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Sinning J, Funk ND, Soerensen-Zender I, Wulfmeyer VC, Liao CM, Haller H, Hinze C, Schmidt-Ott KM, Melk A, Schmitt R. The aging kidney is characterized by tubuloinflammaging, a phenotype associated with MHC-II gene expression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222339. [PMID: 37675124 PMCID: PMC10477980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Even during physiologic aging, the kidney experiences a loss of mass and a progressive functional decline. This is clinically relevant as it leads to an increased risk of acute and chronic kidney disease. The kidney tubular system plays an important role in the underlying aging process, but the involved cellular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Methods Kidneys of 3-, 12- and 24-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were used for RNA sequencing, histological examination, immunostaining and RNA-in-situ-hybridization. Single cell RNA sequencing data of differentially aged murine and human kidneys was analyzed to identify age-dependent expression patterns in tubular epithelial cells. Senescent and non-senescent primary tubular epithelial cells from mouse kidney were used for in vitro experiments. Results During normal kidney aging, tubular cells adopt an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by the expression of MHC class II related genes. In our analysis of bulk and single cell transcriptional data we found that subsets of tubular cells show an age-related expression of Cd74, H2-Eb1 and H2-Ab1 in mice and CD74, HLA-DQB1 and HLADRB1 in humans. Expression of MHC class II related genes was associated with a phenotype of tubular cell senescence, and the selective elimination of senescent cells reversed the phenotype. Exposure to the Cd74 ligand MIF promoted a prosenescent phenotype in tubular cell cultures. Discussion Together, these data suggest that during normal renal aging tubular cells activate a program of 'tubuloinflammaging', which might contribute to age-related phenotypical changes and to increased disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Sinning
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils David Funk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Soerensen-Zender
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Chieh Ming Liao
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Krammer C, Yang B, Reichl S, Besson-Girard S, Ji H, Bolini V, Schulte C, Noels H, Schlepckow K, Jocher G, Werner G, Willem M, El Bounkari O, Kapurniotu A, Gokce O, Weber C, Mohanta S, Bernhagen J. Pathways linking aging and atheroprotection in Mif-deficient atherosclerotic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22752. [PMID: 36794636 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of our arteries and the main underlying pathology of myocardial infarction and stroke. The pathogenesis is age-dependent, but the links between disease progression, age, and atherogenic cytokines and chemokines are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in atherogenic Apoe-/- mice across different stages of aging and cholesterol-rich high-fat diet (HFD). MIF promotes atherosclerosis by mediating leukocyte recruitment, lesional inflammation, and suppressing atheroprotective B cells. However, links between MIF and advanced atherosclerosis across aging have not been systematically explored. We compared effects of global Mif-gene deficiency in 30-, 42-, and 48-week-old Apoe-/- mice on HFD for 24, 36, or 42 weeks, respectively, and in 52-week-old mice on a 6-week HFD. Mif-deficient mice exhibited reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the 30/24- and 42/36-week-old groups, but atheroprotection, which in the applied Apoe-/- model was limited to lesions in the brachiocephalic artery and abdominal aorta, was not detected in the 48/42- and 52/6-week-old groups. This suggested that atheroprotection afforded by global Mif-gene deletion differs across aging stages and atherogenic diet duration. To characterize this phenotype and study the underlying mechanisms, we determined immune cells in the periphery and vascular lesions, obtained a multiplex cytokine/chemokine profile, and compared the transcriptome between the age-related phenotypes. We found that Mif deficiency promotes lesional macrophage and T-cell counts in younger but not aged mice, with subgroup analysis pointing toward a role for Trem2+ macrophages. The transcriptomic analysis identified pronounced MIF- and aging-dependent changes in pathways predominantly related to lipid synthesis and metabolism, lipid storage, and brown fat cell differentiation, as well as immunity, and atherosclerosis-relevant enriched genes such as Plin1, Ldlr, Cpne7, or Il34, hinting toward effects on lesional lipids, foamy macrophages, and immune cells. Moreover, Mif-deficient aged mice exhibited a distinct plasma cytokine/chemokine signature consistent with the notion that mediators known to drive inflamm'aging are either not downregulated or even upregulated in Mif-deficient aged mice compared with the corresponding younger ones. Lastly, Mif deficiency favored formation of lymphocyte-rich peri-adventitial leukocyte clusters. While the causative contributions of these mechanistic pillars and their interplay will be subject to future scrutiny, our study suggests that atheroprotection due to global Mif-gene deficiency in atherogenic Apoe-/- mice is reduced upon advanced aging and identifies previously unrecognized cellular and molecular targets that could explain this phenotype shift. These observations enhance our understanding of inflamm'aging and MIF pathways in atherosclerosis and may have implications for translational MIF-directed strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Krammer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Bishan Yang
