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Ojha C, Sharma P, Jain V. Design, optimization, and evaluation of topical gel of Cardiospermum halicacabum and Ricinus communis L. leaves extract for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1584-1605. [PMID: 38613797 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2340872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to develop and assess the anti-arthritic properties of a topically herbal gel including leaf extracts from Cardiospermum halicacabum and Ricinus communis L. in rats. Utilizing gelling agents carbopol 940 (2.5, 5, 7.5 g), nine herbal gel compositions were created. Prepared formulations were then assessed for physical appearance, spreadability, viscosity, net content, pH, extrudability, in vitro diffusion profile, and main skin irritant tests. According to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) recommendations, the stability research for the topical herbal gel composition was completed, and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis technique was used to assess the anti-arthritic efficacy. Additional procedures included measuring the body weight, paw volume, biochemical and hematological variables, histological analysis, and in vitro serum biomarker detection. The prepared gels followed the instructions and were uniform and stable. F5 performed better than the other compositions in terms of release kinetics (97.20%). The gel proved safe and non-toxic since no erythema or edema was seen during the skin irritation test. Comparing the herbal gel F5 comprising carbopol 940 to rats with arthritis, the topical treatment showed considerable (p < .001) anti-arthritic effect. The anti-arthritic action of the gel formulations was confirmed by decreased paw volume, absence of agglutination in reacting protein and rheumatic factor, a decline in TNFα level, restoration to baseline biochemical and hematological characteristics, decrease in thymus and spleen weight, and histopathological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Ojha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ShriRam College of Pharmacy, Banmore, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ShriRam College of Pharmacy, Banmore, India
| | - Vinay Jain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ShriRam College of Pharmacy, Banmore, India
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Chatterjee A, Jayaprakasan M, Chakrabarty AK, Lakkaniga NR, Bhatt BN, Banerjee D, Narwaria A, Katiyar CK, Dubey SK. Comprehensive insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapies and herbal alternatives for effective disease management. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2764-2799. [PMID: 38522945 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by immune response overexpression, causing pain and swelling in the synovial joints. This condition is caused by auto-reactive antibodies that attack self-antigens due to their incapacity to distinguish between self and foreign molecules. Dysregulated activity within numerous signalling and immunological pathways supports the disease's development and progression, elevating its complexity. While current treatments provide some alleviation, their effectiveness is accompanied by a variety of adverse effects that are inherent in conventional medications. As a result, there is a deep-rooted necessity to investigate alternate therapeutic strategies capable of neutralizing these disadvantages. Medicinal herbs display a variety of potent bioactive phytochemicals that are effective in the complementary management of disease, thus generating an enormous potency for the researchers to delve deep into the development of novel phytomedicine against autoimmune diseases, although additional evidence and understanding are required in terms of their efficacy and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. This literature-based review highlights the dysregulation of immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis, analyses the pathophysiology, elucidates relevant signalling pathways involved, evaluates present and future therapy options and underscores the therapeutic attributes of a diverse array of medicinal herbs in addressing this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - Monisha Jayaprakasan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | | | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
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Ulvophyte Green Algae Caulerpa lentillifera: Metabolites Profile and Antioxidant, Anticancer, Anti-Obesity, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031365. [PMID: 36771032 PMCID: PMC9919714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae have excellent bioresource properties with potential nutritional and bioactive therapeutic benefits, but studies regarding Caulerpa lentillifera are limited. This study aims to explore the metabolites profile and the antioxidant, anticancer, anti-obesity, and in vitro cytotoxicity properties of fractionated ethanolic extract of C. lentillifera using two maceration and soxhlet extraction methods. Dried simplicia of C. lentillifera was mashed and extracted in ethanol solvent, concentrated and evaporated, then sequentially partitioned with equal volumes of ethyl acetate and n-Hexane. Six samples were used in this study, consisting of ME (Maceration-Ethanol), MEA (Maceration-Ethyl Acetate), MH (Maceration-n-Hexane), SE (Soxhletation-Ethanol), SEA (Soxhletation-Ethyl Acetate), and SH (Soxhletation-n-Hexane). Non-targeted metabolomic profiling was determined using LC-HRMS, while antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anticancer cytotoxicity were determined using DPPH and ABTS, lipase inhibition, and MTT assay, respectively. This study demonstrates that C. lentillifera has several functional metabolites, antioxidant capacity (EC50 MH is very close to EC50 of Trolox), as well as anti-obesity properties (EC50 MH < EC50 orlistat, an inhibitor of lipid hydrolyzing enzymes), which are useful as precursors for new therapeutic approaches in improving obesity-related diseases. More interestingly, ME, MH, and SE are novel bioresource agents for anticancer drugs, especially for hepatoma, breast, colorectal, and leukemia cancers. Finally, C. lentillifera can be a nutraceutical with great therapeutic benefits.
