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Das I, Patar A, Singha ER, Paul S, Singh BK, Giri S, Giri A. Toxic effects of fenvalerate in tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis: a multiparametric study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49656-49669. [PMID: 39080175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the most widely used insecticides. Fenvalerate (FEN), a synthetic pyrethroid, is frequently used in domestic and agricultural settings to control insects which ultimately find its way into the aquatic ecosystems. The larval stages of amphibians, which are experiencing a rapid population decline, are spent in aquatic habitats, thus making them vulnerable to FEN exposure. The potential toxic effects of pyrethoids in general and FEN in particular are not well understood. The present study was carried out to assess the toxicity of FEN in tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis. FEN at different concentrations (0, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mg/L) induced substantial lethal effects. The estimated LC50 values were 8.54, 6.73, 5.44, and 4.44 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h respectively. Exposure to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentrations delayed metamorphosis and reduced survivality. FEN was found to be genotoxic in erythrocyte micronucleus and comet assay. Further, sub-lethal concentrations of FEN adversely affected the antioxidant defense mechanism of the exposed individuals with parallel increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids. The swimming behavior in the form of startle response, swirl response, and total movements was decreased with a concomitant decrease in AChE activity. In addition, FEN exhibited significant cardiotoxicity by decreasing the cardiac rate of the exposed individuals. The present findings clearly indicate that FEN can cause significant toxicity to the tadpoles of F. limnocharis affecting their survival and fitness in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Das
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India
| | - Arabinda Patar
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India
| | - Erom Romi Singha
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India
| | - Sagorika Paul
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India
| | - Bishal Kumar Singh
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Environment and Human Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Silchar, India.
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Han S, Liu X, Liu Y, Lu J. Parental exposure to Cypermethrin causes intergenerational toxicity in zebrafish offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173456. [PMID: 38788937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, has been detected in agriculture and aquaculture. However, there is limited knowledge about the transgenerational impacts. This study aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity of CYP on F1 larvae offspring of adult zebrafish exposed to various CYP concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μg/L) for 28 days. The results indicated that CYP accumulated in parental zebrafish, and CYP was below the limit of quantification in offspring. Paternal exposure impacted the hatching rate and heart rate of the F1 generation. Furthermore, CYP significantly impacted the development of swim bladders in progeny and dysregulated the genes relevant to swim bladder development. The neutrophil migrated to the swim bladder. The mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors were also significantly elevated. According to network toxicology, PI3-AKT may be the signaling pathway for CYP-influenced bladder development. Subsequent molecular docking and Western blot analysis showed CYP affected the PI3-AKT signaling pathway. Notably, MK-2206, a specific Akt inhibitor, rescued the CYP-induced damage of swim bladder development in offspring. The present study highlights the potential risks of CYP on the development of offspring and lasting impact in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Morphology and Spatial Multi-omics Technology Platform, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yueyang Road 320, 200031 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Sapana Devi M, Gupta A. Sub-lethal effects of deltamethrin and permethrin resulted in ultrastructural alterations in scales and oxygen uptake changes of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106939. [PMID: 38744122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The present study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the toxicity of sub-lethal concentrations of deltamethrin (0.035, 0.007 and 0.0007 mg L-1) and permethrin (0.93, 0.093 and 0.0093 mg L-1) on the ultrastructure of the scales of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) during a 21 day exposure. The oxygen uptake of the fish during deltamethrin (0.007 and 0.0007 mg L-1) and permethrin (0.093 and 0.0093 mg L-1) exposure was also investigated. The SEM studies revealed abnormal morphological alterations and modifications of fish scales, which were concentration-dependent. Deltamethrin-exposed fish showed severe deformation and fusion of two circuli in different rows, thereby disrupting the normal radii pattern. This fusion was probably caused by the cyanide moiety of the pesticide. On the other hand, permethrin characteristically produced a thick mucus layer over the scale surface. The different concentrations of both the pesticides affected circuli pattern with severe breakage of circuli and loss of lepidonts present over their ridges. Erythrocyte extrusions were also seen at several places over the scale surface. There was significant reduction of oxygen uptake in fish exposed to permethrin at both the concentrations, but in deltamethrin treatments significant reduction occurred only at the higher concentration of 0.007 mg L-1, though this was less than the lower permethrin concentration of 0.0093 mg L-1, and moreover effects of both the pyrethroids on oxygen consumption increased at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisnam Sapana Devi
- Department of Environmental Science, Thambal Marik College, Oinam, Manipur 795134, India.
