1
|
Wang X, Li K, Yuan Y, Zhang N, Zou Z, Wang Y, Yan S, Li X, Zhao P, Li Q. Nonlinear Elasticity of Blood Vessels and Vascular Grafts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3631-3654. [PMID: 38815169 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The transplantation of vascular grafts has emerged as a prevailing approach to address vascular disorders. However, the development of small-diameter vascular grafts is still in progress, as they serve in a more complicated mechanical environment than their counterparts with larger diameters. The biocompatibility and functional characteristics of small-diameter vascular grafts have been well developed; however, mismatch in mechanical properties between the vascular grafts and native arteries has not been accomplished, which might facilitate the long-term patency of small-diameter vascular grafts. From a point of view in mechanics, mimicking the nonlinear elastic mechanical behavior exhibited by natural blood vessels might be the state-of-the-art in designing vascular grafts. This review centers on elucidating the nonlinear elastic behavior of natural blood vessels and vascular grafts. The biological functionality and limitations associated with as-reported vascular grafts are meticulously reviewed and the future trajectory for fabricating biomimetic small-diameter grafts is discussed. This review might provide a different insight from the traditional design and fabrication of artificial vascular grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zifan Zou
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shujie Yan
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Federici AS, Tornifoglio B, Lally C, Garcia O, Kelly DJ, Hoey DA. Melt electrowritten scaffold architectures to mimic tissue mechanics and guide neo-tissue orientation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106292. [PMID: 38109813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
All human tissues present with unique mechanical properties critical to their function. This is achieved in part through the specific architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) fibres within each tissue. An example of this is seen in the walls of the vasculature where each layer presents with a unique ECM orientation critical to its functions. Current adopted vascular grafts to bypass a stenosed/damaged vessel fail to recapitulate this unique mechanical behaviour, particularly in the case of small diameter vessels (<6 mm), leading to failure. Therefore, in this study, melt-electrowriting (MEW) was adopted to produce a range of fibrous scaffolds to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of the tunica media of the vasculature, in an attempt to match the mechanical and biological behaviour of the native porcine tissue. Initially, the range of collagen architectures within the native vessel was determined, and subsequently replicated using MEW (winding angles (WA) 45°, 26.5°, 18.4°, 11.3°). These scaffolds recapitulated the anisotropic, non-linear mechanical behaviour of native carotid blood vessels. Moreover, these grafts facilitated human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) infiltration, differentiation, and ECM deposition that was independent of WA. The bioinspired MEW fibre architecture promoted cell alignment and preferential neo-tissue orientation in a manner similar to that seen in native tissue, particularly for WA 18.4° and 11.3°, which is a mandatory requirement for long-term survival of the regenerated tissue post-scaffold degradation. Lastly, the WA 18.4° was translated to a tubular graft and was shown to mirror the mechanical behaviour of small diameter vessels within physiological strain. Taken together, this study demonstrates the capacity to use MEW to fabricate bioinspired scaffolds to mimic the tunica media of vessels and recapitulate vascular mechanics which could act as a framework for small diameter graft development to guide tissue regeneration and orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica S Federici
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Ireland
| | - Brooke Tornifoglio
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitríona Lally
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Ireland
| | - Orquidea Garcia
- Johnson & Johnson 3D Printing Innovation & Customer Solutions, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; AMBER, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pien N, Di Francesco D, Copes F, Bartolf-Kopp M, Chausse V, Meeremans M, Pegueroles M, Jüngst T, De Schauwer C, Boccafoschi F, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Mantovani D. Polymeric reinforcements for cellularized collagen-based vascular wall models: influence of the scaffold architecture on the mechanical and biological properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1285565. [PMID: 38053846 PMCID: PMC10694796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1285565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously developed cellularized collagen-based vascular wall model showed promising results in mimicking the biological properties of a native vessel but lacked appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, we aim to improve this collagen-based model by reinforcing it using a tubular polymeric (reinforcement) scaffold. The polymeric reinforcements were fabricated exploiting commercial poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a polymer already used to fabricate other FDA-approved and commercially available devices serving medical applications, through 1) solution electrospinning (SES), 2) 3D printing (3DP) and 3) melt electrowriting (MEW). The non-reinforced cellularized collagen-based model was used as a reference (COL). The effect of the scaffold's architecture on the resulting mechanical and biological properties of the reinforced collagen-based model were evaluated. SEM imaging showed the differences in scaffolds' architecture (fiber alignment, fiber diameter and pore size) at both the micro- and the macrolevel. The polymeric scaffold led to significantly improved mechanical properties for the reinforced collagen-based model (initial elastic moduli of 382.05 ± 132.01 kPa, 100.59 ± 31.15 kPa and 245.78 ± 33.54 kPa, respectively for SES, 3DP and MEW at day 7 of maturation) compared to the non-reinforced collagen-based model (16.63 ± 5.69 kPa). Moreover, on day 7, the developed collagen gels showed stresses (for strains between 20% and 55%) in the range of [5-15] kPa for COL, [80-350] kPa for SES, [20-70] kPa for 3DP and [100-190] kPa for MEW. In addition to the effect on the resulting mechanical properties, the polymeric tubes' architecture influenced cell behavior, in terms of proliferation and attachment, along with collagen gel compaction and extracellular matrix protein expression. The MEW reinforcement resulted in a collagen gel compaction similar to the COL reference, whereas 3DP and SES led to thinner and longer collagen gels. Overall, it can be concluded that 1) the selected processing technique influences the scaffolds' architecture, which in turn influences the resulting mechanical and biological properties, and 2) the incorporation of a polymeric reinforcement leads to mechanical properties closely matching those of native arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pien
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Bartolf-Kopp
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Victor Chausse
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marguerite Meeremans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marta Pegueroles
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Messner B, Grab M, Grefen L, Laufer G, Hagl C, König F. Cyclic pressure induced decellularization of porcine descending aortas. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:19. [PMID: 37074546 PMCID: PMC10115674 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The demand for decellularized xenogeneic tissues used in reconstructive heart surgery has increased over the last decades. Complete decellularization of longer and tubular aortic sections suitable for clinical application has not been achieved so far. The present study aims at analyzing the effect of pressure application on decellularization efficacy of porcine aortas using a device specifically designed for this purpose. Fresh porcine descending aortas of 8 cm length were decellularized using detergents. To increase decellularization efficacy, detergent treatment was combined with pressure application and different treatment schemes. Quantification of penetration depth as well as histological staining, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile strength tests were used to evaluate tissue structure. In general, application of pressure to aortic tissue does neither increase the decellularization success nor the penetration depth of detergents. However, it is of importance from which side of the aorta the pressure is applied. Application of intermittent pressure from the adventitial side does significantly increase the decellularization degree at the intimal side (compared to the reference group), but had no influence on the penetration depth of SDC/SDS at both sides. Although the present setup does not significantly improve the decellularization success of aortas, it is interesting that the application of pressure from the adventitial side leads to improved decellularization of the intimal side. As no adverse effects on tissue structure nor on mechanical properties were observed, optimization of the present protocol may potentially lead to complete decellularization of larger aortic segments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Grab
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Medical Materials and Implants, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Grefen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Günther Laufer
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian König