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reichl
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hao Ji
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Bolini
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Schulte
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Aachen, Rhenish-Westphalian Technical University (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Schlepckow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Jocher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Division of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Hopper SE, Cuomo F, Ferruzzi J, Burris NS, Roccabianca S, Humphrey JD, Figueroa CA. Comparative Study of Human and Murine Aortic Biomechanics and Hemodynamics in Vascular Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746796. [PMID: 34759837 PMCID: PMC8573132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging has many effects on the cardiovascular system, including changes in structure (aortic composition, and thus stiffening) and function (increased proximal blood pressure, and thus cardiac afterload). Mouse models are often used to gain insight into vascular aging and mechanisms of disease as they allow invasive assessments that are impractical in humans. Translation of results from murine models to humans can be limited, however, due to species-specific anatomical, biomechanical, and hemodynamic differences. In this study, we built fluid-solid-interaction (FSI) models of the aorta, informed by biomechanical and imaging data, to compare wall mechanics and hemodynamics in humans and mice at two equivalent ages: young and older adults. Methods: For the humans, 3-D computational models were created using wall property data from the literature as well as patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and non-invasive hemodynamic data; for the mice, comparable models were created using population-based properties and hemodynamics as well as subject-specific anatomies. Global aortic hemodynamics and wall stiffness were compared between humans and mice across age groups. Results: For young adult subjects, we found differences between species in pulse pressure amplification, compliance and resistance distribution, and aortic stiffness gradient. We also found differences in response to aging between species. Generally, the human spatial gradients of stiffness and pulse pressure across the aorta diminished with age, while they increased for the mice. Conclusion: These results highlight key differences in vascular aging between human and mice, and it is important to acknowledge these when using mouse models for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Hopper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Federica Cuomo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacopo Ferruzzi
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Burris
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara Roccabianca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - C. Alberto Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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4
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Morselli F, Faconti L, Mills CE, Morant S, Chowienczyk PJ, Yeung JA, Cavarape A, Cruickshank JK, Webb AJ. Dietary nitrate prevents progression of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis through blood pressure-independent mechanisms in patients with or at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4726-4736. [PMID: 33982797 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To test if 6 months' intervention with dietary nitrate and spironolactone could affect carotid subclinical atherosclerosis and stiffness, respectively, vs. placebo/doxazosin, to control for blood pressure (BP). METHODS A subgroup of participants in our double-blind, randomized-controlled, factorial VaSera trial had carotid imaging. Patients with hypertension and with/at risk of type 2 diabetes were randomized to active nitrate-containing beetroot juice or placebo nitrate-depleted juice, and spironolactone or doxazosin. Vascular ultrasound for carotid diameter (CD, mm) and intima-media thickness (CIMT, mm) was performed at baseline, 3- and 6-months. Carotid local stiffness (CS, m/s) was estimated from aortic pulse pressure (Arteriograph) and carotid lumen area. Data were analysed by modified intention to treat and using mixed-model effect, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS In total, 93 subjects had a baseline evaluation and 86% had follow-up data. No statistical interactions occurred between the juice and drug arms and BP was similar between the juices and between the drugs. Nitrate-containing vs. placebo juice significantly lowered CIMT (-0.06 [95% confidence interval -0.12, -0.01], P = .034), an overall difference of ~8% relative to baseline; but had no effect on CD or CS. Doxazosin appeared to reduce CS from baseline (-0.34 [-0.62, -0.06]) however, no difference was detected vs. spironolactone (-0.15 [-0.46, 0.16]). No differences were detected between spironolactone or doxazosin on CIMT and CD. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that 6 months' intervention with dietary nitrate influences vascular remodelling, but not carotid stiffness or diameter. Neither spironolactone nor doxazosin had a BP-independent effect on carotid structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Morselli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, UK.,Dipartimento di Area Medica, Clinica Medica, Universita' degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luca Faconti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charlotte E Mills