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Gangwar C, Yaseen B, Kumar I, Nayak R, Sarkar J, Baker A, Kumar A, Ojha H, Kumar Singh N, Mohan Naik R. Nano palladium/palladium oxide formulation using Ricinus communis plant leaves for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Goda MS, Elhady SS, Nafie MS, Bogari HA, Malatani RT, Hareeri RH, Badr JM, Donia MS. Phragmanthera austroarabica A.G.Mill. and J.A.Nyberg Triggers Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Assays: Simultaneous Determination of Selected Constituents. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100921. [PMID: 36295823 PMCID: PMC9611470 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phragmanthera austroarabica (Loranthaceae), a semi-parasitic plant, is well known for its high content of polyphenols that are responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Gallic acid, catechin, and methyl gallate are bioactive metabolites of common occurrence in the family of Loranthaceae. Herein, the concentrations of these bioactive metabolites were assessed using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Methyl gallate, catechin, and gallic acid were scanned at 280 nm. Their concentrations were assessed as 14.5, 6.5 and 43.6 mg/g of plant dry extract, respectively. Phragmanthera austroarabica extract as well as the three pure compounds were evaluated regarding the cytotoxic activity. The plant extract exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 breast cells with the IC50 value of 19.8 μg/mL while the tested pure compounds displayed IC50 values in the range of 21.26–29.6 μg/mL. For apoptosis investigation, P. austroarabica induced apoptotic cell death by 111-fold change and necrosis by 9.31-fold change. It also activated the proapoptotic genes markers and inhibited the antiapoptotic gene, validating the apoptosis mechanism. Moreover, in vivo studies revealed a significant reduction in the breast tumor volume and weight in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) mice. The treatment of SEC mice with P. austroarabica extract improved both hematological and biochemical parameters with amelioration in the liver and kidney histopathology to near normal. Taken together, P. austroarabica extract exhibited promising anti-cancer activity through an apoptosis-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.S.E.); (J.M.B.); Tel.: +966-544512552 (S.S.E.); +20-1091332451 (J.M.B.)
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hanin A. Bogari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raina T. Malatani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H. Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.S.E.); (J.M.B.); Tel.: +966-544512552 (S.S.E.); +20-1091332451 (J.M.B.)
| | - Marwa S. Donia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Soto KM, Luzardo-Ocampo I, López-Romero JM, Mendoza S, Loarca-Piña G, Rivera-Muñoz EM, Manzano-Ramírez A. Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) and Castor Bean (Ricinus communis) Ethanolic Extracts Displayed Antiproliferative Effects and induced Caspase 3 Activity in Human HT29 and SW480 Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102069. [PMID: 36297503 PMCID: PMC9609588 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising nanomaterials exhibiting anti-cancer effects. Green AuNPs synthesis using plant extracts can be used to achieve stable and beneficial nanoparticles due to their content of bioactive compounds. This research aimed to synthesize and evaluate the antiproliferative and caspase-3 activity induction of green AuNPs synthesized with common mullein (V. thapsus) flowers (AuNPsME) and castor bean (R. communis) leaves (AuNPsCE) ethanolic extracts in human HT29 and SW480 colorectal cancer cells. Their effect was compared with chemically synthesized AuNPs (AuNPsCS). The extracts mainly contained p-coumaric acid (71.88–79.93 µg/g), ferulic acid (19.07–310.71 µg/g), and rutin (8.14–13.31 µg/g). The obtained nanoparticles presented typical FT-IR bands confirming the inclusion of polyphenols from V. thapsus and R. communis and spherical/quasi-spherical morphologies with diameters in the 20.06–37.14 nm range. The nanoparticles (20–200 µg/mL) showed antiproliferative effects in both cell lines, with AuNPsCE being the most potent (IC50 HT29: 110.10 and IC50SW480: 64.57 µg/mL). The AuNPsCS showed the lowest intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in SW480 cells. All treatments induced caspase 3/7 activity to a similar or greater extent than 30 mM H2O2-treated cells. Results indicated the suitability of V. thapsus and R. communis extracts to synthesize AuNPs, displaying a stronger antiproliferative effect than AuNPsCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Soto
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. Unidad Querétaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
- Correspondence: (K.M.S.); (A.M.-R.)
| | - Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM-Campus Juriquilla), Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - José M. López-Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. Unidad Querétaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Research and Graduate Program in Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM-Campus Juriquilla), Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Manzano-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del I. P. N. Unidad Querétaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
- Correspondence: (K.M.S.); (A.M.-R.)
