1
|
Mobasheri L, Ahadi M, Beheshti Namdar A, Alavi MS, Bemidinezhad A, Moshirian Farahi SM, Esmaeilizadeh M, Nikpasand N, Einafshar E, Ghorbani A. Pathophysiology of diabetic hepatopathy and molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115502. [PMID: 37734266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are at risk for liver disorders including glycogen hepatopathy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatic fibrosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind diabetic hepatopathy are complex, some of them include fatty acid accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species, increased advanced glycation end-products, hyperactivity of polyol pathways, increased apoptosis and necrosis, and promotion of fibrosis. A growing number of studies have shown that herbal extracts and their active phytochemicals have antihyperglycemic properties and beneficial effects on diabetic complications. The current review, for the first time, focused on herbal agents that showed beneficial effects on diabetic hepatopathy. For example, animal studies have shown that Moringa oleifera and Morus alba improve liver function in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Also, evidence from clinical trials suggests that Boswellia serrata, Juglans regia, Melissa officinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Silybum marianum, Talapotaka Churna, and Urtica dioica reduce serum liver enzymes in diabetic patients. The main active ingredient of these plants to protect the liver seems to be phenolic compounds such as niazirin, chlorogenic acid, resveratrol, etc. Mechanisms responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of herbal agents include improving glucose metabolism, restoring adipokines levels, antioxidant defense, and anti-inflammatory activity. Several signaling pathways are involved in hepatoprotective effects of herbal agents in diabetes, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mobasheri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Ahadi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Beheshti Namdar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bemidinezhad
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Esmaeilizadeh
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloofar Nikpasand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Einafshar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
AMPK inhibits liver gluconeogenesis: fact or fiction? Biochem J 2023; 480:105-125. [PMID: 36637190 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Is there a role for AMPK in the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis and could targeting AMPK in liver be a viable strategy for treating type 2 diabetes? These are frequently asked questions this review tries to answer. After describing properties of AMPK and different small-molecule AMPK activators, we briefly review the various mechanisms for controlling hepatic glucose production, mainly via gluconeogenesis. The different experimental and genetic models that have been used to draw conclusions about the role of AMPK in the control of liver gluconeogenesis are critically discussed. The effects of several anti-diabetic drugs, particularly metformin, on hepatic gluconeogenesis are also considered. We conclude that the main effect of AMPK activation pertinent to the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis is to antagonize glucagon signalling in the short-term and, in the long-term, to improve insulin sensitivity by reducing hepatic lipid content.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lou K, Sun P, Zhang C, Jiang Q, Pang S. X-box binding protein 1: A new metabolic mediator and drug target of metformin? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013218. [PMID: 36438823 PMCID: PMC9691898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that metformin improved hypertriglyceridemia. The present study aim to investigate the molecular mechanism by which metformin improves hypertriglyceridemia via regulation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the liver and whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat diet with metformin for 5 weeks to evaluate the effect of metformin on triglyceride (TG) levels and expression of DGAT2 and XBP1 in the liver. In vitro HepG2 cells or XBP1 knockout AML12 hepatocytes were stimulated with metformin, palmitic acid or small interfering RNA inducing XBP1 knockdown, or dominant-negative mutant AMPK plasmid. Metformin treatment reduced hepatic TG levels in the liver of HFD-fed mice. Expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic XBP1 protein and its downstream target gene DGAT2 decreased in the liver of HFD-fed mice and HepG2 cells after metformin treatment. AMPK inactivation or overexpression of XBP1 attenuates this effect. Our preliminary results demonstrate that metformin activates AMPK to reduce TG synthesis by inhibiting the XBP1-mediated DGAT2 pathway, at least in part, suggesting that XBP1 is a new metabolic mediator for metformin treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and associated metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Pang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anusiya G, Gowthama Prabu U, Yamini NV, Sivarajasekar N, Rambabu K, Bharath G, Banat F. A review of the therapeutic and biological effects of edible and wild mushrooms. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11239-11268. [PMID: 34738876 PMCID: PMC8810068 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries. Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, which are building blocks of vital proteins. In general, mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits with a large spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, osteoprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. Both wild edible and medicinal mushrooms possess strong therapeutic and biological activities, which are evident from their in vivo and in vitro assays. The multifunctional activities of the mushroom extracts and the targeted potential of each of the compounds in the extracts have a broad range of applications, especially in the healing and repair of various organs and cells in humans. Owing to the presence of the aforementioned properties and rich phytocomposition, mushrooms are being used in the production of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This review aims to provide a clear insight on the commercially cultivated, wild edible, and medicinal mushrooms with comprehensive information on their phytochemical constituents and properties as part of food and medicine for futuristic exploitation. Future outlook and prospective challenges associated with the cultivation and processing of these medicinal mushrooms as functional foods are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Anusiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - U Gowthama Prabu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - N V Yamini