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK.,Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steven Morant
- Medicines Monitoring Unit (MEMO), University of Dundee, UK
| | - Philip J Chowienczyk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, UK.,King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joshua Au Yeung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Cavarape
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Clinica Medica, Universita' degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - J Kennedy Cruickshank
- King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Webb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical Research Facility, 4th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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5
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Lortz J, Halfmann L, Burghardt A, Steinmetz M, Radecke T, Jánosi RA, Rassaf T, Rammos C. Rapid and automated risk stratification by determination of the aortic stiffness in healthy subjects and subjects with cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216538. [PMID: 31083703 PMCID: PMC6513068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; thus, simple, rapid and preferably automated techniques are indispensable for pursuing a global risk stratification approach. We present an oscillometric technique for determination of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), including the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, with emphasis on the training curve and procedural duration. Methods In a single-centre crossover study, we evaluated subjects free of known cardiovascular disease (CVD), subjects with CVD and a subgroup of subjects with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in terms of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and PWV measurements determined by oscillometry compared to tonometry. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship of the PWV measurements determined by both methods. Moreover, the time and cost of the examinations were compared. Results A total of 176 study subjects underwent assessments to obtain oscillometric and tonometric PWV measurements. The CVD-free subjects (n = 59) were younger (60.4±15.6 vs. 67.5±12.9 years, p = 0.003) than the subjects with CVD (n = 117). The PWV measurements showed significant correlations in CVD-free subjects (r = 0.797, p<0.001), in subjects with CVD (r = 0.817, p<0.001) and in the subgroup of subjects with PAD (r = 0.807, p<0.001). The examination duration was shorter for the oscillometric method than the tonometric method (4.4±0.5 vs. 9.2±0.8 min, p<0.001). Conclusion Using a simple and rapid automated oscillometric method, we achieved good diagnostic accuracy for the determination of aortic stiffness through the PWV in both subjects with and without CVD. This method might be helpful in daily practice in terms of saving time and reducing procedural complexity for screening for cardiovascular morbidities and vascular damage in cases of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lortz
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lennard Halfmann
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amelie Burghardt
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Steinmetz
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Radecke
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rolf Alexander Jánosi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christos Rammos
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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6
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Effects of long-term nitrate supplementation on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation in male obese type 2 diabetic rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 75:27-41. [PMID: 29432804 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Supplementation with inorganic nitrate to boost the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, may act as a potential therapeutic agent in diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrate on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation in obese type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, control + nitrate, diabetes, and diabetes + nitrate. Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet and low-dose of streptozotocin. Sodium nitrate (100 mg/L in drinking water) was administered simultaneously for two months. Serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured every 2-weeks. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured monthly. Serum thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) level and catalase activity were measured before and after treatment. At the end of the study, glucose, pyruvate, and insulin tolerance tests were done. