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Kamal S, Babar S, Ali W, Rehman K, Hussain A, Akash MSH. Sirtuin insights: bridging the gap between cellular processes and therapeutic applications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9. [PMID: 38976046 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The greatest challenges that organisms face today are effective responses or detection of life-threatening environmental changes due to an obvious semblance of stress and metabolic fluctuations. These are associated with different pathological conditions among which cancer is most important. Sirtuins (SIRTs; NAD+-dependent enzymes) are versatile enzymes with diverse substrate preferences, cellular locations, crucial for cellular processes and pathological conditions. This article describes in detail the distinct roles of SIRT isoforms, unveiling their potential as either cancer promoters or suppressors and also explores how both natural and synthetic compounds influence the SIRT function, indicating promise for therapeutic applications. We also discussed the inhibitors/activators tailored to specific SIRTs, holding potential for diseases lacking effective treatments. It may uncover the lesser-studied SIRT isoforms (e.g., SIRT6, SIRT7) and their unique functions. This article also offers a comprehensive overview of SIRTs, linking them to a spectrum of diseases and highlighting their potential for targeted therapies, combination approaches, disease management, and personalized medicine. We aim to contribute to a transformative era in healthcare and innovative treatments by unraveling the intricate functions of SIRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sharon Babar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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Belužić R, Šimunić E, Podgorski II, Pinterić M, Hadžija MP, Balog T, Sobočanec S. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Fundamental Sex-Specific Differences in SIRT3-Mediated Redox and Metabolic Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3868. [PMID: 38612678 PMCID: PMC11012119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirt-3 is an important regulator of mitochondrial function and cellular energy homeostasis, whose function is associated with aging and various pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Many of these conditions show differences in incidence, onset, and progression between the sexes. In search of hormone-independent, sex-specific roles of Sirt-3, we performed mRNA sequencing in male and female Sirt-3 WT and KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific cellular responses to the loss of Sirt-3. By comparing WT and KO MEF of both sexes, the differences in global gene expression patterns as well as in metabolic and stress responses associated with the loss of Sirt-3 have been elucidated. Significant differences in the activities of basal metabolic pathways were found both between genotypes and between sexes. In-depth pathway analysis of metabolic pathways revealed several important sex-specific phenomena. Male cells mount an adaptive Hif-1a response, shifting their metabolism toward glycolysis and energy production from fatty acids. Furthermore, the loss of Sirt-3 in male MEFs leads to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Since Sirt-3 knock-out is permanent, male cells are forced to function in a state of persistent oxidative and metabolic stress. Female MEFs are able to at least partially compensate for the loss of Sirt-3 by a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of neither Hif-1a, mitochondrial stress response, nor oxidative stress response was observed in female cells lacking Sirt-3. These findings emphasize the sex-specific role of Sirt-3, which should be considered in future research.
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3
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Gan L, Li Q, Nie W, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Tan C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li Q, Hou P, Yuan Y, Sun X, Liu D, Sheng W, Liu T, Xu M, Guo W. PROX1-mediated epigenetic silencing of SIRT3 contributes to proliferation and glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:50-65. [PMID: 36594098 PMCID: PMC9760442 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) is a homeobox transcription factor known to promote malignant transformation and stemness in human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological function of PROX1 in metabolic rearrangement in CRC remains unclear. Here, we aimed to uncover the relationship between the expression profile and role of PROX1 and CRC cell glucose metabolism and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. PROX1 expression was significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues and positively associated with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), a measure of tissue 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and an indicator of glycolysis and tumor cell activity, in patients with CRC. Knockdown of PROX1 suppressed CRC cell proliferation and glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, through a physical interaction, PROX1 recruited EZH2 to the SIRT3 promoter and inhibited SIRT3 promoter activity. Moreover, PROX1 or EZH2 knockdown decreased cell glycolysis by targeting SIRT3. Clinically, high PROX1 expression combined with low SIRT3 expression predicted poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Thus, our study suggests that the PROX1-EZH2 complex positively regulates cell proliferation and glucose metabolism by engaging SIRT3 in CRC, which may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Clinical Nutrition, The 452nd Hospital of PLA, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- Department of Surgery, United Health Services Southern California Medical Education Consortium, Temecula Valley Hospital, Temecula, CA 92592, USA
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jieyun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengcong Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yitao Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Weijian Guo, PhD, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. E-mail: ; Midie Xu, PhD, Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. E-mail:
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Weijian Guo, PhD, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. E-mail: ; Midie Xu, PhD, Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. E-mail:
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4
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Liu Y, Chen C, Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Shi Y. An Epigenetic Role of Mitochondria in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162518. [PMID: 36010594 PMCID: PMC9406960 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These metabolites include acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), NAD+, and O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which are the main substrates for DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications, essential for gene transcriptional regulation and cell fate determination. Tumorigenesis is attributed to many factors, including gene mutations and tumor microenvironment. Mitochondria and epigenetics play essential roles in tumor initiation, evolution, metastasis, and recurrence. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics are promising therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarize the roles of mitochondria in key metabolites required for epigenetics modification and in cell fate regulation and discuss the current strategy in cancer therapies via targeting epigenetic modifiers and related enzymes in metabolic regulation. This review is an important contribution to the understanding of the current metabolic-epigenetic-tumorigenesis concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yihong Sun
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.S.)
