA application improved leaf chlorophyll, proline, protein and GABA contents, photosynthesis and gas exchange, and antioxidant defense under Pb toxicity in both rice cultivars. Moreover, glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities were variably affected due to GABA application under Pb stress. The yield and related traits, that is, productive tillers/pot, grains/panicle, filled grain %, 1,000-grain weight, and grain yield were 13.64 and 10.29, 0.37% and 2.26%, 3.89 and 19.06%, 7.35 and 12.84%, and 17.92 and 40.56 lower under Pb treatment than Pb + GABA for GXZ and NX-18, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous GABA application in rice reduced Pb contents in shoot, leaves, panicle, and grains compared with Pb-exposed plants without GABA. Overall, GXZ performed better than NX-18 under Pb toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sammina Mahmood
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rana Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahd Rasul
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Bacilio-Jiménez M, Carreon-Palau L, Arredondo-Vega BO, Alejandra Chávez-Cobian J, Carrillo-González R. Changes in fatty acid in Tecoma stans grown in mine residues after compost amendment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 24:1455-1464. [PMID: 35196468 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2033690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amendment tailing heaps with compost may deplete metal(loid)s concentration and improve the conditions for plant development. This research aimed to compare the Tecoma stans ability to grow on soil from the Sonora desert and mining waste (MW) after amendment with compost. Amendment the MW, with compost, decreased soluble As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn up to 47, 33, 11, 34, 69, and 34%, respectively; increased ten times the leaves weight, and thirteen times the leaf area of the plants. Arsenic, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in plants tissues decreased 27, 28, 27, 12, and 11%, respectively. The bioaccumulation and translocation factors were lower than one, so T. stans do not accumulate these elements. Polyunsaturated fatty acids 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 were increased, suggesting lower alteration of thylakoidal membrane integrity due to compost treatment. But, the amendment to the tailing was not enough to deplete the abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carreon-Palau
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Alleviating Role of Gibberellic Acid in Enhancing Plant Growth and Stimulating Phenolic Compounds in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) under Lead Stress. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132112329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity of heavy-metals in soil is a major constraint for the production of carrots (Daucus carota L.). Different plant growth regulators are being used to overcome this problem. It has been found that plant growth regulators induce stress tolerance in plants. In this study, the role of exogenously applied plant growth regulator, gibberellic acid (GA3) was examined in soil grown two carrot cultivars under four different levels of lead (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) with one level of gibberellic acid (50 ppm). Results showed that Pb stress retarded the plant growth and reduced chlorophyll contents in the leaves of both carrot cultivars. A significant decrease was observed in photosynthetic attributes by Pb addition alone. However, exogenously applied GA3 ameliorated the plant growth and chlorophyll contents in the leaves of both carrot cultivars under Pb stressed conditions. Moreover, GA3 also decreased the uptake of Pb concentration in carrot leaves and roots. In addition, GA3 significantly regulated the phenolic compounds concentration in both carrot cultivars under Pb stress. In this study, cultivar T-29 was found to be more tolerant to Pb stress, however, cultivar Mevarick experienced higher damage regarding plant growth under Pb stress.
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Rosca M, Cozma P, Minut M, Hlihor RM, Bețianu C, Diaconu M, Gavrilescu M. New Evidence of Model Crop Brassica napus L. in Soil Clean-Up: Comparison of Tolerance and Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102051. [PMID: 34685860 PMCID: PMC8538861 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the model crop Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) for the phytoremediation of soils polluted with metals was investigated at laboratory scale. The first step consists in the evaluation of the seed germination and growth of the Brassica napus L. plant in a controlled environment, followed by the determination of the photosynthetic pigments content represented by chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. The degree of metal accumulation in rapeseed has been evaluated by the bioaccumulation factor (BAC), the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF). Phytotoxicity tests were performed in Petri dishes with filter papers moistened with metal solutions in the range of 0 to 300 mg/L Pb(II) or Cd(II). At the highest concentration of the lead and cadmium treatments (300 mg/L), B. napus L. showed the lowest germination degree (56.67% and 43.33%, respectively). According to Tukey test results, Pb(II) concentrations of up to 300 mg/L do not significantly affect the length of the hypocotyls, whereas, in the case of Cd(II), the mean of the radicle and hypocotyl lengths of the seedlings are significantly affected compared to the mean of the control. In soil pot experiments, important changes have been obtained in the pigment content, especially in the case of cadmium. For both metals and for each treatment (100 to 1500 mg/kg Pb(II) and 1 to 30 mg/kg Cd(II)), a TF < 1 indicates an ineffective metal transfer from root to shoot. Finally, rapeseed can be considered a tolerant plant and a suitable candidate for Pb(II) and Cd(II) accumulation and for the phytostabilization of contaminated soil under the experimental conditions adopted in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Rosca
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, Faculty of Horticulture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petronela Cozma
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, Faculty of Horticulture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariana Minut
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Raluca-Maria Hlihor
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, Faculty of Horticulture, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Camelia Bețianu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariana Diaconu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Gavrilescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (M.M.); (R.-M.H.); (C.B.); (M.D.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.G.)