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Chan V, Corridon PR. Acellular Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts from Polymers: Methods, Achievements, Characterization, and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224825. [PMID: 36432950 PMCID: PMC9695055 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive and permanent damage to the vasculature leading to different pathogenesis calls for developing innovative therapeutics, including drugs, medical devices, and cell therapies. Innovative strategies to engineer bioartificial/biomimetic vessels have been extensively exploited as an effective replacement for vessels that have seriously malfunctioned. However, further studies in polymer chemistry, additive manufacturing, and rapid prototyping are required to generate highly engineered vascular segments that can be effectively integrated into the existing vasculature of patients. One recently developed approach involves designing and fabricating acellular vessel equivalents from novel polymeric materials. This review aims to assess the design criteria, engineering factors, and innovative approaches for the fabrication and characterization of biomimetic macro- and micro-scale vessels. At the same time, the engineering correlation between the physical properties of the polymer and biological functionalities of multiscale acellular vascular segments are thoroughly elucidated. Moreover, several emerging characterization techniques for probing the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered vascular grafts are revealed. Finally, significant challenges to the clinical transformation of the highly promising engineered vessels derived from polymers are identified, and unique perspectives on future research directions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (P.R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antonova LV, Mironov AV, Shabaev AR, Silnikov VN, Krivkina EO, Matveeva VG, Velikanova EA, Senokosova EA, Khanova MY, Sevostyanova VV, Glushkova TV, Mukhamadiyarov RA, Barbarash LS. Tissue-engineered vascular patches: comparative characteristics and preclinical test results in a sheep model. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 2022. [DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2022-4-94-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with patch angioplasty is the most effective treatment for carotid artery stenosis. However, the use of existing vascular patches is often associated with thrombosis, restenosis, calcification and other complications.Objective: to develop biodegradable patches for arterial reconstruction, containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD), and comparatively evaluate their biocompatibility and efficacy in in vitro experiments and during preclinical trials in large laboratory animal models.Materials and methods. Biodegradable patches, made from a mixture of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), were fabricated by electrospinning and modified with VEGF or the peptide sequence RGD in different configurations. In in vitro experiments, the surface structure, physicomechanical and hemocompatibility properties were evaluated. In in vivo experiments, we evaluated the effectiveness of the developed vascular patches for 6 months after implantation into the carotid artery of 12 sheep. The quality of remodeling was assessed using histological and immunofluorescence studies of explanted specimens.Results. The PHBV/PCL/VEGF patches had physicomechanical characteristics closer to those of native vessels and their biofunctionalization method resulted in the smallest drop in strength characteristics compared with their unmodified PHBV/PCL counterparts. Modification with RGD peptides reduced the strength of the polymer patches by a factor of 2 without affecting their stress-strain behavior. Incorporation of VEGF into polymer fibers reduced platelet aggregation upon contact with the surface of the PHBV/PCL/VEGF patches and did not increase erythrocyte hemolysis. At month 6 of implantation into the carotid artery of sheep, the PHBV/PCL/ VEGF patches formed a complete newly formed vascular tissue without signs of associated inflammation and calcification. This indicates the high efficiency of the VEGF incorporated into the patch. In contrast, the patches modified with different configurations of RGD peptides combined the presence of neointimal hyperplasia and chronic granulomatous inflammation present in the patch wall and developed during bioresorption of the polymer scaffold.Conclusion. PHBV/PCL/VEGF patches have better biocompatibility and are more suitable for vascular wall reconstruction than PHBV/PCL/RGD patches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. V. Antonova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - A. V. Mironov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - A. R. Shabaev
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | | | - E. O. Krivkina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - V. G. Matveeva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - E. A. Velikanova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - E. A. Senokosova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - M. Yu. Khanova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | | | - T. V. Glushkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | | | - L. S. Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caldiroli A, Pederzani E, Pezzotta M, Azzollini N, Fiori S, Tironi M, Rizzo P, Sangalli F, Figliuzzi M, Fiore GB, Remuzzi A, Riboldi SA, Soncini M, Redaelli A. Hybrid fibroin/polyurethane small-diameter vascular grafts: from fabrication to in vivo preliminary assessment. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35944550 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To address the need of alternatives to autologous vessels for small-calibre vascular applications (e.g. cardiac surgery), a hybrid semi-degradable material composed of silk fibroin and polyurethane (Silkothane®) was herein used to fabricate very small-calibre grafts (innner diameter = 1.5 mm) via electrospinning. Hybrid grafts were in vitro characterized in terms of morphology and mechanical behaviour, and compared to similar grafts of pure silk fibroin. Similarly, two native vessels from a rodent model (abdominal aorta and vena cava) were harvested and characterized. Preliminary implants were performed on Lewis rats to confirm the suitability of Silkothane® grafts for small-calibre applications, specifically as aortic insertion and femoral shunt. The manufacturing process generated pliable grafts consisting of a randomized fibrous mesh and exhibiting similar geometrical features to rat aortas. Both Silkothane® and pure silk fibroin grafts showed radial compliances in the range from 1.37 ± 0.86 to 1.88 ± 1.01 % 10-2 mmHg-1, lower than that of native vessels. The Silkothane® small-calibre devices were also implanted in rats demonstrating to be adequate for vascular applications; all the treated rats survived the surgery for 3 months after implantation, and 16 rats out of 17 (94%) still showed blood flow inside the graft at sacrifice. The obtained results lay the basis for a deeper investigation of the interaction between the Silktohane® graft and the implant site, which may deal with further analysis on the potentialities in terms of degradability and tissue formation, on longer time-points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caldiroli
- Bioengineering Laboratories Srl, Via Vivaldi 32/A, Cantù, 22063, ITALY
| | - Elia Pederzani
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Giuseppe Ponzio 34, Milano, Lombardia, 20133, ITALY
| | - Marco Pezzotta
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Giuseppe Ponzio 34, Milano, Lombardia, 20133, ITALY
| | - Nadia Azzollini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , Via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, 24126, ITALY
| | - Sonia Fiori
- , Istituto di ricerche farmacologiche mario negri IRCCS, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Lombardia, 24126, ITALY
| | - Matteo Tironi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS , Via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, 24126, ITALY
| | - Paola Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Centro Anna Maria Astori, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, 24126, ITALY
| | - Fabio Sangalli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, 24126, ITALY
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Bioengineering, Istituto di ricerche farmacologiche mario negri IRCCS, via Stezzano 87, Bergamo, Bergamo, 24126, ITALY
| | - Gianfranco Beniamino Fiore
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, Milano, Lombardia, 20133, ITALY
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Via Pignolo 123, Bergamo, Lombardia, 24121, ITALY
| | | | - Monica Soncini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L Da Vinci ,32, Milano, 20133, ITALY
| | - Alberto Redaelli
- Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Giuseppe Ponzio 34, Milano, 20133, ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Potential of Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers for Use in Small-diameter Vascular Engineering. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
Silk Vascular Grafts with Optimized Mechanical Properties for the Repair and Regeneration of Small Caliber Blood Vessels. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103735. [PMID: 35629761 PMCID: PMC9147556 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been growing in recent years, the need for small-diameter vascular grafts is increasing. Considering the limited success of synthetic grafts, vascular tissue engineering/repair/regeneration aim to find novel solutions. Silk fibroin (SF) has been widely investigated for the development of vascular grafts, due to its good biocompatibility, tailorable biodegradability, excellent mechanical properties, and minimal inflammatory reactions. In this study, a new generation of three-layered SF vascular scaffolds has been produced and optimized. Four designs of the SILKGraft vascular prosthesis have been developed with the aim of improving kink resistance and mechanical strength, without compromising the compliance with native vessels and the proven biocompatibility. A more compact arrangement of the textile layer allowed for the increase in the mechanical properties along the longitudinal and circumferential directions and the improvement of the compliance value, which approached that reported for the saphenous and umbilical veins. The higher braid density slightly affected the grafts’ morphology, increasing surface roughness, but the novel design mimicked the corrugation approach used for synthetic grafts, causing significant improvements in kink resistance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Baaji K, Pezeshki-Modaress M, Rajabi S. An aorta ECM extracted hydrogel as a biomaterial in vascular tissue engineering application. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:207-217. [PMID: 35583849 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological scaffolds have been undergoing significant growth in tissue engineering applications over the last years. Biopolymers extracted from ECM with various protein factors and other biological agents have been active in restoring damaged tissue. In the present study, bioactive scaffold is prepared from bovine aorta extracted natural polymeric hydrogel with advantages of availability and cost-effectiveness. The biological scaffolds were prepared through freeze-drying method to make a 3D sponge with appropriate structure, well-defined architecture and interconnected pores for vascular tissue engineering, and studied the effect of aorta hydrogel concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4% w/v) on the scaffolds. The prepared biological scaffolds were analyzed by mechanical tests, FTIR, SEM, porosity and PBS absorption. Moreover, the morphology and proliferation of human umbilical vein cord cells on the 3D sponges were investigated. Histological analysis including, Masson trichrome (MT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Verhoeff/Van Gieson (VVG) and alcian blue (AB) revealed that during this process the main components of aorta extracellular matrix containing collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan were well preserved. The obtained results revealed that the scaffolds porosity were more than 90%. The Aorta-ECM4% enabled HUVECs to survive, proliferate and migrate better than 2% and 3% aorta-ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Baaji