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5
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Ouyang S, Zhang Q, Lou L, Zhu K, Li Z, Liu P, Zhang X. The Double-Edged Sword of SIRT3 in Cancer and Its Therapeutic Applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871560. [PMID: 35571098 PMCID: PMC9092499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is considered an emerging feature of cancer. Mitochondrial metabolism plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. As a major mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin3 (SIRT3) deacetylates and regulates the enzymes involved in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the respiratory chain to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In this article, we review the multiple roles of SIRT3 in various cancers, and systematically summarize the recent advances in the discovery of its activators and inhibitors. The roles of SIRT3 vary in different cancers and have cell- and tumor-type specificity. SIRT3 plays a unique function by mediating interactions between mitochondria and intracellular signaling. The critical functions of SIRT3 have renewed interest in the development of small molecule modulators that regulate its activity. Delineation of the underlying mechanism of SIRT3 as a critical regulator of cell metabolism and further characterization of the mitochondrial substrates of SIRT3 will deepen our understanding of the role of SIRT3 in tumorigenesis and progression and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer targeting SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ouyang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Lou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ramesh N, Krithika C, Kannan A, Anuradha G, Aniyan Y. Expression of Sirtuin 3 in oral cancer and oral leukoplakia: A cross-sectional observational study. J Int Oral Health 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Zuo Z, He L, Duan X, Peng Z, Han J. Glycyrrhizic acid exhibits strong anticancer activity in colorectal cancer cells via SIRT3 inhibition. Bioengineered 2021; 13:2720-2731. [PMID: 34747319 PMCID: PMC8974138 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) has been described as a colorectal cancer oncogene and to be regulated by glycyrrhizic acid (GA). However, few studies have explored the interaction between GA and SIRT3. Therefore, in the present study, we showed that GA could significantly decrease SIRT3 protein levels in SW620 and HT29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Then, we overexpressed SIRT3 by lentivirus infection on SW620 and HT29 cells. We found that, in vitro, GA treatment significantly decreased cell viability, cell clone number, and invasion and migration number, besides significantly increasing apoptosis. Also, GA treatment significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl2 protein ratio and the expression of Cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and vimentin in SW620 and HT29 cells. Meanwhile, the SIRT3 overexpression could significantly reverse these changes. Moreover, the GA treatment could significantly decrease the weight of xenograft tumor tissues and its SIRT3 protein levels in vivo, while SIRT3 overexpression reversed these effects. Overall, GA inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer cells, and induced their apoptosis by SIRT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkui Zuo
- Department of Proctology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Lulu He
- Department of Proctology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Proctology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zining Peng
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jiarui Han
- Department of Nephropathy, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine
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8
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D’Onofrio N, Martino E, Mele L, Colloca A, Maione M, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Balestrieri ML. Colorectal Cancer Apoptosis Induced by Dietary δ-Valerobetaine Involves PINK1/Parkin Dependent-Mitophagy and SIRT3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158117. [PMID: 34360883 PMCID: PMC8348679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of colorectal cancer progression is crucial in the setting of strategies for its prevention. δ-Valerobetaine (δVB) is an emerging dietary metabolite showing cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cells via autophagy and apoptosis. Here, we aimed to deepen current knowledge on the mechanism of δVB-induced colon cancer cell death by investigating the apoptotic cascade in colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 and SW620 cells and evaluating the molecular players of mitochondrial dysfunction. Results indicated that δVB reduced cell viability in a time-dependent manner, reaching IC50 after 72 h of incubation with δVB 1.5 mM, and caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest with upregulation of cyclin A and cyclin B protein levels. The increased apoptotic cell rate occurred via caspase-3 activation with a concomitant loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and SIRT3 downregulation. Functional studies indicated that δVB activated mitochondrial apoptosis through PINK1/Parkin pathways, as upregulation of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3B protein levels was observed (p < 0.0001). Together, these findings support a critical role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by δVB in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5667513; Fax: +39-081-5665863
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Martina Maione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (D.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (D.C.); (D.C.)
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (MiSE), Via Molise 2, 00187 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
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Ekremoglu O, Koc A. The role of SIRT5 and p53 proteins in the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5485-5495. [PMID: 34279763 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the treatment of colorectal cancer, it is important to develop drug combinations that will increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and to determine the molecular targets of the drugs. Therefore, combined therapies that can increase the sensitivity of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and the molecular pathways involved in this process are important in the treatment of the disease. Here we examined the SIRT5 (Resveratrol and Suramin) and p53 (Nutlin3a) modulators alone or in combination with 5-FU on the proliferation of colon cancer cells and effect of 5-FU on the SIRT5 and FOXO3a protein expressions whether p53 dependent or independent manner. METHODS AND RESULTS: According to our MTT assay results, Resveratrol (RSV), Nutlin3a and Suramin was found to be more effective in HCT-116 p53+/+ cells and these differences were evaluated together with the effect of 5-FU on the SIRT5, FOXO3a and Bim protein expressions in HCT-116 p53 +/+ and HCT-116 p53 -/- cells. SIRT5 is known to deacetylate FOXO3a which plays roles in the induction of apoptosis via Bim protein. Our western blot experiment results showed that while Suramin decreased SIRT5 and RSV decreased FOXO3a protein expressions significantly in HCT-116 p53 -/- cells, 5-FU decreased significantly SIRT5 and FOXO3a protein expressions in a p53 independent manner. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the effect of 5-FU on SIRT5 and FOXO 3a proteins was determined for the first time in HCT-116 p53 +/+ and HCT-116 p53 -/- cells. These results may help the discovery of new markers in colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ekremoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, Do Gol Street, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Koc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ankara, Do Gol Street, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey.