| | - Abhik Gupta
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
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Tahir R, Samra, Ghaffar A, Afzal F, Qazi IH, Zhao L, Yan H, Kuo H, Khan H, Yang S. Chronic cypermethrin induced toxicity and molecular fate assessment within common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using multiple biomarkers approach and its novel therapeutic detoxification. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142096. [PMID: 38663676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a chemical of emerging concern which has persistent and bioaccumulating impacts as it can be found extensively in freshwater ecosystem and agricultural products. It has exposure risk and toxic effects over human edible fish, as common carp. Four groups were designed for toxicity assessment and detoxification approach: control group (CL), CYP exposure group (CYP), CYP + 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (CMO group), 10% M. oleifera leaves and 10% M. oleifera seeds (MO group). Trial period was forty days during which cohort of 240 fish in CYP and CMO group was exposed to 1/5 of 96h LC50 of CYP (0.1612 μg/L). CYP-exposed carp exhibited lower growth parameters, but carp fed with 10% M. oleifera seeds and leaves showed significant improvement in growth rate (SGR, RGR) and weight gain (WG) as compared to the control group. CYP exposure negatively affected haemato-biochemical parameters. Moreover, CYP exposure also led to oxidative stress, damaged immunological parameters, genotoxicity and histopathological damage in liver and intestinal cells. Whereas, M. oleifera supplementation has ameliorated these conditions. Thereby, supplementation with M. oleifera is potential and novel therapeutic detoxication approach for common carp and human health against persistent and bioaccumulating emerging chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Samra
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - He Kuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hamid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Xu H, Wang J, Wang Q, Tu W, Jin Y. Co-exposure to polystyrene microplastics and cypermethrin enhanced the effects on hepatic phospholipid metabolism and gut microbes in adult zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133051. [PMID: 38016319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can absorb environmental pollutants from the aquatic environment to cause mixed toxicity, which has received widespread attention. However, studies on the joint effects of MPs and insecticides are limited. As one of the most widely used pyrethroids, there was a large amount of residual cypermethrin (CYP) in water due to insufficient decomposition. Here, adult female zebrafish were exposed to MPs, CYP, and their mixtures for 21 days, respectively. After exposures, the MPs and CYP caused tissue damage to the liver. Hepatic triglyceride (TG) level increased significantly after MPs + CYP exposure, and the expression of genes about glycolipids metabolism was significantly altered. Furthermore, metabolome results suggested that MPs + CYP exposure resulted in increased content of some glycerophospholipid, affecting phospholipid metabolism-related pathways. In addition, through 16 s rDNA sequencing, it was found that MPs + CYP led to significant changes in the proportion of dominant phyla. Interestingly, Cetobacterium which increased in CYP and the co-exposure group was positively correlated with most lipid metabolites. Our results suggested that co-exposure to MPs and CYP enhanced the disturbances in hepatic phospholipid metabolism by affecting the gut microbial composition, while these changes were not observed in separate treatment groups. These results emphasized the importance of studying the joint toxicity of MPs and insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigui Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Elbanna R, Osman KA, Salama MS. Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:735-753. [PMID: 37877786 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Elbanna
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher S Salama
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Sakr S, Rashad WA. Lambda-cyhalothrin-induced pancreatic toxicity in adult albino rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11562. [PMID: 37463968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is one of the most frequently utilized pyrethroids. This study aimed to explore the toxic effects of subacute exposure to LCT on the pancreas and the hepatic glucose metabolism in adult male albino rats. 20 rats were equally grouped into; Control group and LCT group. The latter received LCT (61.2 mg/kg b.wt.), orally on a daily basis for 28 days. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for the determination of serum glucose and insulin levels. Pancreases were harvested and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); catalase (CAT); superoxide dismutase (SOD); reduced glutathione (GSH); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); interleukin-6 (IL-6); nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) were assessed. Also, liver samples were analyzed for the activity of glucose metabolism enzymes, glycogen content, and pyruvate and lactate concentrations. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of pancreatic tissues were undertaken as well. Results revealed hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, increased MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB levels, in association with reduced CAT, SOD, GSH, Nrf2, and HO-1 levels in LCT group. Liver analyses demonstrated a clear disturbance in the hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism, diminished glycogen content, decreased pyruvate, and increased lactate concentrations. Besides, pancreatic islets displayed degenerative changes and β-cells loss. Immunohistochemistry revealed diminished area percentage (%) of insulin and Nrf2 and increased TNF-α immunoreaction. In conclusion, subacute exposure to LCT induces pancreatic toxicity, mostly via oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms, and dysregulates hepatic glucose metabolism in albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sakr