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Chen C, Xie X, Yuan H, Tang Z, Qian T, Liu Y, Song M, Liu S, Lu T, Wu Z. Photooxidation and Pentagalloyl Glucose Cross-Linking Improves the Performance of Decellularized Small-Diameter Vascular Xenograft In Vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:816513. [PMID: 35402413 PMCID: PMC8987116 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.816513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts have a significant need in peripheral vascular surgery and procedures of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); however, autografts are not always available, synthetic grafts perform poorly, and allografts and xenografts dilate, calcify, and induce inflammation after implantation. We hypothesized that cross-linking of decellularized xenogeneic vascular grafts would improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility and reduce inflammation, degradation, and calcification in vivo. To test this hypothesis, the bovine internal mammary artery (BIMA) was decellularized by detergents and ribozymes with sonication and perfusion. Photooxidation and pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) were used to cross-link the collagen and elastin fibers of decellularized xenografts. Modified grafts’ characteristics and biocompatibility were studied in vitro and in vivo; the grafts were implanted as transposition grafts in the subcutaneous of rats and the abdominal aorta of rabbits. The decellularized grafts were cross-linked by photooxidation and PGG, which improved the grafts’ biomechanical properties and biocompatibility, prevented elastic fibers from early degradation, and reduced inflammation and calcification in vivo. Short-term aortic implants in the rabbits showed collagen regeneration and differentiation of host smooth muscle cells. No occlusion and stenosis occurred due to remodeling and stabilization of the neointima. A good patency rate (100%) was maintained. Notably, implantation of non-treated grafts exhibited marked thrombosis, an inflammatory response, calcification, and elastin degeneration. Thus, photooxidation and PGG cross-linking are potential tools for improving grafts’ biological performance within decellularized small-diameter vascular xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhe Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Lu, ; Zhongshi Wu,
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Lu, ; Zhongshi Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Current Progress in Vascular Engineering and Its Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030493. [PMID: 35159302 PMCID: PMC8834640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used for the treatment of severe CHD cases. Although autologous vessels are a preferred choice, healthy autologous vessels are not always available; hence there is a demand for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used as alternatives. However, producing clinical grade implantable TEVGs that could healthily survive in the host with long-term patency is still a great challenge. There are additional difficulties in producing small diameter (<6 mm) vascular conduits. As a result, there have not been TEVGs that are commercially available. Properties of vascular scaffolds such as tensile strength, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity are key factors that determine the biocompatibility of TEVGs. The source of vascular cells employed to produce TEVGs is a limiting factor for large-scale productions. Advanced technologies including the combined use of natural and biodegradable synthetic materials for scaffolds in conjunction with the use of mesenchyme stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide promising solutions for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to provide an update on various aspects in this field and the current status of TEVG clinical applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozimek J, Pielichowski K. Recent Advances in Polyurethane/POSS Hybrids for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010040. [PMID: 35011280 PMCID: PMC8746980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced organic-inorganic materials-composites, nanocomposites, and hybrids with various compositions offer unique properties required for biomedical applications. One of the most promising inorganic (nano)additives are polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS); their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and phase separation ability that modifies the material porosity are fundamental properties required in modern biomedical applications. When incorporated, chemically or physically, into polyurethane matrices, they substantially change polymer properties, including mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and bioactivity. Hence, this review is dedicated to POSS-PU composites that have recently been developed for applications in the biomedical field. First, different modes of POSS incorporation into PU structure have been presented, then recent developments of PU/POSS hybrids as bio-active composites for scaffolds, cardiovascular stents, valves, and membranes, as well as in bio-imaging and cancer treatment, have been described. Finally, characterization and methods of modification routes of polyurethane-based materials with silsesquioxanes were presented.
Collapse
|
14
|
Devillard CD, Marquette CA. Vascular Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Requirements for an Ideal Large Scale Blood Vessel. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:721843. [PMID: 34671597 PMCID: PMC8522984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.721843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering more than half a century ago, one obstacle has persisted: the in vitro creation of large-scale vascular tissue (>1 cm3) to meet the clinical needs of viable tissue grafts but also for biological research applications. Considerable advancements in biofabrication have been made since Weinberg and Bell, in 1986, created the first blood vessel from collagen, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The synergistic combination of advances in fabrication methods, availability of cell source, biomaterials formulation and vascular tissue development, promises new strategies for the creation of autologous blood vessels, recapitulating biological functions, structural functions, but also the mechanical functions of a native blood vessel. In this review, the main technological advancements in bio-fabrication are discussed with a particular highlights on 3D bioprinting technologies. The choice of the main biomaterials and cell sources, the use of dynamic maturation systems such as bioreactors and the associated clinical trials will be detailed. The remaining challenges in this complex engineering field will finally be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé D Devillard
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe A Marquette
- 3d.FAB, CNRS, INSA, Univ Lyon, CPE-Lyon, UMR5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sanaei K, Plotner S, Oommen Jacob A, Ramirez-Vick J, Vyavahare N, Nosoudi N. Effect of all-trans retinoic acid and pentagalloyl glucose on smooth muscle cell elastogenesis. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 32:145-157. [PMID: 33682692 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of tissue engineering is to fabricate a tissue construct that mimics native tissue both biologically and mechanically. A recurring problem for tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) is deficient elastogenesis from seeded smooth muscle cells. Elastin is an integral mechanical component in blood vessels, allowing elastic deformation and retraction in response to the shear and pulsatile forces of the cardiac system. OBJECTIVE The goal of this research is to assess the effect of the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and polyphenol pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) on the expression of elastin in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMC). METHODS A polycaprolactone (PCL) and the gelatin polymer composite was electrospun and doped with RA and PGG. The scaffolds were subsequently seeded with hASMCs and incubated for five weeks. The resulting tissue-engineered constructs were evaluated using qPCR and Fastin assay for their elastin expression and deposition. RESULTS All treatments showed an increased elastin expression compared to the control, with PGG treatments showing a significant increase in gene expression and elastin deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Sanaei
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 228 Russ Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Sydney Plotner
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 228 Russ Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Anson Oommen Jacob
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 228 Russ Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jaime Ramirez-Vick
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 228 Russ Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Nasim Nosoudi
- Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, 228 Russ Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, USA.,Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anti-Inflammatory Fibronectin-AgNP for Regulation of Biological Performance and Endothelial Differentiation Ability of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179262. [PMID: 34502171 PMCID: PMC8430779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The engineering of vascular regeneration still involves barriers that need to be conquered. In the current study, a novel nanocomposite comprising of fibronectin (denoted as FN) and a small amount of silver nanoparticles (AgNP, ~15.1, ~30.2 or ~75.5 ppm) was developed and its biological function and biocompatibility in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and rat models was investigated. The surface morphology as well as chemical composition for pure FN and the FN-AgNP nanocomposites incorporating various amounts of AgNP were firstly characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Among the nanocomposites, FN-AgNP with 30.2 ppm silver nanoparticles demonstrated the best biocompatibility as assessed through intracellular ROS production, proliferation of MSCs, and monocytes activation. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were also examined. FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine expression compared to other materials, indicating superior performance of anti-immune response. Mechanistically, FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm significantly induced greater expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-cell derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) and promoted the migration of MSCs through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling pathway. Besides, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm stimulated greater protein expressions of CD31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) as well as facilitated better endothelialization capacity than other materials. Furthermore, the histological tissue examination revealed the lowest capsule formation and collagen deposition in rat subcutaneous implantation of FN-AgNP 30.2 ppm. In conclusion, FN-AgNP nanocomposites may facilitate the migration and proliferation of MSCs, induce endothelial cell differentiation, and attenuate immune response. These finding also suggests that FN-AgNP may be a potential anti-inflammatory surface modification strategy for vascular biomaterials.