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10
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Wang H, Li J, Huang R, Fang L, Yu S. SIRT4 and SIRT6 Serve as Novel Prognostic Biomarkers With Competitive Functions in Serous Ovarian Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:666630. [PMID: 34335684 PMCID: PMC8320514 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs) that include seven members and are widely expressed in mammals. Accumulating evidence shows that sirtuins may have contradictory roles in various malignancies. They mainly participate in metabolic homeostasis, DNA damage repair, cell survival, and differentiation, as well as other cancer-related biological processes. To better understand their prognostic role and biological functions, we used comprehensive bioinformatic analyses to demonstrate the expression and mutation of sirtuin family member genes in ovarian cancer (OC), with a detailed focus on prognostic prediction, including the effectiveness of anti-OC drugs. Furthermore, the co-expression genes of SIRT4 and SIRT6 with contradictory survival prediction values in both overall and progression-free survival (PFS) times were further analyzed through Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia annotation. Additionally, we performed and obtained the immunohistochemical staining patterns of these two biomarkers from the serous OC patient database and clinical patient samples to demonstrate their potential applicability in clinical pathology. According to our findings, SIRT4 and SIRT6 are novel prognostic biomarkers that may serve as contradictory competitors for OC cell survival. They are also sensitive biomarkers for the prediction of Avastin's anticancer effect. While SIRT4 is related to the immune response during oocyte maturation, SIRT6 participates in immune-related disease pathways and mitochondrial metabolism-mediated DNA translation. These findings contribute to the novel hypothesis that SIRT4 and SIRT6 act as contradictory competitors in the regulation of OC behavior. Further studies are required to validate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihuan Wang
- Department of Computer Science, School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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11
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Cao K, Chen Y, Zhao S, Huang Y, Liu T, Liu H, Li B, Cui J, Cai J, Bai C, Yang Y, Gao F. Sirt3 Promoted DNA Damage Repair and Radioresistance Through ATM-Chk2 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5464-5472. [PMID: 34405009 PMCID: PMC8364660 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiotherapy is an indispensable approach for lung cancer, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high incidence and mortality. However, cellular resistance to ionizing radiation often results in failure in treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Sirt3 in radiotherapy on NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Resected samples from 80 pairs of lung cancer was used to prepare tissue array and Sirt3 was stained with immunochemical method. Cell survival as well as apoptosis assay were used to determine the cellular radiosensitivity. Moreover, DNA damage was evaluated by using γ-H2AX foci. Finally, an in situ lung cancer model to test the radiosensitivity in vivo. Results: Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) was found upregulated in NSCLC cell lines, as well as lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Knockdown of Sirt3 significantly increased radiation-induced cell apoptosis, and increased cell survival efficacy. In contrast, Sirt3 overexpression promoted radioresistance in lung cancer cells. Sirt3 knockdown also aggravated the G2/M cell cycle arrest caused by irradiation. Furthermore, Sirt3 was found to be critical for the activation of ATM-Chk2 pathway upon irradiation. Finally, our in vivo model showed that targeting Sirt3 significantly sensitized lung cancer to radiotherapy. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings identified a significant role of Sirt3 in radioresistanct of NSCLC, which provides novel mechanism as well as target for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Songyun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
- The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health & Management Wenzhou Medical University, P.R China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University; Shanghai, China
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12
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Singh CK, George J, Chhabra G, Nihal M, Chang H, Ahmad N. Genetic Manipulation of Sirtuin 3 Causes Alterations of Key Metabolic Regulators in Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676077. [PMID: 33937086 PMCID: PMC8085490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT3 plays key roles in cellular metabolism and energy production, which makes it an obvious target for the management of cancer, including melanoma. Previously, we have demonstrated that SIRT3 was constitutively upregulated in human melanoma and its inhibition resulted in anti-proliferative effects in vitro in human melanoma cells and in vivo in human melanoma xenografts. In this study, we expanded our data employing knockdown and overexpression strategies in cell culture and mouse xenografts to further validate and establish the pro-proliferative function of SIRT3 in melanocytic cells, and its associated potential mechanisms, especially focusing on the metabolic regulation. We found that short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated SIRT3 knockdown in G361 melanoma cells showed diminished tumorigenesis in immunodeficient Nu/Nu mice. Conversely, SIRT3 overexpressing Hs294T melanoma cells showed increased tumor growth. These effects were consistent with changes in markers of proliferation (PCNA), survival (Survivin) and angiogenesis (VEGF) in xenografted tissues. Further, in in vitro culture system, we determined the effect of SIRT3 knockdown on glucose metabolism in SK-MEL-2 cells, using a PCR array. SIRT3 knockdown caused alterations in a total of 37 genes involved in the regulation and enzymatic pathways of glucose (32 genes) and glycogen (5 genes) metabolism. Functions annotation of these identified genes, using the ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), predicted cumulative actions of decreased cell viability/proliferation, tumor growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased apoptosis in response to SIRT3 knockdown. Further, IPA gene network analysis of SIRT3 modulated genes revealed the interactions among these genes in addition to several melanoma-associated genes. Sirtuin pathway was identified as one of the top canonical pathways showing the interaction of SIRT3 with metabolic regulatory genes along with other sirtuins. IPA analysis also predicted the inhibition of HIF1α, PKM, KDM8, PPARGC1A, mTOR, and activation of P53 and CLPP; the genes involved in major cancer/melanoma-associated signaling events. Collectively, these results suggest that SIRT3 inhibition affects cellular metabolism, to impart an anti-proliferative response against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jasmine George
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Minakshi Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI, United States
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13