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A Rashad
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Diogo BS, Antunes SC, Rodrigues S. Are biopesticides safe for the environment? Effects of pyrethrum extract on the non-target species Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104114. [PMID: 37001686 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biopesticides are natural compounds considered more safe and sustainable for the environment. However, it is also important to evaluate the potential risk in non-target organisms. Pyrethrum extract (PE) is a biopesticide, widely used for agriculture, veterinary, and aquaculture. This work aimed to evaluate acute (0.6 - 40.0 µg/L; 96 h; E(L)C50 toxicity) and sub-chronic (0.7 - 1.1 µg/L; 10 d; life-history parameters) effects of PE on Daphnia magna. Moreover, a biomarkers approach using antioxidant and biotransformation capacity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), neurotoxicity, and energy reserves content were evaluated. Acute effects (mortality, changes in swimming behavior, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, neurotoxicity) were recorded with the increase in PE concentration. Sub-chronic assay showed an increase in energy reserves content, antioxidant parameters, and LPO demonstrating that PE unbalances oxidative metabolism. This study can conclude that PE potentiates toxic effects in D. magna and demonstrates the vulnerability of a non-target organism to PE that is considered environmentally safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Diogo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Arslan P. Pyrethroid-induced oxidative stress and biochemical changes in the primary mussel cell cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48484-48490. [PMID: 36763268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the most widely used insecticides. Permethrin and tetramethrin, which are synthetic pyrethroids, are generally used to control insects in agricultural areas and household applications. Due to broad use areas, they contaminate aquatic ecosystems and cause adverse effects to the non-target aquatic organisms. Even though permethrin and tetramethrin are known to alter the oxidative stress parameters of in vivo aquatic animal model organisms, there are limited studies in vitro. This study aims to determine the adverse effects of permethrin and tetramethrin in the in vitro models of freshwater mussels exposed to 1 mg/L, 10 μg/L, 100 ng/L and 1 ng/L concentrations of chemicals for 24 h. For this purpose, reduced glutathione activities were evaluated as biomarkers of the primary gill and digestive gland cell cultures. In both cell cultures, reduced glutathione values increased in the exposed groups, compared to the control group. Even though the results showed that reduced glutathione activities had not significantly changed concentration-dependently (p > 0.05), significant differences were observed in the reduced glutathione activities of both cell cultures (p < 0.05). This study showed that permethrin and tetramethrin had highly toxic effects in the in vitro models of mussels even at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
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Borowik A, Wyszkowska J, Zaborowska M, Kucharski J. The Impact of Permethrin and Cypermethrin on Plants, Soil Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032892. [PMID: 36769219 PMCID: PMC9917378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroids are insecticides most commonly used for insect control to boost agricultural production. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on cultured and non-cultivated bacteria and fungi and on the activity of soil enzymes, as well as to determine the usefulness of Zea mays in mitigating the adverse effects of the tested pyrethroids on the soil microbiome. The analyses were carried out in the samples of both soil not sown with any plant and soil sown with Zea mays. Permethrin and cypermethrin were found to stimulate the multiplication of cultured organotrophic bacteria (on average by 38.3%) and actinomycetes (on average by 80.2%), and to inhibit fungi growth (on average by 31.7%) and the enzymatic activity of the soil, reducing the soil biochemical fertility index (BA) by 27.7%. They also modified the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla and the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. The pressure of permethrin and cypermethrin was tolerated well by the bacteria Sphingomonas (clone 3214512, 1052559, 237613, 1048605) and Bacillus (clone New.ReferenceOTU111, 593219, 578257), and by the fungi Penicillium (SH1533734.08FU, SH1692798.08FU) and Trichocladium (SH1615601.08FU). Both insecticides disturbed the growth and yielding of Zea mays, as a result of which its yield and leaf greenness index decreased. The cultivation of Zea mays had a positive effect on both soil enzymes and soil microorganisms and mitigated the anomalies caused by the tested insecticides in the microbiome and activity of soil enzymes. Permethrin decreased the yield of its aerial parts by 37.9% and its roots by 33.9%, whereas respective decreases caused by cypermethrin reached 16.8% and 4.3%.