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Anwar S, Faisal Nadeem M, Pervaiz I, Khurshid U, Akmal N, Aamir K, Haseeb ur Rehman M, Almansour K, Alshammari F, Shaikh MF, Locatelli M, Ahemad N, Saleem H. A comprehensive phytochemical, biological, and toxicological studies of roots and aerial parts of Crotalaria burhia Buch.-Ham: An important medicinal plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988352. [PMID: 36212347 PMCID: PMC9533709 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to seek the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and toxicity potentials of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of aerial and root parts of Crotalaria burhia. Total bioactive content, high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) polyphenolic quantification, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) analysis were utilized to evaluate the phytochemical composition. Antioxidant [including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH)], 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation assays] and enzyme inhibition [against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase] assays were carried out for biological evaluation. The cytotoxicity was tested against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cell lines. The root-methanol extract contained the highest levels of phenolics (37.69 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoids (83.0 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract) contents, and was also the most active for DPPH (50.04 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract) and CUPRAC (139.96 mg Trolox equivalent /g extract) antioxidant assays. Likewise, the aerial-methanol extract exhibited maximum activity for ABTS (94.05 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract) and FRAP (64.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract) assays. The aerial-DCM extract was noted to be a convincing cholinesterase (AChE; 4.01 and BChE; 4.28 mg galantamine equivalent/g extract), and α-glucosidase inhibitor (1.92 mmol acarbose equivalent/g extract). All of the extracts exhibited weak to modest toxicity against the tested cell lines. A considerable quantities of gallic acid, catechin, 4-OH benzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, 3-OH-4-MeO benzaldehyde, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, naringenin, and carvacrol were quantified via HPLC-PDA analysis. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from roots and aerial parts revealed the tentative identification of important phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids, and glycoside derivatives. To conclude, this plant could be considered a promising source of origin for bioactive compounds with several therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Nadeem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Pervaiz
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Chenab, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Akmal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Aamir
- Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmacy, Canal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb ur Rehman
- Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmacy, Canal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
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Evaluation of Prebiotic Properties of Galactooligosaccharides Produced by Transgalactosylation Using Partially Purified β-Galactosidase from Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC2190. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2294-2316. [PMID: 35841532 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transgalactosylation reaction is the penultimate step in the production of galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) which has prominent applications in the treatment of disorders. In the present study, partially purified β-galactosidase from Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC2190 was used for the synthesis of prebiotic GOSs. GOSs were produced using lactose as substrate. Structural elucidation of collected fractions of GOSs by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry exhibited the appearance of major peaks of produced GOSs at m/z 241.20, 481.39, 365.11, 527.17, and 701.51 respectively. GOSs facilitated the growth of potential probiotic strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. helveticus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and liberated propionate and butyrate as principal short-chain fatty acids which established its prebiotic potency. Synbiotic combinations exhibited good antioxidant activities. Synbiotic combinations also exhibited antimicrobial activities against pathogenic microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Synbiotic combinations of GOSs and the respective probiotic microorganisms were able to decrease viable human bone cancer cells (MG-63).
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Lee H, Kim YI, Kim MJ, Hahm JH, Seo HD, Ha TY, Jung CH, Ahn J. Castor Oil Plant (Ricinus communis L.) Leaves Improve Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Nrf2 Activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891762. [PMID: 35865958 PMCID: PMC9294160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by reduced muscle function and size. Oxidative stress contributes to muscle atrophy but can be treated with antioxidants. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of a castor oil plant leaf (Ricinus communis L.) extract (RC) and its effects on muscle atrophy. Rutin was identified as the major compound among the thirty compounds identified in RC via LC-MS/MS and was found to inhibit dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Rutin-rich RC showed DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and efficiently reduced the DEX-induced myotube atrophy and mitochondrial oxidative damage in C2C12 cells. RC supplementation prevented the loss of muscle function and muscle mass in DEX-administered mice and ameliorated DEX-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 signaling. Taken together, both RC and rutin ameliorated muscle atrophy and helped in maintaining redox homeostasis; hence, rutin-rich RC could be a promising functional food that is beneficial for muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Young In Kim
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Healthcare Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jiyun Ahn,
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Betancur LI, Muñoz DL, Guillen A, Echeverri LF, Balcazar N, Acín S. Major triterpenoids from Eucalyptus tereticornis have enhanced beneficial effects in cellular models when mixed with minor compounds present in raw extract. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201351. [PMID: 34468491 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus development and is characterized by an abnormal expansion of adipose tissue and low-grade chronic inflammation that contribute to insulin resistance. Although there are multiple treatments, most therapies can produce undesirable side effects and therefore, new and effective treatments with fewer side effects are necessary. Previously, we demonstrated that a natural extract from the leaves of Eucalyptus tereticornis (OBE100) has anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. The major compounds identified in OBE100 were three pentacyclic triterpenoids, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid lactone. Triterpenoids have shown multiples biological activities. This current study compared the biological effect produced by OBE100 with five different reconstituted mixtures of these triterpenoids. Different cell lines were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production, inflammatory cytokine expression, glucose uptake induction, leptin and adiponectin expression, and lipid accumulation. OBE100 treatment was the most efficacious and none of the formulated triterpenoid mixtures significantly improved on this. Moreover, OBE100 was less toxic and reduced reactive oxygen species production. Our study showed that the proven beneficial properties of triterpenoids may be enhanced due to the interaction with minor secondary metabolites present in the natural extract improving their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Betancur
- GENMOL Group/Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Cl. 62 #52-59, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Diana L Muñoz
- University of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Cra. 51d #62-29, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Alis Guillen
- GENMOL Group/Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Cl. 62 #52-59, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Luis F Echeverri
- QOPN Group/Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Cl. 62 #52-59, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Norman Balcazar
- GENMOL Group/Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Cl. 62 #52-59, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,University of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Cra. 51d #62-29, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Sergio Acín
- GENMOL Group/Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Cl. 62 #52-59, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,University of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Cra. 51d #62-29, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, 050010 Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Prasathkumar M, Raja K, Vasanth K, Khusro A, Sadhasivam S, Sahibzada MUK, Gawwad MRA, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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12
