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Galmés S, Palou A, Serra F. Dietary Sources, Sex, and rs5888 ( SCARB1) as Modulators of Vitamin A's Effect on Cardiometabolic Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14152. [PMID: 37762456 PMCID: PMC10531832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although preclinical studies have attributed vitamin A (VA) cardiometabolic benefits, these effects are still controversial and not always supported in large human studies. Here, the outcomes associated with VA and its relationship with habitual dietary sources, sex, and genetic background have been studied. To do so, the data from an observational study (n = 455) (64% females, mean age of 36 years) showing that suboptimal VA intake (mainly from retinol rather than carotene) is associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) were considered. A higher odds ratio (OR) of suffering ≥ 2 simultaneous CMR factors was observed in men in the low consumption tercile of retinol (OR = 2.04; p = 0.019). In women, however, this relationship was not evident. Then, incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with VA-related compounds (ex vivo functional assay from 81 men and women) induced specific changes in the activity of genes involved in lipid homeostasis and inflammatory status, which were dependent on the type of compound tested and the sex of the person. In addition, the presence of the genetic variant rs5888 in SCARB1 was identified as having a high influence on VA-related metabolic response. The new evidence derived from this study could be relevant for personalized nutritional advice concerning VA and CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (F.S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (F.S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation−NuBE), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain; (S.G.); (F.S.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Hisbiyah Y, Endaryanto A, Setyoboedi B, Rochmah N, Faizi M. The correlation between vitamin D and levels of IFN-γ, NF-κB, thyroid antibodies in down syndrome: study in Indonesian children. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022342. [PMID: 36533745 PMCID: PMC9828918 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i6.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vitamin D (VD) reduces interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production and prevents nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, impacting the inhibition of the autoimmunity process such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). Children with Down syndrome (DS) are reported to have a higher risk of autoimmunity and lower VD levels than non-DS. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate VD levels in Indonesian DS children and their relationship with marker of AITD. METHODS This study was conducted on DS children at Dr Soetomo Hospital between February 2021-June 2022. Socio-demographic status, amount of milk, fish and meat consumption, and duration of sun exposure were obtained using a self-report questionnaire. Thyroid hormone (TSH and FT4), thyroid antibody (TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab), 25 (OH)D, IFN-γ, and NF-κB levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Of the 80 participants, 53.75% had sufficient (50.829±17.713 ng/ml) and 46.25% had non-sufficient (20.606±5.974 ng/ml) VD levels. Daily milk consumption, meat and fish consumption were risk factors contributing to VD levels in multivariate analysis [p=0.003, OR=1.007(1.003-1.012); p=0.004, OR=1.816(1.209- 2.728), respectively]. Participants with sufficient VD had significantly higher TPO-Ab (p=0.007) and Tg-Ab (p=0.016). Mean of VD levels were significantly negatively correlated with IFN-γ levels (r =-0.262, p=0.037) and positively correlated with TPO-Ab (r= 0.432, p=1x10-5,) and Tg-Ab (r= 0.375, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Majority of subjects had sufficient VD levels. VD suppresses IFN-g, but is unable to affect NF-κB levels, presumably causing high levels of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab in sufficient VD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Hisbiyah
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Anang Endaryanto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Bagus Setyoboedi
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Nur Rochmah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Faizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
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Relationships between Vitamin D and Selected Cytokines and Hemogram Parameters in Professional Football Players-Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137124. [PMID: 34281061 PMCID: PMC8297090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Most of the effects of vitamin D on innate immunity are anti-inflammatory. In monocytes/macrophages, vitamin D suppresses the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and selected cytokines—IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which are hemogram parameters for professional football players. We enrolled 41 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age, career duration, and VO2max were, respectively: 22.7 ± 5.3 years, 14.7 ± 4.5 years, and 55.8 ± 4.0 mL/kg/min. Serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured by electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) using the Elecsys system (Roche, Switzerland). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis). Blood count with smear was measured on a Sysmex XT-4000i analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D levels in 78% of the professional players. We found a significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and TNF-α and LYMPH (%). The results also demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and NEUTH (%), NEUTH (tys/µL), and EOS (tys/µL). Based on the results of our study, we concluded that football players from Poland are not protected against vitamin D insufficiency in winter months. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased pro-inflammatory risk in well-trained athletes.