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Microbial elimination of pyrethroids: specific strains and involved enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6915-6932. [PMID: 36184691 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids, which are synthetic organic insecticides, are widely used in agriculture and households to resist pests and control disease transmission. However, pyrethroids have inevitably caused environmental pollution, leading to concerns for food safety and human health. Bioremediation has emerged as one of the most promising methods to eliminate pyrethroids compounds. Pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms and the relevant enzymes have shown an efficient ability in degrading pyrethroids by hydrolyzing the ester linkage. In this review, a wide variety of pyrethroid-degrading strains were presented and classified from different sources, such as wastewater, soils, and oceans. In addition, the recombinant expression, enzyme identification, and molecular modification of these microbial pyrethroid-degrading enzymes were also compared and discussed in detail. Moreover, the potential applications of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes, including immobilization and biodegradation towards a series of pyrethroids, were also presented. All of the positive results obtained from this review could be a good guideline for the other research in this field. KEY POINTS: • Distribution of pyrethroid-degrading strains in different sources was summarized. • Enzymatic properties including pH, temperature, and substrate specificity were compared. • Promising molecular modification and immobilization of hydrolases were present.
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Santos GPCD, Assis CRDD, Oliveira VM, Cahu TB, Silva VL, Santos JF, Yogui GT, Bezerra RS. Acetylcholinesterase from the charru mussel Mytella charruana: kinetic characterization, physicochemical properties and potential as in vitro biomarker in environmental monitoring of mollusk extraction areas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109225. [PMID: 34744030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) from aquatic organisms have been used to evaluate the exposure of specimens to pesticides and heavy metals at sublethal levels in environmental samples. AChE of Mytella charruana was extracted to characterize its physicochemical and kinetic properties as well as the effect of organophosphate (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, methyl-parathion and temephos), carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran and aldicarb), benzoylureas (diflubenzuron and novaluron), pyrethroid (cypermethrin) and juvenile hormone analog - JHA (pyriproxyfen) and the effect of metal ions: Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+, in order to evaluate the potential of the enzyme as biomarker. The optimum pH of M. charruana AChE was 8.5 and the maximum activity peak occurred at 48 °C, being highly thermostable maintaining 97.8% of its activity after incubation at 60 °C. The Michaelis-Menten constants (km) for the substrates acetylthiocholine and propionylthiocholine were 2.8 ± 1.26 and 4.94 ± 6.9 mmol·L-1, respectively. The Vmax values for the same substrates were 22.6 ± 0.90 and 10.2 ± 4.94 mU·mg-1, respectively. Specific inhibition results suggest an AChE presenting active site with dimensions between those of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The IC20 values related to the effect of the pesticides on the enzyme showed higher inhibitory power of temephos (0.17 μmol·L-1), followed by aldicarb (0.19 μmol·L-1) and diflubenzuron (0.23 μmol·L-1). Metal ions inhibited M. charruana enzyme in the following order: Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+ > As3+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+. These data suggest that the enzyme showed potential as in vitro biomarker of the exposure to temephos, mercury, zinc and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Pereira Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco - ITEP, Recife, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigo Dias de Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - DFF, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisioecologia em Aquicultura - LAFAq and Laboratório de Sistemas de Produção Aquícola - LAPAq, Departamento Pesca e Aquicultura - DEPAq, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia - DOCEAN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Vagne Melo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos - LABTECBIO, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal - DMFA, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barbosa Cahu
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - DFF, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Santos
- Laboratório de Fisioecologia em Aquicultura - LAFAq and Laboratório de Sistemas de Produção Aquícola - LAPAq, Departamento Pesca e Aquicultura - DEPAq, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia - DOCEAN, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ranilson Souza Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica - DBIOq, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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13
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Bej S, Ghosh K, Chatterjee A, Saha NC. Assessment of biochemical, hematological and behavioral biomarkers of Cyprinus carpio on exposure to a type-II pyrethroid insecticide Alpha-cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103717. [PMID: 34314872 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed some important physiological biomarkers of freshwater edible fish Cyprinus carpio following exposure to 10 % (T1) and 20 % (T2) sublethal concentrations of Alpha-cypermethrin (A-cyp) over a total period of 45 days. Behavioral responses were noticed and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were prepared during acute toxicity study. Total serum protein concentration, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total leukocytes count were decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the blood glucose, total serum lipid concentration, and clotting time were increased significantly (p < 0.05) over control. The most affected fish group and most significantly altered biomarker under toxic stress of A-cyp were identified using integrated biomarker response (IBR). The biomarker response index (BRI) values measured the overall health status of the treated fish and indicated that moderate adverse effects were exerted on the fish group exposed to T2 for 45 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bej
