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Daniel AI, Smith E, Al-Hashimi A, Gokul A, Keyster M, Klein A. Mechanistic insight into the anti-alternaria activity of bimetallic zinc oxide and silver/zinc oxide nanoparticles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31330. [PMID: 38803897 PMCID: PMC11129099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is an opportunistic phytopathogen that negatively impact the growth and production of a wide variety of host plants. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal potential of biogenic ZnO, and bimetallic silver and zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using seed extract of Abrus precatorious and characterized using different analytical tools. In vitro antifungal potentials of ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were carried out using the food poison technique. Morphological and ultrastructure of the A. alternata treated with the nanoparticles were carried out using high resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy (HRSEM and HRTEM). In addition, changes in polysaccharide production, chitin content and enzymatic (cellulase and lipase) activities of A. alternata were assayed. Double peak signifying a UVmax of 353.88 and 417.25 nm representing Ag and ZnO respectively was formed in the bimetallic nanoparticles. HRSEM and HRTEM results shows agglomerated nanoparticles with particle and crystallite size of 23.94 and 16.84 nm for ZnO nanoparticles, 35.12 and 28.99 nm for Ag/ZnO nanoparticles respectively. In vitro antifungal assay shows a significant concentration-dependent inhibition (p < 0.05) of A. alternata mycelia with highest percentage inhibition of 73.93 % (ZnO nanoparticles) and 68.26 % (Ag/ZnO nanoparticles) at 200 ppm. HRSEM and HRTEM micrographs of the treated A. alternata mycelia shows alteration of the cellular structure, clearance of the cytoplasmic organelles and localization of the nanoparticles within the cell. A. alternata treated with 200 ppm nanoparticles show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the polysaccharides and chitin contents, cellulase and lipase activities. The results suggests that ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles mode of action may be via alteration of the fungal cell wall through the inhibition of polysaccharides, chitin, cellulases and lipases synthesis. ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles may be a promising tool for the management and control of disease causing fungal phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Innalegwu Daniel
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Enriquay Smith
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ali Al-Hashimi
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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El-Sakhawy MA, El-sehrawy MG, Waggiallah HA, Ibrahim AM, Ateya AAES. Appraisal and characterization of candida load isolated from the oral cavity of smokers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103657. [PMID: 37187935 PMCID: PMC10176073 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is regarded as a major global health risk, therefore the aim of this work was to investigate the association of oral Candida spp. as one of the etiological agents of denture stomatitis with smokers of cigarette, hookah (shisha), and electronic smoking, also a dose-response relationship between the duration of smoking and the probability of denture stomatitis between volunteers. Oral rinse samples were collected from 47 male volunteers including 34 smokers and 13 non-smokers, also data of volunteers were collected via a questionnaire forum. Patterns of smoking were shown that smokers using tobacco cigarettes 17 (36.2 %), electronic cigarettes 16 (34.04 %), and hookah smokers 8 (17.02 %). A comparison of smokers and non-smokers regarding effects on oral health showed significantly finding (P < 0.05) indicating that smoking affects oral health in all evaluated parameters (an oral mucosal abnormality, mouth ulcers, bad breath, and feeling of dry mouth). Out of 19 Candida isolates, 18 (94.7 %) were identified as Candida albicans and 1 (5.3 %) as Candida tropicalis. Among the volunteers who presented with oral Candida (19 volunteers), 17 (89.5%) were smokers, while non-smoker volunteers were 2 (10.5 %), so it can be concluded that smoking was a significant positive correlation to the presence of Candida in the oral cavity. Five volunteers suffered from chronic diseases; 4 (8.5%) diabetes mellitus and 1 (2.1%) anemia as a systemic predisposing factor for oropharyngeal infection. Amphotericin and Nystatin had varying degrees of activity against isolated Candida isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia and Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-sehrawy
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Hisham Ali Waggiallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateya Megahed Ibrahim