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Saleem H, Khurshid U, Sarfraz M, Ahmad I, Alamri A, Anwar S, Alamri AS, Locatelli M, Tartaglia A, Mahomoodally MF, Zainal Abidin SA, Ahemad N. Investigation into the biological properties, secondary metabolites composition, and toxicity of aerial and root parts of Capparis spinosa L.: An important medicinal food plant. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112404. [PMID: 34246708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capparis spinose L. also known as Caper is of great significance as a traditional medicinal food plant. The present work was targeted on the determination of chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and in-vitro toxicity of methanol and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of different parts of C. spinosa. Chemical composition was established by determining total bioactive contents and via UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profiling. For determination of biological activities, antioxidant capacity was determined through DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays while enzyme inhibition against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also tested. All the extracts were also tested for toxicity against two breast cell lines. The methanolic extracts were found to contain highest total phenolic and flavonoids which is correlated with their significant radical scavenging, cholinesterase, tyrosinase and glucosidase inhibition potential. Whereas DCM extracts showed significant activity for reducing power, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelation, tyrosinase, and α-amylase inhibition activities. The secondary metabolites profiling of both methanolic extracts exposed the presence of 21 different secondary metabolites belonging to glucosinolate, alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, triterpene, and alkaloid derivatives. The present results tend to validate folklore uses of C. spinose and indicate this plant to be used as a potent source of designing novel bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy, Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of BahawalPur, Pakistan
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Tartaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of an Extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Purified Product 1-Hydroxyphenazine on RAW264.7 Cells. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2762-2773. [PMID: 34043026 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of an extract from the culture medium of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) 2016NX1 (chloroform extract of P. aeruginosa, CEPA) and its purified product 1-hydroxyphenazine on RAW264.7 cell inflammation. Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. TNF-α production was determined by an ELISA method. The effects of CEPA and its purified product 1-hydroxyphenazine on cell morphology were investigated using an inverted microscope. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine mRNA expression levels. CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine had no obvious toxicity to cells when their concentrations were no more than 20 μg ml-1 and 5 μg ml-1, respectively. Both CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine suppressed the secretion of TNF-α and significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Both CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine inhibited M1 cell polarization after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The results in this article lay a good foundation for the biopharmaceutical applications of CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine in the future. CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine had certain anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibited LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation. Our findings suggest that CEPA and 1-hydroxyphenazine are potential chemicals with anti-inflammatory activity.
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Islam MS, Rahi MS, Jahangir CA, Jerin I, Hasan MM, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Deciphering the molecular pathways of apoptosis using purified fractions from leaf extract of Basella alba through studying the regulation of apoptosis related genes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:85-96. [PMID: 33454909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the exclusion of abnormal cells without any ruin of surrounding healthy cells. Generally, it occurs through an orderly and autonomously process which is controlled by proper function of various genes. Therefore, the current experiments detect the expression level/pattern of those genes to confirm the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathway using Basella alba leaf (BAL). Several fractions after gel filtration chromatography of BAL extract have been pooled to evaluates its apoptosis induction potentiality on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells through conducting a number of bio-assays such as cell growth inhibition assay, fluorescence and optical microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and gene expression analysis etc. The pooled fractions of BAL showed 12-56% inhibitory effect on EAC cell line at the concentration range of 25-400 μg/ml that was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. They also exhibited excellent cell growth inhibition at in vivo and in vitro condition when treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg day. After administration of six consequent days, significant morphological features of apoptosis were observed in EAC cells under both fluorescence and optical microscope which was further supported by DNA fragmentation assay. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of bax, bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas, NF-kβ (Nuclear factor-Kappa-B), PARP-1 (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), Cyt-c cas-8, cas-9 and cas-3 revealed that the experimental sample able to induce apoptosis in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through altering the gene expression. The current findings suggest that sample from BAL occupy wonderful competence to induce cell apoptosis and become an ideal resource for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activities of methanol extract, methanol fractions and essential oil of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Peanut skin polyphenols inhibit toxicity induced by advanced glycation end-products in RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111619. [PMID: 32791243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This is the first work to use a polyphenolic fraction derived from peanut skin to attenuate the toxicity induced by advanced glycation-end products (AGEs) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by AGEs using the bovine serum albumin-fructose (BSA-FRU), bovine serum albumin-methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO) and arginine-methylglyoxal (ARG-MGO) models. The AGEs increased considerably the levels of reactive oxygen species and the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Twenty-eight polyphenols, including catechin, phenolic acids, and resveratrol were annotated in peanut skin extract (PSE) with the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MSE) and to the UNIFI Scientific Information System. The administration of PSE at 100 and 150 μg/mL significantly inhibited oxidative stress, by suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species up to 70% and reducing the production of nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF-α up to 1.7-, 10- and 107-fold, respectively.
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Antibacterial Potential and Apoptosis Induction by Pigments from the Endophyte Burkholderia sp. WYAT7. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2475-2485. [PMID: 32388760 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pigment from the endophyte Burkholderia sp. WYAT7 isolated from the medicinal plant Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. was extracted. The antibacterial efficacy of the crude pigment Y was assessed as a source of antibiotic against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The pigment Y exhibited a significant level of antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 1430), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 2453), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 432), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1610), Salmonella paratyphi (3220), Bacillus subtilis (441) and Acinetobacter baumannii (12,889). The minimum inhibitory concentration of crude pigment extract Y for most of the bacterial pathogens tested was below or equal to 0.25 µg/mL and the minimum bactericidal concentration was below or equal to 0.5 µg/mL. In the cytotoxicity evaluation, crude pigment Y exhibited less toxicity toward normal cells lines (L929). Crude pigment extract Y also showed powerful anticancer activity toward melanoma cancer cells (A375). The IC50 value obtained was 68.08 µg/mL. Acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) double staining of cells treated with the pigment helped in the morphological assessment of nuclear condensation, apoptotic bodies and live cells. The DNA fragmentation analysis and caspase-9 quantification in the pigment-treated A375 cells determined the apoptosis activity mediated by the crude pigment extract Y. The compounds in the crude pigment extract Y was identified by HR-LCMS analysis. Further studies on the active compounds can lead to a rise in new drugs for cancer treatment and also against rising antibacterial resistant pathogens.