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - N Sivarajasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu L, Cui Y, Wang Q, Xu Z, Wang Y, Lin Y, Song J, Yao H. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of five Crataegus species (Rosaceae) based on complete chloroplast genomes. PLANTA 2021; 254:14. [PMID: 34180013 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast genomes of the five Crataegus species were shown to have a conserved genome structure. Complete chloroplast genome sequences were more suitable than highly variable regions for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of Crataegus species. Hawthorn, which is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine, is one of the most popular sour fruits and has high economic value. Crataegus pinnatifida var. pinnatifida and C. pinnatifida var. major are frequently adulterated with other Crataegus species on the herbal medicine market. However, most Crataegus plants are difficult to identify using traditional morphological methods. Here, we compared five Crataegus chloroplast (CP) genomes comprising two newly sequenced (i.e., C. pinnatifida var. pinnatifida and C. pinnatifida var. major) and three previously published CP genomes. The CP genomes of the five Crataegus species had a conserved genome structure, gene content and codon usage. The total length of the CP genomes was 159,654-159,865 bp. A total of 129-130 genes, including 84-85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes, were annotated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 96-103 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 48-70 long repeats in the five CP genomes. Combining the results of mVISTA and nucleotide diversity, five highly variable regions were screened for species identification and relationship studies. Maximum likelihood trees were constructed on the basis of complete CP genome sequences and highly variable regions. The results showed that the former had higher discriminatory power for Crataegus species, indicating that the complete CP genome could be used as a super-barcode to accurately authenticate the five Crataegus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingxian Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Endangered Medicinal Materials, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin CH, Hsiao LW, Kuo YH, Shih CC. Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Sulphurenic Acid, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4897. [PMID: 31581697 PMCID: PMC6801777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of sulphurenic acid (SA), a pure compound from Antrodia camphorata, on diabetes and hyperlipidemia in an animal model study and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism. Diabetes was induced by daily 55 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) solution over five days. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and orally gavaged with SA (at three dosages) or glibenclamide (Glib), fenofibrate (Feno) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Our findings showed that STZ-induced diabetic mice had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), plasma triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively) but decreased blood insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels compared to those of the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Administration of SA to STZ-induced diabetic mice may lower blood glucose but it increased the insulin levels with restoration of the size of the islets of Langerhans cells, implying that SA protected against STZ-induced diabetic states within the pancreas. At the molecular level, SA treatment exerts an increase in skeletal muscle expression levels of membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt to increase the membrane glucose uptake, but the mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase are decreased to inhibit hepatic glucose production, thus leading to its hypoglycemic effect. Moreover, SA may cause hypolipidemic effects not only by enhancing hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) with increased fatty acid oxidation but also by reducing lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) as well as reducing mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1C and SREBP2 to lower blood TG and TC levels. Our findings demonstrated that SA displayed a protective effect against type 1 diabetes and a hyperlipidemic state in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Fengyuan District, Taichung 42055, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wei Hsiao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung 40601, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antioxidant Versus Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Mushroom-Enriched Diets on Mitochondria in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163987. [PMID: 31426291 PMCID: PMC6720908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and in the control of cell death signalling during the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associated with the metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is mostly driven by insulin-resistant white adipose tissue lipolysis that results in an increased hepatic fatty acid influx and the ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver. Upregulation of beta-oxidation as one compensatory mechanism leads to an increase in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and ATP generation. The progression of NAFLD is associated with alterations in the mitochondrial molecular composition and respiratory capacity, which increases their vulnerability to different stressors, including calcium and pro-inflammatory molecules, which result in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, altogether, may ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. This may activate further pro-inflammatory pathways involved in the progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). Mushroom-enriched diets, or the administration of their isolated bioactive compounds, have been shown to display beneficial effects on insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by regulating nutrient uptake and lipid metabolism as well as modulating the antioxidant activity of the cell. In addition, the gut microbiota has also been described to be modulated by mushroom bioactive molecules, with implications in reducing liver inflammation during NAFLD progression. Dietary mushroom extracts have been reported to have anti-tumorigenic properties and to induce cell-death via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This calls for particular attention to the potential therapeutic properties of these natural compounds which may push the development of novel pharmacological options to treat NASH and HCC. We here review the diverse effects of mushroom-enriched diets in liver disease, emphasizing those effects that are dependent on mitochondria.