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Brockmueller A, Sameri S, Liskova A, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol's Anti-Cancer Effects through the Modulation of Tumor Glucose Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020188. [PMID: 33430318 PMCID: PMC7825813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention and treatment of cancer is an ongoing medical challenge. In the context of personalized medicine, the well-studied polyphenol resveratrol could complement classical tumor therapy. It may affect key processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis in various cancers because resveratrol acts as a multi-targeting agent by modulating multiple signal transduction pathways. This review article focuses on resveratrol’s ability to modify tumor glucose metabolism and its associated therapeutic capacity. Resveratrol reduces glucose uptake and glycolysis by affecting Glut1, PFK1, HIF-1α, ROS, PDH, and the CamKKB/AMPK pathway. It also inhibits cell growth, invasion, and proliferation by targeting NF-kB, Sirt1, Sirt3, LDH, PI-3K, mTOR, PKM2, R5P, G6PD, TKT, talin, and PGAM. In addition, resveratrol induces apoptosis by targeting integrin, p53, LDH, and FAK. In conclusion, resveratrol has many potentials to intervene in tumor processes if bioavailability can be increased and this natural compound can be used selectively. Abstract Tumor cells develop several metabolic reprogramming strategies, such as increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis and fermentation of glucose to lactate; these lead to a low pH environment in which the cancer cells thrive and evade apoptosis. These characteristics of tumor cells are known as the Warburg effect. Adaptive metabolic alterations in cancer cells can be attributed to mutations in key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. The features of the Warburg phenotype may serve as promising markers for the early detection and treatment of tumors. Besides, the glycolytic process of tumors is reversible and could represent a therapeutic target. So-called mono-target therapies are often unsafe and ineffective, and have a high prevalence of recurrence. Their success is hindered by the ability of tumor cells to simultaneously develop multiple chemoresistance pathways. Therefore, agents that modify several cellular targets, such as energy restriction to target tumor cells specifically, have therapeutic potential. Resveratrol, a natural active polyphenol found in grapes and red wine and used in many traditional medicines, is known for its ability to target multiple components of signaling pathways in tumors, leading to the suppression of cell proliferation, activation of apoptosis, and regression in tumor growth. Here, we describe current knowledge on the various mechanisms by which resveratrol modulates glucose metabolism, its potential as an imitator of caloric restriction, and its therapeutic capacity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Saba Sameri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-892-1807-2624; Fax: +49-892-1807-2625
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14
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Paku M, Haraguchi N, Takeda M, Fujino S, Ogino T, Takahashi H, Miyoshi N, Uemura M, Mizushima T, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Eguchi H. SIRT3-Mediated SOD2 and PGC-1α Contribute to Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:4720-4732. [PMID: 33393034 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticancer drugs generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause cell death. Cancer cells can resist this oxidative stress, but the mechanism of resistance and associations with chemoresistance are unclear. Here, we focused on Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a deacetylating mitochondrial enzyme, in oxidative stress resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS To evaluate SIRT3-related changes in mitochondrial function, ROS (mtROS) induction, and apoptosis, we used the human CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116 transfected with short-hairpin RNA targeting SIRT3 and small interfering RNAs targeting superoxide dismutase 2 mitochondrial (SOD2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α). In 142 clinical specimens from patients with CRC, we also assessed the association of SIRT3 protein levels (high/low) and prognosis. RESULTS SIRT3 expression correlated with mtROS generation and apoptosis induction in cells treated with anticancer agents. Suppressing SIRT3 increased mtROS levels and cell sensitivity to anticancer agents. SIRT3 knockdown decreased SOD2 expression and activity, and suppressing SOD2 also improved sensitivity to anticancer drugs. In addition, SIRT3 was recruited with PGC-1α under oxidative stress, and suppressing SIRT3 decreased PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial function. PGC-1α knockdown decreased mitochondrial activity and increased apoptosis in cells treated with anticancer drugs. In resected CRC specimens, high vs low SIRT3 protein levels were associated with significantly reduced cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS SIRT3 expression affected CRC cell chemoresistance through SOD2 and PGC-1α regulation and was an independent prognostic factor in CRC. SIRT3 may be a novel target for CRC therapies and a predictive marker of sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Paku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mitsunobu Takeda
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiki Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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16
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George J, Nihal M, Singh CK, Ahmad N. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol, a dual Sirtuin-1 and Sirtuin-3 inhibitor, inhibits melanoma cell growth through mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1876-1885. [PMID: 31292999 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 and -3 (SIRT1 and SIRT3) are important nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ )-dependent deacetylases known to regulate a variety of cellular functions. Studies have shown that SIRT1 and SIRT3 were overexpressed in human melanoma cells and tissues and their inhibition resulted in a significant antiproliferative response in human melanoma cells and antitumor response in a mouse xenograft model of melanoma. In this study, we determined the antiproliferative efficacy of a newly identified dual small molecule inhibitor of SIRT1 and SIRT3, 4'-bromo-resveratrol (4'-BR), in human melanoma cell lines (G361, SK-MEL-28, and SK-MEL-2). Our data demonstrate that 4'-BR treatment of melanoma cells resulted in (a) decrease in proliferation and clonogenic survival; (b) induction of apoptosis accompanied by a decrease in procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and increase in the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP); (c) marked downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); and (d) inhibition of melanoma cell migration. Further, 4'-BR caused a G0/G1 phase arrest of melanoma cells that was accompanied by an increase in WAF-1/P21 and decrease in Cyclin D1/Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 protein levels. Furthermore, we found that 4'-BR causes a decrease in lactate production, glucose uptake, and NAD+ /NADH ratio. These responses were accompanied by downregulation in lactate dehydrogenase A and glucose transporter 1 in melanoma cells. Collectively, our data suggest that dual inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3 using 4'-BR imparted antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells through a metabolic reprogramming and affecting the cell cycle and apoptosis signaling. Therefore, concomitant pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3 needs further investigation for melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Minakshi Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Research, William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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17
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Torrens-Mas M, Hernández-López R, Pons DG, Roca P, Oliver J, Sastre-Serra J. Sirtuin 3 silencing impairs mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism in colon cancer cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C398-C404. [PMID: 31188638 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00112.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is the main mitochondrial deacetylase and targets several crucial enzymes against oxidative stress. Recent reports suggest that SIRT3 could also participate in the quality and quantity control of mitochondria. The aim of this study was to analyze whether SIRT3 silencing in colon cancer cells could affect mitochondrial biogenesis and impair mitochondrial function. For this purpose, metastatic colon cancer cell line SW620 was transfected with a specific shRNA against SIRT3 to obtain a stable knockdown. Gene expression and protein levels of several proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Mitochondrial function was studied by analyzing COX, ATPase, and LDH enzymatic activities, oxygen consumption, superoxide levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Confocal images were also taken to study mitochondrial morphology, and cell motility and clonogenicity were also studied. SIRT3 silencing resulted in a reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as evidenced by the decrease in proteins such as PGC-1α and mitochondrial transcription factor A and lower levels of OXPHOS complexes. Furthermore, COX activity and oxygen consumption were also diminished after SIRT3 knockdown. Finally, SIRT3-silenced cells showed mitochondrial aggregation compared with control cells as well as reduced motility and colony formation ability. In conclusion, SIRT3 silencing in SW620 cancer cells leads to decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately affecting cell viability and could be a therapeutic strategy to render cells more sensitive to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Reyniel Hernández-López