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ali El-Sherbiny Ateya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Edel J, Grinstein-Koren O, Winocur-Arias O, Kaplan I, Schnaiderman-Shapiro A, Buchner A, Vered M, Zlotogorski-Hurvitz A. Unexpected Candidal Hyphae in Oral Mucosa Lesions-A Clinico-Pathological Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101386. [PMID: 36290044 PMCID: PMC9598629 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral mucosal biopsies might harbor candidal hyphae (CH) in the absence of any clinical signs or symptoms. Aim: To assess oral mucosa biopsies for the frequency of unexpected CH and characterize their clinico-pathological features. Materials and Methods: All biopsy reports (2004−2019) were searched using CH/candida/candidiasis as key words. Cases with clinical diagnosis of oral candidiasis (OC) were excluded. Demographic data, health status, smoking habits, clinical features and diagnoses were collected. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test; significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of all the biopsies, 100 (1.05%) reported microscopical evidence of CH without typical clinical signs/symptoms of OC. Fifteen cases were from healthy, non-smoking patients. CH was common on buccal mucosa (38%) and lateral tongue (23%). The tip of tongue (OR = 54.5, 95% CI 9.02−329.4, p < 0.001) and lateral tongue (OR = 3.83, 95% CI 2.4−6.09, p < 0.001) were more likely to harbor CH-positive lesions. CH-positive lesions were diagnosed as epithelial hyperplasia (55%) and exophytic reactive lesions (30%). No correlation was found between CH and the grade of epithelial dysplasia. Conclusions: Microscopic evidence of CH embedded into oral epithelium without typical signs/symptoms of OC is rare, especially in healthy, non-smokers. Since CH was occasionally found in oral sites prone to local trauma and in association with reactive lesions, in absence of host co-morbidities, the contribution of local mechanical forces to CH embedment cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Edel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Osnat Grinstein-Koren
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Orit Winocur-Arias
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ilana Kaplan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Anna Schnaiderman-Shapiro
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Amos Buchner
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Fungi—A Component of the Oral Microbiome Involved in Periodontal Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:113-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Manpreet K, Ajmal MB, Raheel SA, Saleem MC, Mubeen K, Gaballah K, Faden A, Kujan O. Oral health status among transgender young adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:575. [PMID: 34772385 PMCID: PMC8588739 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people are a marginalized set of the population that continues to experience health care inequalities. This study aimed to assess oral health parameters including Candida growth and intensity among TGNC adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited two subgroups: 40 transgender and 40 control adults. Consented participants were interviewed and clinically examined. Data using the WHO oral health assessment forms were obtained. Samples for Candida growth and intensity analysis were collected from the dorsum surface of the tongue. RESULTS 27.5% of the transgender group was HIV seropositive. Oral nicotine stomatitis and leukoplakia are reported to be the most prevalent intra-oral lesions showing a prevalence of 27.5% and 20%, respectively. The dental and periodontal health parameters of the transgender group were worse than those of the control group. The intensity of Candida colonies was significantly higher in the test group (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Poor oral health and significant oral mucosal disorders were reported in transgender adults that have shown a higher rate of behavioral risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. Further longitudinal studies in different world regions are warranted to understand the barriers to good oral health in transgender adults and how to implement effective prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaur Manpreet
- Kodagu District Hospital, Madikeri, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Syed Ahmed Raheel
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KGF College of Dental Sciences, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Kamis Gaballah
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asmaa Faden
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Kujan
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences Division, UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Osman M, Papon N. Smoking-aggravated oral candidiasis: Nrf2 pathway dampens NLRP3 inflammasome. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9473-9475. [PMID: 34486221 PMCID: PMC8500950 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While cigarette smoke compounds are known to have immunosuppressive effects on the oral mucosa, the relationship between in vivo immune dysfunction caused by smoking and the development of oral Candida infections remains largely unexplored. In a recent issue of The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ye and colleagues provide evidence that smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which in turn negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome. This opens new perspective in considering Nrf2 as a relevant target for smoking‐induced C. albicans‐related oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Papon
- GEIHP, SFR ICAT, University of Brest, University of Angers, Angers, France
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Bachtiar BM, Gani BA, Deviana A, Utami NR, Andriyani AD, Bachtiar EW. The Discrepancy between Clove and Non-Clove Cigarette Smoke-Promoted Candida albicans Biofilm Formation with Precoating RNA-aptamer. F1000Res 2021; 10:372. [PMID: 34367616 PMCID: PMC8311812 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52266.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of precoating aptamer (Ca-apt1) on
C. albicans viability while the fungus was growing in the presence of exposing condensed cigarette smoke (CSC), prepared from clove (CCSC) and non-clove (NCSC) cigarettes, for 48 h. Using qPCR, we found that mRNA expression of adhesion-associated genes (
ALS3 and HWP1) was impaired by precoating