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin content from isolated pancreatic islets were also assessed; mRNA expression of iNOS as well as mRNA expression and protein levels of GLUT4 in insulin-sensitive tissues, and serum IL-1β were determined. RESULTS Nitrate supplementation in diabetic rats significantly improved glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and catalase activity as well as decreased gluconeogenesis, fasting glucose, insulin, and IL-1β; although it had no significant effect on GSIS, islet insulin content, HbA1c, and serum TBARS. Compared to the controls, in diabetic rats, mRNA expression and protein levels of GLUT4 were significantly lower in the soleus muscle (54% and 34%, respectively) and epididymal adipose tissue (67% and 41%, respectively). In diabetic rats, nitrate administration increased GLUT4 mRNA expression and protein levels in both soleus muscle (215% and 17%, respectively) and epididymal adipose tissue (344% and 22%, respectively). In diabetic rats, nitrate significantly decreased elevated iNOS mRNA expression in both the soleus muscle and epididymal adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Chronic nitrate supplementation in obese type 2 diabetic rats improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia; these favorable effects were associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of GLUT4 and decreased mRNA expression of iNOS in insulin-sensitive tissues, and with decreased gluconeogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Myocardial Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Patients with Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6100095. [PMID: 29027966 PMCID: PMC5664010 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory protein and contributes to several different inflammatory and ischemic/hypoxic diseases. MIF was shown to be cardioprotective in experimental myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its expression is regulated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. We here report on MIF expression in the failing human heart and assess myocardial MIF in different types of cardiomyopathy. Myocardial tissue samples from n = 30 patients were analyzed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. MIF and HIF-1α mRNA expression was analyzed in myocardial samples from patients with ischemic (ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and from patients after heart transplantation (HTX). MIF expression was elevated in myocardial samples from patients with ICM compared to NICM. Transplanted hearts showed lower MIF levels compared to hearts from patients with ICM. Expression of HIF-1α was analyzed and was shown to be significantly increased in ICM patients compared to patients with NICM. MIF and HIF-1α mRNA is expressed in the human heart. MIF and HIF-1α expression depends on the underlying type of cardiomyopathy. Patients with ICM show increased myocardial MIF and HIF-1α expression.
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9
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Ghasemi A, Jeddi S. Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 2017; 70:9-24. [PMID: 28804022 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and type 2 diabetes to date is the most devastating complication of obesity. Decreased nitric oxide bioavailability is a feature of obesity and diabetes that links these two pathologies. Nitric oxide is synthesized both by nitric oxide synthase enzymes from l-arginine and nitric oxide synthase-independent from nitrate/nitrite. Nitric oxide production from nitrate/nitrite could potentially be used for nutrition-based therapy in obesity and diabetes. Nitric oxide deficiency also contributes to pathogeneses of cardiovascular disease and hypertension, which are associated with obesity and diabetes. This review summarizes pathways for nitric oxide production and focuses on the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. In addition to increasing nitric oxide production, nitrate and nitrite reduce oxidative stress, increase adipose tissue browning, have favorable effects on nitric oxide synthase expression, and increase insulin secretion, all effects that are potentially promising for management of obesity and diabetes. Based on current data, it could be suggested that amplifying the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway is a diet-based strategy for increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and the management of these two interlinked conditions. Adding nitrate/nitrite to drugs that are currently used for managing diabetes (e.g. metformin) and possibly anti-obesity drugs may also enhance their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Hypoxia in Obesity and Diabetes: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Hyperoxia and Nitrate. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5350267. [PMID: 28607631 PMCID: PMC5457776 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5350267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing worldwide. Obesity and diabetes are associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Obesity, a chronic hypoxic state that is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is one of the main causes of type 2 diabetes. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of several genes of the metabolic pathways including proinflammatory adipokines, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and insulin signaling components. It seems that adipose tissue hypoxia and NO-dependent vascular and cellular dysfunctions are responsible for other consequences linked to obesity-related disorders. Although hyperoxia could reverse hypoxic-related disorders, it increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreases the production of NO. Nitrate can restore NO depletion and has antioxidant properties, and recent data support the beneficial effects of nitrate therapy in obesity and diabetes. Although it seems reasonable to combine hyperoxia and nitrate treatments for managing obesity/diabetes, the combined effects have not been investigated yet. This review discusses some aspects of tissue oxygenation and the potential effects of hyperoxia and nitrate interventions on obesity/diabetes management. It can be proposed that concomitant use of hyperoxia and nitrate is justified for managing obesity and diabetes.