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Alleviation of Lead Stress on Sage Plant by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091969. [PMID: 34579503 PMCID: PMC8466212 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is imparted by a varying range of environmental factors involving heavy metal stress. Thus, the mechanisms of antioxidant resistance may advance a policy to improve metal tolerance. Lead as a toxic heavy metal negatively affects the metabolic activities and growth of medicinal and aromatic plants. This investigation aimed to assess the function of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the alleviation of Pb stress in sage plants (Salvia officinalis L.) grown either hydroponically or in pots. Various concentrations of Pb (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM) and different concentrations of ALA (0, 10, and 20 mg L-1) were tested. This investigation showed that Pb altered the physiological parameters. Pb stress differentially reduced germination percentage and protein content compared to control plants. However, lead stress promoted malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents in the treated plants. Also, lead stress enhanced the anti-oxidative enzyme activities; ascorbate peroxidase superoxide, dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in Salvia plants. ALA application enhanced the germination percentage and protein content compared to their corresponding controls. Whereas, under ALA application MDA and H2O2 contents, as well as the activities of SOD, APX, GPX, and GR, were lowered. These findings suggest that ALA at the 20 mgL-1 level protects the Salvia plant from Pb stress. Therefore, the results recommend ALA application to alleviate Pb stress.
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Yao X, Zheng Z, Tian Z, Cai X. EkFLS overexpression promotes flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in plant. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1966-1982. [PMID: 33774830 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids with great medicinal value play an important role in plant individual growth and stress resistance. Flavonol synthetase (FLS) is one of the key enzymes to synthesize flavonoids. However, the role of the FLS gene in flavonoid accumulation and tolerance to abiotic stresses, as well as its mechanism has not yet been investigated systematically in plants. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of FLS overexpression on the accumulation of active ingredients and stress resistance in Euphorbia kansui Liou. The results showed that when the EkFLS gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, the accumulation of flavonoids was improved. In addition, when the wild-type and EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis plants were treated with ABA and MeJA, compared with WT Arabidopsis, EkFLS overexpressed Arabidopsis promoted stomatal aperture to influence photosynthesis of the plants, which in turn can promote stress resistance. Meanwhile, under MeJA, NaCl, and PEG treatment, EkFLS overexpressed in Arabidopsis induced higher accumulation of flavonoids, which significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities that can scavenge reactive oxygen species in cells to protect the plant. These results indicated that EkFLS overexpression is strongly correlated to the increase of flavonoid synthesis and therefore the tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants, providing a theoretical basis for further improving the quality of medicinal plants and their resistance to abiotic stresses simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheni Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Rhaman MS, Imran S, Karim MM, Chakrobortty J, Mahamud MA, Sarker P, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Robin AHK, Ye W, Murata Y, Hasanuzzaman M. 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated plant adaptive responses to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1451-1469. [PMID: 33839877 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) modulates various defense systems in plants and confers abiotic stress tolerance. Enhancement of crop production is a challenge due to numerous abiotic stresses such as, salinity, drought, temperature, heavy metals, and UV. Plants often face one or more abiotic stresses in their life cycle because of the challenging growing environment which results in reduction of growth and yield. Diverse studies have been conducted to discern suitable mitigation strategies to enhance crop production by minimizing abiotic stress. Exogenous application of different plant growth regulators is a well-renowned approach to ameliorate adverse effects of abiotic stresses on crop plants. Among the numerous plant growth regulators, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a novel plant growth regulator, also well-known to alleviate the injurious effects of abiotic stresses in plants. ALA enhances abiotic stress tolerance as well as growth and yield by regulating photosynthetic and antioxidant machineries and nutrient uptake in plants. However, the regulatory roles of ALA in plants under different stresses have not been studied and assembled systematically. Also, ALA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, this review discusses the role of ALA in crop growth enhancement as well as its ameliorative role in abiotic stress mitigation and also discusses the ALA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms and its limitation and future promises for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Imran
- Department of Agronomy, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masudul Karim
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jotirmoy Chakrobortty
- Department of Soil Science, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asif Mahamud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Prosenjit Sarker
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Bio-Functional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Department of Plant Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Department of Bio-Functional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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Gupta S, Thokchom SD, Kapoor R. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Improves Photosynthesis and Restores Alteration in Sugar Metabolism in Triticum aestivum L. Grown in Arsenic Contaminated Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640379. [PMID: 33777073 PMCID: PMC7991624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of agricultural soil by arsenic (As) is a serious menace to environmental safety and global food security. Symbiotic plant-microbe interaction, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), is a promising approach to minimize hazards of As contamination in agricultural soil. Even though the potential of AM fungi (AMF) in redeeming As tolerance and improving growth is well recognized, the detailed metabolic and physiological mechanisms behind such beneficial effects are far from being completely unraveled. The present study investigated the ability of an AM fungus, Rhizophagus intraradices, in mitigating As-mediated negative effects on photosynthesis and sugar metabolism in wheat (Triticum aestivum) subjected to three levels of As, viz., 0, 25, and 50 mg As kg-1 of soil, supplied as sodium arsenate. As exposure caused significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, Hill reaction activity, and