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Sector I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, 700064 West Bengal, India; Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713 104 West Bengal, India; Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India.
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, 713 104 West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Chatterjee
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India.
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14
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Jiménez K, Solano K, Scholz C, Redondo-López S, Mena F. Early Toxic Effects in a Central American Native Fish (Parachromis dovii) Exposed to Chlorpyrifos and Difenoconazole. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1940-1949. [PMID: 33749893 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Costa Rica, agriculture is one of the most important economic activities. Chlorpyrifos and difenoconazole have been identified as agrochemicals widely used in banana and pineapple crops in the Caribbean area of the country and are constantly recorded in aquatic ecosystems. The toxicity of these pesticides in Parachromis dovii was studied. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for each substance were obtained from 96-h acute tests. Then, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of both substances (10% of LC50), individually and in mixture, to evaluate biomarker responses. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities as well as lipid peroxidation were measured in liver and gill tissues as markers of biotransformation and oxidative stress processes. Cholinesterase activity in brain and muscle tissue was also quantified as a biomarker of toxicity. The LC50s were 55.34 μg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 51.06-59.98) for chlorpyrifos and 3250 μg/L (95% CI 2770-3810) for difenoconazole. Regarding the biomarkers, a significant inhibition of brain and muscle cholinesterase activity was recorded in fish exposed to 5.50 μg/L of chlorpyrifos. This activity was not affected when fish were exposed to the mixture of chlorpyrifos with difenoconazole. Significant changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity were observed in fish exposed to 325 μg/L of difenoconazole, whereas fish exposed to the mixture showed a significant increase in EROD activity in the liver. These results suggest harmful effects of chlorpyrifos insecticide at environmentally relevant concentrations. There is also evidence for an interaction of the 2 substances that affects the biotransformation metabolism at sublethal levels of exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1940-1949. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Jiménez
- Master's Program in Tropical Ecotoxicology, Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Karla Solano
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carola Scholz
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Freylan Mena
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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15
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Bilal RM, Gewida AGA, Dhama K, Abdel-Latif HMR, Amer MS, Rivero-Perez N, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Binnaser YS, Batiha GES, Naiel MAE. An Overview on the Potential Hazards of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Fish, with Special Emphasis on Cypermethrin Toxicity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071880. [PMID: 34201914 PMCID: PMC8300353 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in controlling agricultural insects and treatment of ectoparasitic infestation in farm animals. However, the unhygienic disposable and seepage of pyrethroids from the agricultural runoff will lead to contamination of the aquatic ecosystems, which will, in turn, induce harmful toxic effects in the exposed living aquatic organisms, including fish. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a commonly and widely used type II pyrethroid insecticide with known dangerous toxic effects on the exposed organisms. Serious hazardous effects of these toxicants have been reported in several fish species leading to high mortalities and economic losses of the exposed fish. Abstract Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, such as aquatic weeds, insects, aquatic snails, and plant diseases. They are extensively used in forestry, agriculture, veterinary practices, and of great public health importance. Pesticides can be categorized according to their use into three major types (namely insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides). Water contamination by pesticides is known to induce harmful impacts on the production, reproduction, and survivability of living aquatic organisms, such as algae, aquatic plants, and fish (shellfish and finfish species). The literature and information present in this review article facilitate evaluating the toxic effects from exposure to various fish species to different concentrations of pesticides. Moreover, a brief overview of sources, classification, mechanisms of action, and toxicity signs of pyrethroid insecticides in several fish species will be illustrated with special emphasis on Cypermethrin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Rana M. Bilal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus, IUB, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed G. A. Gewida
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, India;
| | - Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud S. Amer
- Laser Application in Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Laser-Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hgo, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (N.R.-P.); (M.A.E.N.)
