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Hlyan NP, Arif T, Jaufar SS, Rehman A, Ayalew BD, Batu BJ, Hundesa MI, Hlaing MS, Islam H, Islam R, Shehryar A, Quinn M. From Sugar Spikes to Pressure Peaks: Navigating the World of Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity, and Kidney Health. Cureus 2024; 16:e57241. [PMID: 38686257 PMCID: PMC11056813 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major public health challenges globally, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. The co-occurrence and interplay among these conditions exacerbate health outcomes, highlighting the need for an integrated understanding and approach to management. This narrative review aims to explore the complex relationships between diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and CKD, elucidating their collective impact on health. It discusses the epidemiological trends, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, genetic predispositions, current treatment strategies, and the future direction of research and therapy. An extensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and CKD. Additionally, the review delves into the genetic and molecular biology underlying these conditions, the potential for personalized medicine, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to care. The review identifies key areas where these conditions intersect, enhancing disease progression and complicating management. It highlights the role of genetic and environmental factors in disease etiology, the critical need for personalized treatment strategies, and the gaps in current management approaches. Innovations in pharmacotherapy, monitoring technologies, and the potential of pharmacogenomics are discussed as avenues for advancing patient care. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and CKD are intricately linked, necessitating an integrated, patient-centered approach to care that goes beyond traditional treatment modalities. Future research should focus on collaborative models and interdisciplinary strategies to address the multifaceted challenges posed by these conditions. Emphasizing personalized medicine and leveraging technological advancements offer promising pathways to improve outcomes and reduce the global health burden of these metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Phone Hlyan
- General Surgery, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, GBR
| | - Talha Arif
- Accident and Emergency, Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, PAK
| | - Saina S Jaufar
- Family Medicine and General Surgery, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, BLR
| | | | - Biruk D Ayalew
- Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | - Biniyam J Batu
- General Practice, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | | | - May Su Hlaing
- Geriatrics, United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Boston, GBR
| | - Hamza Islam
- Internal Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, PAK
| | - Rabia Islam
- Research, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | | | - Maria Quinn
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, PAK
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2
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Bhori M, Rastogi V, Tungare K, Marar T. A review on interplay between obesity, lipoprotein profile and nutrigenetics with selected candidate marker genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:687-703. [PMID: 34669123 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a rapidly growing epidemic, and its frequently related complications demand global attention. The two factors commonly attributed to the epidemic are genetic factors and environmental factors. Studies indicate that the genetic makeup at an individual level and the environmental aspects influence the occurrence of the disease. However, there is insufficiency in understanding the mechanisms through which the gene mutations and environmental components individually lead to T2DM. Also, discrepancies have often been noted in the association of gene variants and type 2 diabetes when the gene factor is examined as a sole attribute to the disease. STUDY In this review initially, we have focused on the proposed ways through which CAPN10, FABP2, GLUT2, TCF7L2, and ENPP1 variants lead to T2DM along with the inconsistencies observed in the gene-disease association. The article also emphasizes on obesity, lipoprotein profile, and nutrition as environmental factors and how they lead to T2DM. Finally, the main objective is explored, the environment-gene-disease association i.e. the influence of each environmental factor on the aforementioned specific gene-T2DM relationship to understand if the disease-causing capability of the gene variants is exacerbated by environmental influences. CONCLUSION We found that environmental factors may influence the gene-disease relationship. Reciprocally, the genetic factors may alter the environment-disease relationship. To precisely conclude that the two factors act synergistically to lead to T2DM, more attention has to be paid to the combined influence of the genetic variants and environmental factors on T2DM occurrence instead of studying the influence of the factors separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustansir Bhori
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Varuni Rastogi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India.