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Daniel-Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Carafa V, Altucci L, Nebbioso A. Dual Tumor Suppressor and Tumor Promoter Action of Sirtuins in Determining Malignant Phenotype. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:38. [PMID: 30761005 PMCID: PMC6363704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs), class III histone deacetylases, are differentially expressed in several human cancers, where they display both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties depending on cellular context and experimental conditions. SIRTs are involved in many important biological processes and play a critical role in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. A growing body of evidence indicates the involvement of SIRTs in regulating three important tumor processes: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. Many SIRTs are responsible for cellular metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance by inactivating cell death pathways and promoting uncontrolled proliferation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of SIRTs in cancer and discuss their puzzling dual function as tumor suppressors and tumor promoters, important for the future development of novel tailored SIRT-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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19
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Luo K, Huang W, Tang S. Sirt3 enhances glioma cell viability by stabilizing Ku70-BAX interaction. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7559-7567. [PMID: 30464504 PMCID: PMC6214584 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most prevalent malignancies, glioma is characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Glioma patients may show completely distinct clinical outcomes due to their different molecular patterns. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) participates in aging, stress resistance, and metabolic regulation. Here we aimed to test the expression and function of Sirt3 in glioma. Methods We enrolled 114 patients and tested the protein level of Sirt3 in their glioma tissues. The correlation between prognosis and Sirt3 was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. We also conducted cellular experiments in U87 and U251 glioma cells, including overexpression and knockdown assays. Results Sirt3 expression was lower in glioma tissues than normal brain tissues. Higher Sirt3 is significantly correlated to advanced tumor grade (P=0.004), showing its potential role in cancer progression. Consistently, univariate and multivariate analyses identified Sirt3 as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.017). Patients with higher Sirt3 expression showed significantly shorter overall survival time. Moreover, overexpression of Sirt3 in either cell line enhanced cell viability, while silencing Sirt3 attenuated cell growth. Molecular assays showed Sirt3 can deacetylate Ku70 protein, therefore stabilizing the Ku70-BAX interaction. Since Ku70 can help prevent BAX transporting into mitochondria and decrease cell apoptosis, Sirt3 protein may play roles in maintaining cell viability. In addition, silencing Ku70 inhibited the pro-proliferative effect by Sirt3. Conclusion Taken together, our results not only identified the prognostic role of Sirt3 in glioma patients but also provided signaling pathway evidence for its functioning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China,
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China,
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China,
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20
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Zhou Y, Cheng S, Chen S, Zhao Y. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of SIRT3 expression in various cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2157-2167. [PMID: 29713184 PMCID: PMC5907887 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have explored the prognostic value of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in various cancers, but obtained inconsistent results. The current systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between SIRT3 expression and prognosis in various cancers. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were comprehensively retrieved by the end of September 29, 2017. All the relevant studies were checked and included in the meta-analysis if they met the inclusion criteria. Results A total of 17 studies involving 2,865 patients were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that SIRT3 expression was not significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR]=0.87, 95% CI=0.59–1.29, P=0.50) and disease-free survival (HR=0.87, 95% CI=0.57–1.31, P=0.50) in total various cancers. However, significant relationship between SIRT3 expression and OS in specific cancers was detected, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (HR=0.48, 95% CI=0.26–0.89, P=0.019), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR=0.56, 95% CI=0.42–0.74, P<0.001), pancreatic carcinoma (PC) (HR=0.55, 95% CI=0.30–1.00, P=0.049), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (HR=0.13, 95% CI=0.02–0.98, P=0.048), breast cancer (BC) (HR=2.53, 95% CI=1.83–3.67, P<0.001), colon cancer (CC) (HR=1.87, 95% CI=1.12–3.26, P=0.022) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR=2.20, 95% CI=1.38–3.50, P=0.001). Moreover, SIRT3 expression was obviously associated with tumor size (odds ratio [OR]=1.41, 95% CI=1.02–1.94, P=0.04), tumor differentiation (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.08–2.16, P=0.02) and clinical stage (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.23–3.46, P=0.01) in HCC. Conclusion SIRT3 was distinctly related to the OS in specific cancers. SIRT3 was an unfavorable prognostic factor in BC, CC and NSCLC; however, it was also a favorable prognostic factor in CLL, HCC, PC and RCC, especially in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijin Cheng
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sinuo Chen
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Crosstalk between gut microbiota and Sirtuin-3 in colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 29650970 PMCID: PMC5938040 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-017-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease involving a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) is expressed at a low level in cancer tissues of CRC, but it is unclear how Sirt3 modulates colonic tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that gut microbiota play a central role in the resistance to CRC tumor formation in wild-type (WT) mice through APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli)-mutant mouse microbiota transfer via Wnt signaling. We also found that Sirt3-deficient mice were hypersusceptible to colonic inflammation and tumor development through altered intestinal integrity and p38 signaling, respectively. Furthermore, susceptibility to colorectal tumorigenesis was aggravated by initial commensal microbiota deletion via Wnt signaling. Mice with Sirt3-deficient microbiota transfer followed by chemically induced colon tumorigenesis had low Sirt3 expression compared to WT control microbiome transfer, mainly due to a decrease in Escherichia/Shigella, as well as an increase in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus taiwanensis. Collectively, our data revealed that Sirt3 is an anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressing gene that interacts with the gut microbiota during colon tumorigenesis. Boosting specific beneficial bacteria in the gut may enhance expression levels of a tumor-suppressing gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). Both genetic factors and the bacteria present in the gut play vital roles in CRC development. However, it is unclear exactly how genes interact with the bacteria to affect tumor growth. Man-tian Mi and co-workers at the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China, examined the role of a gene called Sirt-3 in CRC development. Mice lacking the Sirt-3 gene suffered severe chronic inflammation and developed tumors due to altered signalling pathways and reduced intestinal integrity. Further, the guts of the mice harboured more pathogenic bacteria than wild-type mice. The team also found lower levels of two key types of beneficial bacteria that would ordinarily prevent reduced Sirt-3 expression.
