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Tian Y, Liu S, Wu W, Zhang Q, Chen Z, Luo J, Wang Y, He Z, Liu Q. Childhood exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence: a longitudinal study in China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02093-9. [PMID: 39073601 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence. METHODS Participants included 998 school-age children aged 7-12 years (514 girls and 484 boys). Metabolite concentrations of four PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene [1-OHPyr], 2-hydroxynaphthalene [2-OHNap], 2-hydroxyfluorine [2-OHFlu], and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene [9-OHPhe]) were measured in urine samples at baseline (Dec 2014-Dec 2015). During adolescence, we measured emotional and behavioral problems in study participants. We used logistic regression models to assess the effects of different levels of PAH metabolite concentrations on emotional and behavioral problems for boys and girls, separately. RESULTS Boys exposed to 1-OHPyr and 2-OHFlu had a significantly higher risk of externalizing problems (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.09 ~ 6.29; OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.15 ~ 7.42). 2-OHNap exposure faced a higher risk of internalizing problems (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.28 ~ 11.58; OR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 11.63) and externalizing problems (OR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.44 ~ 12.70; OR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.49 ~ 14.73). Moreover, boys exposed to 9-OHPhe exhibited a significant risk of anxiety (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.01 ~ 7.97; OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.04 ~ 8.68). Similarly, girls exposed to 9-OHPhe had a significant risk of anxiety (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.25 ~ 4.64). CONCLUSION Childhood PAH exposures are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence, and boys seem more susceptible than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongwei He
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, No. 61, University Town Middle Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ni Y, Szpiro AA, Loftus CT, Workman T, Sullivan A, Wallace ER, Riederer AM, Day DB, Murphy LE, Nguyen RHN, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Zhao Q, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson C, Ahmad SI, Arizaga JA, Collett BR, Derefinko KJ, Kannan K, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 260:114407. [PMID: 38879913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited. METHODS We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8-9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture. RESULTS The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident. CONCLUSION We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Riederer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaikh I Ahmad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Arizaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brent R Collett
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen J Derefinko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wang Y, Wu W, Bravo MA, Liu S, Xi X, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Liu Q. Prepubertal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with early pubertal development onset in boys: A longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134160. [PMID: 38574665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) on puberty in boys. METHODS 695 subjects were selected from four primary schools in Chongqing, China. 675 urine samples from these boys were collected four PAH metabolites: 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxynaphthoic, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene. Pubertal development of 695 boys was assessed at follow-up visits starting in December 2015 and occurring every six months thereafter until now, data used in this article ending in June 2021. A total of 12 follow-up visits were performed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the relationship between PAH metabolite concentrations and indicators of pubertal timing. RESULTS The mean age at puberty onset of testicular volume, facial hair, pubic hair, first ejaculation, and axillary hair in boys was 11.66, 12.43, 12.51, 12.72 and 13.70 years, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models showed that boys with moderate level of 1-OHPyr exposure was associated with earlier testicular development (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.276, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.006-1.619), with moderate level of 2-OHNap were at higher risk of early testicular development (HR = 1.273, 95% CI: 1.002-1.617) and early axillary hair development (HR = 1.355, 95% CI: 1.040-1.764), with moderate level of 2-OHFlu was associated with earlier pubic hair development (HR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.001-1.577), with high level of 9-OHPhe were at higher risk of early fisrt ejaculation (HR = 1.333, 95% CI: 1.005-1.767) and early facial hair development (HR = 1.393, 95% CI: 1.059-1.831). CONCLUSION Prepubertal exposure to PAHs may be associated with earlier pubertal development in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Mercedes A Bravo
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shudan Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Xuan Xi
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Yuanke Zhou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
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Feng Y, Wan Y, Wang H, Jiang Q, Zhu K, Xiang Z, Liu R, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Song R. Dyslexia is associated with urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentrations of children from China: Data from the READ program. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123538. [PMID: 38341065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
It has been found that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with the risk of certain childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. However, no research has investigated the relationship between exposure to PAHs and children's dyslexia odds. The objective of this research was to investigate whether urinary mono-hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are associated with increased dyslexia odds in Chinese children. We recruited 1,089 children (542 dyslexic children and 547 non-dyslexic children) for this case-control study. Ten OH-PAHs were measured in the participants' urine samples, which were collected between November 2017 and March 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) of the associations between the OH-PAHs and dyslexia were calculated using logistic regression models, after adjustment for the potential confounding factors. A significant association was found between urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and the elevated odds of dyslexia. The children in the highest quartile of 2-OHNap had a higher OR of dyslexia (1.87, 95% CI: 1.07-3.27) than those in the lowest quartile (P-trend = 0.02) after adjustment for the covariates. After excluding children with maternal disorders during pregnancy, logistic regression analyses showed similar results. Our results suggested a possible association between PAH exposure and the elevated odds of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nursing, Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Gui J, Wang L, Han Z, Ding R, Yang X, Yang J, Luo H, Huang D, Liu J, Jiang L. Association between the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Developmental Disabilities in Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1353. [PMID: 37759954 PMCID: PMC10526872 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between dietary quality and the risk of developmental disabilities (DDs). This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary quality and the risk of DDs in US children aged 5 to 15. We employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between HEI-2015 score, HEI component score, and the likelihood of DDs. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to investigate nonlinear links between HEI-2015 score and the likelihood of DDs. Interaction analysis was utilized to explore differences between subgroups. HEI-2015 score was negatively linked with the risk of DDs after adjusting covariates [odds ratio (OR) = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.98, 1.00)]. HEI-2015 score was separated by quartile into Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Q1 represents the lowest HEI scores, while Q4 represents the highest HEI scores. Children in the fourth quartile of the HEI-2015 exhibited a decreased prevalence of DDs compared to those in the first quartile [(OR = 0.69; 95% CI = (0.53, 0.89)]. The association between HEI-2015 score and the risk of DDs was modified by race/ethnicity. The higher HEI-2015 score was associated with a lower risk of DDs, suggesting that better dietary quality may reduce the risk of DDs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China (J.Y.); (H.L.)