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo 43600, Hgo, Mexico;
| | - Yaser S. Binnaser
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.R.-P.); (M.A.E.N.)
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16
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Santana MS, Sandrini-Neto L, Di Domenico M, Prodocimo MM. Pesticide effects on fish cholinesterase variability and mean activity: A meta-analytic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143829. [PMID: 33248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish cholinesterases (ChEs) - like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) - are common biomarkers of environmental contamination due to their sensitivity to a variety of toxicants. To understand pesticide effects on fish ChEs mean activity and variability, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. Our goal was to verify (i) if brain and muscle ChEs responded differently to pesticide exposure; (ii) how fish size and life stage (i.e., juvenile and adult) influence ChEs variability and mean activity; (iii) what type of pesticides (i.e., herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide) has the strongest effect, and if the analytical-grade compounds differ from commercial formulations; (iv) if increasing concentrations combined with prolonged exposure leads to stronger ChEs inhibition; and (v) how each class of pesticide affects these enzymes. We validated ChEs reliability as biomarkers and identified factors influencing their response. Regardless of tissue, BChE response was more variable than AChE, and no difference between their average activity was detected. The size of juvenile fish is an important factor affecting ChEs mean activity and variability, whereas pesticide had no significant effect on adult fish ChEs. Insecticides were stronger inhibitors compared to herbicides and fungicides. Analytical-grade compounds decreased ChEs mean activity to a higher degree than commercial formulations. The combined effect of concentration and time was only significant for fungicides and insecticides. Among classes, organophosphorus insecticides had the strongest effect on ChEs, followed by carbamates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids. Organophosphorus herbicides and oxazolidinones were the only herbicides to decrease ChEs mean activity significantly, and their effects were similar from those of pyrethroids and organochlorines. Additionally, our results identified research gaps, such as the small number of studies on fungicides, neonicotinoids and other relevant pesticides. These findings suggest future directions, which might help researchers identify robust cause-effect relationships between fish ChEs and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Santana
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Sandrini-Neto
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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17
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Sharma A, Shukla A, Attri K, Kumar M, Kumar P, Suttee A, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Singla N. Global trends in pesticides: A looming threat and viable alternatives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110812. [PMID: 32512419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used chemical compounds in agriculture to destroy insects, pests and weeds. In modern era, they form an indispensable part of agricultural and health practices. Globally, nearly 3 billion kg of pesticides are used every year with a budget of ~40 billion USD. This extensive usage has increased the crop yield as well as led to significant reduction in harvest losses and thereby, enhanced food availability. On the other hand, indiscriminate usage of these chemicals has led to several environmental implications and caused adverse effects on human health. Epidemiological evidences have revealed the harmful effects of pesticides exposure on various organs including liver, brain, lungs and colon. Recent investigations have shown that pesticides can also lead to fatal consequences such as cancer among individuals. These chemicals enter ecosystem, thus hampering the sensitive environmental equilibrium through bio-accumulation. Due to their non-biodegradable nature, they can persist in nature for years and are regarded as potent biohazard. Worldwide, very few surveillance methods have been considered, which can bring awareness among the individuals, therefore the present review is an attempt to delineate consequences induced by various types of pesticide exposure on the environment. Further, the prospective of biopesticides use could facilitate the increase of crop production without compromising human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ananya Shukla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kriti Attri
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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18