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Jaffey JA, Bessette M, Tao Z, Bradley-Siemens N, Thompson M. Effects of calcitriol on oxidative burst, phagocytic function, and leukocyte cytokine production in shelter dogs. Canine Med Genet 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 32924019 PMCID: PMC7477847 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-020-00090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The active metabolite of vitamin D, calcitriol, has been shown across many different species to augment innate immune responses and dampen aberrant proinflammatory cytokine production. Community acquired infections are common in shelters and consume limited shelter resources, impact adoption rates, and can result in unnecessary euthanasia. Prophylactic oral vitamin D supplementation decreases the incidence and severity of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans. Before a clinical trial investigating the clinical benefit of oral vitamin D supplementation in shelter dogs can be pursued, an in vitro study evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of calcitriol in blood from shelter dogs is warranted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if incubation of whole blood obtained from apparently healthy dogs housed in a shelter for ≥7 days with calcitriol would alter granulocyte/monocyte (GM) oxidative burst and phagocytic function as well as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-stimulated leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10. Results Ten dogs housed in a shelter for ≥7 days were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Whole blood from these dogs was incubated with calcitriol (10− 7 M) or diluent (control) for 24 h. Subsequent to this incubation, phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli (E. coli) and E. coli-induced oxidative burst were evaluated via flow cytometry. In addition, leukocyte production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead assay. Calcitriol significantly decreased leukocyte TNF-α production (p = 0.009) and increased IL-10 production (p = 0.002). Tumor necrosis factor-α-to-IL-10 ratio was significantly decreased with calcitriol (p = 0.017), while IL-6 production as well as GM oxidative burst and phagocytic function were not significantly affected. Conclusions These data indicate that calcitriol attenuates proinflammatory immune responses without affecting GM oxidative burst or phagocytic function in vitro in whole blood obtained from apparently healthy shelter dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
| | - Mariah Bessette
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
| | - Zenan Tao
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
| | - Nancy Bradley-Siemens
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA
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Varamenti E, Cherif A, Nikolovski Z, Tabben M, Jamurtas AZ, Cardinale M. Exploring possible relationships between 25(OH)D deficiency and variables related to inflammation, endothelial function, and enzymatic antioxidants in adolescent athletes: a prospective study. Biol Sport 2019; 36:113-118. [PMID: 31223187 PMCID: PMC6561226 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.81112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the role of vitamin D in calcium and bone metabolism is well documented, there is little clarity regarding the implications of low vitamin D status for inflammation, endothelial function, and antioxidant status in adolescent athletes. A prospective cohort study was conducted, and 44 male adolescent athletes, training at a sports academy in the Middle East, were assigned to either the intervention group (VitDs), consisting of vitamin D deficient athletes [twenty-five hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <20 ng/ml; n = 22], or the comparison group, consisting of vitamin D sufficient athletes [25(OH)D >30 ng/ml; n = 22]. Vitamin D status, inflammatory cytokines, endothelium-related variables, and antioxidant enzymes were measured twice during a nine-week training period. At the baseline, the athletes in the VitDs group had significantly lower concentrations of 25(OH)D, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and higher levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and nitrite (NO2) (p < 0.05), in comparison to the athletes in the sufficient group. After vitamin D supplementation for the VitDs group, the two cohorts differed considerably in vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and PTH concentrations (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the low levels of vitamin D possibly induced alterations in the investigated biochemical parameters of athletes in the VitDs group at the beginning of the monitoring period. Furthermore, while the vitamin D supplementation was effective in increasing 25(OH)D status, it may have concurrently positively influenced variables that are related to inflammation, endothelial function, and enzymatic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anissa Cherif
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Marco Cardinale