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Sun B, Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Szpiro A, Day D, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Kannan K, Robinson M, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, Mason A, Swan SH, Trasande L, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognition in early childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108009. [PMID: 37331181 PMCID: PMC10519343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence for gestational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and adverse child cognitive outcomes is mixed; little is known about critical windows of exposure. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between prenatal PAH exposure and child cognition in a large, multi-site study. METHODS We included mother-child dyads from two pooled prospective pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES, N = 1,223) in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy in both cohorts as well as early and late pregnancy in TIDES. Child intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed between ages 4-6. Associations between individual PAH metabolites and IQ were estimated with multivariable linear regression. Interaction terms were used to examine effect modification by child sex and maternal obesity. We explored associations of PAH metabolite mixtures with IQ using weighted quantile sum regression. In TIDES, we averaged PAH metabolites over three periods of pregnancy and by pregnancy period to investigate associations between PAH metabolites and IQ. RESULTS In the combined sample, PAH metabolites were not associated with IQ after full adjustment, nor did we observe associations with PAH mixtures. Tests of effect modification were null except for the association between 2-hydroxynaphthalene and IQ, which was negative in males (βmales = -0.67 [95%CI:-1.47,0.13]) and positive in females (βfemales = 0.31 [95%CI:-0.52,1.13])(pinteraction = 0.04). In analyses across pregnancy (TIDES-only), inverse associations with IQ were observed for 2-hydroxyphenanthrene averaged across pregnancy (β = -1.28 [95%CI:-2.53,-0.03]) and in early pregnancy (β = -1.14 [95%CI:-2.00,-0.28]). SIGNIFICANCE In this multi-cohort analysis, we observed limited evidence of adverse associations of early pregnancy PAHs with child IQ. Analyses in the pooled cohorts were null. However, results also indicated that utilizing more than one exposure measures across pregnancy could improve the ability to detect associations by identifying sensitive windows and improving the reliability of exposure measurement. More research with multiple timepoints of PAH assessment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hisamuddin NH, Jalaludin J. Children's exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs): a review on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and associated health effects. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:151-168. [PMID: 35019243 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reviewed the published studies on the environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among children and assessed the urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) level as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs. The current knowledge of the potential health effects of increased 1-OHP in children was reviewed. Additionally, the influence of genetic polymorphism on the urinary 1-OHP level was discussed in this review. The assembled data showed that children who are attending schools or living close to industrial and polluted urban areas might have greater exposure to higher concentrations of PAHs with a higher level of urinary 1-OHP when compared to those children living in rural areas. Urinary 1-OHP may be a reliable biomarker for determining the genotoxic effects, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by exposure to PAHs. Strong research evidence indicated that the total body burden of PAHs should be evaluated by biomonitoring of 1-OHP in line with other urinary PAHs metabolites (with 2-3 rings) to evaluate recent total exposure to PAHs. Overall, the study suggests implementing a mitigation plan to combat air pollution to provide a cleaner environment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Humphreys J, Valdés Hernández MDC. Impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on cognitive function and neurodegeneration in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1052333. [PMID: 36703634 PMCID: PMC9871581 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1052333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This article documents an emerging body of evidence concerning the neurological effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure with regard to cognitive function and increased risk of neurodegeneration. Methods Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science, were systematically searched. Results The 37/428 studies selected included outcomes measuring cognitive function, neurobehavioral symptoms of impaired cognition, and pathologies associated with neurodegeneration from pre-natal (21/37 studies), childhood (14/37 studies), and adult (8/37 studies) PAH exposure. Sufficient evidence was found surrounding pre-natal exposure negatively impacting child intelligence, mental development, average overall development, verbal IQ, and memory; externalizing, internalizing, anxious, and depressed behaviors; and behavioral development and child attentiveness. Evidence concerning exposure during childhood and as an adult was scarce and highly heterogeneous; however, the presence of neurodegenerative biomarkers and increased concentrations of cryptic "self" antigens in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples suggest a higher risk of neurodegenerative disease. Associations with lowered cognitive ability and impaired attentiveness were found in children and memory disturbances, specifically auditory memory, verbal learning, and general memory in adults. Discussion Although evidence is not yet conclusive and further research is needed, the studies included supported the hypothesis that PAH exposure negatively impacts cognitive function and increases the risk of neurodegeneration in humans, and recommends considering the introduction of a variable "rural vs. urban" as covariate for adjusting analyses, where the neurological functions affected (as result of our review) are outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Humphreys
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria del C. Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Maria del C. Valdés Hernández ✉
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Wallace ER, Buth E, Szpiro AA, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Masterson E, Day DB, Sun BZ, Sullivan A, Barrett E, Nguyen RH, Robinson M, Kannan K, Mason A, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Karr CJ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not associated with behavior problems in preschool and early school-aged children: A prospective multi-cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114759. [PMID: 36370819 PMCID: PMC9817935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological study findings are inconsistent regarding associations between prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures and childhood behavior. This study examined associations of prenatal PAH exposure with behavior at age 4-6 years in a large, diverse, multi-region prospective cohort. Secondary aims included examination of PAH mixtures and effect modification by child sex, breastfeeding, and child neighborhood opportunity. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium pooled 1118 mother-child dyads from three prospective pregnancy cohorts in six U.S. cities. Seven PAH metabolites were measured in prenatal urine. Child behavior was assessed at age 4-6 using the Total Problems score from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neighborhood opportunity was assessed using the socioeconomic and educational scales of the Child Opportunity Index. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations per 2-fold increase in each PAH metabolite, adjusted for demographic, prenatal, and maternal factors and using interaction terms for effect modifiers. Associations with PAH mixtures were estimated using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQSR). RESULTS The sample was racially and sociodemographically diverse (38% Black, 49% White, 7% Other; household-adjusted income range $2651-$221,102). In fully adjusted models, each 2-fold increase in 2-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with a lower Total Problems score, contrary to hypotheses (b = -0.80, 95% CI = -1.51, -0.08). Associations were notable in boys (b = -1.10, 95% CI = -2.11, -0.08) and among children breastfed 6+ months (b = -1.31, 95% CI = -2.25, -0.37), although there was no statistically significant evidence for interaction by child sex, breastfeeding, or neighborhood child opportunity. Associations were null for other PAH metabolites; there was no evidence of associations with PAH mixtures from WQSR. CONCLUSION In this large, well-characterized, prospective study of mother-child pairs, prenatal PAH exposure was not associated with child behavior problems. Future studies characterizing the magnitude of prenatal PAH exposure and studies in older childhood are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Erin Buth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bob Z Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby Hn Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Liu B, Fang X, Strodl E, He G, Ruan Z, Wang X, Liu L, Chen W. Fetal Exposure to Air Pollution in Late Pregnancy Significantly Increases ADHD-Risk Behavior in Early Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710482. [PMID: 36078201 PMCID: PMC9518584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution nowadays has seriously threatened the health of the Chinese population, especially in the vulnerable groups of fetuses, infants and toddlers. In particular, the effects of air pollution on children's neurobehavioral development have attracted widespread attention. Moreover, the early detection of a sensitive period is very important for the precise intervention of the disease. However, such studies focusing on hyperactive behaviors and susceptible window identification are currently lacking in China. OBJECTIVES The study aims to explore the correlation between air pollution exposure and hyperactive behaviors during the early life stage and attempt to identify whether a susceptible exposure window exists that is crucial for further precise intervention. METHODS Based on the Longhua Child Cohort Study, we collected the basic information and hyperactivity index of 26,052 children using a questionnaire conducted from 2015 to 2017, and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-revised (CPRS-48) was used to assess hyperactive behaviors. Moreover, the data of air pollution concentration (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3 and SO2) were collected from the monitoring station between 2011 to 2017, and a land-use random forest model was used to evaluate the exposure level of each subject. Furthermore, Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNMs) were applied for statistic analysis. RESULTS The risk of child hyperactivity was found to be positively associated with early life exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2. In particular, for an increase of per 10 µg/m3 in PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 exposure concentration during early life, the risk of child hyperactivity increased significantly during the seventh month of pregnancy to the fourth month after birth, with the strongest association in the ninth month of pregnancy (PM10: OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.016-1.071; PM2.5: OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.024-1.102; NO2: OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.016-1.071). However, no significant associations among early life exposure to CO, O3 and SO2 and child hyperactive behaviors were observed. CONCLUSIONS Early life exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 is associated with an increased risk of child ADHD-like behaviors at the age around 3 years, and the late-prenatal and early postnatal periods might be the susceptible exposure windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binquan Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Public Health and Health Administration, Clincial College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory of Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ximeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Information Management, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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11
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Li P, Yang Q, Li Y, Han Y, Qu Z, Gao L, Cui T, Xiong W, Xi W, Zhang X. Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites with symptoms among autistic children: A case–control study in Tianjin, China. Autism Res 2022; 15:1941-1960. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Zhiyi Qu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Tingkai Cui
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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12
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Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Sullivan A, Masterson E, Szpiro AA, Day DB, Robinson M, Kannan K, Tylavsky FA, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107039. [PMID: 34902794 PMCID: PMC8748410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may negatively impact toddler neurodevelopment. METHODS We investigated this association in 835 mother-child pairs from CANDLE, a diverse pregnancy cohort in the mid-South region of the U.S. PAH metabolite concentrations were measured in mid-pregnancy maternal urine. Cognitive and Language composite scores at ages 2 and 3 years were derived from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3). Behavior Problem and Competence scores at age 2 were derived from the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). We used multivariate linear or Poisson regression to estimate associations with continuous scores and relative risks (RR) of neurodevelopment delay or behavior problems per 2-fold increase in PAH, adjusted for maternal health, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. Secondary analyses investigated associations with PAH mixture using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS) with a permutation test extension. RESULTS 1- hydroxypyrene was associated with elevated relative risk for Neurodevelopmental Delay at age 2 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03,1.39). Contrary to hypotheses, 1-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with lower risk for Behavior Problems at age 2 (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83,0.98), and combined 1- and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with 0.52-point higher (95% CI: 0.11,0.93) Cognitive score at age 3. For PAH mixtures, a quintile increase in hydroxy-PAH mixture was associated with lower Language score at age 2 (βwqs = -1.59; 95% CI: -2.84, -0.34; ppermutation = 0.07) and higher Cognitive score at age 3 (βwqs = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.82; ppermutation = 0.05). All other estimates were consistent with null associations. CONCLUSION In this large southern U.S. population we observed some support for adverse associations between PAHs and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fran A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Zhang M, Wang C, Zhang X, Song H, Li Y. Association between exposure to air pollutants and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:207-219. [PMID: 32248699 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1745764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between exposure to air pollutants and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We performed systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether air pollutants were risk factors for the development of ADHD in children. We systematically searched databases for all relevant studies up to 2 July 2019. Together, the studies indicated that exposure to PAHs (risk ratio (RR): 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-1.17), NOx (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.94-1.15), and PM (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.93-1.33) did not have any material relationship with an increased risk of ADHD. Heterogeneity of study data was low (I2: 2.7%, P = 0.409) for studies examining PAHs, but was substantial for NOx and PM (I2: 68.4%, P = 0.007 and I2: 60.1%, P = 0.014, respectively). However, these results should be interpreted with caution since the number of epidemiological studies investigating this issue were limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Children, Adolescents and Women Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Children, Adolescents and Women Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huiling Song