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18
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Javanshir A, Karimi E, Maragheh AD, Tabrizi MH. The antioxidant and anticancer potential of Ricinus communis L. essential oil nanoemulsions. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Moriasi G, Ireri A, Ngugi MP. In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of the Aqueous and Methanolic Stem Bark Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.). J Evid Based Integr Med 2020; 25:2515690X20937988. [PMID: 32664742 PMCID: PMC7364801 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x20937988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been recognized as a key driver of many ailments affecting humankind. Free radicals attack biologically important biomolecules, impairing their functioning, thereby initiating and exacerbating diseases. As a comeback, antioxidant therapies have been proposed as novel approaches to ameliorating oxidative stress-associated diseases including chronic ones. Antioxidants are thought to employ multifaceted and multitargeted mechanisms that either restore oxidative homeostasis or prevent free radical buildup in the body, which overwhelm the endogenous defenses. Plants have been used for many ages across time to manage human diseases, and have a host of antioxidant phytocompounds. Piliostigma thonningii is traditionally used for the management of inflammation, malaria fever, rheumatism, and insanity, among other diseases caused by a disturbed redox state in the body. In this study, in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic and aqueous stem bark extracts of P. thonningii were evaluated using the in vitro antilipid peroxidation, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay methods. The obtained results revealed remarkable antioxidant activities of the studied plant extracts as evidenced by the low IC50 and EC50 values. These antioxidant activities could be due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals like flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins, and phenols, among others. Therefore, the therapeutic potency of this plant could be due to its antioxidant properties. This study recommends in vivo antioxidant efficacy testing of the studied plant extracts, as well as isolation and characterization of bioactive antioxidant compounds that are potent against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervason Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Anthony Ireri
- Department of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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20
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Amala R, Sujatha S. Presence of pyrroloquinazoline alkaloid in Adhatoda vasica attenuates inflammatory response through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:15-22. [PMID: 33469504 PMCID: PMC7803918 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
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Introduction: Inflammation is the primary response caused due to harmful stimuli which are followed by the increased draining of plasma and immune cells from the body into the site of the injured tissue. A signaling cascade of growth factors and cytokines propagates and eventually matures in the inflammatory site involving the blood vessels and immune markers within the injured tissue in order to promote the renewal of the degenerated tissue. During a chronic disorder like diabetic foot ulcer, there is an obstinate inflammation which may act as a prime factor for limb amputation and upon persistent prevalence may even lead to death.
Methods: This study focuses on the mode of action of ALK-F (alkaloid fraction) isolated from Adhatoda vasica in attenuating the nitric oxide production which was estimated by Griess assay, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was analyzed by ELISA and expression of COX-2 and iNOS by RT-PCR and western blotting in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Total intracellular ROS was analyzed by DCFH-DA probing and the presence of quinazoline alkaloid (vasicine) in the ALK-F was evidenced by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: The ALK-F of A. vasica exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on LPS elicited nitrite production (13.2 ± 1.06 µM), iNOS, and COX-2 (2.6 and 3.3 fold) in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant decrease in the generation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (1102 ± 1.02 pg/mL) and IL-6 (18 ± 0.87 ng/mL) and total intracellular ROS in the highest tested concentrations (1 µg and 10 µg) of ALK-F of A. vasica. HPLC analysis by the gradient elution method revealed the presence of 12% of quinazoline alkaloid vasicine in the crude alkaloid fraction.
Conclusion: Thus this study communally suggests that attenuation of nitric oxide and the dysregulation of genes responsible for inflammation which deliberates A. vasica to conflict against inflammation and provide remedial benefits in diabetic wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Amala
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sundaresan Sujatha
- Animal Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
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21
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Basu P, Hornung RS, Averitt DL, Maier C. Euphorbia bicolor ( Euphorbiaceae) Latex Extract Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Orofacial Pain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8594375. [PMID: 31612077 PMCID: PMC6757321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8594375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that the transient receptor potential V1 ion channel (TRPV1), a pain generator on sensory neurons, is activated and potentiated by NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are increased by advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), which activate NADPH oxidase by upregulating Nox4 expression. Our previous studies reported that Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) latex extract induced peripheral analgesia, partly via TRPV1, in hindpaw-inflamed male and female rats. The present study reports that E. bicolor latex extract also can evoke analgesia via reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in a rat model of orofacial pain. Male and female rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left vibrissal pad to induce orofacial inflammation, and mechanical allodynia was measured by the von Frey method. Twenty-four hours later, rats received one injection of E. bicolor latex extract or vehicle into the inflamed vibrissal pad. Mechanical sensitivity was reassessed at 1, 6, 24, and/or 72 hours. Trigeminal ganglia and trunk blood were collected at each time point. In the trigeminal ganglia, ROS were quantified using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye, Nox4 protein was quantified by Western blots, and cytokines/chemokines were quantified using a cytokine array. AOPPs were quantified in trunk blood using a spectrophotometric assay. E. bicolor latex extract significantly reduced orofacial mechanical allodynia in male and female rats at 24 and 72 hours, respectively. ROS, Nox4, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines were significantly reduced in the trigeminal ganglia, and plasma AOPP was significantly reduced in the trunk blood of extract-treated compared to vehicle-treated rats. In vitro assays indicate that E. bicolor latex extract possessed antioxidant activities by scavenging free radicals. Together our data indicate that the phytochemicals in E. bicolor latex may serve as novel therapeutics for treating oxidative stress-induced pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Basu