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Bhatt P, Bhatt K, Huang Y, Lin Z, Chen S. Esterase is a powerful tool for the biodegradation of pyrethroid insecticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125507. [PMID: 31835049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and household applications of pyrethroid insecticides have significantly increased residual concentrations in living cells and environments. The enhanced concentration is toxic for living beings. Pyrethroid hydrolase enzyme (pyrethroid catalyzing esterase) regulates pyrethroid degradation, and has been well reported in various organisms (bacteria, fungi, insects and animals). Hydrolysis mechanisms of these esterases are different from others and properly function at factors viz., optimum temperature, pH and physicochemical environment. Active site of the enzyme contains common amino acids that play important role in pyrethroid catalysis. Immobilization technology emphasizes the development of better reusable efficiency of pyrethroid hydrolases to carry out large-scale applications for complete degradation of pyrethroids from the environments. In this review we have attempted to provide insights of pyrethroid-degrading esterases in different living systems along with complete mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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19
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Zhan H, Huang Y, Lin Z, Bhatt P, Chen S. New insights into the microbial degradation and catalytic mechanism of synthetic pyrethroids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109138. [PMID: 32069744 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The significant applications of pyrethroid insecticides in agro-ecosystem and household environments have raised serious environmental concerns. Environmental bioremediation has emerged as an effective and eco-friendly approach to remove or neutralize hazardous compounds. Bioaugmentation accelerates pyrethroid degradation in liquid cultures and soil. Pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms have been extensively studied to cope with pyrethroid residues. Microorganisms primarily hydrolyze the ester bonds of pyrethroids, and their degradation pathways have been elaborated. The functional genes and enzymes involved in microbial degradation have also been screened and studied. Carboxylesterase plays a key role in pyrethroid degradation by cleaving its carboxylester linkage. The catalytic mechanism is dependent on a specific catalytic triad, consisting of three amino acid residues (glutamine, histidine, and serine) within the active site of the carboxylesterase enzyme. Pyrethroid-degrading strains and enzymes have proven to be effective for the bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environments. In this review, we have summarized newly isolated pyrethroid-degrading strains and proposed the degradation pathways along with key functional genes/enzymes. To develop an efficient bioremediation strategy, pyrethroid-degrading microorganisms should be comprehensively explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yaohua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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20
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Yang WK, Chiang LF, Tan SW, Chen PJ. Environmentally relevant concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exposure alter larval growth and locomotion in medaka fish via multiple pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:512-522. [PMID: 29864665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer, with evidence of ubiquitous human exposure and widespread occurrence in the aquatic environment. It is an emerging environmental pollutant with regulatory priority; however, most studies have focused on the toxicity of DEHP related to endocrine disruption and reproduction in mammals. The ecotoxicological impact of phthalates (e.g., DEHP) on early life stages of fish under environmentally relevant concentrations of chronic exposure remains unclear. In this study, 7-day post-hatching fry of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) underwent 21-day continuous exposure to DEHP solutions at 20, 100 and 200 μg/L to assess the effects on fish development and locomotion and related toxic mechanisms. Larval mortality was low with DEHP (20-200 μg/L) within 21 days, but such exposure significantly reduced fish body weight and length and altered swimming behavior. At 21 days, DEHP exposure resulted in specific patterns of larval locomotion (e.g., increased maximum velocity and absolute turn angle) and dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase (ache) but did not alter AChE activity. Transcriptional expression of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor and retinoid X receptor genes was significantly suppressed with 21-day DEHP exposure (20-200 μg/L), with marginal alteration in reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant activities within the dosing period. As well, DEHP altered the mRNA expression of p53-regulated apoptosis pathways, such as upregulated p53, p21 and bcl-2 and downregulated caspase-3 expression, with increased enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in larvae. Our results suggest that toxic mechanisms of waterborne DEHP altered fish growth and locomotion likely via a combined effect of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chiang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Tan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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21