C. albicans yeast cells with the aptamer. Conversely, the gene transcription was upregulated when aptamer-uncoated yeast was pre-treated with either CSC. In addition, by analysing the result of MTT ([3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, we found that the presence of added CCSC or NCSC in growth medium for 48 h was significantly enhanced
C. albicans biofilm development. However, the presence of precoated aptamer was significantly impaired biofilm development accelerated by the NCSC. The inhibitory effect of the Ca-apt1 was not dependent on the precoated aptamer (1ng/μL and 10 ng/μL). Interestingly, we noted that the enhancer effect of treated CCSC was no longer effective when the yeast had been precoated with 10 ng/μL aptamer tested. Additionally, light microscopy analysis revealed that precoating aptamer alleviates morphological changes of
C. albicans (from yeast to hypha formation) that are enhanced by adding CCSC or NCSC in the growth medium. In conclusion, these results suggest that administration on Ca-ap1 exhibits a significant protective effect on CSC-induced biofilm formation by
C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy Muchlis Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Basri A Gani
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Syah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Nagroe Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Astri Deviana
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Rilo Utami
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anissa Dien Andriyani
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
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Kadam S, Vandana M, Patwardhan S, Kaushik KS. Looking beyond the smokescreen: can the oral microbiome be a tool or target in the management of tobacco-associated oral cancer? Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1179. [PMID: 33777172 PMCID: PMC7987485 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of microbes inhabit the oral cavity, and bacterial and fungal communities most often exist as structured communities or biofilms. The use of tobacco alters the structure of the oral microbiome, including that of potentially malignant lesions, and the altered oral microbiome influences key microenvironmental changes such as chronic inflammation, secretion of carcinogenic toxins, cellular and tissue remodelling and suppression of apoptosis. Given this, it is clear that the bacterial and fungal biofilms in potentially malignant states are likely not passive entities, but could play a critical role in shaping potential malignant and carcinogenic conditions. This holds potential towards leveraging the oral microbiome for the management of tobacco-associated potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer. Here, we explore this line of investigation by reviewing the effects of tobacco in shaping the oral microbiome, and analyse the available evidence in the light of the microbiome of oral potentially malignant and cancerous lesions, and the role of dysbiosis in carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss possible interventions and approaches using which the oral microbiome could be leveraged towards precision-based oral cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Kadam
- Human-Relevant Infection Biology Group, Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Madhusoodhanan Vandana
- Human-Relevant Infection Biology Group, Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Sudhanshu Patwardhan
- Centre for Health Research and Education, University of Southampton Science Park, Chilworth, Hampshire SO16 7NP, UK
| | - Karishma S Kaushik
- Human-Relevant Infection Biology Group, Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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Clinical Characteristics and Manifestations of Fungal Esophagitis: A Single-Center Experience in South China. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:8869494. [PMID: 33531895 PMCID: PMC7834832 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8869494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal esophagitis is a common infectious disease, although the pathogenic clinical characteristics remain incompletely clear, especially in South China. The goal of this study was to investigate the pathogenic clinical characteristics of fungal esophagitis and the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies at a tertiary hospital in South China. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2007 to December 2017. Data from 113,390 patients who were treated in the endoscopic unit were retrieved and analyzed. To further understand the pathogen and risk factors for fungal esophagitis, we performed a case-control analysis of 101 patients and 202 controls. Of the 113,390 patients, 932 (0.82%) were positive. The annual detection rate ranged from 0.345% to 1.106%, showing an initially increasing and subsequently decreasing trend. The patients' median age was 49 years (range from 8 to 85), and most were men (615/932, 65.99%). Candida albicans was found in samples collected from 36 patients, without any drug-resistant strains. Age (P = 0.018), malignancy (OR = 4.031, 95% CI: 1.562~10.407), cigarette smoking (OR = 3.017, 95% CI: 1.645~5.533), and the use of antibiotics (OR = 2.178, 95% CI: 1.078~4.400) or immunosuppressants (OR = 6.525, 95% CI: 1.089~39.105) were independently associated with esophageal candidiasis. Fluconazole had a better curative effect than nystatin (OR = 4.047, 95% CI: 1.282~12.772) or simple observation (OR = 8.91, 95% CI: 2.61~30.49). In conclusion, fungal esophagitis primarily affects men and elderly individuals; it develops in the setting of malignancy, smoking, and certain previous medication use. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen and is sensitive to antifungal agents. Fluconazole has a good therapeutic effect.