Collapse
|
17
|
Pien N, Palladino S, Copes F, Candiani G, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Mantovani D. Tubular bioartificial organs: From physiological requirements to fabrication processes and resulting properties. A critical review. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:420-446. [PMID: 34433163 DOI: 10.1159/000519207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Pien
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Palladino
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- GenT Lab, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pereira AT, Schneider KH, Henriques PC, Grasl C, Melo SF, Fernandes IP, Kiss H, Martins MCL, Bergmeister H, Gonçalves IC. Graphene Oxide Coating Improves the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Decellularized Umbilical Cord Arteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32662-32672. [PMID: 34240610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lack of small-diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter <5 mm) to substitute autologous grafts in arterial bypass surgeries has a massive impact on the prognosis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. Decellularized arteries from different sources have been proposed as an alternative, but their poor mechanical performance and high collagen exposure, which promotes platelet and bacteria adhesion, limit their successful application. In this study, these limitations were surpassed for decellularized umbilical cord arteries through the coating of their lumen with graphene oxide (GO). Placental and umbilical cord arteries were decellularized and perfused with a suspension of GO (C/O ratio 2:1) with ∼1.5 μm lateral size. A homogeneous GO coating that completely covered the collagen fibers was obtained for both arteries, with improvement of mechanical properties being achieved for umbilical cord decellularized arteries. GO coating increased the maximum force in 27%, the burst pressure in 29%, the strain in 25%, and the compliance in 10%, compared to umbilical cord decellularized arteries. The achieved theoretical burst pressure (1960 mmHg) and compliance (13.9%/100 mmHg) are similar to the human saphenous vein and mammary artery, respectively, which are used nowadays as the gold standard in coronary and peripheral artery bypass surgeries. Furthermore, and very importantly, coatings with GO did not compromise the endothelial cell adhesion but decreased platelet and bacteria adhesion to decellularized arteries, which will impact on the prevention of thrombosis and infection, until full re-endothetialization is achieved. Overall, our results reveal that GO coating has an effective role in the improvement of decellularized umbilical cord artery performance, which is a huge step toward their application as a small-diameter vascular graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia T Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl H Schneider
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrícia C Henriques
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christian Grasl
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia F Melo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês P Fernandes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Herbert Kiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Inês C Gonçalves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fazal F, Raghav S, Callanan A, Koutsos V, Radacsi N. Recent advancements in the bioprinting of vascular grafts. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34102613 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in the bioinks and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting methods used to fabricate vascular constructs are summarized herein. Critical biomechanical properties required to fabricate an ideal vascular graft are highlighted, as well as various testing methods have been outlined to evaluate the bio-fabricated grafts as per the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guidelines. Occlusive artery disease and cardiovascular disease are the major causes of death globally. These diseases are caused by the blockage in the arteries, which results in a decreased blood flow to the tissues of major organs in the body, such as the heart. Bypass surgery is often performed using a vascular graft to re-route the blood flow. Autologous grafts represent a gold standard for such bypass surgeries; however, these grafts may be unavailable due to the previous harvesting or possess a poor quality. Synthetic grafts serve well for medium to large-sized vessels, but they fail when used to replace small-diameter vessels, generally smaller than 6 mm. Various tissue engineering approaches have been used to address the urgent need for vascular graft that can withstand hemodynamic blood pressure and has the ability to grow and remodel. Among these approaches, 3D bioprinting offers an attractive solution to construct patient-specific vessel grafts with layered biomimetic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Fazal
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, (New Campus) Pakistan
| | - Sakshika Raghav
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuźmińska A, Kwarta D, Ciach T, Butruk-Raszeja BA. Cylindrical Polyurethane Scaffold Fabricated Using the Phase Inversion Method: Influence of Process Parameters on Scaffolds' Morphology and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2977. [PMID: 34072853 PMCID: PMC8198356 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a method of obtaining cylindrical polymer structures with a given diameter (approx. 5 mm) using the phase inversion technique. As part of the work, the influence of process parameters (polymer hardness, polymer solution concentration, the composition of the non-solvent solution, process time) on the scaffolds' morphology was investigated. Additionally, the influence of the addition of porogen on the scaffold's mechanical properties was analyzed. It has been shown that the use of a 20% polymer solution of medium hardness (ChronoFlex C45D) and carrying out the process for 24 h in 0:100 water/ethanol leads to the achievement of repeatable structures with adequate flexibility. Among the three types of porogens tested (NaCl, hexane, polyvinyl alcohol), the most favorable results were obtained for 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The addition of PVA increases the range of pore diameters and the value of the mean pore diameter (9.6 ± 3.2 vs. 15.2 ± 6.4) while reducing the elasticity of the structure (Young modulus = 3.6 ± 1.5 MPa vs. 9.7 ± 4.3 MPa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuźmińska
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (T.C.); (B.A.B.-R.)
| | - Dominika Kwarta
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (T.C.); (B.A.B.-R.)