gas exchange parameters such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration. In addition, As exposure also altered the activities of starch-hydrolyzing, sucrose-synthesizing, and sucrose-degrading enzymes in leaves. Colonization by R. intraradices not only promoted plant growth but also restored As-mediated impairments in plant physiology. The symbiosis augmented the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, enhanced Hill reaction activity, and improved leaf gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency of T. aestivum even at high dose of 50 mg As kg-1 of soil. Furthermore, inoculation with R. intraradices also restored As-mediated alteration in sugar metabolism by modulating the activities of starch phosphorylase, α-amylase, β-amylase, acid invertase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose-phosphate synthase in leaves. This ensured improved sugar and starch levels in mycorrhizal plants. Overall, the study advocates the potential of R. intraradices in bio-amelioration of As-induced physiological disturbances in wheat plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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12
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Song X, Zhang C, Chen W, Zhu Y, Wang Y. Growth responses and physiological and biochemical changes in five ornamental plants grown in urban lead-contaminated soils. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:29-47. [PMID: 37284132 PMCID: PMC10168045 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An increasing concentration of lead (Pb) in urban contaminated soil due to anthropogenic activities has been a global issue threatening human health. The use of urban ornamental plants as phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil is a new choice. In the present experiment, the physiological and biochemical response of five ornamental plants to increase in concentrations of C4H6O4Pb·H2O in the soil were measured to investigate these plans' Pb tolerance strategies and abilities. Our results showed that Pb stress significantly inhibited the growth and the biomass of all the plants. The root activity (RA), net photosynthetic rate (P n), and chlorophyll (Chl) content in Pb-stressed leaves were significantly decreased, whereas the leaf proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), and membrane stability index (MSI) were remarkable increased compared with those in the control group. By application of all-subsets regression and linear regression, the reduction in photosynthetic capacity in the five plants is mainly due to the decrease in the leaf Chl content caused by Pb stress. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) in Canna generalis was greater than 1, while in the other plants were lower than 1, suggesting that Canna generalis had the highest Pb accumulation ability. The translocation factor (TF) in all the plants were lower than 1, suggesting that Pb preferentially accumulated in the external part of roots. By calculating the comprehensive evaluation value (CEV), Iris germanica L. was found to be the most sensitive species, and Canna generalis was the most tolerant species, to Pb stress among the five ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- College of Resources and EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
- Shandong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Phyto‐microremediation in Saline‐alkali LandShandongChina
| | - Chenxiang Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Resources and EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
- Shandong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Phyto‐microremediation in Saline‐alkali LandShandongChina
| | - Yihao Zhu
- College of Resources and EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
| | - Yueying Wang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’anChina
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13
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Kim JY, Oh S, Park YK. Overview of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with detailed analysis of biochar characteristics, heavy metals behaviors, and their ecotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121356. [PMID: 31628056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the disposal of preservative-treated wood waste and its related environmental problems are the main driving forces of research into the recycling of preservative-treated wood. Preservative-treated wood waste composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with several types of heavy metals can be recycled in various ways, such as wood-based composites, heavy metal extraction, energy recovery, etc. In particular, thermochemical conversion has attracted considerable attention recently because energy can be recovered from biomass as liquid fuel and bio-oil, as well as produce bio-char with a high carbon content, which can be applied to valuable products, such as soil amendment, adsorbents, solid fuels, and catalyst supports. On the other hand, environmental issues, such as heavy metal volatilization and heavy metal leaching, are still a challenge. This review reports the state-of-the-art knowledge of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with the main focus on the feedstock, process technology, biochar characteristics, application, and environmental issues. This review provides important information for future studies into the recycling of preservative-treated woods into biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Division of Wood Chemistry, Forest Products Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhang F, Xiao X, Xu K, Cheng X, Xie T, Hu J, Wu X. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) reveals genetic loci of lead (Pb) tolerance during seedling establishment in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:139. [PMID: 32041524 PMCID: PMC7011513 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) pollution in soil has become one of the major environmental threats to plant growth and human health. Safe utilization of Pb contaminated soil by phytoremediation require Pb-tolerant rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) accessions. However, breeding of new B. napus cultivars tolerance to Pb stress has been restricted by limited knowledge on molecular mechanisms involved in Pb tolerance. This work was carried out to identify genetic loci related to Pb tolerance during seedling establishment in rapeseed. RESULTS Pb tolerance, which was assessed by quantifying radicle length (RL) under 0 or 100 mg/L Pb stress condition, shown an extensive variation in 472 worldwide-collected rapeseed accessions. Based on the criterion of relative RL > 80%, six Pb-tolerant genotypes were selected. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Pb tolerance were identified by Genome-wide association study. The expression level of nine promising candidate genes, including GSTUs, BCATs, UBP13, TBR and HIPP01, located in these four QTL regions, were significantly higher or induced by Pb in Pb-tolerant accessions in comparison to Pb-sensitive accessions. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study on Pb-tolerant germplasms and genomic loci in B. napus. The findings can provide valuable genetic resources for the breeding of Pb-tolerant B. napus cultivars and understanding of Pb tolerance mechanism in Brassica species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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15