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Pohl J, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Stock P, Luedike P, Rassaf T. Elevated MIF-2 levels predict mortality in critically ill patients. J Crit Care 2017; 40:52-57. [PMID: 28329734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE D-dopachrome tautomerase (MIF-2 or DDT) is a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) superfamily and a close structural homolog to MIF. Circulating MIF-2 has been described to be elevated in patients suffering from sepsis, severe burn injury and after surgery. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of MIF-2 in critically ill patients. METHODS A total of 72 patients were studied upon admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). MIF and MIF-2 levels were assessed and compared to healthy controls. Clinical data, various laboratory parameters and mortality were assessed. RESULTS We found significantly elevated levels of MIF-2 and MIF at admission to the ICU in critically ill patients compared to healthy controls. MIF-2 levels were associated with disease severity as measured by APACHE II scores. MIF-2 levels in ICU patients correlated with biomarkers reflecting organ damage, but were not influenced by acute or chronic kidney disease. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed distinctly elevated mortality in patients with high plasma MIF-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS MIF-2 levels are elevated in critically ill patients and linked to parameters of organ damage, supporting its value as a potential tool for the assessment of prognosis in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pohl
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A, Carlström M, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Association between Dietary Intakes of Nitrate and Nitrite and the Risk of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120811. [PMID: 28009811 PMCID: PMC5188466 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The association of habitual intakes of dietary nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) with blood pressure and renal function is not clear. Here, we investigated a potential effect of dietary NO3− and NO2− on the occurrence of hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A total of 2799 Iranian adults aged ≥20 years, participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), were included and followed for a median of 5.8 years. Dietary intakes of NO3− and NO2− were estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and during follow-up examinations. To identify the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HTN and CKD across tertile categories of residual energy-adjusted NO3− and NO2− intakes, multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results: Dietary intake of NO3− had no significant association with the risk of HTN or CKD. Compared to the lowest tertile category (median intake < 6.04 mg/day), the highest intake (median intake ≥ 12.7 mg/day) of dietary NO2− was accompanied with a significant reduced risk of HTN, in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.33–0.98; p for trend = 0.054). The highest compared to the lowest tertile of dietary NO2− was also accompanied with a reduced risk of CKD (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.24–0.89, p for trend = 0.07). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that higher intakes of NO2− might be an independent dietary protective factor against the development of HTN and CKD, which are major risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
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Pohl J, Papathanasiou M, Heisler M, Stock P, Kelm M, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Rassaf T, Luedike P. Renal replacement therapy neutralizes elevated MIF levels in septic shock. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:39. [PMID: 27313864 PMCID: PMC4910205 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to amplify the immune response in septic animal models. Few clinical data support this pro-inflammatory role in septic patients. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) as adjuvants in the complex therapy of sepsis has been proposed as a possible approach to eliminate elevated circulating cytokines. Since recent data suggest that MIF can be effectively removed from the circulating blood pool in patients with chronic kidney disease, we here aimed to investigate whether RRT in septic shock can lower plasma levels of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in septic shock patients. METHODS An observational single-center study on an internist intensive care unit (ICU) was conducted. MIF plasma levels and mortality of n = 25 patients with septic shock were assessed with a previously validated method for reliable MIF values. The effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on daily MIF levels and mortality was assessed by comparing patients with and without need for CRRT due to acute kidney injury (AKI). RESULTS MIF plasma levels in patients undergoing CRRT due to septic AKI were steadily decreased compared to those from patients without CRRT