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Muhammad Sani F, Abdullahi IN, Sunday Animasaun O, Elisha Ghamba P, Umar Anka A, Oluwafemi Salami M, Dangana A, Ohinoyi Amadu D, Iherue Osuji A. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Fungal Pathogens among Symptomatic Patients with or without Tuberculosis at Gombe, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.3.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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You P, Liu Y, Wang X, Li B, Wu W, Tang L. Acellular pericardium: A naturally hierarchical, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive biomaterial for guided bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:132-145. [PMID: 32441432 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is great demand for an improved barrier membrane with osteogenic potential for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Natural acellular porcine pericardium (APP) is increasingly used in regenerative medicine as a kind of common extracellular matrix materials. This study aimed to investigate its potential application in GBR, especially its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Bio-Gide (BG), a commercial collagen membrane, was set as the control group. APP samples were characterized by physicochemical analyses and their biological effects on human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were also examined. Additionally, the osteogenic potential of APP was tested on a bilateral critical-sized calvarial defect model. We discovered that the smooth surface of APP tended to recruit more hBMSCs. Moreover, promoted proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was detected on this side of APP, with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulated expression of bone-specific genes. Besides, the rough side of APP showed good biocompatibility and barrier function with hGFs. Histologic observation and analysis of calvarial defect healing over 4 weeks revealed enhanced bone regeneration under APP compared with BG and the control group. The results of this study indicate that APP is a potential osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterial for GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue You
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Wu
- Department of Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, No.22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
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12
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Ye P, Wang X, Ge S, Chen W, Wang W, Han X. Long-term cigarette smoking suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in oral mucosal epithelium and attenuates host defense against Candida albicans in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108597. [PMID: 30851547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection are epidemiological risk factors for oral diseases, such as oral leukoplakia (OLK). Smoking-induced inflammation and immune modulation are potentially important mechanisms in the development of diseases, although the biological mechanism of how CS exposure impacts host defenses has not been elucidated. The critical components of host defense, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and IL-1β, are required for normal immune function in order to efficiently control infection. This paper studies the molecular mechanism of the immune-suppressive effect of CS on the oral mucosa of animal models. Rats were exposed to intraoral CS to simulate active human smoking and/or to C. albicans for 3 months or 6 months, and their ability to control the infection of C. albicans was examined. The CS and C. albicans co-exposed rats showed early stage lesions of OLK and were more susceptible to C. albicans than those in the C. albicans-exposed group. CS caused a reduced expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and diminished the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 maturing by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which were stimulated by C. albicans. CS and immune suppression appear to be closely interwoven at multiple levels. This is the first animal model of active smoking through the mouth, and these data demonstrate that CS suppresses the protective immune response to C. albicans in rats through the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ye
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Ge
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenmei Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Alanazi H, Semlali A, Chmielewski W, Rouabhia M. E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020294. [PMID: 30669681 PMCID: PMC6352080 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor comes in contact with the different constituents of the oral cavity, including such microorganisms as Candida albicans. We examined the impact of e-cigarettes on C. albicans growth and expression of different virulent genes, such as secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs), and the effect of e-cigarette vapor-exposed C. albicans on gingival epithelial cell morphology, growth, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. An increase in C. albicans growth was observed with nicotine-rich e-cigarettes compared with non-exposed cultures. Following exposure to e-cigarette vapor, C. albicans produced high levels of chitin. E-cigarettes also increased C. albicans hyphal length and the expression of SAP2, SAP3, and SAP9 genes. When in contact with gingival epithelial cells, e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans adhered better to epithelial cells than the control. Indirect contact between e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans and gingival epithelial cells led to epithelial cell differentiation, reduced cell growth, and increased LDH activity. Overall, results indicate that e-cigarettes may interact with C. albicans to promote their pathogenesis, which may increase the risk of oral candidiasis in e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humidah Alanazi
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec) Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec) Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Witold Chmielewski
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec) Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 de la Terrasse, Québec (Québec) Canada G1V 0A6.