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Aslam M, Aslam A, Sheraz M, Ali B, Ulhassan Z, Najeeb U, Zhou W, Gill RA. Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587785. [PMID: 33633751 PMCID: PMC7901902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are the major contributors to global food supply, accounting for more than half of the total human calorie requirements. Sustainable availability of quality cereal grains is an important step to address the high-priority issue of food security. High concentrations of heavy metals specifically lead (Pb) in the soil negatively affect biochemical and physiological processes regulating grain quality in cereals. The dietary intake of Pb more than desirable quantity via food chain is a major concern for humans, as it can predispose individuals to chronic health issues. In plant systems, high Pb concentrations can disrupt several key metabolic processes such as electron transport chain, cellular organelles integrity, membrane stability index, PSII connectivity, mineral metabolism, oxygen-evolving complex, and enzymatic activity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been recommended as an inexpensive strategy for remediating Pb-contaminated soils. A diverse group of Ascomycetes fungi, i.e., dark septate endophytes is successfully used for this purpose. A symbiotic relationship between endophytes and host cereal induces Pb tolerance by immobilizing Pb ions. Molecular and cellular modifications in plants under Pb-stressed environments are explained by transcription factor families such as bZIP, ERF, and GARP as a regulator. The role of metal tolerance protein (MTP), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), and heavy metal ATPase in decreasing Pb toxicity is well known. In the present review, we provided the contemporary synthesis of existing data regarding the effects of Pb toxicity on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of major cereal crops. We also highlighted the mechanism/s of Pb uptake and translocation in plants, critically discussed the possible management strategies and way forward to overcome the menace of Pb toxicity in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sheraz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Crop Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory of Biology and GeneticImprovement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rafaqat Ali Gill, ;
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16
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Hussain F, Hadi F, Akbar F. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles and thidiazuron enhance lead phytoaccumulation and antioxidative response in Raphanus sativus L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30333-30347. [PMID: 31435910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effects of thidiazuron (TDZ) growth regulator and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles on radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under lead (Pb) stress. Effects of TDZ and MgO on seed germination, growth, biomass, total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant potential, and Pb phytoaccumulation in different plant parts were assessed. Nanoparticles of MgO were synthesized with leaf extract of Sageretia thea (Osbeck) plant. Thidiazuron and MgO nanoparticles were added to growth media in individual and in combinations. Lead (50 mg L-1) was added to growth media. Thidiazuron and MgO nanoparticles increased plant growth, phenolic and flavonoid contents, free radical scavenging activity, and lead phytoaccumulation. The increase was highly significant in TDZ and MgO nanoparticle combination treatments (T5, T6). Treatment (T6) showed a sixfold increase in Pb accumulation (1721.73 ± 17.4 μg g-1 dry biomass) as compared to control (274.29 ± 4.23 μg-1g-1). Total phenolic and dry biomass showed significantly positive correlation in leaves (R2 = 0.73), stem (R2 = 0.58), and roots (R2 = 0.72). The correlation of Pb accumulation and phenolic contents was significantly positive in root (R2 = 0.80), stem (R2 = 0.92), and leaves (R2 = 0.69). Flavonoid showed a positive correlation with dry biomass and Pb accumulation. Antioxidant activity was highly increased in leaves followed by stem and root. Findings show that TDZ in combination with MgO nanoparticles can play a significant role in secondary metabolite production and Pb phytoaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KPK, Pakistan.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, KPK, Mingora, Pakistan
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17
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Sil P, Das P, Biswas S, Mazumdar A, Biswas AK. Modulation of photosynthetic parameters, sugar metabolism, polyamine and ion contents by silicon amendments in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings exposed to arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13630-13648. [PMID: 30919191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to consider the effectiveness of exogenous silicate supplementation in reviving the arsenate imposed alterations on pigment content, Hill activity, photosynthetic parameters, sugar metabolism, polyamine, and ion contents in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. PBW-343) seedlings. Experiments were conducted under different levels of arsenate (0, 25 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) in combination with silicate (0, 5 mM) in a hydroponic environment with modified Hoagland's solution for 21 days to determine the ameliorative role of silicon (Si). Arsenate exposure led to a decline in chlorophyll content by 28% and Hill activity by 30% on an average along with photosynthetic parameters. Activity of starch phosphorylase increased causing a subsequent decrease in starch contents by 26%. Degradation of starch enhanced sugar contents by 61% in the test cultivar. Dose-dependant increments in the activities of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes viz., sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase, and acid invertase were also noted. Putrescine content was significantly enhanced along with a consequent decline in spermidine and spermine contents. The macro- and micronutrient contents declined proportionally with arsenate imposition. Conversely, silicate amendments irrespective of all arsenate concentrations brought about considerable alterations in all parameters tested with respect to arsenate treatment alone. Marked improvement in pigment content and Hill activity also improved the gas exchange parameters. Soluble sugar contents decreased and starch contents were enhanced. Increase in polyamine contents improved the ionic balance in the test cultivar as well. This study highlights the potentiality of silicon in ameliorating the ecotoxicological risks associated with arsenic pollution and the probable ability of silicon to offer an approach in mitigating arsenate-induced stress leading to restoration of growth and metabolism in wheat seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palin Sil
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Prabal Das
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Soumyajit Biswas
- Regional-cum-Facilitation Centre (Eastern Region), National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Asis Mazumdar
- Regional-cum-Facilitation Centre (Eastern Region), National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Asok K Biswas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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18