hinting at a MIF removal by hemodialysis. MIF release during ICU stay as assessed by MIFAUC was lower in patients undergoing CRRT, and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a distinctly lower mortality in patients undergoing CRRT. Analysis of daily MIF levels showed that patients who did not survive septic shock exhibited steadily higher MIF plasma levels and higher MIFAUC compared to those surviving sepsis. Low MIF levels were closely associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study investigating the effect of efficient MIF removal from the plasma pool of patients with septic shock. Reduction of high circulating MIF by CRRT therapy was accompanied by improved survival. Thus, targeted removal of MIF from the circulating blood pool might be a promising approach to reduce mortality in severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pohl
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Heisler
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology and Department ofVascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Rammos C, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Totzeck M, Pohl J, Lüdike P, Flögel U, Deenen R, Köhrer K, French BA, Gödecke A, Kelm M, Rassaf T. Impact of dietary nitrate on age-related diastolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:599-610. [PMID: 27118445 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent, and ageing is the main contributor due to impairments in active cardiac relaxation, ventriculo-vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) affects cardiovascular functions, and NO bioavailability is critically reduced with ageing. Whether replenishment of NO deficiency with dietary inorganic nitrate would offer a novel approach to reverse age-related cardiovascular alterations was not known. METHODS AND RESULTS A dietary nitrate supplementation was applied to young (6 month) and old (20 month) wild-type mice for 8 weeks and compared with controls. High-resolution ultrasound, pressure-volume catheter techniques, and isolated heart measurements were applied to assess cardiac diastolic and vascular functions. Cardiac manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed to study the effects of dietary nitrate on myocyte calcium handling. In aged mice with preserved systolic function, dietary nitrate supplementation improved LV diastolic function, arterial compliance, and coronary flow reserve. Mechanistically, improved cardiovascular functions were associated with an accelerated cardiomyocyte calcium handling and augmented NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signalling, while enhanced nitrate reduction was related to age-related differences in the oral microbiome. CONCLUSION Dietary inorganic nitrate reverses age-related LV diastolic dysfunction and improves vascular functions. Our results highlight the potential of a dietary approach in the therapy of age-related cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Rammos
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Pohl
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Lüdike
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pohl J, Rammos C, Totzeck M, Stock P, Kelm M, Rassaf T, Luedike P. MIF reflects tissue damage rather than inflammation in post-cardiac arrest syndrome in a real life cohort. Resuscitation 2016; 100:32-7. [PMID: 26784134 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest (CA), neurological impairment and other types of organ dysfunction cause significant morbidity and mortality-a condition termed post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Whole-body ischemia/reperfusion with oxygen debt activates immunologic and coagulation pathways increasing the risk of multiple organ failure and infection. We here examined the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in post-cardiac arrest syndrome. METHODS MIF plasma levels of n=16 patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CA were assessed with a previously validated method and compared to markers of systemic inflammation and cellular damage. ICU patients without former CA and healthy volunteers served as controls. RESULTS MIF levels in patients after ROSC were higher compared to those in healthy volunteers and ICU patients without CA. Kaplan-Meyer analysis revealed a distinctly elevated mortality since day one that further increased towards an elevated 60-days-mortality in patients with high plasma MIF. ROC curve identified plasma MIF as a predictor for mortality in patients after CA. Correlation with inflammatory parameters revealed that high MIF levels did not mirror post CA inflammatory syndrome, but distinctive cellular damage after ROSC as there were strong correlations with markers of cellular damage like LDH and GOT/GPT. CONCLUSION High MIF levels were associated with elevated 60-days-mortality and high MIF predicted mortality after CA. We found a close relation between circulating MIF levels and cellular damage, but not with an inflammatory syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pohl
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Christos Rammos
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen 45147, Germany.