- Department of Children, Adolescents and Women Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Children, Adolescents and Women Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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14
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Hudson-Hanley B, Smit E, Branscum A, Hystad P, Kile ML. Trends in urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the non-smoking U.S. population, NHANES 2001-2014. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130211. [PMID: 33743418 PMCID: PMC8172479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate airborne PAH levels have decreased in the U.S., but it is unclear if this has resulted in PAH exposure changes in the U.S. POPULATION OBJECTIVE Examine temporal trends in urinary metabolites of Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene in U.S. non-smokers, 6+ years old. METHODS We used biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program, 2001-2014, (N = 11,053) using survey weighted linear regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, BMI, income, diet, and seasonality. Stratified models evaluated the effect of age, sex, and race/ethnicity on trends. RESULTS Between 2001 and 2014, Naphthalene exposure increased 36% (p < 0.01); Pyrene exposure increased 106% (p < 0.01); Fluorene and Phenanthrene exposure decreased 55% (p < 0.01), and 37% (p < 0.01), respectively. Naphthalene was the most abundant urinary PAH, 20-fold higher than Fluorene and Phenanthrene, and over 50-fold higher than Pyrene compared to reference groups, effect modification was observed by age (Naphthalene, Pyrene), sex (Fluorene, Pyrene), and race/ethnicity (Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Pyrene). SIGNIFICANCE This study shows exposure to Naphthalene and Pyrene increased, while exposure to Fluorene and Phenanthrene decreased among the non-smoking U.S. general population between 2001 and 2014, suggesting environmental sources of PAHs have changed over the time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hudson-Hanley
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Environmental & Occupational Health Program, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Ellen Smit
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Epidemiology Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Adam Branscum
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Biostatistics Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Perry Hystad
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Environmental & Occupational Health Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Molly L Kile
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Environmental & Occupational Health Program, Corvallis, OR, USA
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15
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Kim SS, Vuong AM, Dietrich KN, Chen A. Proximity to traffic and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and conduct disorder in U.S. children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 232:113686. [PMID: 33429141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) and its component polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be neurotoxic in children. There is limited research on postnatal exposure to TRAP and PAHs and child neurodevelopment. METHODS We linked data from the U.S. NHANES 2001-2004 with the National Highway Planning Network 2005 to examine the proximity to major roads (highway or urban/rural principal arterials), urinary PAH metabolites, and diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) based on Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC) in 1253 children aged 8-15 years. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for ADHD and CD by traffic proximity and PAH exposures using logistic regression adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Higher ADHD prevalence was observed among children living <500 m (9.86%) compared to those ≥500 m (3.84%) from a major road. Prevalence of children with CD was comparable (<500 m: 2.51% and ≥500 m: 2.43%). We found little difference in urinary PAH metabolite levels between children living near major roads and those who did not. Children living <500 m from a major road had a non-significant OR of 2.06 (95% CI 0.85-5.03) for ADHD diagnosis. Children living on ≥2 major roads within 500 m of a highway had a non-significant OR of 2.27 (95% CI 0.71-7.26) for ADHD diagnosis. There was no association between proximity to major roads and CD diagnosis. CONCLUSION We found living close to a major road was not associated with increased PAH levels. We did not find statistically significant relation between proximity to a major road or urinary PAH metabolite levels and ADHD or CD diagnosis in this cross-sectional analysis. Prospective studies are needed for the investigation of postnatal TRAP exposure and ADHD and CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani S Kim
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Currently at Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Currently at Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Kim N Dietrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Currently at Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Schantz SL, Eskenazi B, Buckley JP, Braun JM, Sprowles JN, Bennett DH, Cordero J, Frazier JA, Lewis J, Hertz-Picciotto I, Lyall K, Nozadi SS, Sagiv S, Stroustrup A, Volk HE, Watkins DJ. A framework for assessing the impact of chemical exposures on neurodevelopment in ECHO: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109709. [PMID: 32526495 PMCID: PMC7483364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is a research initiative funded by the National Institutes of Health that capitalizes on existing cohort studies to investigate the impact of early life environmental factors on child health and development from infancy through adolescence. In the initial stage of the program, extant data from 70 existing cohort studies are being uploaded to a database that will be publicly available to researchers. This new database will represent an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to combine data across existing cohorts to address associations between prenatal chemical exposures and child neurodevelopment. Data elements collected by ECHO cohorts were determined via a series of surveys administered by the ECHO Data Analysis Center. The most common chemical classes quantified in multiple cohorts include organophosphate pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, environmental phenols (including bisphenol A), phthalates, and metals. For each of these chemicals, at least four ECHO cohorts also collected behavioral data during infancy/early childhood using the Child Behavior Checklist. For these chemicals and this neurodevelopmental assessment (as an example), existing data from multiple ECHO cohorts could be pooled to address research questions requiring larger sample sizes than previously available. In addition to summarizing the data that will be available, the article also describes some of the challenges inherent in combining existing data across cohorts, as well as the gaps that could be filled by the additional data collection in the ECHO Program going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Jenna N Sprowles
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jose Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | | | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sara S Nozadi
- Community Environmental Health Program and Center for Native Environmental Health Equity Research, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Sharon Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - AnneMarie Stroustrup
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Heather E Volk