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Wang X, Hussain B, Yaseen M, Aziz MZ, Yang X. Immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field using inorganic and organic additives. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17839. [PMID: 30546027 PMCID: PMC6292881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils has posed a risk to environment and human health. The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of soil amendments for reducing cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L) in a contaminated field. The soil amendments used include lime, DaSan Yuan (DASY), DiKang No.1 (DEK1), biochar, Fe-biochar, Yirang, phosphorus fertilizer, (Green Stabilizing Agent) GSA-1, GSA-2, GSA-3, and GSA-4, applied at 1% rate in a field experiment. The results exposed that GSA-4 treatment showed best effects on reducing Cd and Pb phytoavailability in soil and uptake by early rice. Linear increase in pH (i.e. 5.69 to 6.75) was recorded in GSA-4 amended soil from sowing to the 3rd month of growth season. GSA-4 decreased DTPA extractable contents of cadmium (Cd) from 0.324 to 0.136 mg kg−1 soil and lead (Pb) from 53.21 to 24.68 mg kg−1 soil at 90 days of amendment. Treatment with GSA-4 improved rice growth (56%) and grains yield (42%). The enhancement effects on grain yield may be result from the positive effects of GSA-4 application on increasing photosynthesis (116%) and transpiration rate (152%) as compared to the control. Significant reduction in Cd and Pb uptake in shoot (42% and 44%) and in grains (77 and 88%), was observed, respectively in GSA-4 treatment as compared with the control. Moreover, negative correlation was recorded between DTPA extractable Cd/Pb and soil pH that directly depended on applied amendments. In short, use of combined amendment (GSA-4) was more effective for immobilizing heavy metals in contaminated paddy field, and secures rice safe production, as compared other tested amendment products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahir Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38080, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Li Q, Wang H, Wang H, Zheng W, Wu D, Wang Z. Effects of kinetin on plant growth and chloroplast ultrastructure of two Pteris species under arsenate stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:37-43. [PMID: 29656162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CTKs) are effective in alleviating abiotic stresses on plants, but little information is available regarding the effects of CTKs on arsenic (As) accumulation and changes of chloroplast ultrastructure in plants with different As-accumulating ability. Here a hydroponic experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of different concentration of kinetin (KT, 0-40 mg/L) on growth and chloroplast ultrastructure of As hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica var. nervosa and non-hyperaccumulator Pteris ensiformis treated by 5 mg/L arsenate for 14 days. The growth parameters, As accumulation, contents of photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast ultrastructure were examined. The results showed that KT promoted the growth of two plants, and significantly increased As accumulation and translocation in P. cretica var. nervosa and P. ensiformis at 5 and 20 mg/L, respectively. Additionally, the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid in two plants showed no significant difference at 20 mg/L KT compared to the control. Chloroplast ultrastructure of P. cretica var. nervosa was integral with KT application. Comparatively, the swollen chloroplasts were increased, plasmolysis appeared, and chloroplast grana slice layers and stroma lamellas were clearly separated or distorted at 5 mg/L KT in P. ensiformis. The length and width of chloroplasts in P. cretica var. nervosa were significantly increased with KT addition compared to the control. However, the length of chloroplasts in P. ensiformis was significantly decreased but their width showed no significant change. Furthermore, the deterioration of chloroplast ultrastructure in P. ensiformis was ameliorated by 40 mg/L KT. These results suggested that KT increased As accumulation and was beneficial to maintain the photosynthetic pigments for a good growth of plants. Therefore, KT could maintain and reorganize the ultrastructure integrality of As-stressed chloroplasts to some extent for the two plants, especially at high concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchun Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongmo Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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20
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Wu Y, Jin X, Liao W, Hu L, Dawuda MM, Zhao X, Tang Z, Gong T, Yu J. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Alleviated Salinity Stress in Cucumber Seedlings by Enhancing Chlorophyll Synthesis Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:635. [PMID: 29868088 PMCID: PMC5962685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a common precursor of tetrapyrroles as well as a crucial growth regulator in higher plants. ALA has been proven to be effective in improving photosynthesis and alleviating the adverse effects of various abiotic stresses in higher plants. However, little is known about the mechanism of ALA in ameliorating the photosynthesis of plant under abiotic stress. In this paper, we studied the effects of exogenous ALA on salinity-induced damages of photosynthesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. We found that the morphology (plant height, leave area), light utilization capacity of PS II [qL, Y(II)] and gas exchange capacity (Pn, gs, Ci, and Tr) were significantly retarded under NaCl stress, but these parameters were all recovered by the foliar application of 25 mg L-1 ALA. Besides, salinity caused heme accumulation and up-regulation of gene expression of ferrochelatase (HEMH) with suppression of other genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis pathway. Exogenously application of ALA under salinity down-regulated the heme content and HEMH expression, but increased the gene expression levels of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA1), Mg-chelatase (CHLH), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Moreover, the contents of intermediates involved in chlorophyll branch were increased by ALA, including protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX, protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), and chlorophyll (Chl a and Chl b) under salt stress. Ultrastructural observation of mesophyll cell showed that the damages of photosynthetic apparatus under salinity were fixed by ALA. Collectively, the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway was enhanced by exogenous ALA to improve the tolerance of cucumber under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohammed M. Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Xingjie Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jihua Yu,
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21
