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Mohsen G, Soliman SS, Mahgoub EI, Ismail TA, Mansour E, Alwutayd KM, Safhi FA, Abd El-Moneim D, Alshamrani R, Atallah OO, Shehata WF, Hassanin AA. Gamma-rays induced mutations increase soybean oil and protein contents. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16395. [PMID: 38025746 PMCID: PMC10668811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation breeding is one of the effective techniques used for improving desired traits such as yield quality and quantity in economic crops. The present study aims to develop oil and protein contents in addition to high yield attributes in soybean using gamma rays as a mutagen. Seeds of the soybean genotypes Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 82, Giza 83 and 117 were treated with gamma rays doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy. Plants were then scored based on morphological parameters correlated with yield quantity including plant height, seed weight and valuable protein and oil contents. Mutant lines exhibiting the highest yield attributes were selected and used as parents for M2 generation. The M2 progeny was further assessed based on their ability to maintain their yield attributes. Twenty mutant lines were selected and used as M3 lines. The yield parameters inferred a positive effect of gamma irradiation on the collected M3 mutant lines compared to their parental genotypes. 100 Gy of gamma rays gave the highest effect on the number of pods, branches and seeds per plant in addition to protein content, while 200 Gy was more effective in increasing plant height, number of pods per plant, and oil content. Six mutant lines scored the highest yield parameters. Further assessment inferred an inverse relationship between oil and protein content in most of the tested cultivars with high agronomic features. However, four mutant lines recorded high content of oil and protein besides their high seed yield as well, which elect them as potential candidates for large-scale evaluation. The correlation among examined parameters was further confirmed via principal component analysis (PCA), which inferred a positive correlation between the number of pods, branches, seeds, and seed weight. Conversely, oil and protein content were inversely correlated in most of yielded mutant lines. Together, those findings introduce novel soybean lines with favorable agronomic traits for the market. In addition, our research sheds light on the value of using gamma rays treatment in enhancing genetic variability in soybean and improving oil, protein contents and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geehan Mohsen
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I. Mahgoub
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarik A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Rahma Alshamrani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Production Department of, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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Guzmán-Armenteros TM, Ruales J, Cuesta-Plúa C, Bravo J, Sinche M, Vera E, Vera E, Vargas-Jentzsch P, Ciobotă V, Ortega-Ojeda FE, Proaño A, Echeverría A, Ramos-Guerrero L. Raman Spectroscopic and Sensory Evaluation of Cocoa Liquor Prepared with Ecuadorian Cocoa Beans Treated with Gamma Irradiation or Induced Electromagnetic Field Fermentation. Foods 2023; 12:3924. [PMID: 37959042 PMCID: PMC10647436 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocoa liquor is the primary precursor of the worldwide highly appreciated commodity chocolate. Its quality depends on several factors, such as the type of cocoa, the fermentation process, and the control of the contaminants in the fermented beans. This study aims to evaluate whether the induced magnetic field treatment during the fermentation process or the pathogen reduction with gamma irradiation after the fermentation affect the characteristics of the cocoa liquor obtained from Ecuadorian cocoa beans. For this purpose, liquor samples from controls (standard process), from beans treated with an induced magnetic field up to 80 mT, and from beans irradiated with nominal doses up to 3 kGy were characterized through Raman spectroscopic analysis and sensorial evaluation. The most relevant bands of the cocoa liquor were assigned according to reports from the literature, spectroscopic data, and chemometrics. The spectra corresponding to different treatments and doses were visually very similar, but they could be discriminated using OPLS-DA models, where the most intense Raman signals were attributed to the lipid components. The sensorial evaluation rated the presence of floral, fruity, almondy, acid, and bitter flavors, along with astringency and intense aroma, and these attributes exhibited variable behavior depending on the dose of the irradiation or magnetic treatment. Therefore, both treatments may exert an influence on cocoa beans and, therefore, on the cocoa liquor quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania María Guzmán-Armenteros
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador; (T.M.G.-A.); (J.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Jenny Ruales
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador; (T.M.G.-A.); (J.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Cristina Cuesta-Plúa
- Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario (AGROCALIDAD), Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, Tumbaco 170184, Ecuador; (C.C.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Juan Bravo
- Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario (AGROCALIDAD), Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, Tumbaco 170184, Ecuador; (C.C.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marco Sinche
- Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (M.S.); (E.V.); (P.V.-J.)
| | - Edwin Vera
- Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador; (T.M.G.-A.); (J.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Edison Vera
- Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (M.S.); (E.V.); (P.V.-J.)
| | - Paul Vargas-Jentzsch
- Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito 170525, Ecuador; (M.S.); (E.V.); (P.V.-J.)