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14
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Fungal-Host Interaction: Curcumin Modulates Proteolytic Enzyme Activity of Candida albicans and Inflammatory Host Response In Vitro. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2393146. [PMID: 30186325 PMCID: PMC6114239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2393146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for Candida albicans infection are limited due to the limited number of antifungal drugs available and the increase in antifungal resistance. Curcumin is used as a spice, food preservative, flavoring, and coloring agent that has been shown to have many pharmacological activities. Thus, this study evaluated the modulatory effects of curcumin on major virulence factors associated with the pathogenicity of C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of curcumin against C. albicans (SC5314) was determined. Biofilm formation was quantified and the proteinase and phospholipase secretion was measured. The cytotoxicity was tested in oral fibroblast cells. A cocultured model was used to analyze the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-6) from host cells, as well SAP-1 and PLB-1 by RT-PCR. The MIC was between 6.25 and 12.5 µM, and the activity of proteinase enzyme was significantly decreased in biofilms treated with curcumin. However, proteinase gene expression was not downregulated after curcumin treatment. Furthermore, gene expressions of host inflammatory response, IL-1β and IL-1α, were significantly downregulated after exposure to curcumin. In conclusion, curcumin exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans and modulated the proteolytic enzyme activities without downregulating the gene expression. In host inflammatory response, curcumin downregulated IL-1β and IL-1α gene expression.
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15
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Shakhatreh MAK, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Masadeh MM, Hussein EI, Bshara GN. Alterations in oral microbial flora induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking. Int J Gen Med 2018; 11:47-54. [PMID: 29440924 PMCID: PMC5799848 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s150553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waterpipe smoking is a global health problem and a serious public concern. Little is known about the effects of waterpipe smoking on oral health. In the current study, we examined the alterations of oral microbial flora by waterpipe smoking. Methods One hundred adult healthy subjects (59 waterpipe smokers and 41 non-smokers) were recruited into the study. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity and subgingival regions. Standard culturing techniques were used to identify types, frequency, and mean number of microorganisms in cultures obtained from the subjects. Results It was notable that waterpipe smokers were significantly associated with a history of oral infections. In subgingiva, Acinetobacter and Moraxella species were present only in waterpipe smokers. In addition, the frequency of Candida albicans was higher in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.023) while the frequency of Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly lower in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.036). However, no change was observed in other tested bacteria, such as Campylobacter species; Viridans group streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus. In oral cavity and when colony-forming units were considered, the only bacterial species that showed significant difference were the black-pigmented bacteria (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study provides evidence indicating that some of the oral microflora is significantly altered by waterpipe smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majed M Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Emad I Hussein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - George N Bshara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan
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16
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Leung JM, Tiew PY, Mac Aogáin M, Budden KF, Yong VFL, Thomas SS, Pethe K, Hansbro PM, Chotirmall SH. The role of acute and chronic respiratory colonization and infections in the pathogenesis of COPD. Respirology 2017; 22:634-650. [PMID: 28342288 PMCID: PMC7169176 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COPD is a major global concern, increasingly so in the context of ageing populations. The role of infections in disease pathogenesis and progression is known to be important, yet the mechanisms involved remain to be fully elucidated. While COPD pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are strongly associated with acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), the clinical relevance of these pathogens in stable COPD patients remains unclear. Immune responses in stable and colonized COPD patients are comparable to those detected in AECOPD, supporting a role for chronic colonization in COPD pathogenesis through perpetuation of deleterious immune responses. Advances in molecular diagnostics and metagenomics now allow the assessment of microbe-COPD interactions with unprecedented