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Zhu L, Qian X, Chen D, Ge M. Role of two 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthetic pathways in heme and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis orientalis. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 58:198-205. [PMID: 29164655 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the Amycolatopsis orientalis genome revealed that two genes, hemA1 and hemA2, belonging to divergent pathways, were involved in the biosynthesis of 5-aminolevulinic acid. The roles of hemA1 and hemA2 were elucidated via genetic manipulation and metabolite analysis. The disruption of hemA1, encoding the glutamyl-tRNAGlu reductase of the C5 pathway, was essential for cell growth and is used for heme synthesis. Overexpression of hemA1 resulted in elevated vancomycin and ECO-0501 production in Amycolatopsis orientalis, and it was also effective in increasing the production of daptomycin and natamycin in other Streptomycetes. The disruption of hemA2 indicated that it encodes the 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase of the Shemin pathway, serving as a key enzyme for the synthesis of the precursor aminohydroxycyclopentenone unit of ECO-0501. However, hemA2 disruption could not be complemented by the addition of 5-aminolevulinic acid or by the expression of hemA2 outside of the ECO-0501 gene cluster. The synthesis of ECO-0501 was only restored by the insertion of hemA2 at its original locus. The hemA2 gene could partly complement the hemA1 deficiency. Overexpression of hemA1, a key gene from the heme biosynthetic pathway, is proposed here as a new approach to improve the production of secondary metabolites in bacteria, whereas hemA2 plays different roles depending on its pattern of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Laiyi Center for Biopharmaceutical R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuping Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Ge
- Shanghai Laiyi Center for Biopharmaceutical R&D, Shanghai, China
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22
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Kang Z, Ding W, Gong X, Liu Q, Du G, Chen J. Recent advances in production of 5-aminolevulinic acid using biological strategies. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:200. [PMID: 29038905 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds and has broad applications in the medical and agricultural fields. Because of the disadvantages of chemical synthesis methods, microbial production of 5-ALA has drawn intensive attention and has been regarded as an alternative in the last years, especially with the rapid development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. In this mini-review, recent advances on the application and microbial production of 5-ALA using novel biological approaches (such as whole-cell enzymatic-transformation, metabolic pathway engineering and cell-free process) are described and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and prospects of synthetic biology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenwen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
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An Y, Feng X, Liu L, Xiong L, Wang L. ALA-Induced Flavonols Accumulation in Guard Cells Is Involved in Scavenging H 2O 2 and Inhibiting Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1713. [PMID: 27895660 PMCID: PMC5108921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new plant growth regulator, can inhibit stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 accumulation in guard cells. Flavonols are a main kind of flavonoids and have been proposed as H2O2 scavengers in guard cells. 5-aminolevulinic acid can significantly improve flavonoids accumulation in plants. However, whether ALA increases flavonols content in guard cells and the role of flavonols in ALA-regulated stomatal movement remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that ALA pretreatment inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 accumulation in guard cells of Arabidopsis seedlings. This result confirms the inhibitory effect of ALA on stomatal closure and the important role of decreased H2O2 accumulation in this process. We also found that ALA significantly improved flavonols accumulation in guard cells using a flavonol-specific dye. Furthermore, using exogenous quercetin and kaempferol, two major components of flavonols in Arabidopsis leaves, we showed that flavonols accumulation inhibited ABA-induced stomatal movement by suppressing H2O2 in guard cells. Finally, we showed that the inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was largely impaired in flavonoid-deficient transparent testa4 (tt4) mutant. In addition, exogenous flavonols recovered stomatal responses of tt4 to the wild-type levels. Taken together, we conclude that ALA-induced flavonol accumulation in guard cells is partially involved in the inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced H2O2 accumulation and stomatal closure. Our data provide direct evidence that ALA can regulate stomatal movement by improving flavonols accumulation, revealing new insights into guard cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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24
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Gill RA, Ali B, Cui P, Shen E, Farooq MA, Islam F, Ali S, Mao B, Zhou W. Comparative transcriptome profiling of two Brassica napus cultivars under chromium toxicity and its alleviation by reduced glutathione. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:885. [PMID: 27821044 PMCID: PMC5100228 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) being multifarious industrial used element, is considered a potential environmental threat. Cr found to be a prospective water and soil pollutant, and thus it is a current area of concern. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is well known as a major source of edible oil around the globe. Due to its higher growth, larger biomass and capability to uptake toxic materials B. napus is considered a potential candidate plant against unfavorable conditions. To date, no study has been done that described the Cr and GSH mechanism at RNA-Seq level. RESULTS Both digital gene expression (DGE) and transcriptome profile analysis (TPA) approaches had opened new insights to uncover the several number of genes related to Cr stress and GSH alleviating mechanism in two leading cultivars (ZS 758 and Zheda 622) of B. napus plants. Data showed that Cr inhibited KEGG pathways i.e. stilbenoid, diarlyheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis; limonene and pentose degradation and glutathione metabolism in ZS 758; and ribosome and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Zheda-622. On the other hand, vitamin B6, tryptophan, sulfur, nitrogen and fructose and manose metabolisms were induced in ZS 758, and zeatin biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism pathways in Zheda 622. Cr increased the TFs that were related to hydralase activity, antioxidant activity, catalytic activity phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activity in ZS 758, and vitamin binding and oxidoreductase activity in Zheda 622. Cr also up-regulated the promising proteins related to intracellular membrane bounded organelles, nitrile hyrdatase activity, cytoskeleton protein binding and stress response. It also uncovered, a novel Cr-responsive protein (CL2535.Contig1_All) that was statistically increased as compared to control and GSH treated plants. Exogenously applied GSH successfully not only recovered the changes in metabolic pathways but also induced cysteine and methionine metabolism in ZS 758 and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis pathways in Zheda 622. Furthermore, GSH increased the level of TFs i.e. the gene expression of antioxidant and catalytic activities, iron ion binding and