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Rammos C, Luedike P, Hendgen-Cotta U, Rassaf T. Potential of dietary nitrate in angiogenesis. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:652-657. [PMID: 26516419 PMCID: PMC4620076 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i10.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction with impaired bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is the hallmark in the development of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction leads to atherosclerosis, characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall and stepwise narrowing of the vessel lumen. Atherosclerosis causes deprivation of adequate tissue blood flow with compromised oxygen supply. To overcome this undersupply, remodeling of the vascular network is necessary to reconstitute and sustain tissue viability. This physiological response is often not sufficient and therapeutic angiogenesis remains an unmet medical need in critical limb ischemia or coronary artery disease. Feasible approaches to promote blood vessel formation are sparse. Administration of pro-angiogenic factors, gene therapy, or targeting of microRNAs has not yet entered the daily practice. Nitric oxide is an important mediator of angiogenesis that becomes limited under ischemic conditions and the maintenance of NO availability might constitute an attractive therapeutic target. Until recently it was unknown how the organism provides NO under ischemia. In recent years it could be demonstrated that NO can be formed independently of its enzymatic synthesis in the endothelium by reduction of inorganic nitrite under hypoxic conditions. Circulating nitrite derives from oxidation of NO or reduction of inorganic nitrate by commensal bacteria in the oral cavity. Intriguingly, nitrate is a common constituent of our everyday diet and particularly high concentrations are found in leafy green vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, or beetroot. Evidence suggests that dietary nitrate supplementation increases the regenerative capacity of ischemic tissue and that this effect may offer an attractive nutrition-based strategy to improve ischemia-induced revascularization. We here summarize and discuss the regenerative capacity of dietary nitrate on the vascular system.
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Filtration of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140215. [PMID: 26485680 PMCID: PMC4617461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are characterized by increased morbidity and mortality due to highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine that controls cellular signaling in human physiology, pathophysiology, and diseases. Increased MIF plasma levels promote vascular inflammation and development of atherosclerosis. We have shown that MIF is associated with vascular dysfunction in ESRD patients. Whether hemodialysis (HD) affects circulating MIF plasma levels is unknown. We here aimed to investigate whether HD influences the circulating MIF pool in ESRD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS An observational single-center study was conducted. MIF plasma levels in ESRD patients were assessed before, during, and after a HD session (n = 29). Healthy age-matched volunteers served as controls to compare correlations of MIF plasma levels with inflammatory plasma components (n = 20). MIF removed from the circulating blood pool could be detected in the dialysate and allowed for calculation of totally removed MIF (MIF content in dialysate 219±4 μg/HD-session). MIF plasma levels were markedly decreased 2 hour after initiation of HD (MIF plasma level pre-HD 84.8±6 ng/ml to intra-HD 61.2±5 ng/ml p<0.001) and were replenished already 20 min after termination of HD to basal levels (intra-HD 61.2±5 ng/ml to post-HD 79.8±5 ng/ml, p<0.001). CONCLUSION MIF is a dialyzable plasma component that is effectively filtrated during HD from the patient blood pool in large amounts. After removal of remarkable amounts of MIF during a single HD session, MIF plasma pool is early reconstituted after termination of HD from unknown sources.
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Pohl J, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Rammos C, Luedike P, Mull E, Stoppe C, Jülicher K, Lue H, Merx MW, Kelm M, Bernhagen J, Rassaf T. Targeted intracellular accumulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the reperfused heart mediates cardioprotection. Thromb Haemost 2015; 115:200-12. [PMID: 26310191 DOI: 10.1160/th15-05-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to be cytoprotective in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Since the exact mechanism of action is unknown, we here characterise the cardioprotective effects of targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF in myocardial I/R injury. We used different in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models of myocardial I/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury to determine MIF levels by immunoblots and ELISA in different phases of reperfusion and reoxygenation, respectively. We discovered a rapid decrease of cardiac MIF that was specific to the early phase of reperfusion. Posttranslational modification of MIF via S-nitrosation--proofed by a modified version of the Biotin Switch Assay--prevented this rapid decrease, leading to a targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF in the early phase of reperfusion. Intracellular MIF accumulation preserved the intracellular ability of MIF to reduce oxidative stress as shown by hydrogen peroxide and aconitase activity measurements. Infarct size measurements by TTC staining showed an overall enhanced cardioprotective effect of this protein by reduction of reperfusion injury. In summary, we have unravelled a novel mechanism of MIF-mediated cardioprotection. Targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF by S-nitrosation may offer a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of myocardial I/R-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tienush Rassaf