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (T.C.); (B.A.B.-R.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata A. Butruk-Raszeja
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (T.C.); (B.A.B.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dimopoulos A, Markatos DN, Mitropoulou A, Panagiotopoulos I, Koletsis E, Mavrilas D. A novel polymeric fibrous microstructured biodegradable small-caliber tubular scaffold for cardiovascular tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:21. [PMID: 33649939 PMCID: PMC7921057 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing morbidity of cardiovascular diseases in modern society has made it crucial to develop artificial small-caliber cardiovascular grafts for surgical intervention of diseased natural arteries, as alternatives to the gold standard autologous implants. Synthetic small-caliber grafts are still not in use due to increased risk of restenosis, lack of lumen re-endothelialization and mechanical mismatch, leading sometimes either to graft failure or to unsuccessful remodeling and pathology of the distal parts of the anastomosed healthy vascular tissues. In this work, we aimed to synthesize small-caliber polymeric (polycaprolactone) tissue-engineered vascular scaffolds that mimic the structure and biomechanics of natural vessels. Electrospinning was implemented to prepare microstructured polymeric membranes with controlled axis-parallel fiber alignment. Consequently, we designed small-caliber multilayer anisotropic biodegradable nanofibrous tubular scaffolds, giving attention to their radial compliance. Polycaprolactone scaffold morphology and mechanical properties were assessed, quantified, and compared with those of native vessels and commercial synthetic grafts. Results showed a highly hydrophobic scaffold material with a three-layered tubular morphology, 4-mm internal diameter/0.25 ± 0.09-mm thickness, consisting of predominantly axially aligned thin (1.156 ± 0.447 μm), homogeneous and continuous microfibers, with adequate (17.702 ± 5.369 μm) pore size, potentially able to promote cell infiltration in vivo. In vitro accelerated degradation showed a 5% mass loss within 17-25 weeks. Mechanical anisotropy was attained as a result, almost one order of magnitude difference of the elastic modulus (18 ± 3 MPa axially/1 ± 0.3 MPa circumferentially), like that of natural arterial walls. Furthermore, a desirable radial compliance (5.04 ± 0.82%, within the physiological pressure range) as well as cyclic stability of the tubular scaffold was achieved. Finally, cytotoxicity evaluation of the polymeric scaffolds revealed that the materials were nontoxic and did not release substances harmful to living cells (over 80% cell viability achieved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dimopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR, Greece
| | - Dionysios N Markatos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR, Greece
| | - Athina Mitropoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panagiotopoulos
- University Hospital, Cardiothoracic Surgery Clinic, University of Patras, Patras, GR, Greece
| | - Efstratios Koletsis
- University Hospital, Cardiothoracic Surgery Clinic, University of Patras, Patras, GR, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Mavrilas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, GR, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meijer EM, van Dijk CGM, Kramann R, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Implementation of Pericytes in Vascular Regeneration Strategies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:1-21. [PMID: 33231500 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the survival and integration of complex large-sized tissue-engineered (TE) organ constructs that exceed the maximal nutrients and oxygen diffusion distance required for cell survival, graft (pre)vascularization to ensure medium or blood supply is crucial. To achieve this, the morphology and functionality of the microcapillary bed should be mimicked by incorporating vascular cell populations, including endothelium and mural cells. Pericytes play a crucial role in microvascular function, blood vessel stability, angiogenesis, and blood pressure regulation. In addition, tissue-specific pericytes are important in maintaining specific functions in different organs, including vitamin A storage in the liver, renin production in the kidneys and maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier. Together with their multipotential differentiation capacity, this makes pericytes the preferred cell type for application in TE grafts. The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the TE organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)-vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts. Impact statement The use of a tissue-specific pericyte cell population that matches the tissue-engineered (TE) organ may benefit organ function. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature for graft (pre)vascularization strategies and highlight the possible advantages of using tissue-specific pericytes for specific TE organ grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elana M Meijer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian G M van Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kimicata M, Swamykumar P, Fisher JP. Extracellular Matrix for Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1388-1401. [PMID: 33231135 PMCID: PMC7759287 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To treat coronary heart disease, coronary artery bypass grafts are used to divert blood flow around blockages in the coronary arteries. Autologous grafts are the gold standard of care, but they are characterized by their lack of availability, low quality, and high failure rates. Alternatively, tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts made from synthetic or natural polymers have not demonstrated adequate results to replace autologous grafts; synthetic grafts result in a loss of patency due to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, whereas scaffolds from natural polymers are generally unable to support the physiological conditions. Extracellular matrix (ECM) from a variety of sources, including cell-derived, 2D, and cannular tissues, has become an increasingly useful tool for this application. The current review examines the ECM-based methods that have recently been investigated in the field and comments on their viability for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Kimicata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Prateek Swamykumar
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, and University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim BS, Das S, Jang J, Cho DW. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Bioinks for Engineering Tissue- and Organ-specific Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10608-10661. [PMID: 32786425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials-based biofabrication methods have gained much attention in recent years. Among them, 3D cell printing is a pioneering technology to facilitate the recapitulation of unique features of complex human tissues and organs with high process flexibility and versatility. Bioinks, combinations of printable hydrogel and cells, can be utilized to create 3D cell-printed constructs. The bioactive cues of bioinks directly trigger cells to induce tissue morphogenesis. Among the various printable hydrogels, the tissue- and organ-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can exert synergistic effects in supporting various cells at any component by facilitating specific physiological properties. In this review, we aim to discuss a new paradigm of dECM-based bioinks able to recapitulate the inherent microenvironmental niche in 3D cell-printed constructs. This review can serve as a toolbox for biomedical engineers who want to understand the beneficial characteristics of the dECM-based bioinks and a basic set of fundamental criteria for printing functional human tissues and organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Soo Kim
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu,, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanskrita Das
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu,, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Catoira MC, González-Payo J, Fusaro L, Ramella M, Boccafoschi F. Natural hydrogels R&D process: technical and regulatory aspects for industrial implementation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:64. [PMID: 32696261 PMCID: PMC7374448 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since hydrogel therapies have been introduced into clinic treatment procedures, the biomedical industry has to face the technology transfer and the scale-up of the processes. This will be key in the roadmap of the new technology implementation. Transfer technology and scale-up are already known for some applications but other applications, such as 3D printing, are still challenging. Decellularized tissues offer a lot of advantages when compared to other natural gels, for example they display enhanced biological properties, due to their ability to preserve natural molecules. For this reason, even though their use as a source for bioinks represents a challenge for the scale-up process, it is very important to consider the advantages that originate with overcoming this challenge. Therefore, many aspects that influence the scaling of the industrial process should be considered, like the addition of drugs or cells to the hydrogel, also, the gelling process is important to determine the chemical and physical parameters that must be controlled in order to guarantee a successful process. Legal aspects are also crucial when carrying out the scale-up of the process since they determine the industrial implementation success from the regulatory point of view. In this context, the new law Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on biomedical devices will be considered. This review summarizes the different aspects, including the legal ones, that should be considered when scaling up hydrogels of natural origin, in order to balance these different aspects and to optimize the costs in terms of raw materials and engine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Catoira
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Javier González-Payo
- Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jirofti N, Mohebbi-Kalhori D, Samimi A, Hadjizadeh A, Kazemzadeh GH. Fabrication and characterization of a novel compliant small-diameter PET/PU/PCL triad-hybrid vascular graft. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:055004. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab8743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
27
|
Hu Q, Su C, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Feng R, Feng J, Li S. Fabrication of multilayer tubular scaffolds with aligned nanofibers to guide the growth of endothelial cells. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:553-566. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328220935090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aligned electrospun fibers used for the fabrication of tubular scaffolds possess the ability to regulate cellular alignment and relevant functional expression, with applications in tissue engineering. Despite significant progress in the fabrication of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) over the past decade, several challenges remain; one of the most problematic of these is the fabrication of aligned nanofibers for multilayer SDVGs. Furthermore, delamination between each layer is difficult to avoid during the fabrication of multilayer structures. This study introduces a new fabrication method for minute delamination four-layer tubular scaffolds (FLTSs) that consist of an interior layer with highly longitudinal aligned nanofibers, two middle layers composed of electrospun sloped and circumferentially aligned fibers, and an exterior layer comprising random fibers. These FLTSs are used to simulate the structures and functions of native blood vessels. Here, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) were electrospun to fabricate FLTSs or tubular scaffolds with completely random fibers layer (RLTSs). The surface wettability of the TPU/PCL/PEG tubular scaffold was tested by water contact angle analysis. In particular, compared with RLTSs, FLTSs showed excellent mechanical properties, with higher circumferential and longitudinal tensile properties. Furthermore, the high viability of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on the FLTSs indicated the biocompatibility of the tubular scaffolds comparing to RLTSs. The aligned and random composite structure of the FLTSs are conducive to promoting the growth of HUVECs, and the cell adhesion and proliferation on these scaffolds was found to be superior to that on RLTSs. These results demonstrate that the fabricated FLTSs have the potential for application in vascular tissue regeneration and clinical arterial replacements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiping Su
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxuan Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fibronectin Adsorption on Electrospun Synthetic Vascular Grafts Attracts Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promotes Endothelialization in Dynamic In Vitro Culture. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030778. [PMID: 32210018 PMCID: PMC7140838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate mechanical properties and fast endothelialization of synthetic grafts are key to ensure long-term functionality of implants. We used a newly developed biostable polyurethane elastomer (TPCU) to engineer electrospun vascular scaffolds with promising mechanical properties (E-modulus: 4.8 ± 0.6 MPa, burst pressure: 3326 ± 78 mmHg), which were biofunctionalized with fibronectin (FN) and decorin (DCN). Neither uncoated nor biofunctionalized TPCU scaffolds induced major adverse immune responses except for minor signs of polymorph nuclear cell activation. The in vivo endothelial progenitor cell homing potential of the biofunctionalized scaffolds was simulated in vitro by attracting endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Although DCN coating did attract ECFCs in combination with FN (FN + DCN), DCN-coated TPCU scaffolds showed a cell-repellent effect in the absence of FN. In a tissue-engineering approach, the electrospun and biofunctionalized tubular grafts were cultured with primary-isolated vascular endothelial cells in a custom-made bioreactor under dynamic conditions with the aim to engineer an advanced therapy medicinal product. Both FN and FN + DCN functionalization supported the formation of a confluent and functional endothelial layer.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gritsch L, Liverani L, Lovell C, Boccaccini AR. Polycaprolactone Electrospun Fiber Mats Prepared Using Benign Solvents: Blending with Copper(II)‐Chitosan Increases the Secretion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in a Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Line. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900355. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gritsch
- Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Lucideon Ltd. Queens Road, Penkhull Stoke‐on‐Trent Staffordshire ST4 7LQ UK
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christopher Lovell
- Lucideon Ltd. Queens Road, Penkhull Stoke‐on‐Trent Staffordshire ST4 7LQ UK
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Topography elicits distinct phenotypes and functions in human primary and stem cell derived endothelial cells. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119747. [PMID: 31951971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effective deployment of arterial (AECs), venous (VECs) and stem cell-derived endothelial cells (PSC-ECs) in clinical applications requires understanding of their distinctive phenotypic and functional characteristics, including their responses to microenvironmental cues. Efforts to mimic the in-vivo vascular basement membrane milieu have led to the design and fabrication of nano- and micro-topographical substrates. Although the basement membrane architectures of arteries and veins are different, investigations into the effects of substrate topographies have so far focused on generic EC characteristics. Thus, topographical modulation of arterial- or venous-specific EC phenotype and function remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the effects of 16 unique topographies on primary AECs, VECs and human PSC-ECs using a Multi Architectural (MARC) Chip. Gratings and micro-lenses augmented venous-specific phenotypes and depressed arterial functions in VECs; while AECs did not respond consistently to topography. PSC-ECs exhibited phenotypic and functional maturation towards an arterial subtype with increased angiogenic potential, NOTCH1 and Ac-LDL expression on gratings. Specific topographies could elicit different phenotypic and functional changes, despite similar morphological response in different ECs, demonstrating no direct correlation between the two responses.