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AnvariFar H, Amirkolaie AK, Jalali AM, Miandare HK, Sayed AH, Üçüncü Sİ, Ouraji H, Ceci M, Romano N. Environmental pollution and toxic substances: Cellular apoptosis as a key parameter in a sensible model like fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY 2018; 204:144-159. [PMID: 30273782 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The industrial wastes, sewage effluents, agricultural run-off and decomposition of biological waste may cause high environmental concentration of chemicals that can interfere with the cell cycle activating the programmed process of cells death (apoptosis). In order to provide a detailed understanding of environmental pollutants-induced apoptosis, here we reviewed the current knowledge on the interactions of environmental chemicals and programmed cell death. Metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, zinc, copper, mercury and silver) as well as other chemicals including bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and pesticides (organo-phosphated, organo-chlorinated, carbamates, phyretroids and biopesticides) were evaluated in relation to apoptotic pathways, heat shock proteins and metallothioneins. Although research performed over the past decades has improved our understanding of processes involved in apoptosis in fish, yet there is lack of knowledge on associations between environmental pollutants and apoptosis. Thus, this review could be useful tool to study the cytotoxic/apoptotic effects of different pollutants in fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein AnvariFar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran; University of Applied Science and Technology, Provincial Unit, P.O. Box: 4916694338, Golestan, Iran
| | - A K Amirkolaie
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali M Jalali
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran; Sturgeon Affairs Management, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran; Center for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - H K Miandare
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, 49138-15739, Iran
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sema İşisağ Üçüncü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hossein Ouraji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran
| | - Marcello Ceci
- Department Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Tuscia University, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Tuscia University, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
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22
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Yurdakök-Dikmen B, Vejselova D, Kutlu HM, Filazi A, Erkoç F. Effects of synthetic pyrethroids on RTG-2 cells. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1366922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Yurdakök-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Djanan Vejselova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - H. Mehtap Kutlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Erkoç
- Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Groh KJ, Carvalho RN, Chipman JK, Denslow ND, Halder M, Murphy CA, Roelofs D, Rolaki A, Schirmer K, Watanabe KH. Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: II. A focus on growth impairment in fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:778-792. [PMID: 25456049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) organize knowledge on the progression of toxicity through levels of biological organization. By determining the linkages between toxicity events at different levels, AOPs lay the foundation for mechanism-based alternative testing approaches to hazard assessment. Here, we focus on growth impairment in fish to illustrate the initial stages in the process of AOP development for chronic toxicity outcomes. Growth is an apical endpoint commonly assessed in chronic toxicity tests for which a replacement is desirable. Based on several criteria, we identified reduction in food intake to be a suitable key event for initiation of middle-out AOP development. To start exploring the upstream and downstream links of this key event, we developed three AOP case studies, for pyrethroids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cadmium. Our analysis showed that the effect of pyrethroids and SSRIs on food intake is strongly linked to growth impairment, while cadmium causes a reduction in growth due to increased metabolic demands rather than changes in food intake. Locomotion impairment by pyrethroids is strongly linked to their effects on food intake and growth, while for SSRIs their direct influence on appetite may play a more important role. We further discuss which alternative tests could be used to inform on the predictive key events identified in the case studies. In conclusion, our work demonstrates how the AOP concept can be used in practice to assess critically the knowledge available for specific chronic toxicity cases and to identify existing knowledge gaps and potential alternative tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Raquel N Carvalho
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Water Resources Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Nancy D Denslow
- University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology and Genetics Institute, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marlies Halder
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Systems Toxicology Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Cheryl A Murphy
- Michigan State University, Fisheries and Wildlife, Lyman Briggs College, 48824 East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dick Roelofs
- VU University, Institute of Ecological Science, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Rolaki
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Systems Toxicology Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen H Watanabe
- Oregon Health & Science University, Institute of Environmental Health, Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, 97239-3098 Portland, OR, USA
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