- Departments of Mental Health and Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Rezaei Kalantary R, Jaffarzadeh N, Rezapour M, Hesami Arani M. Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11531-11540. [PMID: 32124297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have shown that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a dangerous factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify this relationship, and to collect and analyze all the relevant evidences in published reports of epidemiologic studies. PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched through September 31, 2018. The study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Moreover, fixed- and random-effect models were used. The data in this meta-analysis were presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR). From 959 articles, six articles were included in the systematic review, and for meta-analysis, one study (that was not AOR) was excluded. The participants included in the studies were 2799 with the age range of 5-15 years old, and 93.6% were living in America. Four of the studies were placed in one group, due to having a common author (Perera). Moreover, a significant association was found between PAH exposure and ADHD in these studies (odds ratio = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.75-3.78); however, in all studies, there was no significant association between PAH exposure and ADHD for children (overall odds ratio = 1.99, 95% CI = 0.96-4.11) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 28.73%; P value < 0.001). This study provided a systematic review and meta-analytic evidence for the association between PAH exposure and ADHD by a small number of studies. Further research study can be conducted in various countries. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maysam Rezapour
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hesami Arani
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Thygesen M, Holst GJ, Hansen B, Geels C, Kalkbrenner A, Schendel D, Brandt J, Pedersen CB, Dalsgaard S. Exposure to air pollution in early childhood and the association with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:108930. [PMID: 31810593 PMCID: PMC7167333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution in early life has been linked to cognitive deficits and adverse neurodevelopmental effects. However, studies examining associations between air pollutants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have had conflicting findings. METHODS Individuals born in Denmark 1992-2007 (n = 809,654) were followed for the development of ADHD from 1997 to 2013. Data on daily concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from air-modeling data at a 1 km × 1 km resolution at residences within the first five years of life, was linked with population-based data from the Danish national registers, including data on clinical diagnoses of ADHD. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ADHD, according to increases in exposures, adjusting for age, year, sex, and parental education and income. RESULTS Exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 during early life was associated with a significantly increased risk of ADHD: IRR of 1.38 (Cl: 1.35 to 1.42) per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 and an IRR of 1.51 (Cl: 1.41 to 1.62) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. In two-pollutant models, the association between NO2 and ADHD did not change (IRR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.39), while the association with PM2.5 was substantially attenuated (IRR 1.07; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.16), although in stratified models an elevated association with PM2.5 was found in the lowest quintile of NO2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS In this large nationwide prospective cohort study, residential air pollution exposure, specifically NO2, during early childhood was associated with the development of ADHD, even when adjusted for parental level of income and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Thygesen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register Based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Juel Holst
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Amy Kalkbrenner
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Diana Schendel
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register Based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Denmark; Big Data Centre for Environment and Health, BERTHA, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register Based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Loftus CT, Ni Y, Szpiro AA, Hazlehurst MF, Tylavsky FA, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, Carroll KN, Young M, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ. Exposure to ambient air pollution and early childhood behavior: A longitudinal cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109075. [PMID: 31999995 PMCID: PMC8903039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and early life air pollution exposure may impair healthy neurodevelopment, increasing risk of childhood behavioral disorders, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. Little is known about factors that determine susceptibility. METHODS Participants were mother-child dyads from the CANDLE study, an ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium birth cohort set in the mid-South United States, who completed a preschool visit. We estimated prenatal and childhood exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) at participants' residences using a national annual average universal kriging model (land-use regression with spatial smoothing). Distance to nearest major roadway was used as a proxy for traffic-related pollution. Primary outcomes were children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Regression models were adjusted for individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic measures, maternal IQ, and multiple other potential confounders. We tested for effect modification by select maternal and child characteristics. RESULTS The analytic sample (N = 975 of 1503 enrolled) was 64% African American and 53% had a household annual income below $35,000; child mean age was 4.3 years (SD: 0.4). Mean prenatal NO2 and PM10 exposures were 12.0 ppb (SD: 2.4) and 20.8 μg/m3 (SD: 2.0); postnatal exposures were lower. In fully adjusted models, 2 ppb higher prenatal NO2 was positively associated with externalizing behavior (6%; 95% CI: 1, 11%). Associations with postnatal exposure were stronger (8% per 2 ppb NO2; 95%CI: 0, 16%). Prenatal NO2 exposure was also associated with an increased odds of clinically significant internalizing and externalizing behaviors. We found suggestive evidence that socioeconomic adversity and African American race increases susceptibility. PM10 and road proximity were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed that air pollution exposure is positively associated with child behavior problems and that African American and low SES children may be more susceptible. Importantly, associations were observed at exposures below current air quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA, 95105, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357236, UW, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, UW, Box 357232, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357236, UW, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 462 Doctors Office Building, 66 N Pauline St, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California (UC), 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, UC, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA, 95105, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, UW, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Division of General Pediatrics, 2200 Children's Way, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 27232, USA
| | - Michael Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA, 95105, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA, 95105, USA; Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357236, UW, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Pediatrics, 1959 NE Pacific St, UW, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California (UC), 401 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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20