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin CH, Shih ZZ, Kuo YH, Huang GJ, Tu PC, Shih CC. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the flower extract of Eriobotrya japonica in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and the potential bioactive constituents in vitro. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
9
|
Song SH, Kim JE, Koh EK, Sung JE, Lee HA, Yun WB, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Selenium-loaded cellulose film derived from Styela clava tunic accelerates the healing process of cutaneous wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 29:606-616. [PMID: 29409374 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1425357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aims of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects and toxicity of Se-loaded cellulose film originated from Styela clava tunic (SeSCTF) on cutaneous wounds during diabetic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alterations in skin regeneration, angiogenesis and toxicity were examined using streptozotocine (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley® (SD) rats with surgical skin wounds after application of SeSCTF for 12 days. RESULTS SCTF showed high tensile strength (1.64 MPa), low elongation (28.59%), low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and outstanding porous structure. Although SeSCTF application did not induce any significant alterations in glucose concentration or toxicity, wound morphology was rapidly recovered in the SeSCTF treated group relative to the gauze (GZ) and SCTF treated group. Moreover, recovery of re-epithelization, wound contraction and number of blood vessel was observed in SeSCTF treated groups when compared with all other groups. Furthermore, the SeSCTF treated group showed complete recovery of key protein expressions of the downstream signaling pathway of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-2/1 (Ang-2/1), the signaling pathway of insulin receptors and anti-oxidative status. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this study suggest that SeSCTF accelerates the healing process of cutaneous wounds in STZ-induced diabetic SD rats through stimulation of angiogenesis and the glucose receptor signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Song
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Eun Kyoung Koh
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- b College of Pharmacy , Chungbuk National University , Chungju , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- a College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute , Pusan National University , Miryang , Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Yu H, Wang S, Wang W, Chen Q, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Natural products, an important resource for discovery of multitarget drugs and functional food for regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:121-135. [PMID: 29391777 PMCID: PMC5768189 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced hepatic glucose homeostasis is one of the critical pathologic events in the development of metabolic syndromes (MSs). Therefore, regulation of imbalanced hepatic glucose homeostasis is important in drug development for MS treatment. In this review, we discuss the major targets that regulate hepatic glucose homeostasis in human physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, involving hepatic glucose uptake, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis, and summarize their changes in MSs. Recent literature suggests the necessity of multitarget drugs in the management of MS disorder for regulation of imbalanced glucose homeostasis in both experimental models and MS patients. Here, we highlight the potential bioactive compounds from natural products with medicinal or health care values, and focus on polypharmacologic and multitarget natural products with effects on various signaling pathways in hepatic glucose metabolism. This review shows the advantage and feasibility of discovering multicompound-multitarget drugs from natural products, and providing a new perspective of ways on drug and functional food development for MSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Wei Wang
- Internal Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Yanmin Ma
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Choi RY, Ham JR, Lee MK. Esculetin prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetic mice fed high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:13-21. [PMID: 27769711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and mechanism of esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) on non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetic mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). The diabetic mice model was induced by injection of streptozotocin, after which they were fed HFD diet with or without esculetin for 11 weeks. Non-diabetic mice were provided a normal diet. Diabetes induced hepatic hypertrophy, lipid accumulation and droplets; however, esculetin reversed these changes. Esculetin treatment in diabetic mice fed HFD significantly down-regulated expression of lipid synthesis genes (Fasn, Dgat2 and Plpp2) and inflammation genes (Tlr4, Myd88, Nfkb, Tnfα and Il6). Moreover, the activities of hepatic lipid synthesis enzymes (fatty acid synthase and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase) and gluconeogenesis enzyme (glucose-6-phosphatase) in the esculetin group were decreased compared with the diabetic group. In addition, esculetin significantly reduced blood HbA1c, serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1) levels compared with the diabetic group without changing the insulin content in serum and the pancreas. Hepatic SOD activity was lower and lipid peroxidation level was higher in the diabetic group than in the normal group; however, esculetin attenuates these differences. Overall, these results demonstrated that esculetin supplementation could protect against development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in diabetes via regulation of lipids, glucose and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ri Ham