- Aspire Academy, Department of Sports Science, Doha, Qatar
- University College London, Department of Computer Science and Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, London, UK
- University of St Mark & St John, Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, Plymouth, UK
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Galmés S, Cifre M, Palou A, Oliver P, Serra F. A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019; 11:E298. [PMID: 30704070 PMCID: PMC6412420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 rich diets have been shown to improve inflammatory status. However, in an ex vivo system of human blood cells, the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulating lipid metabolism and cytokine response is attenuated in overweight subjects and shows high inter-individual variability. This suggests that obesity may be exerting a synergistic effect with genetic background disturbing the anti-inflammatory potential of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the present work, a genetic score aiming to explore the risk associated to low grade inflammation and obesity (LGI-Ob) has been elaborated and assessed as a tool to contribute to discern population at risk for metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production as a response to omega-3 were associated with LGI-Ob score; and lower anti-inflammatory effect of PUFA was observed in subjects with a high genetic score. Furthermore, overweight/obese individuals showed positive correlation of both plasma C-Reactive Protein and triglyceride/HDLc-index with LGI-Ob; and high LGI-Ob score was associated with greater hypertension (p = 0.047), Type 2 diabetes (p = 0.026), and metabolic risk (p = 0.021). The study shows that genetic variation can influence inflammation and omega-3 response, and that the LGI-Ob score could be a useful tool to classify subjects at inflammatory risk and more prone to suffer metabolic syndrome and associated metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- NUO Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain.
| | - Margalida Cifre
- NUO Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andreu Palou
- NUO Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain.
| | - Paula Oliver
- NUO Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- NUO Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain.
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Yue Y, Hymøller L, Jensen SK, Lauridsen C. Effect of vitamin D treatments on plasma metabolism and immune parameters of healthy dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:205-220. [PMID: 29561174 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1448564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effect of vitamin D repletion on certain immune parameters of vitamin D insufficient dairy cows. Twenty dairy cows in late lactation were treated daily with vitamin D in five different ways: sunlight exposure (SUN), D2 supplementation combined with sunlight exposure (D2SUN), D2 supplementation (D2), D3 supplementation (D3), and D2 and D3 supplementation combined (D2D3). The cows had very low vitamin D levels at d 0 because of the vitamin D deprivation before the study. After 1 month of vitamin D repletion, all cows had plasma 25(OH)D levels within the normal range. Total 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in SUN, D2SUN and D2D3 than D2 or D3 at the end of the study. However, milk yield, as well as protein and fat content of the milk, was not influenced by vitamin D treatments. There was no difference obtained in the measured immune parameters: Leucocyte populations, somatic cell count, immunoglobulin concentrations in plasma and milk, and antigen-stimulated cytokine productions did not change in response to vitamin D repletion or difference in vitamin D sources, and no relations to plasma 25(OH)D levels were identified. Despite the fact that plasma 25(OH)D increased from a very low level to normal range, the present study did not show any effect of vitamin D repletion on the tested immune parameters of healthy dairy cows. Therefore, in this study, it was concluded that repletion to physiologically normal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of vitamin D-depleted healthy dairy cows had no influence on immune parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Lone Hymøller
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