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Han C, Xing G, Zhang M, Zhong M, Han Z, He C, Liu X. Wogonoside inhibits cell growth and induces mitochondrial-mediated autophagy-related apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541215 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wogonoside, the main effective constituent of traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria, belongs to the glucuronide family, with various functions, including detoxification, anti-inflammation and nourishing gallbladder, lowering blood pressure, diuresis and anti-allergic reactions. However, the effects of wogonoside on human colon cancer cells remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of wogonoside on human colon cancer cells in vitro and its anticancer mechanisms. The results demonstrated that wogonoside significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and mitochondrial-mediated autophagy of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the results revealed that wogonoside significantly increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels, induced apoptosis regulator Bax/Bcl-2 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 protein expression, suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway and induced p62 protein expression in colon cancer cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that wogonoside inhibits cell growth and induces mitochondrial mediated autophagy-related apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzheng Han
- Clinic of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Xing
- School of Management, Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Chiyi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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The Expression and Related Clinical Significance of SIRT3 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:8241953. [PMID: 28947845 PMCID: PMC5602652 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8241953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) expression and the clinical indicators/prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The mRNA level of SIRT3 was detected by real-time PCR, while the protein level was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The expression of SIRT3 was significantly higher in NSCLC tissue than in adjacent tissue. The SIRT3 level was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage of NSCLC patients. Moreover, univariate analysis showed that the expression of SIRT3, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, and clinical stage were correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasis, the tumor size, and SIRT3 expression were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS SIRT3 is associated with the development and progression of NSCLC. The SIRT3 expression can be used as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients and help identify prognosis of NSCLC. Therefore, SIRT3 has the potential to become a new factor for prognosis prediction and personalized treatment of NSCLC.
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De Matteis S, Granato AM, Napolitano R, Molinari C, Valgiusti M, Santini D, Foschi FG, Ercolani G, Vespasiani Gentilucci U, Faloppi L, Scartozzi M, Frassineti GL, Casadei Gardini A. Interplay Between SIRT-3, Metabolism and Its Tumor Suppressor Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1872-1880. [PMID: 28527050 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT), first described as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent type III histone deacetylases, are produced by cells to support in the defense against chronic stress conditions such as metabolic syndromes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. SIRT-3 is one of the most studied members of the mitochondrial sirtuins family. In particular, its involvement in metabolic diseases and its dual role in cancer have been described. In the present review, based on the evidence of SIRT-3 involvement in metabolic dysfunctions, we aimed to provide an insight into the multifaceted role of SIRT-3 in many solid and hematological tumors with a particular focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SIRT-3 regulatory effect and involvement in metabolism dysfunctions may have strong implications in HCC development and treatment. Research literature widely reports the relationship between metabolic disorders and HCC development. This evidence suggests a putative bridge role of SIRT-3 between metabolic diseases and HCC. However, further studies are necessary to demonstrate such interconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena De Matteis
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Granato
- Immunotherapy and Cell Therapy Unit, IRST IRCCS, Via Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Molinari
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Valgiusti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRST IRCCS, Via Maroncelli, 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Àlvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Ercolani
- Department of General Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini, 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Umberto Vespasiani Gentilucci
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Àlvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Faloppi
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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SIRT3: Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070090. [PMID: 28704962 PMCID: PMC5532626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the major deacetylase in mitochondria, plays a crucial role in modulating oxygen reactive species (ROS) and limiting the oxidative damage in cellular components. SIRT3 targets different enzymes which regulate mitochondrial metabolism and participate in ROS detoxification, such as the complexes of the respiratory chain, the isocitrate dehydrogenase, or the manganese superoxide dismutase. Thus, SIRT3 activity is essential in maintaining mitochondria homeostasis and has recently received great attention, as it is considered a fidelity protein for mitochondrial function. In some types of cancer, SIRT3 functions as a tumoral promoter, since it keeps ROS levels under a certain threshold compatible with cell viability and proliferation. On the contrary, other studies describe SIRT3 as a tumoral suppressor, as SIRT3 could trigger cell death under stress conditions. Thus, SIRT3 could have a dual role in cancer. In this regard, modulation of SIRT3 activity could be a new target to develop more personalized therapies against cancer.