Collapse
|
31
|
Dehghan-Manshadi N, Fattahi S, Hadizadeh M, Nikukar H, Moshtaghioun SM, Aflatoonian B. The influence of elastomeric polyurethane type and ratio on the physicochemical properties of electrospun polyurethane/silk fibroin hybrid nanofibers as potential scaffolds for soft and hard tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
32
|
Alessandrino A, Chiarini A, Biagiotti M, Dal Prà I, Bassani GA, Vincoli V, Settembrini P, Pierimarchi P, Freddi G, Armato U. Three-Layered Silk Fibroin Tubular Scaffold for the Repair and Regeneration of Small Caliber Blood Vessels: From Design to in vivo Pilot Tests. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:356. [PMID: 31850325 PMCID: PMC6895545 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is an eligible biomaterial for the development of small caliber vascular grafts for substitution, repair, and regeneration of blood vessels. This study presents the properties of a newly designed multi-layered SF tubular scaffold for vascular grafting (SilkGraf). The wall architecture consists of two electrospun layers (inner and outer) and an intermediate textile layer. The latter was designed to confer high mechanical performance and resistance on the device, while electrospun layers allow enhancing its biomimicry properties and host's tissues integration. In vitro cell interaction studies performed with adult Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAECs), Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HASMCs), and Human Aortic Adventitial Fibroblasts (HAAFs) demonstrated that the electrospun layers favor cell adhesion, survival, and growth. Once cultured in vitro on the SF scaffold the three cell types showed an active metabolism (consumption of glucose and glutamine, release of lactate), and proliferation for up to 20 days. HAAF cells grown on SF showed a significantly lower synthesis of type I procollagen than on polystyrene, meaning a lower fibrotic effect of the SF substrate. The cytokine and chemokine expression patterns were investigated to evaluate the cells' proliferative and pro-inflammatory attitude. Interestingly, no significant amounts of truly pro-inflammatory cytokines were secreted by any of the three cell types which exhibited a clearly proliferative profile. Good hemocompatibility was observed by complement activation, hemolysis, and hematology assays. Finally, the results of an in vivo preliminary pilot trial on minipig and sheep to assess the functional behavior of implanted SF-based vascular graft identified the sheep as the more apt animal model for next medium-to-long term preclinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Catoira MC, Fusaro L, Di Francesco D, Ramella M, Boccafoschi F. Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:115. [PMID: 31599365 PMCID: PMC6787111 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Catoira
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, 28100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Distler T, Ruther F, Boccaccini AR, Detsch R. Development of 3D Biofabricated Cell Laden Hydrogel Vessels and a Low-Cost Desktop Printed Perfusion Chamber for In Vitro Vessel Maturation. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900245. [PMID: 31386277 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system represents the key supply chain for nutrients and oxygen inside the human body. Engineered solutions to produce sophisticated alternatives for autologous or artificial vascular implants to sustainably replace diseased vascular tissue still remain a key challenge in tissue engineering. In this paper, cell-laden 3D bioplotted hydrogel vessel-like constructs made from alginate di-aldehyde (ADA) and gelatin (GEL) are presented. The aim is to increase the mechanical stability of fibroblast-laden ADA-GEL vessels, tailoring them for maturation under dynamic cell culture conditions. BaCl2 is investigated as a crosslinker for the oxidized alginate-gelatin system. Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF)-laden vessel constructs are optimized successfully in terms of higher stiffness by increasing ADA concentration and using BaCl2 , with no toxic effects observed on NHDF. Contrarily, BaCl2 crosslinking of ADA-GEL accelerates cell attachment, viability, and growth from 7d to 24h compared to CaCl2 . Moreover, alignment of cells in the longitudinal direction of the hydrogel vessels when extruding the cell-laden hydrogel crosslinked with Ba2+ is observed. It is possible to tune the stiffness of ADA-GEL by utilizing Ba2+ as crosslinker. In addition, a customized, low-cost 3D printed polycarbonate (PC) perfusion chamber for perfusion of vessel-like constructs is introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Ruther
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jin X, Geng X, Jia L, Xu Z, Ye L, Gu Y, Zhang AY, Feng ZG. Preparation of Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts Electrospun from Heparin End-Capped PCL and Evaluation in a Rabbit Carotid Artery Replacement Model. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900114. [PMID: 31222914 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to construct small diameter (ID <6 mm) off-the-shelf tissue-engineered vascular grafts, the end-group heparinizd poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is synthesized by a three-step process and then electrospun into an inner layer of double-layer vascular scaffolds (DLVSs) showing a hierarchical double distribution of nano- and microfibers. Afterward, PCL without the end-group heparinization is electrospun into an outer layer. A steady release of grafted heparin and the existence of a glycocalyx structure give the grafts anticoagulation activity and the conjugation of heparin also improves hydrophilicity and accelerates degradation of the scaffolds. The DLVSs are evaluated in six rabbits via a carotid artery interpositional model for a period of three months. All the grafts are patent until explantation, and meanwhile smooth endothelialization and fine revascularization are observed in the grafts. The composition of the outer layer of scaffolds exhibits a significant effect on the aneurysm dilation after implantation. Only one aneurysm dilation is detected at two months and no calcification is formed in the follow-up term. How to prevent aneurysms remains a challenging topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liujun Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinic Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Fuwai Hospital National Cardiovascular Center, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zeqin Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital and Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital and Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ai-Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Arora S, Yim EKF, Toh YC. Environmental Specification of Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Endothelial Cells Toward Arterial and Venous Subtypes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:143. [PMID: 31259171 PMCID: PMC6587665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are required for a multitude of cardiovascular clinical applications, such as revascularization of ischemic tissues or endothelialization of tissue engineered grafts. Patient derived primary ECs are limited in number, have donor variabilities and their in vitro phenotypes and functions can deteriorate over time. This necessitates the exploration of alternative EC sources. Although there has been a recent surge in the use of pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells (PSC-ECs) for various cardiovascular clinical applications, current differentiation protocols yield a heterogeneous EC population, where their specification into arterial or venous subtypes is undefined. Since arterial and venous ECs are phenotypically and functionally different, inappropriate matching of exogenous ECs to host sites can potentially affect clinical efficacy, as exemplified by venous graft mismatch when placed into an arterial environment. Therefore, there is a need to design and employ environmental cues that can effectively modulate PSC-ECs into a more homogeneous arterial or venous phenotype for better adaptation to the host environment, which will in turn contribute to better application efficacy. In this review, we will first give an overview of the developmental and functional differences between arterial and venous ECs. This provides the foundation for our subsequent discussion on the different bioengineering strategies that have been investigated to varying extent in providing biochemical and biophysical environmental cues to mature PSC-ECs into arterial or venous subtypes. The ability to efficiently leverage on a combination of biochemical and biophysical environmental cues to modulate intrinsic arterio-venous specification programs in ECs will greatly facilitate future translational applications of PSC-ECs. Since the development and maintenance of arterial and venous ECs in vivo occur in disparate physio-chemical microenvironments, it is conceivable that the application of these environmental factors in customized combinations or magnitudes can be used to selectively mature PSC-ECs into an arterial or venous subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang F, Xie Y, Celik H, Akkus O, Bernacki SH, King MW. Engineering small-caliber vascular grafts from collagen filaments and nanofibers with comparable mechanical properties to native vessels. Biofabrication 2019; 11:035020. [PMID: 30943452 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab15ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
At the present time, there is no successful synthetic, off-the-shelf small-caliber vascular graft (<6 mm) for the repair or bypass of the coronary or carotid arteries. This stimulates on-going investigations to fabricate an artificial vascular graft that has both sufficient mechanical properties as well as superior biological performance. Collagen has long been considered as a viable material to encourage cell recruitment, tissue regeneration, and revascularization, but its use has been limited by its inferior mechanical properties. In this study, novel electrochemically aligned collagen filaments were used to engineer a bilayer small-caliber vascular graft, by circular knitting the collagen filaments and electrospinning collagen nanofibers. The collagen prototype grafts showed significantly greater bursting strength under dry and hydrated conditions to that of autografts such as the human internal mammary artery and the saphenous vein (SV). The suture retention strength was sufficient under dry condition, but that under hydrated condition needs to be further improved. The radial dynamic compliance of the collagen grafts was similar to that of the human SV. During in vitro cell culture assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the prototype collagen grafts also encouraged cell adhesion and promoted cell proliferation compared to the synthetic poly(lactic acid) grafts. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of the use of novel collagen filaments for fabricating small caliber tissue-engineered vascular grafts that provide both sufficient mechanical properties and superior biological performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Goins A, Webb AR, Allen JB. Multi-layer approaches to scaffold-based small diameter vessel engineering: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:896-912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