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Louis J, Marquet LA, Tiollier E, Bermon S, Hausswirth C, Brisswalter J. The impact of sleeping with reduced glycogen stores on immunity and sleep in triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1941-54. [PMID: 27491620 PMCID: PMC5020129 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of a 3-week dietary periodization on immunity and sleep in triathletes. METHODS 21 triathletes were divided into two groups with different nutritional guidelines during a 3-week endurance training program including nine twice a day sessions with lowered (SL group) or maintained (CON group) glycogen availability during the overnight recovery period. In addition to performance tests, sleep was monitored every night. Systemic and mucosal immune parameters as well as the incidence of URTI were monitored every week of the training/nutrition protocol. Two-ways ANOVA and effect sizes were used to examine differences in dependent variables between groups at each time point. RESULTS The SL group significantly improved 10 km running performance (-1 min 13 s, P < 0.01, d = 0.38), whereas no improvement was recorded in the CON group (-2 s, NS). No significant changes in white blood cells counts, plasma cortisol and IL-6 were recorded over the protocol in both groups. The vitamin D status decreased in similar proportions between groups, whereas salivary IgA decreased in the SL group only (P < 0.05, d = 0.23). The incidence of URTI was not altered in both groups. All participants in both groups went to bed earlier during the training program (SL -20 min, CON -27 min, P < 0.05, d = 0.28). In the SL group, only sleep efficiency slightly decreased by 1.1 % (P < 0.05, d = 0.25) and the fragmentation index tended to increase at the end of the protocol (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Sleeping and training the next morning regularly with reduced glycogen availability has minimal effects on selected markers of immunity, the incidence of URTI and sleeping patterns in trained athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Laurie-Anne Marquet
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education, Sport and Health, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Eve Tiollier
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bermon
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education, Sport and Health, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
- Institut Monégasque de Médecine et Chirurgie du Sport, Monte Carlo, Monaco
| | - Christophe Hausswirth
- Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Paris, France
| | - Jeanick Brisswalter
- Laboratory of Human Motricity, Education, Sport and Health, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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Vitamin D status and its modulatory effect on interferon gamma and interleukin-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture. Cytokine 2016; 85:5-10. [PMID: 27269178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the influence of vitamin D on the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were investigated. Serum levels of calcium, 25(OH) D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed. PBMCs were activated in-vitro by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence and absence of vitamin D3 and then levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were determined in culture supernatant using enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the vitamin D deficient group while serum PTH levels were significantly higher in the vitamin D deficient group. PTH levels were inversely correlated to both calcium and 25(OH) D levels. In culture, vitamin D inhibited IFN-γ production and increased IL-10 production by PBMCs. Serum vitamin D status had no influence on the amount of cytokine produced in culture. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that vitamin D modulates IFN-γ and IL-10 production and provides a rationale for evaluating vitamin D as an immunomodulatory agent.
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Supplemental vitamin D increases serum cytokines in those with initially low 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Cytokine 2014; 71:132-8. [PMID: 25461390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if vitamin D status before supplementation influences the cytokine response after supplemental vitamin D. Forty-six reportedly healthy adults (mean(SD); age, 32(7) y; body mass index (BMI), 25.3(4.5) kg/m(2); serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 34.8(12.2) ng/mL) were randomly assigned (double blind) to one of three groups: (1) placebo (n=15), or supplemental vitamin D (cholecalciferol) at (2) 4000 (n=14) or (3) 8000IU (n=17). Supplements were taken daily for 35days. Fasting blood samples were obtained before (Baseline, Bsl) and 35-days after (35-d) supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D), cytokines, and intact parathyroid hormone with calcium were measured in each blood sample. Supplemental vitamin D increased serum 25(OH)D (4000IU, ≈29%; 8000IU, ≈57%) and 1,25(OH)D (4000IU, ≈12%; 8000IU, ≈38%) without altering intact parathyroid hormone or calcium. The vitamin D metabolite increases in the supplemental vitamin D groups (n=31) were dependent on initial levels as serum 25(OH)D (r=-0.63, p<0.05) and 1,25(OH)D (r=-0.45, p<0.05) at Bsl correlated with their increases after supplementation. Supplemental vitamin D increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in subjects that were vitamin D insufficient (serum 25(OH)D<29ng/mL) compared to sufficient (serum 25(OH)D⩾30ng/mL) at Bsl. We conclude that supplemental vitamin D increase a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine in those with initially low serum 25(OH)D.
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