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26
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Xun C, Mamat M, Guo H, Mamati P, Sheng J, Zhang J, Xu T, Liang W, Cao R, Sheng W. Tocotrienol alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of spinal cord injury via suppression of transforming growth factor-β. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:431-438. [PMID: 28672950 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years accumulating evidence has indicated that tocotrienol exhibits an oxidation resistance function, decreased cholesterol function, inhibits cancer function and has unique physiological functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties. The present study investigated the effect of tocotrienols on spinal cord injury (SCI) by evaluating oxidative stress, inflammation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rats. A rat model of SCI was induced by operation. SCI rats were treated with 120 mg/kg/day tocotrienol once a day for eight consecutive weeks. Functional recovery following SCI was measured by using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. Then the volume of spinal cord contusions was measured following induction of SCI in the rats. In SCI rats, serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, nuclear factor-κB p65 unit, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels were analyzed using respective commercial immunoassay kits. Firstly, iNOS, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, collagen type IV and fibronectin protein expression levels, in addition to iNOS activity and plasma nitric oxide (NO) production in SCI rats was analyzed using western blot analysis, commercial kits and Griess reagent, respectively. Tocotrienol treatment elevated BBB scores and contused volume in the SCI rats. Tocotrienol protected against SCI with reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, and inhibited iNOS protein expression iNOS activity and plasma NO production in rats. In addition, treatment with tocotrienols suppressed TGF-β, collagen type IV and fibronectin protein expression levels in SCI rats. These results suggest that tocotrienols protect SCI, and suppress oxidative stress, inflammation and iNOS in this model of SCI through TGF-β, collagen type IV and fibronectin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Xun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Mardan Mamat
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Pulat Mamati
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Guo H, Gao L, Chen P, Feng D, Qi R, Li X, Chang Y, Chu FF, Gao Q. Expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1β is downregulated in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1109-1118. [PMID: 28454221 PMCID: PMC5403352 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum stress inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1α/X-box binding protein (XBP) 1 signaling pathway is involved in the tumorigenesis of breast and prostate cancer. Mucin 2 (MUC2) protects colon tissues from the formation of tumors. In human colorectal cancer (CRC) the role of IRE1α, and its analogue, IRE1β, has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression levels of IRE1α, IRE1β, un-spliced XBP1u, spliced XBP1s and MUC2 in surgically resected cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues from patients with CRC were investigated. The IRE1α, IRE1β, XBP1u, XBP1s and MUC2 mRNA expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression levels were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The association between the expression levels of IRE1α, IRE1β and MUC2 and the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC was subsequently analyzed. The mRNA expression levels of IRE1β and MUC2 were decreased by ~2.1 and ~4.5-fold in CRC tissues, respectively, as compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The protein expression levels of IRE1β and MUC2 were decreased by ~8.0 and ~2.0-fold in the CRC tissues, respectively. IRE1β mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with MUC2 mRNA expression levels. IRE1β expression levels were revealed to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and histological differentiation. However, IRE1α, XBP1u and XBP1s mRNA and IRE1α protein expression levels were not observed to significantly differ between cancerous tissues and the adjacent normal tissues. The results indicated that the expression of IRE1β, but not IRE1α, may protect colon tissue from developing CRC by inducing MUC2 expression. Therefore, decreased IRE1β expression levels may be associated with the development of CRC through the inhibition of MUC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Ran Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, P.R. China
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Gertz M, Steegborn C. Using mitochondrial sirtuins as drug targets: disease implications and available compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2871-96. [PMID: 27007507 PMCID: PMC11108305 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are an evolutionary conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases. Mammals have seven Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7. They contribute to regulation of metabolism, stress responses, and aging processes, and are considered therapeutic targets for metabolic and aging-related diseases. While initial studies were focused on Sirt1 and 2, recent progress on the mitochondrial Sirtuins Sirt3, 4, and 5 has stimulated research and drug development for these isoforms. Here we review the roles of Sirtuins in regulating mitochondrial functions, with a focus on the mitochondrially located isoforms, and on their contributions to disease pathologies. We further summarize the compounds available for modulating the activity of these Sirtuins, again with a focus on mitochondrial isoforms, and we describe recent results important for the further improvement of compounds. This overview illustrates the potential of mitochondrial Sirtuins as drug targets and summarizes the status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gertz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayer Pharma AG, Apratherweg 18a, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Srivastava S. Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD(+) metabolism in mitochondrial and age-related disorders. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:25. [PMID: 27465020 PMCID: PMC4963347 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolic cofactor in eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in regulating cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. NAD+ in its reduced form (i.e. NADH) serves as the primary electron donor in mitochondrial respiratory chain, which involves adenosine triphosphate production by oxidative phosphorylation. The NAD+/NADH ratio also regulates the activity of various metabolic pathway enzymes such as those involved in glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Intracellular NAD+ is synthesized de novo from l-tryptophan, although its main source of synthesis is through salvage pathways from dietary niacin as precursors. NAD+ is utilized by various proteins including sirtuins, poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) and cyclic ADP-ribose synthases. The NAD+ pool is thus set by a critical balance between NAD+ biosynthetic and NAD+ consuming pathways. Raising cellular NAD+ content by inducing its biosynthesis or inhibiting the activity of PARP and cADP-ribose synthases via genetic or pharmacological means lead to sirtuins activation. Sirtuins modulate distinct metabolic, energetic and stress response pathways, and through their activation, NAD+ directly links the cellular redox state with signaling and transcriptional events. NAD+ levels decline with mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced NAD+/NADH ratio is implicated in mitochondrial disorders, various age-related pathologies as well as during aging. Here, I will provide an overview of the current knowledge on NAD+ metabolism including its biosynthesis, utilization, compartmentalization and role in the regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. I will further discuss how augmenting intracellular NAD+ content increases oxidative metabolism to prevent bioenergetic and functional decline in multiple models of mitochondrial diseases and age-related disorders, and how this knowledge could be translated to the clinic for human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Srivastava
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
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George J, Ahmad N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Cancer: Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Potential. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2500-6. [PMID: 27197261 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a furious attention of scientific community toward identifying novel molecular factors and targets that could be exploited for drug development for cancer management. One such factor is the sirtuin (SIRT) family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent deacetylases. The role of SIRTs in cancer is extremely complex, with dichotomous functions depending on cell contexts. Mammalian SIRTs (SIRT1-7) differ in their cellular localization and biologic functions. Among these, SIRT -3, -4, and -5 are located in the mitochondria and are being carefully investigated. These mitochondrial SIRTs (mtSIRT) regulate multiple cellular and physiologic processes, including cell cycle, gene expression, cell viability, stress response, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Recent research suggests that mtSIRTs influence tumors by regulating the metabolic state of the cell. Although the research on the role of mtSIRTs in cancer is still in its infancy, studies have suggested tumor suppressor as well as tumor promoter roles for them. This review is focused on discussing up-to-date information about the roles and functional relevance of mtSIRTs (SIRT -3, -4, -5) in cancers. We have also provided a critical discussion and our perspective on their dual roles, as tumor promoter versus tumor suppressor, in cancer. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2500-6. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Alhazzazi TY, Kamarajan P, Xu Y, Ai T, Chen L, Verdin E, Kapila YL. A Novel Sirtuin-3 Inhibitor, LC-0296, Inhibits Cell Survival and Proliferation, and Promotes Apoptosis of Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:49-60. [PMID: 26722027 PMCID: PMC5417072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stands at approximately 50% and this has not improved in decades. This study developed a novel sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) inhibitor (LC-0296) and examined its role in altering HNSCC tumorigenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of the SIRT3 inhibitor, LC-0296, on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species levels in HNSCC cells were studied. RESULTS LC-0296 reduces cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis of HNSCC cells but not of normal human oral keratinocytes. This inhibitory effect is mediated, in part, via modulation of reactive oxygen species levels. Additionally, LC-0296 works synergistically to increase the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to radiation and cisplatin treatment. CONCLUSION Development of novel SIRT3 inhibitors, such as LC-0296, might enable the development of new targeted therapies to treat and improve the survival rate of patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Y Alhazzazi
- Department of Oral Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Yanli Xu
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Teng Ai
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A.