| | - Valerian Ciobotă
- Rigaku Analytical Devices, Inc., 30 Upton Drive, Suite 2, Wilmington, MA 01887, USA;
| | - Fernando E. Ortega-Ojeda
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Policiales (IUICP), Universidad de Alcalá, Libreros 27, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Proaño
- Programa de Reactivación de Café y Cacao, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, Av. Eloy Alfaro y Av. Amazonas, Quito 170518, Ecuador;
| | - Armando Echeverría
- Facultad de Ciencias Técnicas, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170411, Ecuador;
| | - Luis Ramos-Guerrero
- Grupo de Investigación Bio-Quimioinformática, Carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170503, Ecuador
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Yang F, Li J, Du Y, Liu R, Li W, Yu L. Ionizing Radiation: Effective Physical Agents for Economic Crop Seed Priming and the Underlying Physiological Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315212. [PMID: 36499532 PMCID: PMC9737873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome various factors that limit crop production and to meet the growing demand for food by the increasing world population. Seed priming technology has been proposed, and it is considered to be a promising strategy for agricultural sciences and food technology. This technology helps to curtail the germination time, increase the seed vigor, improve the seedling establishment, and enhance the stress tolerance, all of which are conducive to improving the crop yield. Meanwhile, it can be used to reduce seed infection for better physiological or phytosanitary quality. Compared to conventional methods, such as the use of water or chemical-based agents, X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, proton beams, and heavy ion beams have emerged as promising physics strategies for seed priming as they are time-saving, more effective, environmentally friendly, and there is a greater certainty for yield improvement. Ionizing radiation (IR) has certain biological advantages over other seed priming methods since it generates charged ions while penetrating through the target organisms, and it has enough energy to cause biological effects. However, before the wide utilization of ionizing priming methods in agriculture, extensive research is needed to explore their effects on seed priming and to focus on the underlying mechanism of them. Overall, this review aims to highlight the current understanding of ionizing priming methods and their applicability for promoting agroecological resilience and meeting the challenges of food crises nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 57 George Square, Edinburgh EH89JU, UK
| | - Libin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jingpeng Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lixia Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730099, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (L.Y.)
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Use of Gamma Radiation for the Genetic Improvement of Underutilized Plant Varieties. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091161. [PMID: 35567162 PMCID: PMC9102721 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural biodiversity includes many species that have biological variants (natives, ecotypes, races, morphotypes). Their use is restricted to local areas because they do not fulfill the commercial requirements; however, it is well documented that these species are a source of metabolites, proteins, enzymes, and genes. Rescuing and harnessing them through traditional genetic breeding is time-consuming and expensive. Inducing mutagenesis may be a short-time option for its genetic improvement. A review of outstanding research was carried out, in order to become familiar with gene breeding using gamma radiation and its relevance to obtain outstanding agronomic characteristics for underutilized species. An approach was made to the global panorama of the application of gamma radiation in different conventional crop species and in vitro cultivated species, in order to obtain secondary metabolites, as well as molecular tools used for mutation screening. The varied effects of gamma radiation are essentially the result of the individual responses and phenotypic plasticity of each organism. However, even implicit chance can be reduced with specific genetic breeding, environmental adaptation, or conservation objectives.
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Ziyadi S, Iddar A, Kabine M, El Mzibri M, Moutaouakkil A. Changes in Growth, Morphology, and Physiology of Tetrahymena pyriformis Exposed to Continuous Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 Gamma-Radiation. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:61. [PMID: 34982197 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gamma-radiation on Tetrahymena pyriformis. The experimental approach consists of exposing T. pyriformis growing in presence of Cesium-137 (137Cs) at dose rates of 1, 2, 4, and 6 cGy h-1 and Cobalt-60 (60Co) at dose rates of 8, 10, 15, and 20 cGy h-1. The radiation doses effects on growth, morphology, some metabolic enzymes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers have been evaluated. When cells were growing in irradiating conditions at dose rates beyond 4 cGy h-1, a decreasing of cells and generation numbers with a prolongation of generation time and a change of morphological aspect with rounding-off of cells were observed compared to the control. The 50%-inhibitory dose (ID50) for radiation was estimated at 1568.72 ± 158.45 cGy. The gamma-radiation at dose rates more than 6 cGy h-1, affected both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase by inhibiting their activities. All of these effects were more pronounced when cells were irradiated at the dose rate of 20 cGy h-1 using 60Co source. For ROS markers generated by gamma-radiation in T. pyriformis, the results showed an increase of the lipid peroxidation in cells grown in presence of gamma-radiation at dose rates more than 6 cGy h-1 and an enhancement in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities from the dose rate of 1 cGy h-1. These encouraging results suggested the use of T. pyriformis as a unicellular model cell to investigate other aspects of the response to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Ziyadi
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco.,Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Mâarif, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Iddar
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kabine
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Mâarif, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adnane Moutaouakkil
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco.
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Retracted: Stimulatory Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Phytochemical Properties, Mitotic Behaviour, and Nutritional Composition of Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:3295627. [PMID: 31558886 PMCID: PMC6735212 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3295627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Krishnan V, Gothwal S, Dahuja A, Vinutha T, Singh B, Jolly M, Praveen S, Sachdev A. Enhanced nutraceutical potential of gamma irradiated black soybean extracts. Food Chem 2018; 245:246-253. [PMID: 29287367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiation processing of soybean, varying in seed coat colour, was carried out at dose levels of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 kGy to evaluate their potential anti-proliferative and cytoprotective effects in an in vitro cell culture system. Irradiated and control black (Kalitur) and yellow (DS9712) soybean extracts were characterized in terms of total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins, especially cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). Using an epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B the potential cytoprotective effects of soybean extracts were evaluated in terms of intracellular ROS levels and cell viability. The most relevant scavenging effect was found in Kalitur, with 78% decrease in ROS, which well correlated with a 33% increase in C3G after a 1 kGy dose. Results evidenced a correspondence between in vitro antioxidant activity and a potential health property of black soybean extracts, exemplifying the nutraceutical role of C3G. To our knowledge this study is the first report validating the cytoprotective effects of irradiated black soybean extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Gothwal
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anil Dahuja
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - T Vinutha
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Monica Jolly
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Shelly Praveen
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
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García-Gaytán V, Trejo-Téllez LI, Gómez-Merino FC, García-Morales S, Tejeda-Sartorius O, Ramírez-Martínez M, Delgadillo-Martínez J. Gamma radiation and osmotic potential of the nutrient solution differentially affect macronutrient concentrations, pH and EC in chilhuacle pepper fruits. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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