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | | | - Dayna L. Averitt
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
| | - Camelia Maier
- Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, 76204 TX, USA
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Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Ibrahim EH, Setzer WN. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Using Ricinus communis Leaf Ethanol Extract, Their Characterization, and Biological Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E765. [PMID: 31109084 PMCID: PMC6567088 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the collective biological properties of Ricinus communis ethanol leaf extract (RcExt) and extract-fabricated gold nanoparticles (RcExt-AuNPs). AuNPs were synthesized using RcExt. Fingerprint data of the biochemicals putatively found in RcExt were obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-visible (HPLC/UV-VIS) analyses. RcExt-AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier- transform infrared radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity on the Hela and HepG2 tumor cell lines was tested through cell viability, antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens through a well diffusion assay, hemolytic activity on red blood cells through absorbance reading, and stimulatory/inhibitory effects on splenic cells by cell viability. AuNPs of 200 nm size were synthesized. GC-MS/MS analysis revealed 12 peaks and HPLC/UV-VIS analysis resulted in 18, 13, and five peaks at the wavelengths of 220, 254, and 300 nm, respectively. Cytotoxicity screening revealed that RcExt had stimulatory effects (6.08%) on Hela cells and an inhibitory effect (-28.33%) on HepG2 cells, whereas RcExt-AuNPs showed inhibitory effects (-58.64% and -42.74%) on Hela and HepG2 cells, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of RcExt-AuNPs against tested pathogens was significantly higher (average diameters of inhibition zones were higher (ranging from 9.33 mm to 16.33 mm)) than those of RcExt (ranging from 6.00 mm to 7.33 mm). RcExt and RcExt-AuNPs showed 4.15% and 100% lytic effects, respectively. Inhibitory effects on splenic cells for RcExt-AuNPs were observed to be significantly higher (-30.56% to -72.62%) than those of RcExt (-41.55% to -62.25%) between concentrations of 25 to 200 µg/mL. RcExt-AuNPs were inhibitory against HepG2 and Hela cells, while RcExt inhibited HepG2 but stimulated Hela cells. RcExt-AuNPs showed comparatively more antimicrobial activity. RcExt was safe while RcExt-AuNPs harmful to red blood cells (RBCs). RcExt and RcExt-AuNPs showed inhibitory effects on splenic cells irrespective of dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Essam H Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Royo VA, de Freitas JL, França F, Chaves M, Menezes E, De Melo Júnior A, De Oliveira D, Almeida C, Teixeira K, Brandão M. Chromatographic profiles, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity potential of extracts of Banisteriopsis pubipetala (A. Juss). Pharmacognosy Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_71_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Ayeleso AO, Joseph JS, Oguntibeju OO, Mukwevho E. Evaluation of free radical scavenging capacity of methoxy containing-hybrids of thiosemicarbazone-triazole and their influence on glucose transport. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:84. [PMID: 30522526 PMCID: PMC6282370 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease in which the body is unable to produce insulin or respond to insulin production, consequently leading to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins causing elevation of glucose in the blood. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of free radicals and body antioxidant system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Free radicals attack important macromolecules leading to cell damage. Antioxidants are intimately involved in the prevention of damage caused by free radicals. Methods The anti-diabetic effects of hybrid compounds (2a-h) of thiosemicarbazone and triazole containing methoxy groups at C (4) positions were tested against genes involved in glucose metabolism (Glut-4, Mef2a and Nrf-1) using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Free radical scavenging capacity (FRAP, TEAC, DPPH and ORAC) of the hybrids was also carried out by using established antioxidant capacity assays. Results From the results, hybrid compounds 2b and 2h showed more pronounced effects in up-regulating diabetes associated genes which are important in the up-regulation of glucose uptake. All the hybrid compounds also showed free radical scavenging abilities. Conclusion In conclusion, hybrid compounds (2b and 2h) can be useful as potential drugs for the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola O Ayeleso
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, P.M.B. 250, Nigeria
| | - Jitcy S Joseph
- Department of Life & Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, 1709, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi O Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Mukwevho
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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Biological, chemical and toxicological perspectives on aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) huds: Functional approaches for novel phyto-pharmaceuticals. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 123:363-373. [PMID: 30419323 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated into the effects of methanol and dichloromethane extracts from aerial and roots of Filago germanica (L.) Huds (Astearaceae) on key enzymes (cholinesterases, α-glucosidase and urease), antioxidant capabilities, cytotoxic potential and secondary metabolomics profile. Total phenolic and flavonoids were determined by spectrophotometric technique and secondary metabolites composition by UHPLC-MS. Antioxidant activities were assessed employing free radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assays. The cell-toxicity was evaluated by MTT assay against breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), cervix (CaSki) and prostate (DU-145) cancers. Overall, methanol extracts were found to have higher total bioactive contents and antioxidant potential. UHPLC-MS analysis revealed significant variation in the secondary metabolites in the methanol extracts. The most common derivatives belong to seven groups i.e. alkaloids, benzoic acids, flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, terpenoids and saponins. The major polyphenolic compounds were found to be kampferol, robinin, luteolin, ferulic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid. All the extracts showed moderate cholinesterases inhibition, whereas methanol extracts exhibited highest urease inhibition and all extracts presented a relatively high inhibition against α-glucosidase. Similarly, all extracts showed strong to moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 53.02 to 382.7 μg/mL. Overall, results have suggested F. germanica to be a lead source for novel natural products.