- Prof. Dr. Tienush Rassaf, West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45147 Essen, Germany, Tel.: +49 201 723 4801, Fax: +49 201 723 5401, E-mail:
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Toba H, de Castro Brás LE, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Lindsey ML, Bradshaw AD. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine facilitates age-related cardiac inflammation and macrophage M1 polarization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C972-82. [PMID: 25877699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00402.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in age-related cardiac inflammation, we studied six groups of mice: young (3-5 mo old), middle-aged (10-12 mo old), and old (18-29 mo old) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and SPARC-null (Null) mice (n = 7-10/group). Cardiac function and structure were determined by echocardiography. The left ventricle was used for cytokine gene array and macrophage quantification by immunohistochemistry. Macrophage infiltration increased with age in WT (n = 5-6/group, P < 0.05 for young vs. old), but not in Null. Proinflammatory markers (Ccl5, Cx3cl1, Ccr2, and Cxcr3) increased in middle-aged and old WT, whereas they were increased only in old Null compared with respective young (n = 5-6/group, P < 0.05 for all). These results suggest that SPARC deletion delayed age-related cardiac inflammation. To further assess how SPARC affects inflammation, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages with SPARC (n = 4). SPARC treatment increased expression of proinflammatory macrophage M1 markers and decreased anti-inflammatory M2 markers. Echocardiography (n = 7-10/group) revealed an age-related increase in wall thickness of the left ventricle in WT (0.76 ± 0.02 mm in young vs. 0.91 ± 0.03 mm in old; P < 0.05) but not in Null (0.78 ± 0.01 mm in young vs. 0.84 ± 0.02 mm in old). In conclusion, SPARC deletion delayed age-related increases in macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro. SPARC acts as an important mediator of age-related cardiac inflammation by increasing the expression of macrophage M1 markers and decreasing M2 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, and
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A, Kabir A, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Is dietary nitrate/nitrite exposure a risk factor for development of thyroid abnormality? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2015; 47:65-76. [PMID: 25889269 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The potential effects of inorganic nitrate/nitrite on global health are a much debated issue. In addition to possible methemoglobinemia and carcinogenic properties, anti-thyroid effects of nitrate/nitrite have been suggested. Considering the growing significance of nitrate/nitrite and since there is no comprehensive review in data available, clarifying the effect of nitrate/nitrite on thyroid disorder outcomes is essential. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review of experimental and clinical studies, and a meta-analysis of relevant cohort and cross-sectional studies investigating the association of nitrate/nitrite exposure and thyroid function. Most animal studies show that high exposure (~10-600 times of acceptable daily intake) to nitrate/nitrite induces anti-thyroid effects, including decreased serum level of thyroid hormones and histomorphological changes in thyroid gland; however no similar observations have been documented in humans. Based on our meta-analysis, no significant association was observed between nitrate exposure and the risk of thyroid cancer, hyper- and hypothyroidism; findings from three cohort studies however showed a significant association between higher exposure to nitrite and the risk of thyroid cancer (risk = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.02, P = 0.012). Additional research is needed to clarify the association between nitrate/nitrite exposures and both thyroid function and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dietary nitrate is a modifier of vascular gene expression in old male mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:658264. [PMID: 25838870 PMCID: PMC4369962 DOI: 10.1155/2015/658264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to a number of disadvantageous changes in the cardiovascular system. Deterioration of vascular homoeostasis with increase in oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide bioavailability results in endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular stiffness, and compromised arterial-ventricular interactions. A chronic dietary supplementation with the micronutrient nitrate has been demonstrated to improve vascular function. Healthy dietary patterns may regulate gene expression profiles. However, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. The changes that occur at the gene expression level and transcriptional profile following a nutritional modification with nitrate have not been elucidated. To determine the changes of the vascular transcriptome, we conducted gene expression microarray experiments on aortas of old mice, which were treated with dietary nitrate. Our results highlight differentially expressed genes overrepresented in gene ontology categories. Molecular interaction and reaction pathways involved in the calcium-signaling pathway and the detoxification system were identified. Our results provide novel insight to an altered gene-expression profile in old mice following nitrate supplementation. This supports the general notion of nutritional approaches to modulate age-related changes of vascular functions and its detrimental consequences.
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