39
|
Singla R, Abidi SMS, Dar AI, Acharya A. Nanomaterials as potential and versatile platform for next generation tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2433-2449. [PMID: 30690870 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging field where alternate/artificial tissues or organ substitutes are implanted to mimic the functionality of damaged or injured tissues. Earlier efforts were made to develop natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic materials for skin equivalents to treat burns or skin wounds. Nowadays, many more tissues like bone, cardiac, cartilage, heart, liver, cornea, blood vessels, and so forth are being engineered using 3-D biomaterial constructs or scaffolds that could deliver active molecules such as peptides or growth factors. Nanomaterials (NMs) due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties possess significant opportunities in TE applications. Traditional TE scaffolds were based on hydrolytically degradable macroporous materials, whereas current approaches emphasize on controlling cell behaviors and tissue formation by nano-scale topography that closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix. This review article gives a comprehensive outlook of different organ specific NMs which are being used for diversified TE applications. Varieties of NMs are known to serve as biological alternatives to repair or replace a portion or whole of the nonfunctional or damaged tissue. NMs may promote greater amounts of specific interactions stimulated at the cellular level, ultimately leading to more efficient new tissue formation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2433-2449, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubbel Singla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Syed M S Abidi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li X, Zhao H. Mechanical and degradation properties of small-diameter vascular grafts in an in vitro biomimetic environment. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1017-1034. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218820751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts may fail after implantation due to various reasons from mechanical and biological aspects. In order to evaluate the mechanical durability of small-diameter vascular grafts after implantation, an artificial vascular biomimetic environment that can simulate body temperature, the liquid environment outside the vessel, and continuous blood flow and pulsatile pressure was constructed. This device can be used as a “pre-test” prior to animal experiments to explore the changes of mechanical and degradation properties in the long-term in vivo environment. At the same time, braided tube-reinforced silk fibroin/poly (l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) small-diameter vascular grafts were fabricated and tested under the biomimetic environment. Mechanical changes, including tensile properties, suture retention strength, compliance, and degradation behavior of the braided tube-reinforced poly (l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin small-diameter vascular grafts were explored over various periods of time in the biomimetic environment. The results shown that under a period of testing in the in vitro biomimetic environment, the comprehensive mechanical properties (including tensile properties, suture retention strength, estimated-bursting pressure, and compliance) of small-diameter vascular grafts exhibited varying degrees of changes but that there was no obvious degradation behavior in the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huijing Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Milosevic M, Mijailovic N, Nikolic D, Filipovic N, Peulic A, Rosic M, Pantovic S. Manufacturing of Biodegradable Scaffolds to Engineer Artificial Blood Vessel. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Blood vessels diseases such as cardiac infarction with coronary artery occlusion, peripheral arterial disorders, or stroke of carotid or cerebral arteries, are the leading causes of death in the world. One of medical procedures for clinical treatment of vascular diseases is the blood vessels grafting. As the autologous blood vessels, which are the “golden standard” for coronary grafting, are not always suitable for blood vessels grafting, there is a need to develop artificial blood vessels as a vascular prostheses, either from natural and synthetic materials, permanent synthetic or biodegradable scaffolds which would be suitable for vascular grafts. Considering this to be our study goal we made bilayered biodegradable polycaprolactone scaffolds with different properties and evaluated their morphological and biomechanical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milosevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Nikola Mijailovic
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC) , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Dalibor Nikolic
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC) , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipovic
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC) , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Peulic
- Faculty of Engineering , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center (BioIRC) , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Mirko Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Suzana Pantovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goins A, Ramaswamy V, Lichlyter D, Webb A, Allen JB. Fabrication of a bilayer scaffold for small diameter vascular applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2850-2862. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Goins
- University of Florida, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Gainesville, FL United States
- University of Florida, Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering; Gainesville, FL United States
| | - Vidhya Ramaswamy
- Mayo Clinic Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Research; Rochester, Minnesota United States
| | - Darcy Lichlyter
- University of Florida, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Gainesville, FL United States
| | - Antonio Webb
- University of Florida, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Gainesville, FL United States
| | - Josephine B. Allen
- University of Florida, Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Gainesville, FL United States
- University of Florida, Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering; Gainesville, FL United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sánchez PF, Brey EM, Briceño JC. Endothelialization mechanisms in vascular grafts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2164-2178. [PMID: 30079631 DOI: 10.1002/term.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of tissue-engineered vascular grafts that are currently being developed, autologous vessels, such as the saphenous vein, are still the gold standard grafts for surgical treatment of vascular disease. Recently developed technologies have shown promising results in preclinical studies, but they still do not overcome the issues that native vessels present, and only a few have made the transition into clinical use. The endothelial lining is a key aspect for the success or failure of the grafts, especially on smaller diameter grafts (<5 mm). However, during the design and evaluation of the grafts, the mechanisms for the formation of this layer are not commonly examined. Therefore, a significant amount of established research might not be relevant to the clinical context, due to important differences that exist between the vascular regeneration mechanisms found in animal models and humans. This article reviews current knowledge about endothelialization mechanisms that have been so far identified: in vitro seeding, transanastomotic growth, transmural infiltration, and fallout endothelialization. Emphasis is placed on the models used for study of theses mechanisms and their effects on the development of tissue-engineering vascular conduits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo F Sánchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eric M Brey
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.,Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Juan Carlos Briceño
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Research Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Optimization of oxygen transport within a tissue engineered vascular graft model using embedded micro-channels inspired by vasa vasorum. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
45
|
Colunga T, Dalton S. Building Blood Vessels with Vascular Progenitor Cells. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:630-641. [PMID: 29802036 PMCID: PMC6050017 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular progenitor cells have been identified from perivascular cell fractions and peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear fractions. These vascular progenitors share the ability to generate some of the vascular lineages, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. The potential therapeutic uses for vascular progenitor cells are broad and relate to stroke, ischemic disease, and to the engineering of whole organs and tissues that require a vascular component. This review summarizes the best-characterized sources of vascular progenitor cells and discusses advances in 3D printing and electrospinning using blended polymers for the creation of biomimetic vascular grafts. These advances are pushing the field of regenerative medicine closer to the creation of small-diameter vascular grafts with long-term clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Colunga
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The therapeutic replacement of diseased tubular tissue is hindered by the availability and suitability of current donor, autologous and synthetically derived protheses. Artificially created, tissue engineered, constructs have the potential to alleviate these concerns with reduced autoimmune response, high anatomical accuracy, long-term patency and growth potential. The advent of 3D bioprinting technology has further supplemented the technological toolbox, opening up new biofabrication research opportunities and expanding the therapeutic potential of the field. In this review, we highlight the challenges facing those seeking to create artificial tubular tissue with its associated complex macro- and microscopic architecture. Current biofabrication approaches, including 3D printing techniques, are reviewed and future directions suggested.