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Curylofo PA, Raile PN, Vasconcellos GLL, Macedo AP, Pagnano VO. Effect of Denture Cleansers on Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Surface: A Simulated Period of 5 Years' Use. J Prosthodont 2018; 29:142-150. [PMID: 30381847 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of solutions of effervescent tablets (ET), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and experimental solutions of Ricinus communis on the surface of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five specimens of Co-Cr were prepared by the lost-wax casting method using circular patterns (∅12 × 3 mm). The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups: deionized water (control); 2% R. communis; 10% R. communis; ET, and CPC. The surface roughness of specimens (n = 10) was evaluated before immersion (baseline), and at simulated times of ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, by laser confocal microscope (Sa, μm) and profilometer (Ra, μm). The surface topography and chemical composition (n = 1) was qualitatively analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn tests, and Friedman followed by Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS For Sa, there was no difference for the solution factor. For the time factor a significant difference was found with 2% R. communis solution among baseline and ½, 2, 3, and 5 years (p < 0.001) and with 10% R. communis solution between 1 and 2 years (p = 0.007), with decreasing roughness over time. For Ra, cetylpyridinium chloride exhibited less roughness than 10% R. communis solution in ½ (p = 0.048) and 5 years (p = 0.013). In the SEM and EDS analysis the solutions did not present deleterious effects or changes in the chemical composition on the surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Although a significant difference was found for the roughness, the results, below 0.2 μm, are clinically acceptable. Thus, all solutions can be used safely in removable partial denture cleaning for a period of 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Almeida Curylofo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Neves Raile
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda Lara Lopes Vasconcellos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Oliveira Pagnano
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Alamgeer, Sharif A, Asif H, Younis W, Riaz H, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM. Indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan used to treat skin diseases: a review. Chin Med 2018; 13:52. [PMID: 30364348 PMCID: PMC6194552 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethno-pharmacological relevance Plants are providing reliable therapy since time immemorial. Pakistan has a great diversity in medicinal flora and people use these ethno-medicines to deal with many skin problems. This review explores the fundamental knowledge on various dermatological properties of medicinal plants of Pakistan and is aimed to provide a baseline for the discovery of new plants having activities against skin issues. Material and method A total of 244 published articles were studied using different research engines like PubMed, Google, Google-scholar and science direct. Results Review of literature revealed ethno-pharmacological use of 545 plant species, belonging to 118 families and 355 genera, to combat various skin ailments. Out of these, ten most commonly used plant species belonging to ten different families are documented in this review. It was also found out that ehno-medicines are prepared using various parts of the plants including leaves (28.32%), whole plant and roots 13.17% and 10.97% respectively, in the form of powder (23.5%) and paste (22.75%). A total of 13 endangered plant species and ten commercially important plants were recorded. Conclusion Medicinal plants of Pakistan have therapeutic effects against several skin problems; however most of medicinal plants are still not evaluated scientifically to support their ethno-pharmacological claim on skin. Dermatological pathogens are recommended to study. Further, the conservational programs should be established for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgeer
- 1Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Amber Sharif
- 1Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hira Asif
- 1Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Younis
- 1Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Humayun Riaz
- Rashid Latif College of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishfaq Ali Bukhari
- 3Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Mohamed Assiri
- 4Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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In vitro studies of glucose concentrations for Cell viability in normal and cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.22376/ijpbs.2018.9.3.b77-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kumar Singh S, Patra A. Evaluation of phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Polygonatum verticillatum (L.). JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:273-282. [PMID: 29706573 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. (Ruscaceae), one of the Ashtawarga plants, is widely used for treatment of various ailments. The present study was undertaken to determine the phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of several extracts (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) from the rhizomes of the plant. METHODS Coarsely powdered dry rhizome was successively extracted with different solvents of increasing polarity (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol and water). The phenolic compositions, in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total condensed tannin content (TTC), were evaluated with the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay and vanillin spectrophotometric assay, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were used to assess the antioxidant potential of each extract. A protein denaturation model and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were used to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out to demonstrate various phytoconstituents in each extract. Correlation studies were also performed between phenolic composition (TPC, TFC and TTC) and different biological activities. RESULTS Ethanol extract showed maximum TPC (0.126 mg/g, gallic acid equivalent in dry sample), TFC (0.094 mg/g, rutin equivalent in dry sample) and TTC (29.32 mg/g, catechin equivalent in dry sample), as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Chloroform extract exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 90 different phytoconstituents among the extracts. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities had a positive correlation with TPC, TFC and TTC. However, the anticancer activity showed a negative correlation with TPC, TFC and TTC. CONCLUSION From the present study, it can be concluded that P. verticillatum possessed remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, which could be due to different secondary metabolites of the plant. Phenolic compounds are likely responsible for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, flavonoids and other compounds might contribute to the anticancer potential of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjun Patra
- Institute of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009, India.
