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Liu X, Li G, Zhong J, Rang O, Ou G, Qin X, Tang Y, Wang M. Impact of combined chronic exposure to low-dose bisphenol A and fructose on serum adipocytokines and the energy target metabolome in white adipose tissue. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231217992. [PMID: 37990541 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231217992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that plays a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Previous studies confirmed that bisphenol A (BPA) or fructose can interfere with the function of adipose tissue. Nonetheless, knowledge on how exposure to BPA and fructose impacts energy metabolism in adipose tissue remains limited.Purpose: To determine impact of combined chronic exposure to low-dose bisphenol A and fructose on serum adipocytokines and the energy target metabolome in white adipose tissue.Method: 57 energy metabolic intermediates in adipose tissue and 7 adipocytokines in serum from Sprague Dawley rats were examined after combined exposure to two levels of BPA (lower dose: 0.25, and higher dose: 25 μg/kg every other day) and 5% fructose for 6 months.Results: combined exposure to lower-dose BPA and fructose significantly increased omentin-1, pyruvic acid, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and l-lactate; however, these parameters were not significantly affected by higher-dose BPA combined with fructose. Interestingly, the level of succinate (an intermediate of the citric acid cycle) increased dose-dependently in adipose tissue, and the level of apelin 13 (a versatile adipocytokine) decreased dose-dependently in serum after combined exposure to BPA and fructose. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid, phenyl-lactate, and ornithine were significantly correlated with asprosin, omentin-1, apelin, apelin 13, and adiponectin, while l-tyrosine was significantly correlated with irisin and a-FABP under combined exposure to BPA and fructose.Conclusions: these findings indicated that lower-dose BPA combined with fructose could amplify the impact on glycolysis, energy storage, and purine nucleotide biosynthesis in adipose tissue, and adipocytokines, such as omentin-1 and apelin 13, may be related to metabolic interference induced by BPA and fructose exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Guojuan Li
- Endocrine Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Ouyan Rang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Guifang Ou
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Xinru Qin
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Yonghong Tang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
| | - Mu Wang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, PR China
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Fryklund C, Borg M, Svensson T, Schumacher S, Negoita F, Morén B, Stenkula KG. Impaired glucose transport in inguinal adipocytes after short-term high-sucrose feeding in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108338. [PMID: 32004930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets enriched in sucrose severely impair metabolic regulation and are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of 4 weeks high-sucrose diet (HSD) feeding in C57BL6/J mice, with specific focus on adipocyte function. Mice fed HSD had slightly increased adipose tissue mass but displayed similar hepatic triglycerides, glucose and insulin levels, and glucose clearance capacity as chow-fed mice. Interestingly, we found adipose depot-specific differences, where both the non- and insulin-stimulated glucose transports were markedly impaired in primary adipocytes isolated from the inguinal fat depot from HSD-fed mice. This was accompanied by decreased protein levels of both GLUT4 and AS160. A similar but much less pronounced trend was observed in the retroperitoneal depot. In contrast, both GLUT4 expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were preserved in adipocytes isolated from epididymal adipose tissue with HSD. Further, we found a slight shift in cell size distribution towards larger cells with HSD and a significant decrease of ACC and PGC-1α expression in the inguinal adipose tissue depot. Moreover, fructose alone was sufficient to decrease GLUT4 expression in cultured, mature adipocytes. Altogether, we demonstrate that short-term HSD feeding has deleterious impact on insulin response and glucose transport in the inguinal adipose tissue depot, specifically. These changes occur before the onset of systemic glucose dysmetabolism and therefore could provide a mechanistic link to overall impaired energy metabolism reported after prolonged HSD feeding, alone or in combination with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Fryklund
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Madelene Borg
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Svensson
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Schumacher
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Florentina Negoita
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Raja Gopal Reddy M, Mahesh M, Manne M, Putcha UK, Jeyakumar SM. Vitamin A and its metabolic pathway play a determinant role in high-fructose-induced triglyceride accumulation of the visceral adipose depot of male Wistar rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:578-590. [PMID: 31495961 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we tested a hypothesis that vitamin A and/or its metabolic pathways are involved in the high-fructose-mediated alteration in adipose tissue biology. For this purpose, weanling male Wistar rats were provided with one of the following diets: control (C), control with vitamin A deficiency (C-VAD), high fructose (HFr), and HFr with VAD (HFr-VAD) for 16 weeks, except that half of the C-VAD diet-fed rats were shifted to HFr diet (C-VAD(s)HFr), after 8-week period. Compared with control, feeding of HFr diet significantly increased the triglyceride content (P ≤ .01) and thus adipocyte size (hypertrophy) (P ≤ .001) in visceral adipose depot; retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT) and these changes were corroborated with de novo lipogenesis, as evidenced by the increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (P ≤ .01) and up-regulation of lipogenic pathway transcripts, fructose transporter, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1. On the contrary, the absence of vitamin A in the HFr diet (HFr-VAD) failed to exert these changes; however, it induced adipocyte hyperplasia. Further, vitamin A deficiency-mediated changes were reversed by replenishment, as evident from the group that was shifted from C-VAD to HFr diet. In conclusion, vitamin A and its metabolic pathway play a key determinant role in the high-fructose-induced triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy of visceral white adipose depot. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Here, we report the metabolic impact of high-fructose feeding under vitamin A-sufficient and vitamin A-deficient conditions. Feeding of high-fructose diet induced triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy of the visceral white adipose depots. These changes corroborated with augmented expression of vitamin A and lipid metabolic pathway genes. Contrarily, absence of vitamin A in the high-fructose diet did not elicit such responses, while vitamin A replenishment reversed the changes exerted by vitamin A deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the role of vitamin A and its metabolic pathway in the high-fructose-induced triglyceride synthesis and its accumulation in visceral adipose depot and thus provide a new insight and scope to understand these nutrients interaction in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Munikumar Manne
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
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Pinnick KE, Hodson L. Challenging metabolic tissues with fructose: tissue-specific and sex-specific responses. J Physiol 2019; 597:3527-3537. [PMID: 30883738 DOI: 10.1113/jp277115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of free sugars (which typically includes a composite of glucose and fructose) is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Determining the utilisation, storage and fate of dietary sugars in metabolically relevant tissues is fundamental to understanding their contribution to metabolic disease risk. To date, the study of fructose metabolism has primarily focused on the liver, where it has been implicated in impaired insulin sensitivity, increased fat accumulation and dyslipidaemia. Yet we still have only a limited understanding of the mechanisms by which consumption of fructose, as part of a mixed meal, may alter hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning. Moreover, surprisingly little is known about the metabolism of fructose within other organs, specifically subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is the largest metabolically active organ in the human body and is consistently exposed to nutrient fluxes. This review summarises what is known about fructose metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue and examines evidence for tissue-specific and sex-specific responses to fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Carreño D, Corro N, Torres-Estay V, Véliz LP, Jaimovich R, Cisternas P, San Francisco IF, Sotomayor PC, Tanasova M, Inestrosa NC, Godoy AS. Fructose and prostate cancer: toward an integrated view of cancer cell metabolism. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:49-58. [PMID: 30104655 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) gene expression is a molecular feature of cancer cells that increases glucose uptake and metabolism. Increased glucose uptake is the basis for the clinical localization of primary tumors using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) as a radiotracer. However, previous studies have demonstrated that a considerable number of cancers, which include prostate cancer (CaP), express low to undetectable levels of Glut-1 and that FDG-PET has limited clinical applicability in CaP. This observation could be explained by a low metabolic activity of CaP cells that may be overcome using different hexoses, such as fructose, as the preferred energy source. However, these hypotheses have not been examined critically in CaP. This review article summarizes what is currently known about transport and metabolism of hexoses, and more specifically fructose, in CaP and provides experimental evidences indicating that CaP cells may have increased capacity to transport and metabolize fructose in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, this review highlights recent findings that allow better understanding of how metabolism of fructose may regulate cancer cell proliferation and how fructose uptake and metabolism, through the de novo lipogenesis pathway, may provide new opportunities for CaP early diagnosis, staging, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carreño
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Néstor Corro
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Loreto P Véliz
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Department of Cell Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Paula C Sotomayor
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Department of Cell Biology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Legeza B, Marcolongo P, Gamberucci A, Varga V, Bánhegyi G, Benedetti A, Odermatt A. Fructose, Glucocorticoids and Adipose Tissue: Implications for the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050426. [PMID: 28445389 PMCID: PMC5452156 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern Western society lifestyle is characterized by a hyperenergetic, high sugar containing food intake. Sugar intake increased dramatically during the last few decades, due to the excessive consumption of high-sugar drinks and high-fructose corn syrup. Current evidence suggests that high fructose intake when combined with overeating and adiposity promotes adverse metabolic health effects including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and inflammation. Similarly, elevated glucocorticoid levels, especially the enhanced generation of active glucocorticoids in the adipose tissue due to increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) activity, have been associated with metabolic diseases. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that fructose stimulates the 11β-HSD1-mediated glucocorticoid activation by enhancing the availability of its cofactor NADPH. In adipocytes, fructose was found to stimulate 11β-HSD1 expression and activity, thereby promoting the adipogenic effects of glucocorticoids. This article aims to highlight the interconnections between overwhelmed fructose metabolism, intracellular glucocorticoid activation in adipose tissue, and their metabolic effects on the progression of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Legeza
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Paola Marcolongo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gamberucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Viola Varga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.