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32
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Yu FY, Xu Q, Wu DD, Lau ATY, Xu YM. The Prognostic and Clinicopathological Roles of Sirtuin-3 in Various Cancers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159801. [PMID: 27483432 PMCID: PMC4970700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is a major mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase and plays a key role in the progression and development of human cancers. Although the prognostic and clinicopathological features of SIRT3 expression in various cancers have been investigated by different research groups, however, inconsistent and opposing results can be observed. In this study, we therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the significance of SIRT3 expression in various cancers. Systematic literature searching was performed in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data up to November 2015. Total effect analyses and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between SIRT3 expression and overall survival, cancer/non-cancer tissues, lymph node metastasis, pathological differentiation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor size, and gender, in various cancer patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to clarify the risk or hazard association. A total of 14 studies comprising 2165 cancer patients were included to assess the association between SIRT3 immunohistochemical expression and overall survival or clinicopathological characteristics. SIRT3 expression was significantly associated with overall survival in gastric cancer (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43-0.89, P = 0.009) and hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.42-0.74, P<0.0001), cancer/non-cancer tissues in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (OR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01-0.16, P<0.0001), lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.49-3.26, P<0.0001), and also pathological differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-0.98, P = 0.04) and gastric cancer patients (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.21-0.50, P<0.00001), by subgroup analyses. Furthermore, SIRT3 expression was significantly associated with pathological differentiation in total effect analysis (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29-0.74, P = 0.001). No detectable relation between SIRT3 expression and other clinicopathological parameters were found. This meta-analysis indicates that SIRT3 expression level is associated with prognostic and clinical features in specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yuan Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P. R. China
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YMX); (ATYL)
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YMX); (ATYL)
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George J, Nihal M, Singh CK, Zhong W, Liu X, Ahmad N. Pro-Proliferative Function of Mitochondrial Sirtuin Deacetylase SIRT3 in Human Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:809-818. [PMID: 26743598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is often fatal if not treated early. Therefore, novel target-based strategies are required to combat this neoplasm. The objective of this study was to determine the role and functional significance of the mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in melanoma. We found that compared with normal primary and immortalized human melanocytes, SIRT3 is significantly overexpressed in multiple human melanoma cells at mRNA and protein levels. Further, employing human tissue microarray, we found that SIRT3 is significantly upregulated in clinical melanoma tissues, compared with melanocytic nevi tissues. Furthermore, a short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT3 in human melanoma cells resulted in (i) a decrease in cellular proliferation, colony formation, and cellular migration; (ii) induction of senescence as shown by an increase in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity and formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci as well as an increase in mRNA and protein levels of p16(INK4a) and p21(Waf1); (iii) G1-phase arrest of the cell cycle; and (iv) decreases in mRNA and protein levels of cyclins (D1, E1) and cyclin-dependent kinases (2, 4, and 6). Conversely, forced exogenous overexpression of SIRT3 promoted an increase in proliferative potential of Hs294T melanoma cells and normal immortalized Mel-ST melanocytes. Finally, we found that SIRT3 knockdown significantly inhibited tumorigenesis in a xenograft model in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the pro-proliferative function of SIRT3 in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine George
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Minakshi Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Yu W, Denu RA, Krautkramer KA, Grindle KM, Yang DT, Asimakopoulos F, Hematti P, Denu JM. Loss of SIRT3 Provides Growth Advantage for B Cell Malignancies. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3268-79. [PMID: 26631723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell malignancies comprise a diverse group of cancers that proliferate in lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood. SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) is the major deacetylase within the mitochondrial matrix that promotes aerobic metabolism and controls reactive oxygen species (ROS) by deacetylating and activating isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). There is controversy as to whether SIRT3 acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, and here we investigated its role in B cell malignancies. In mantle cell lymphoma patient samples, we found that lower SIRT3 protein expression was associated with worse overall survival. Further, SIRT3 protein expression was reduced in chronic lymphocytic leukemia primary samples and malignant B cell lines compared to primary B cells from healthy donors. This lower level of expression correlated with hyperacetylation of IDH2 and SOD2 mitochondrial proteins, lowered enzymatic activities, and higher ROS levels. Overexpression of SIRT3 decreased proliferation and diminished the Warburg-like phenotype in SIRT3-deficient cell lines, and this effect is largely dependent on deacetylation of IDH2 and SOD2. Lastly, depletion of SIRT3 from malignant B cell lines resulted in greater susceptibility to treatment with an ROS scavenger but did not result in greater sensitivity to inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway, suggesting that loss of SIRT3 increases proliferation via ROS-dependent but hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-independent mechanisms. Our study suggests that SIRT3 acts as a tumor suppressor in B cell malignancies, and activating the SIRT3 pathway might represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- From the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
| | - Ryan A Denu
- the Medical Scientist Training Program, and the Departments of Medicine and
| | - Kimberly A Krautkramer
- From the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, the Medical Scientist Training Program, and
| | | | - David T Yang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 and
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- the Departments of Medicine and the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Peiman Hematti
- the Departments of Medicine and the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - John M Denu
- From the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
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