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Chou CW, Chen YY, Wang CC, Kao TW, Wu CJ, Chen YJ, Zhou YC, Chen WL. Urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the association with hearing threshold shifts in the United States adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:562-570. [PMID: 31808090 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are regarded as environmental pollutants that contribute to several adverse health outcomes. There is no research evidence to support a connection between PAH exposure and hearing loss. Our study aimed to determine the association between PAH exposure and hearing threshold shifts using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,071 US adults participating in the NHANES from 2001 to 2004. The association between PAH metabolites and the log-transformed hearing threshold was investigated using multivariate regression models, which included log-transformed, low-frequency and high-frequency thresholds. After additional pertinent adjustments, a positive correlation between PAH metabolite concentration and log-transformed hearing thresholds was observed. Individuals in the fourth quartile of PAH metabolite concentration had higher hearing thresholds compared with those in the first quartile of PAH metabolite concentration. Exposure to PAHs is related to hearing threshold shift at both low and high frequencies in the US adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wai Chou
- Department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Jung Wu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Zhou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Aghaei M, Janjani H, Yousefian F, Jamal A, Yunesian M. Association between ambient gaseous and particulate air pollutants and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children; a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:135-156. [PMID: 30909100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder highly attributed to genetics, but the combination of other social and environmental determinants, as well as potential gene-environment interactions, can also be responsible. This paper aims to review relevant literature published up to April 2018 for determining whether air pollution caused by ambient gaseous (NO2, SO2, PCDD/Fs, Benzene) and particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5, PM7, PAH, BC/EC) as an environmental risk factor is associated with increased risk of ADHD in children. Relevant literature was identified through electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus database and gray literature. A total of 872 articles were initially identified 28 of which meeting the defined inclusion criteria were included. The methodological quality of the included articles was evaluated using the modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programs (CASP) and confounding variables, exposure and outcome measurement were assessed. The results of this systematic review revealed that there is more evidence on the detrimental effects of EC, BC, and PM on ADHD compared to PAH. Among gaseous air pollutants, association was found between SO2 and urinary level of t,t-MA (trans, trans-muconic acid) as a proxy-biomarker of NO2 exposure, not merely benzene. However few studies related to NO2 (0.46%) found detrimental effects. Overall, the number of studies reporting an association between air pollution and increased risk of ADHD is relatively higher compared to the number of studies reporting no association. However, the findings of the studies provided limited evidence to support the idea that exposure to air pollution may be linked to increased risk of ADHD. Well-designed and harmonized studies considering standard methods for individual exposure assessment, critical windows of susceptibility, and appropriate tools for outcome measurement, can improve the quality of epidemiological studies and strengthen the evidence. Since ADHD with its long-term consequences can impose large costs to communities and impact the children performance, determination of the risk factors in children and particularly the role of the environment as priorities for research should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aghaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosna Janjani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Jamal
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Davis AN, Carlo G, Gulseven Z, Palermo F, Lin CH, Nagel SC, Vu DC, Vo PH, Ho TL, McElroy JA. Exposure to environmental toxicants and young children's cognitive and social development. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:35-56. [PMID: 30844763 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the role of environmental toxicant exposure on children's development is an important area of inquiry in order to better understand contextual factors that shape development and ultimately school readiness among young children. There is evidence suggesting negative links between exposure to environmental toxicants and negative physical health outcomes (i.e. asthma, allergies) in children. However, research on children's exposure to environmental toxicants and other developmental outcomes (cognitive, socioemotional) is limited. Objectives The goal of the current review was to assess the existing literature on the links between environmental toxicants (excluding heavy metals) and children's cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioral development among young children. Methods This literature review highlights research on environmental toxicants (i.e. pesticide exposure, bisphenol A, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco smoke, polychlorinated biphenyls, flame retardants, phthalates and gas pollutions) and children's development across multiple domains. Results The results highlight the potential risk of exposure to multiple environmental toxicants for young children's cognitive and socioemotional development. Discussion Discussion will focus on the role of environmental toxicants in the cognitive and socioemotional development of young children, while highlighting gaps in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Davis
- Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Phone: +816-294-6950
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zehra Gulseven
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Francisco Palermo
- Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Danh C Vu
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Phuc H Vo
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thi L Ho
- Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Jane A McElroy
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy and Symptoms of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Children in Europe. Epidemiology 2019; 29:618-626. [PMID: 29923866 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy may increase attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children, but findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to study this association in a collaborative study of eight European population-based birth/child cohorts, including 29,127 mother-child pairs. METHODS Air pollution concentrations (nitrogen dioxide [NO2] and particulate matter [PM]) were estimated at the birth address by land-use regression models based on monitoring campaigns performed between 2008 and 2011. We extrapolated concentrations back in time to exact pregnancy periods. Teachers or parents assessed ADHD symptoms at 3-10 years of age. We classified children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range and within the clinical range using validated cutoffs. We combined all adjusted area-specific effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and multiple imputations and applied inverse probability-weighting methods to correct for loss to follow-up. RESULTS We classified a total of 2,801 children as having ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range, and 1,590 within the clinical range. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was not associated with a higher odds of ADHD symptoms within the borderline/clinical range (e.g., adjusted odds ratio [OR] for ADHD symptoms of 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.01 per 10 µg/m increase in NO2 and 0.98, 95% CI = 0.80, 1.19 per 5 µg/m increase in PM2.5). We observed similar associations for ADHD within the clinical range. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for an increase in risk of ADHD symptoms with increasing prenatal air pollution levels in children aged 3-10 years. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B379.