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Nirwana I, Rianti D, Soekartono RH, Listyorini RD, Basuki DP. Antibacterial activity of fig leaf ( Ficus carica Linn.) extract against Enterococcus faecalis and its cytotoxicity effects on fibroblast cells. Vet World 2018; 11:342-347. [PMID: 29657427 PMCID: PMC5891850 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.342-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the bacteria that commonly found in root canal and pulp infection after root canal treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used root canal irrigation, but it has toxic properties if exposed to periradicular tissues. It is necessary to develop an alternative for root canal irrigation. Fig leaf (Ficus carica Linn.) extract contains active substances such as flavonoid, tannin, and terpenoid which have been known for their antibacterial potency. Aim: This study aimed to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of fig leaf (F. carica Linn.) extract against E. faecalis and its cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: A serial dilution method was used to determine the MBC of fig leaf extract on E. faecalis which grown on nutrient agar media. Inoculation was carried out at concentrations that suspected minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), MBC, concentration between MIC and MBC, and control groups on different nutrient agar. MIC and MBC of fig leaf extract against E. faecalis were known by counting the growth of bacteria colonies on nutrient agar media in CFU/ml. The cytotoxicity of MIC and MBC of the extract acquired were tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the results were read using an ELISA reader. Data of E. faecalis colonies were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test. Results: The result showed a significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). fig leaf extract at a concentration of 50% showed no bacterial growth, and cell viability at this concentration was 77.7%. Conclusion: Fig leaf extract has antibacterial effect on E. faecalis with MBC at 50% and not cytotoxic to fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Nirwana
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Devi Rianti
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - R Helal Soekartono
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rr Dwi Listyorini
- Undergraduate Student of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Desi Putri Basuki
- Undergraduate Student of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Thermosensitive Hydrogel Mask Significantly Improves Skin Moisture and Skin Tone; Bilateral Clinical Trial. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Lawal B, Shittu OK, Oibiokpa FI, Berinyuy EB, Mohammed H. African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Al-Mamun MA, Akter Z, Uddin MJ, Ferdaus KMKB, Hoque KMF, Ferdousi Z, Reza MA. Characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of crude protein extracts isolated from the seed of Ricinus communis in Bangladesh. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:211. [PMID: 27405609 PMCID: PMC4942971 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) has previously been reported to possess analgesic, antihistamine, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed for isolation, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and anti-proliferative activities of R. communis seed protein. METHODS The concentration and molecular weight of R. communis seed protein were estimated by SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. Lectin activity was evaluated by hemagglutination assay on mice blood. In vitro susceptibility of four human pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was detected using disk diffusion assay, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined using micro-dilution method. A total of twenty four Swiss albino mice containing Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were treated with the crude protein of R. communis at 50 and 100 μg/ml/d/mouse for 6 days. Growth inhibitory activity of R. communis seed protein on EAC cells was determined by haemocytometer counting using trypan blue dye and DAPI (4΄,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was used to assess apoptotic cells. RESULTS The protein concentration of six R. communis (castor) varieties ranged between 21-35 mg/ml and molecular weight between 14-200 kDa. Castor protein agglutinated mice blood at 3.125 μg/wall. The seed protein shows considerable antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, exhibiting MIC values of 250, 125 and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. Administration of seed protein led to 54 % growth inhibition of EAC cells at 100 μg/ml. DAPI staining indicates marked features of apoptosis including condensation of cytoplasm, nuclear fragmentation and aggregation of apoptotic bodies etc. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the lectin rich R. communis seed protein has strong antibacterial and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdulla Al-Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zerin Akter
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Josim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4203, Bangladesh
| | - K M K B Ferdaus
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - K M F Hoque
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Z Ferdousi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - M Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Protein Science Lab, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Ziaei A, Sahranavard S, Gharagozlou MJ, Faizi M. Preliminary investigation of the effects of topical mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. and Ricinus communis L. leaves extract in treatment of osteoarthritis using MIA model in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:12. [PMID: 27142000 PMCID: PMC4855329 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Many plants have been introduced in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of different joint problems including knee pain. Topical application of the mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves (Henna) with aqueous extract of Ricinus communis L. leaves have been mentioned to have significant effects on reducing knee pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the mixture of these two herbs in male rats. Methods We induced knee osteoarthritis as a model of chronic pain by intra-articular injection of mono sodium iodoacetate (MIA). Mechanical allodynia, hotplate latency test, spontaneous movements and gait analysis were used for the evaluation of analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter and the volume of the injected paw compared to contralateral paw. These tests were monitored at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of MIA administration. Histopathological evaluations were also used to assess the efficacy of the treatment on inflammation and lesions in knee tissue. In all tests, diclofenac topical gel was used as a positive control. The herbal extracts, their mixture, and vehicle or diclofenac gel were administered daily for 14 days by topical route. Results The mixture of these two extracts significantly reduced the knee joint width and volume of the injected paws and also improved foot prints in gait analysis after 3 days of MIA injection. Analysis of mechanical allodynia (after 21 days), hotplate latency test (after 10 days), spontaneous movements (after 7 days) and in positive control group (after 3 days in all tests and in mechanical allodynia after 14 days) compared to the vehicle group, showed significant effects. Topical usage of the selected formulation made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Compared to the vehicle group, the tests and diclofenac groups showed less reactions characterized by negligible edema and a few scattered inflammatory lymphoid cells. Conclusion The present findings showed that the present formulation not only was able to mitigate pain and inflammation in the paws but also made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Further studies are necessary to confirm the effect of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Ziaei
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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