| | - Angiolo Benedetti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Long-Term Fructose Intake Increases Adipogenic Potential: Evidence of Direct Effects of Fructose on Adipocyte Precursor Cells. Nutrients 2016; 8:198. [PMID: 27049396 PMCID: PMC4848667 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously addressed that fructose rich diet (FRD) intake for three weeks increases the adipogenic potential of stromal vascular fraction cells from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). We have now evaluated the effect of prolonged FRD intake (eight weeks) on metabolic parameters, number of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and in vitro adipogenic potential from control (CTR) and FRD adult male rats. Additionally, we have examined the direct fructose effects on the adipogenic capacity of normal APCs. FRD fed rats had increased plasma levels of insulin, triglyceride and leptin, and RPAT mass and adipocyte size. FACS studies showed higher APCs number and adipogenic potential in FRD RPAT pads; data is supported by high mRNA levels of competency markers: PPARγ2 and Zfp423. Complementary in vitro experiments indicate that fructose-exposed normal APCs displayed an overall increased adipogenic capacity. We conclude that the RPAT mass expansion observed in eight week-FRD fed rats depends on combined accelerated adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, partially due to a direct effect of fructose on APCs.
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Volpi-Lagreca G, Duckett SK. Supplementation of glycerol or fructose via drinking water to enhance marbling deposition and meat quality of finishing cattle1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:858-68. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose was to summarize recent advances in the understanding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathophysiology and the role of fructose in NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological studies continue to point to a strong association between high fructose intake and NAFLD and its severity. New studies of NAFLD reveal the importance of upregulated de novo lipogenesis as a key feature in its pathophysiology along with increased visceral adiposity and alteration of gut microbiome. Studies of fructose in NAFLD show how this nutrient may uniquely exacerbate the phenotype of NAFLD. The timing of exposure to fructose may be important with early (in utero) exposure being particularly harmful. SUMMARY Fructose is a potentially modifiable environmental exposure that appears to exacerbate NAFLD through multiple mechanisms. Although larger, longer clinical studies are still needed, it appears that limitation of fructose sources in the diet is beneficial in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Fructose Alters Intermediary Metabolism of Glucose in Human Adipocytes and Diverts Glucose to Serine Oxidation in the One-Carbon Cycle Energy Producing Pathway. Metabolites 2015; 5:364-85. [PMID: 26087138 PMCID: PMC4495377 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of sugar and fructose as sweeteners has resulted in the utilization of fructose as an alternative metabolic fuel that may compete with glucose and alter its metabolism. To explore this, human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) preadipocytes were differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of 0, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mM of fructose added to a medium containing 5 mM of glucose representing the normal blood glucose concentration. Targeted tracer [1,2-13C2]-d-glucose fate association approach was employed to examine the influence of fructose on the intermediary metabolism of glucose. Increasing concentrations of fructose robustly increased the oxidation of [1,2-13C2]-d-glucose to 13CO2 (p < 0.000001). However, glucose-derived 13CO2 negatively correlated with 13C labeled glutamate, 13C palmitate, and M+1 labeled lactate. These are strong markers of limited tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid synthesis, pentose cycle fluxes, substrate turnover and NAD+/NADP+ or ATP production from glucose via complete oxidation, indicating diminished mitochondrial energy metabolism. Contrarily, a positive correlation was observed between glucose-derived 13CO2 formed and 13C oleate and doses of fructose which indicate the elongation and desaturation of palmitate to oleate for storage. Collectively, these results suggest that fructose preferentially drives glucose through serine oxidation glycine cleavage (SOGC pathway) one-carbon cycle for NAD+/NADP+ production that is utilized in fructose-induced lipogenesis and storage in adipocytes.
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Vazquez Prieto MA, Bettaieb A, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Soto VC, Perdicaro DJ, Galmarini CR, Haj FG, Miatello RM, Oteiza PI. Catechin and quercetin attenuate adipose inflammation in fructose-fed rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:622-33. [PMID: 25620282 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study evaluated the capacity of dietary catechin (C), quercetin (Q), and the combination of both (CQ), to attenuate adipose inflammation triggered by high fructose (HFr) consumption in rats and by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS In rats, HFr consumption for 6 wk caused dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, reduced plasma adiponectin, adiposity, and adipose tissue inflammation. Dietary supplementation with 20 mg/kg/day of C, Q, and CQ improved all these parameters. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, C and Q attenuated TNF-α-induced elevated protein carbonyls, increased proinflammatory cytokine expression (MCP-1, resistin), and decreased adiponectin. The protective effects of C and Q on adipose inflammation are in part associated with their capacity to (i) decrease the activation of the mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs) JNK and p38; and (ii) prevent the downregulation of PPAR-γ. In summary, C and Q, and to a larger extent the combination of both, attenuated adipose proinflammatory signaling cascades and regulated the balance of molecules that improve (adiponectin) or impair (TNF-α, MCP-1, resistin) insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest that dietary Q and C may have potential benefits in mitigating MetS-associated adipose inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Vazquez Prieto
- Area de Fisiología Patológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU-CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kulavarasalingam
- aDiabetes Centre, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham bCentre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester, Manchester cUniversity of Salford, Salford, UK
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