hydrolase activity as compared with Cr. Moreover, results pointed out a novel GSH responsive protein (CL827.Contig3_All) whose expression was found to be significantly increased when compared than Cr stress. Results further delineated that GSH induced TFs such as glutathione disulphide oxidoreducatse and aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity, and beta glucosidase activity in ZS 758. Similarly in Zheda 622, GSH induced the TFs for instance DNA binding and protein dimerization activity. GSH also highlighted the proteins that were involved in transportation, photosynthesis process, RNA polymerase activity, and against the metal toxicity. These results indicated that cultivar ZS 758 had better metabolism and showed higher tolerance against Cr toxicity. CONCLUSION The responses of ZS 758 and Zheda 622 differed considerably at both physiological and transcriptional level. Moreover, RNA-Seq method explored the hazardous behavior of Cr as well as GSH up-regulating mechanism by activating plant metabolism, stress responsive genes, TFs and protein encyclopedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat A Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Peng Cui
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Enhui Shen
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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25
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Khan M, Daud MK, Basharat A, Khan MJ, Azizullah A, Muhammad N, Muhammad N, Ur Rehman Z, Zhu SJ. Alleviation of lead-induced physiological, metabolic, and ultramorphological changes in leaves of upland cotton through glutathione. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8431-40. [PMID: 26782322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants face changes in leaves under lead (Pb) toxicity. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has several functions in plant metabolism, but its role in alleviating Pb toxicity in cotton leaves is still unknown. In the present study, cotton seedlings (28 days old) were exposed to 500 μM Pb and 50 μM GSH, both alone and in combination, for a period of 10 days, in the Hoagland solution under controlled growth conditions. Results revealed Pb-induced changes in cotton's leaf morphology, photosynthesis, and oxidative metabolism. However, exogenous application of GSH restored leaf growth. GSH triggered build up of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents and boosted fluorescence ratios (F v/F m and F v/F 0). Moreover, GSH reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Pb contents in cotton leaves. Results further revealed that total soluble protein contents were decreased under Pb toxicity; however, exogenously applied GSH improved these contents in cotton leaves. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) were also increased by GSH application under Pb toxicity. Microscopic analysis showed that excess Pb shattered thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts. However, GSH stabilized ultrastructure of Pb-stressed cotton leaves. These findings suggested that exogenously applied GSH lessened the adverse effects of Pb and improved cotton's tolerance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Khan
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - M K Daud
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ali Basharat
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Khan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shui Jin Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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26
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An Y, Liu L, Chen L, Wang L. ALA Inhibits ABA-induced Stomatal Closure via Reducing H2O2 and Ca(2+) Levels in Guard Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:482. [PMID: 27148309 PMCID: PMC4826879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a newly proved natural plant growth regulator, is well known to improve plant photosynthesis under both normal and stressful conditions. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Stomatal closure is one of the major limiting factors for photosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) is the most important hormone in provoking stomatal closing. Here, we showed that ALA significantly inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure using wild-type and ALA-overproducing transgenic Arabidopsis (YHem1). We found that ALA decreased ABA-induced H2O2 and cytosolic Ca(2+) accumulation in guard cells with stomatal bioassay, laser-scanning confocal microscopy and pharmacological methods. The inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was similar to that of AsA (an important reducing substrate for H2O2 removal), CAT (a H2O2-scavenging enzyme), DPI (an inhibitor of the H2O2-generating NADPH oxidase), EGTA (a Ca-chelating agent), and AlCl3 (an inhibitor of calcium channel). Furthermore, ALA inhibited exogenous H2O2- or Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closure. Taken together, we conclude that ALA inhibits ABA-induced stomatal closure via reducing H2O2, probably by scavenging, and Ca(2+) levels in guard cells. Moreover, the inhibitive effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was further confirmed in the whole plant. Finally, we demonstrated that ALA inhibits stomatal closing, but significantly improves plant drought tolerance. Our results provide valuable information for the promotion of plant production and development of a sustainable low-carbon society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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27
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ibrahim M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Abbas T, Ok YS. Mechanisms of biochar-mediated alleviation of toxicity of trace elements in plants: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2230-48. [PMID: 26531712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) contamination is one of the main abiotic stresses which limit plant growth and deteriorate the food quality by their entry into food chain. In recent, biochar (BC) soil amendment has been widely reported for the reduction of TE(s) uptake and toxicity in plants. This review summarizes the role of BC in enhancing TE(s) tolerance in plants. Under TE(s) stress, BC application increased plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, grain yield, and quality. The key mechanisms evoked are immobilization of TE(s) in the soil, increase in soil pH, alteration of TE(s) redox state in the soil, and improvement in soil physical and biological properties under TE(s) stress. However, these mechanisms vary with plant species, genotypes, growth conditions, duration of stress imposed, BC type, and preparation methods. This review highlights the potential for improving plant resistance to TE(s) stress by BC application and provides a theoretical basis for application of BC in TE(s) contaminated soils worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
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28