Collapse
|
47
|
Masuda T, Ukiki M, Yamagishi Y, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Yokoyama U, Arai F. Fabrication of engineered tubular tissue for small blood vessels via three-dimensional cellular assembly and organization ex vivo. J Biotechnol 2018; 276-277:46-53. [PMID: 29689281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although there is a great need for suitable vascular replacements in clinical practice, much progress needs to be made toward the development of a fully functional tissue-engineered construct. We propose a fabrication method of engineered tubular tissue for small blood vessels via a layer-by-layer cellular assembly technique using mouse smooth muscle cells, the construction of a poly-(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffold, and integration in a microfluidic perfusion culture system. The cylindrical PLCL scaffold is incised, expanded, and its surface is laminated with the cell layers. The construct confirms into tubular structures due to residual stress imposed by the cylindrical PLCL scaffold. The perfusion culture system allows simulation of static, perfusion (laminar flow), and perfusion with pulsatile pressure (Pulsatile flow) conditions in which mimicking the in vivo environments. The aim of this evaluation was to determine whether fabricated tubular tissue models developed their mechanical properties. The cellular response to hemodynamic stimulus imposed by the dynamic culture system is monitored through expression analysis of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, elastin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chains isoforms transcription factors, which play an important role in tissue elastogenesis. Among the available materials for small blood vessel construction, these cellular hybrid vascular scaffolds hold much potential due to controllability of the mechanical properties of synthetic polymers and biocompatibility of integrated cellular components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Masuda
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Ukiki
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Building Block Science, Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Adipurnama I, Yang MC, Ciach T, Butruk-Raszeja B. Surface modification and endothelialization of polyurethane for vascular tissue engineering applications: a review. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:22-37. [PMID: 27942617 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00618c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular implants, especially vascular grafts made of synthetic polymers, find wide clinical applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, cases of failure still exist, notably caused by restenosis and thrombus formation. Aiming to solve these problems, various approaches to surface modification of synthetic vascular grafts have been used to improve both the hemocompatibility and long-term patency of artificial vascular grafts. Surface modification using hydrophilic molecules can enhance hemocompatibility, but this may limit the initial vascular endothelial cell adhesion. Therefore, the improvement of endothelialization on these grafts with specific peptides and biomolecules is now an exciting field of research. In this review, several techniques to improve surface modification and endothelialization on vascular grafts, mainly polyurethane (PU) grafts, are summarized, together with the recent development and evolution of the different strategies: from the use of PEG, zwitterions, and polysaccharides to peptides and other biomolecules and genes; from in vitro endothelialization to in vivo endothelialization; and from bio-inert and bio-active to bio-mimetic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Adipurnama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chien Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Butruk-Raszeja
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Seifu DG, Meghezi S, Unsworth L, Mequanint K, Mantovani D. Viscoelastic properties of multi-layered cellularized vascular tissues fabricated from collagen gel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 80:155-163. [PMID: 29427931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since collagen is one of the major extracellular matrix components in vascular tissues, its use for vascular tissue engineering has several advantages. However, collagen extraction and processing for tissue engineering application alters its structure. As a result, collagen-based vascular constructs show poor mechanical properties compared to native tissues. In this work, multi-layer (single, double, and triple) vascular tissue constructs were engineered from porcine smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) entrapped in collagen gel by concentrically and sequentially layering after compaction of the previous layer(s). The engineered tissues were matured for either 14 or 21 days to allow the collagen gel to remodel before viscoelasticity, compliance, histological, and protein expression studies were conducted. While there was no significant difference upon addition of the different layers on the elastic modulus (p > .05), the viscous modulus of the single layer construct was significantly lower than the double and triple layer constructs (p < .05). Increasing the number of layers of the cellularized collagen construct increased the wall thickness and the viscous modulus of the construct. Furthermore, the cellularized single-layer construct had a relatively high compliance, but the double and triple layer constructs had compliance values comparable to both engineered vessels and native vessels. PSMCs were uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section and expressed the anticipated marker proteins smooth muscle-α actin, calponin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Taken together, this study demonstrated the viscoelastic responsiveness of multi-layer collagen-gel based vascular tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawit G Seifu
- Dept. of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Meghezi
- Dept. of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Larry Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Dept. of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tu F, Liu Y, Li H, Shi P, Hao Y, Wu Y, Yi H, Yin Y, Wang J. Vascular Cell Co-Culture on Silk Fibroin Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E39. [PMID: 30966074 PMCID: PMC6414862 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF), a natural polymer material possessing excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has been widely used in biomedical applications. In order to explore the behavior of vascular cells by co-culturing on regenerated SF matrix for use as artificial blood vessels, human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) were co-cultured with human arterial fibroblasts (HAFs) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on SF films and SF tubular scaffolds (SFTSs). Analysis of cell morphology and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content showed that HUVECs, HAVSMCs and HAFs adhered and spread well, and exhibited high proliferative activity whether cultured alone or in co-culture. Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that HUVECs and HAFs co-existed well with HAVSMCs on SF films or SFTSs. Cytokine expression determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) in HAVSMCs were inhibited on SF films or SFTSs, but expression could be obviously promoted by co-culture with HUVECs or HAFs, especially that of SM-MHC. On SF films, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in HUVECs was promoted, and the expression levels of both increased obviously when co-cultured with HAVSMCs, with the expression levels of VEGF increasing with increasing incubation time. The expression levels of VEGF and CD31 in cells co-cultured on SFTSs improved significantly from day 3 compared with the mono-culture group. These results were beneficial to the mechanism analysis on vascular cell colonization and vascular tissue repair after in vivo transplantation of SFTSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunfei Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Helei Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pange Shi
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunxia Hao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Honggen Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yin Yin
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiannan Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|