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Saez M, Barceló MA, Farrerons M, López-Casasnovas G. The association between exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A population-based retrospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:205-214. [PMID: 29890425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of factors contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and although they are not fully known, the occurrence of ADHD seems to be a consequence of an interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, apart from pesticides, the evidence is inadequate and inconsistent as it differs not only in the population and time period analysed, but also in the type of study, the control of the confounding variables and the statistical methods used. In the latter case, the studies also differ in the adjustment of spatial and temporal variability. Our objective here, is to provide evidence on an association between environmental factors and ADHD. METHODS In our study, we used a population-based retrospective cohort in which we matched cases and controls (children free of the disease) by sex and year of birth (n = 5193, 78.9% boys). The cases were children born between 1998 and 2012 and diagnosed with ADHD (n = 116). To evaluate whether there was a geographical pattern in the incidence of ADHD, we first represented the smoothed standardized incidence rates on a map of the region being studied. We then estimated the probability of being a case by using a generalized liner mixed model with a binomial link. As explanatory variables of interest, we included the following environmental variables: distance to agricultural areas, distance to roads (stratified into three categories according to traffic density and intensity), distance to petrol stations, distance to industrial estates, and land use. We control for both observed (individual and family specific variables and deprivation index) and unobserved confounders (in particular, individual and familial heterogeneity). In addition, we adjusted for spatial extra variability. RESULTS We found a north-south pattern containing two clusters (one in the centre of the study region and another in the south) in relation to the risk of developing ADHD. The results from the multivariate model suggest that these clusters could be related to some of the environmental variables. Specifically, living within 100 m from an agricultural area or a residential street and/or living fewer than 300 m from a motorway, dual carriageway or one of the industrial estates analysed was associated (statistically significant) with an increased risk of ADHD. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that some environmental factors could be associated with ADHD occurring, particularly those associated with exposure to pesticides, organochlorine compounds and air pollutants because of traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Health and Economics (CRES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria A Barceló
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Health and Economics (CRES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Farrerons
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Medical Student, University of Girona, Spain
| | - Guillem López-Casasnovas
- Center for Research in Health and Economics (CRES), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Graduate School (BSGE), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Myhre O, Låg M, Villanger GD, Oftedal B, Øvrevik J, Holme JA, Aase H, Paulsen RE, Bal-Price A, Dirven H. Early life exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM) as risk factor for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Need for novel strategies for mechanisms and causalities. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:196-214. [PMID: 29550511 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that air pollution particulate matter (PM) and adsorbed toxicants (organic compounds and trace metals) may affect child development already in utero. Recent studies have also indicated that PM may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). A pattern of increasing prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been suggested to partly be linked to environmental pollutants exposure, including PM. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between pre- or postnatal exposure to air pollution components and ADHD symptoms. However, many studies are cross-sectional without possibility to reveal causality. Cohort studies are often small with poor exposure characterization, and confounded by traffic noise and socioeconomic factors, possibly overestimating the study associations. Furthermore, the mechanistic knowledge how exposure to PM during early brain development may contribute to increased risk of ADHD symptoms or cognitive deficits is limited. The closure of this knowledge gap requires the combined use of well-designed longitudinal cohort studies, supported by mechanistic in vitro studies. As ADHD has profound consequences for the children affected and their families, the identification of preventable risk factors such as air pollution exposure should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Sentís A, Sunyer J, Dalmau-Bueno A, Andiarena A, Ballester F, Cirach M, Estarlich M, Fernández-Somoano A, Ibarluzea J, Íñiguez C, Lertxundi A, Tardón A, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vrijheid M, Guxens M. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to NO 2 and child attentional function at 4-5years of age. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:170-177. [PMID: 28689118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution has been linked to cognitive impairment in children, but very few studies have assessed its association with attentional function. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and attentional function in children at 4-5years of age. METHODS We used data from four regions of the Spanish INMA-Environment and Childhood-Project, a population-based birth cohort. Using land-use regression models (LUR), we estimated prenatal and postnatal NO2 levels in all of these regions at the participants' residential addresses. We assessed attentional function using the Kiddie-Conners Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT). We combined the region-specific adjusted effect estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We included 1298 children with complete data. Prenatal exposure to NO2 was associated with an impaired standard error of the hit reaction time (HRT(SE)) (increase of 1.12ms [95% CI; 0.22 a 2.02] per 10μg/m3 increase in prenatal NO2) and increased omission errors (6% [95% CI; 1.01 to 1.11] per 10μg/m3 increase in prenatal NO2). Postnatal exposure to NO2 resulted in a similar but borderline significant increase of omission errors (5% [95% CI; =0.99 to 1.11] per 10μg/m3 increase in postnatal NO2). These associations did not vary markedly between regions, and were mainly observed in girls. Commission errors and lower detectability were associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure to NO2 only in some regions. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that higher exposure to ambient NO2, mainly during pregnancy and to a lesser extent postnatally, is associated with impaired attentional function in children at 4-5years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Sentís
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit, Parc de Salut Mar - Pompeu Fabra University - Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Albert Dalmau-Bueno
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ainara Andiarena
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian 20080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia 46020, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Cirach
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia 46020, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias 33006, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian 20080, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain; Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Guipúzkoa, San Sebastián 20013, Spain
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia 46020, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian 20014, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Basque Country 20014, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- IUOPA-Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias 33006, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.