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Zhou X, Wang Y, Si J, Zhou R, Gan L, Di C, Xie Y, Zhang H. Laser controlled singlet oxygen generation in mitochondria to promote mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16925. [PMID: 26577055 PMCID: PMC4649627 DOI: 10.1038/srep16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports have shown that a certain level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can promote mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. However, it is unclear whether it is the mitochondrial ROS that stimulate mtDNA replication and this requires further investigation. Here we employed a photodynamic system to achieve controlled mitochondrial singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. HeLa cells incubated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) were exposed to laser irradiation to induce 1O2 generation within mitochondria. Increased mtDNA copy number was detected after low doses of 630 nm laser light in ALA-treated cells. The stimulated mtDNA replication was directly linked to mitochondrial 1O2 generation, as verified using specific ROS scavengers. The stimulated mtDNA replication was regulated by mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mtDNA polymerase γ. MtDNA control region modifications were induced by 1O2 generation in mitochondria. A marked increase in 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) level was detected in ALA-treated cells after irradiation. HeLa cell growth stimulation and G1-S cell cycle transition were also observed after laser irradiation in ALA-treated cells. These cellular responses could be due to a second wave of ROS generation detected in mitochondria. In summary, we describe a controllable method of inducing mtDNA replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yupei Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine Institute of Nuclear Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key laboratory of Heavy-ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
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29
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Wang L, Yang H, Liu R, Fan G. Detoxification strategies and regulation of oxygen production and flowering of Platanus acerifolia under lead (Pb) stress by transcriptome analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12747-12758. [PMID: 25913316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal pollution is a major environmental problem that has received wide attention. Platanus acerifolia (London plane tree) is an important greening tree species that can adapt to environmental pollution. The genetic basis and molecular mechanisms associated with the ability of P. acerifolia to respond lead (Pb) stress have not been reported so far. In this study, 16,246 unigenes differentially expressed unigenes that were obtained from P. acerifolia under Pb stress using next-generation sequencing. Essential pathways such as photosynthesis, and gibberellins and glutathione metabolism were enriched among the differentially expressed unigenes. Furthermore, many important unigenes, including antioxidant enzymes, plants chelate compounds, and metal transporters involved in defense and detoxification mechanisms, were differentially expressed in response to Pb stress. The unigenes encoding the oxygen-evolving enhancer Psb and OEE protein families were downregulated in Pb-stressed plants, implying that oxygen production might decrease in plants under Pb stress. The relationship between gibberellin and P. acerifolia flowering is also discussed. The information and new insights obtained in this study will contribute to further investigations into the molecular regulation mechanisms of Pb accumulation and tolerance in greening tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
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Andrade VL, Mateus ML, Batoréu MC, Aschner M, Marreilha dos Santos AP. Lead, Arsenic, and Manganese Metal Mixture Exposures: Focus on Biomarkers of Effect. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:13-23. [PMID: 25693681 PMCID: PMC4470849 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing exposure of human populations to excessive levels of metals continues to represent a matter of public health concern. Several biomarkers have been studied and proposed for the detection of adverse health effects induced by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn); however, these studies have relied on exposures to each single metal, which fails to replicate real-life exposure scenarios. These three metals are commonly detected in different environmental, occupational, and food contexts and they share common neurotoxic effects, which are progressive and once clinically apparent may be irreversible. Thus, chronic exposure to low levels of a mixture of these metals may represent an additive risk of toxicity. Building upon their shared mechanisms of toxicity, such as oxidative stress, interference with neurotransmitters, and effects on the hematopoietic system, we address putative biomarkers, which may assist in assessing the onset of neurological diseases associated with exposure to this metal mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- VL Andrade
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - ML Mateus
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - MC Batoréu
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461 NY, USA
| | - AP Marreilha dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Corresponding author – , Tel – 351217946400, Fax - 351217946470
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Bokor B, Bokorová S, Ondoš S, Švubová R, Lukačová Z, Hýblová M, Szemes T, Lux A. Ionome and expression level of Si transporter genes (Lsi1, Lsi2, and Lsi6) affected by Zn and Si interaction in maize. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6800-11. [PMID: 25430013 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential microelement involved in various plant physiological processes. However, in excess, Zn becomes toxic and represents serious problem for plants resulting in Zn toxicity symptoms and decreasing biomass production. The effect of high Zn and its combination with silicon (Si) on ionome and expression level of ZmLsi genes was investigated in maize (Zea mays, L; hybrid Novania). Plants were cultivated hydroponically in different treatments: control (C), Zn (800 μM ZnSO4 · 7H2O), Si5 (5 mM of sodium silicate solution), and Si5 + Zn (combination of Zn and Si treatments). Growth of plants cultivated for 10 days was significantly inhibited in the presence of high Zn concentration and also by Zn and Si interaction in plants. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and mineral element concentration in tissues, root ionome was significantly altered in both Zn and Si5 + Zn treatments in comparison to control. Mineral elements Mn, Fe, Ca, P, Mg, Ni, Co, and K significantly decreased, and Se increased in Zn and Si5 + Zn treatments. Shoot ionome was less affected than root ionome. Concentration of shoot Cu, Mn, and P decreased, and Mo increased in Zn and Si5 + Zn treatments. The PCA also revealed that the responsibility for ionome changes is mainly due to Zn exposure and also, but less, by Si application to Zn stressed plants. Expression level of Lsi1 and Lsi2 genes for the Si influx and efflux transporters was downregulated in roots after Si supply and even more downregulated by Zinc alone and also by Zn and Si interaction. Expression level of shoot Lsi6 gene was differently regulated in the first and second leaf. These results indicate negative effect of high Zn alone and also in interaction with Si on Lsi gene expression level and together with ionomic data, it was shown that homeostatic network of mineral elements was disrupted and caused negative alterations in mineral nutrition of young maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia,
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