personalization and precision, revealing changes in microbiota associated with the COPD disease state. As microbial changes associated with AECOPD, disease severity and therapeutic intervention become apparent, a renewed focus has been placed on the microbiology of COPD and the characterization of the lung microbiome in both its acute and chronic states. Characterization of bacterial, viral and fungal microbiota as part of the lung microbiome has the potential to reveal previously unrecognized prognostic markers of COPD that predict disease outcome or infection susceptibility. Addressing such knowledge gaps will ultimately lead to a more complete understanding of the microbe-host interplay in COPD. This will permit clearer distinctions between acute and chronic infections and more granular patient stratification that will enable better management of these features and of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M. Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, St Paul's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Pei Yee Tiew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSingapore General HospitalSingapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Kurtis F. Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Sangeeta S. Thomas
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Kevin Pethe
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
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17
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Alharbi IA, Rouabhia M. Repeated exposure to whole cigarette smoke promotes primary human gingival epithelial cell growth and modulates keratin expression. J Periodontal Res 2016; 51:630-8. [PMID: 26740170 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The gingiva is the first oral tissue directly exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Exposure to CS compromises the structure and function of gingival tissue. Damaging or altering the gingival epithelium leads to a compromised protective barrier of the periodontium, resulting in several diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated exposure to CS on gingival epithelial cell growth and on expression of apoptotic protein and keratin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary human gingival epithelial cells were seeded on a collagen scaffold for 5 d to allow growth and stratification. The cells were then exposed for 5 min to whole CS for 3, 6 and 9 d. At the end of each exposure period, cell proliferation [using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays], gene expression [by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)] and protein production (by western blot analysis) were investigated. RESULTS Higher metabolic activity was found in the CS-exposed cells than in the nonexposed cells, specifically after 3 and 6 d of exposure to CS. At 9 d there was no significant difference between CS-exposed and nonexposed cells. Metabolic activity was supported by the BrdU cell-proliferation analyses, which showed increased cell growth at 3 d compared with the control. However, at 6 and 9 d, cell proliferation in the CS-exposed culture was comparable to that in the nonexposed culture. Interestingly, the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratios decreased with increased CS exposure, suggesting cell resistance. Moreover, protein analyses showed that CS decreased expression of keratin(K) 5 at 3, 6 and 9 d, and increased expression of K14 at 6 and 9 d. Finally, mRNA analyses showed significant decreases of K1, K6, K10 and K16 in CS-exposed cultures, correlating, at times, with a decrease of protein production. CONCLUSION CS was shown to increase epithelial cell proliferation, which may involve cell resistance to apoptosis. This is supported by the modulation of expression of different keratin genes and proteins. Altogether, these data may explain the hyperplasia reported in gingival tissue, as well as periodontal disease, in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Alharbi
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - M Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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cspA influences biofilm formation and drug resistance in pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:960357. [PMID: 25821832 PMCID: PMC4363613 DOI: 10.1155/2015/960357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microbial cell wall plays a crucial role in biofilm formation and drug resistance. cspA encodes a repeat-rich glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall protein in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. To determine whether cspA has a significant impact on biofilm development and sensitivity to antifungal drugs in A. fumigatus, a ΔcspA mutant was constructed by targeted gene disruption, and we then reconstituted the mutant to wild type by homologous recombination of a functional cspA gene. Deletion of cspA resulted in a rougher conidial surface, reduced biofilm formation, decreased resistance to antifungal agents, and increased internalization by A549 human lung epithelial cells, suggesting that cspA not only participates in maintaining the integrity of the cell wall, but also affects biofilm establishment, drug response, and invasiveness of A. fumigatus.
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