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Wang Y, Xiong L, Tang M. Toxicity of inhaled particulate matter on the central nervous system: neuroinflammation, neuropsychological effects and neurodegenerative disease. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:644-667. [PMID: 28299803 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) combined with meteorological factors cause the haze, which brings inconvenience to people's daily life and deeply endanger people's health. Accumulating literature, to date, reported that PM are closely related to cardiopulmonary disease. Outpatient visits and admissions as a result of asthma and heart attacks gradually increase with an elevated concentration of PM. Owing to its special physicochemical property, the brain could be a potential target beyond the cardiopulmonary system. Possible routes of PM to the brain via a direct route or stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been reported in several documents concerning toxicity of engineered nanoparticles in rodents. Recent studies have demonstrated that PM have implications in oxidative stress, inflammation, dysfunction of cellular organelles, as well as the disturbance of protein homeostasis, promoting neuron loss and exaggerating the burden of central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, the smallest particles (nano-sized particles), which were involved in inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), microglial activation and neuron loss, may accelerate the process of the neurodevelopmental disorder and neurodegenerative disease. Potential or other undiscovered mechanisms are not mutually exclusive but complementary aspects of each other. Epidemiology studies have shown that exposure to PM could bring about neurotoxicity and play a significant role in the etiology of CNS disease, which has been gradually corroborated by in vivo and in vitro studies. This review highlights research advances on the health effects of PM with an emphasis on neurotoxicity. With the hope of enhancing awareness in the public and calling for prevention and protective measures, it is a critical topic that requires proceeding exploration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lilin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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Hoffmann M, Gebauer S, Nüchter M, Baber R, Ried J, von Bergen M, Kiess W. Endokrine Modulatoren. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 60:640-648. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-017-2551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yorifuji T, Kashima S, Diez MH, Kado Y, Sanada S, Doi H. Prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollution and child behavioral problems at school age in Japan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 99:192-198. [PMID: 27890345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies suggest positive associations between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and neurodevelopment of children, but evidence on the adverse effects of exposure to air pollution on child neurobehavioral development remains limited. We thus examined associations between prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollution and child behavioral problems at school age, using data from a nationwide population-based longitudinal survey in Japan, where participants were recruited in 2001 and are continuously followed. METHODS Suspended particulate matter (SPM), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide concentrations during the 9months before birth were obtained at municipality level and assigned to those participants born in the corresponding municipality. We analyzed data from singleton births with linked pollution data available (e.g., n=33,911 for SPM). We used responses to survey questions about behavioral problems at age 8years. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analysis, adjusting for individual and municipality-level variables. RESULTS Air pollution exposure during gestation was positively associated with risk for behavioral problems related to attention and delinquent or aggressive behavior. In the fully adjusted models, odds ratios following a one-interquartile-range increase in SPM were 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.11) for interrupting others, 1.09 (1.03, 1.15) for failure to pay attention when crossing a street, 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) for lying, and 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) for causing public disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollution was associated with behavioral problems related to attention and delinquent or aggressive behavior at age 8years in a nationally representative sample in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Saori Kashima
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Midory Higa Diez
- Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Kado
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Education, Fukuyama City University, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Doi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Raponi F, Bauleo L, Ancona C, Forastiere F, Paci E, Pigini D, Tranfo G. Quantification of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1- and 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and 6-hydroxynitropyrene by HPLC-MS/MS in human urine as exposure biomarkers for environmental and occupational surveys. Biomarkers 2016; 22:575-583. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Raponi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF) Viterbo, University of Tuscia, Italy
| | - Lisa Bauleo
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, Agenzia di Sanita Pubblica Regione Lazio, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Ancona
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, Agenzia di Sanita Pubblica Regione Lazio, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service, Agenzia di Sanita Pubblica Regione Lazio, Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Paci
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | - Daniela Pigini
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
| | - Giovanna Tranfo
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
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Suades-González E, Gascon M, Guxens M, Sunyer J. Air Pollution and Neuropsychological Development: A Review of the Latest Evidence. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3473-82. [PMID: 26241071 PMCID: PMC4588818 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For the last decade, literature on the detrimental impacts of air pollution on brain, cognition and behavior has exponentially increased. Our aim is to review the latest epidemiologic literature on the association between outdoor air pollution and neuropsychological developmental in children. Two independent researchers searched for published studies between January 1, 2012 and June 12, 2015 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Science direct using defined keywords on outdoor air pollution and neuropsychological development. Selection of articles was based on study eligibility criteria. We encountered sufficient evidence of detrimental effects of pre- or postnatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on global intelligence quotient. The evidence was also sufficient for the association between pre- or postnatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and autism spectrum disorder, and limited evidence was encountered between nitrogen oxides and autism spectrum disorder. For other exposure-outcome associations reviewed, the evidence was inadequate or insufficient. Although evidence is not yet conclusive and further research is needed, the latest epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that pre- or postnatal exposure to ambient pollution, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5, and nitrogen oxides has a negative impact on the neuropsychological development of children. The public health impact of air pollutants cannot be ignored and the precautionary principle should be applied to protect children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Suades-González
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Learning Disabilities Unit (UTAE) (E.S.-G.), Neuropediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación en red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal (M.Ga., J.S.), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08950 Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology (M.Gu.), Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands; and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | - Mireia Gascon
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Learning Disabilities Unit (UTAE) (E.S.-G.), Neuropediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación en red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal (M.Ga., J.S.), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08950 Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology (M.Gu.), Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands; and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Learning Disabilities Unit (UTAE) (E.S.-G.), Neuropediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación en red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal (M.Ga., J.S.), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08950 Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology (M.Gu.), Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands; and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003 Spain; Learning Disabilities Unit (UTAE) (E.S.-G.), Neuropediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación en red (CIBER) Epidemiología y Salud Pública (E.S.-G., M.Ga., M.Gu., J.S.), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal (M.Ga., J.S.), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08950 Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology (M.Gu.), Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands; and Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (J.S.), Barcelona, 08003 Spain
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