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grahame Hardie D. Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by natural and synthetic activators. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:1-19. [PMID: 26904394 PMCID: PMC4724661 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost universally expressed in eukaryotic cells. While it appears to have evolved in single-celled eukaryotes to regulate energy balance in a cell-autonomous manner, during the evolution of multicellular animals its role has become adapted so that it also regulates energy balance at the whole body level, by responding to hormones that act primarily on the hypothalamus. AMPK monitors energy balance at the cellular level by sensing the ratios of AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP, and recent structural analyses of the AMPK heterotrimer that have provided insight into the complex mechanisms for these effects will be discussed. Given the central importance of energy balance in diseases that are major causes of morbidity or death in humans, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and inflammatory disorders, there has been a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. Many such activators have been described, and the various mechanisms by which these activate AMPK will be discussed. A particularly large class of AMPK activators are natural products of plants derived from traditional herbal medicines. While the mechanism by which most of these activate AMPK has not yet been addressed, I will argue that many of them may be defensive compounds produced by plants to deter infection by pathogens or grazing by insects or herbivores, and that many of them will turn out to be inhibitors of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signaling & Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuo YH, Lin CH, Shih CC. Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Properties of a Triterpenoid Compound, Dehydroeburicoic Acid, from Antrodia camphorata in Vitro and in Streptozotocin-Induced Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10140-10151. [PMID: 26503742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dehydroeburicoic acid (TT) on type 1 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups and given orally by gavage TT (at three dosages), metformin (Metf), fenfibrate (Feno), or vehicle for 4 weeks. STZ-induced diabetic mice showed elevations in blood glucose levels (P < 0.001). TT treatment markedly decreased blood glucose levels by 42.6-46.5%. Moreover, STZ-induced diabetic mice displayed an increase in circulating triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) but a decrease in blood insulin and adiponectin levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). These substances are also reversed by TT treatment, indicating TT ameliorated diabetes and dyslipidemia. Membrane skeletal muscular expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation (phospho-AMPK) in both liver and skeletal muscle were reduced in STZ-induced diabetic mice, which normalized upon TT treatment and correction of hyperglycemia accompanied with a decrease in mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), which was related to the inhibition of hepatic glucose production and attenuating diabetic state. In addition, TT also showed hypolipidemic effect by increasing hepatic expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT-1a) but decreasing expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), which further contributed to a decrease in circulating TG levels. TT-treated mice displayed decreased SREBP2 mRNA levels and reduced blood TC levels. These findings strongly support that TT prevents diabetic and dyslipidemic states in STZ-induced diabetic mice evidenced by regulation of GLUT4, PPARα, FAS, and phosphorylation of AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung City 41354, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fengyuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Fengyuan District, Taichung City 42055, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Shih
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Health Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology , 666 Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 40601, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji W, Chen X, Lv J, Wang M, Ren S, Yuan B, Wang B, Chen L. Liraglutide Exerts Antidiabetic Effect via PTP1B and PI3K/Akt2 Signaling Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of KKAy Mice. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:312452. [PMID: 25183970 PMCID: PMC4144308 DOI: 10.1155/2014/312452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide 1 analog) was used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) which could produce glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Aim. The aim was to investigate whether liraglutide could improve myofibril and mitochondria injury in skeletal muscle and the mechanisms in diabetic KKAy mice. Method. We divided the male KKAy mice into 2 groups: liraglutide group (250 μg/kg/day liraglutide subcutaneous injection) and model group; meanwhile, the male C57BL/6J mice were considered as the control. After 6 weeks, the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle was observed by electron microscope. The gene expressions of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) were determined by real-time PCR. The protein levels of the above molecules and phospho-Akt2 (p-Akt2) were measured by Western blot. Results. Liraglutide significantly ameliorated the injury of mitochondria by increasing the number (+441%) and the area (+113%) of mitochondria and mitochondrial area/100 µm(2) (+396%) in skeletal muscle of KKAy mice. The results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that liraglutide downregulated PTP1B while it upregulated PI3K and GLUT4 (P < 0.01). The protein level of p-Akt2/Akt2 was also increased (P < 0.01). Conclusion. These results revealed that liraglutide could improve myofibril and mitochondria injury in skeletal muscle against T2DM via PTP1B and PI3K/Akt2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ji
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shuting Ren
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bingxiang Yuan
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lina Chen
- College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- *Lina Chen:
| |
Collapse
|