| | - Thankamani Marar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
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3
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Bride L, Naslavsky M, Lopes Yamamoto G, Scliar M, Pimassoni LH, Sossai Aguiar P, de Paula F, Wang J, Duarte Y, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M, Imbroisi Valle Errera F. TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism association with diabetes and obesity in an elderly cohort from Brazil. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11349. [PMID: 33996288 PMCID: PMC8106398 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are complex pandemic diseases in the 21st century. Worldwide, the T allele rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene is recognized as a strong GWAS signal associated with T2DM. However, the association between the C allele and obesity is still poorly explored and needs to be replicated in other populations. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the TCF7L2 rs7903146 association with T2DM according to BMI status and to determine if this variant is related to obesity and BMI variation in a cohort of elderly Brazilians. Methods A total of 1,023 participants from an elderly census-based cohort called SABE (Saúde, Bem Estar e Envelhecimento—Health, Well-Being and Aging) were stratified by BMI status and type 2 diabetes presence. The TCF7L2 genotypes were filtered from the Online Archive of Brazilian Mutations (ABraOM—Online Archive of Brazilian Mutations) database, a web-based public database with sequencing data of samples of the SABE’s participants. Logistic regression models and interaction analyses were performed. The BMI variation (∆BMI) was calculated from anthropometric data collected in up to two time-points with a ten-year-assessment interval. Results The association between the rs7903146 T allele and T2DM was inversely proportional to the BMI status, with an increased risk in the normal weight group (OR 3.36; 95% CI [1.46–7.74]; P = 0.004). We confirmed the T allele association with risk for T2DM after adjusting for possible confound ing variables (OR 2.35; 95% CI [1.28–4.32]; P = 0.006). Interaction analysis showed that the increased risk for T2DM conferred by the T allele is modified by BMI (Pinteraction = 0.008), age (Pinteraction = 0.005) and gender (Pinteraction = 0.026). A T allele protective effect against obesity was observed (OR 0.71; 95% CI [0.54–0.94]; P = 0.016). The C allele increased obesity risk (OR 1.40; 95% CI [1.06–1.84]; P = 0.017) and the CC genotype showed a borderline association with abdominal obesity risk (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.06–1.67]; P = 0.045). The CC genotype increased the obesity risk factor after adjusting for possible confounding variables (OR 1.41; 95% CI [1.06–1.86]; P = 0.017). An increase of the TT genotype in the second tertile of ∆BMI values was observed in participants without type 2 diabetes (OR 5.13; 95% CI [1.40–18.93]; P = 0.009) in the recessive genetic model. Conclusion We confirmed that the rs7903146 is both associated with T2DM and obesity. The TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele increased T2DM risk in the normal weight group and interacted with sex, age and BMI, while the C allele increased obesity risk. The TT genotype was associated with a lesser extent of BMI variation over the SABE study’s 10-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Bride
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Michel Naslavsky
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marilia Scliar
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Hs Pimassoni
- School of Science of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paola Sossai Aguiar
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paula
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Wang
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yeda Duarte
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mayana Zatz
- Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Imbroisi Valle Errera
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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4
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Benberin VV, Vochshenkova TA, Abildinova GZ, Borovikova AV, Nagimtayeva AA. Polymorphic genetic markers and how they are associated with clinical and metabolic indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Kazakh population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:131-140. [PMID: 34178825 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of eight polymorphic gene variants with the development of clinical-metabolic rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus inside Kazakh population. Materials and methods 139 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 patients in the control group were examined. Genotyping of polymorphisms of candidate genes was carried out on a next generation QuantStudio 12 K Flex unit. Results Gene TCF7L2 locus rs7901695 and rs7903146, gene KCNQ1 locus rs2237892, rs7756992, and gene CDKAL1 locus rs7754840 demonstrated statistically significant associations with glucose metabolism, lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in type 2 DM inside the population. Statistically significant difference in anthropometric and biochemical measures of rs17584499, rs4712523 and rs163184 has not been revealed. Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms that influence pancreatic gland beta-cells insulin release and secretion associate with metabolic and anthropometric measures definitive for type 2 DM in Kazakh population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy V Benberin
- Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, 80 Mangilik El Avenue / E495 bld. 2, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Tamara A Vochshenkova
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, 80 Mangilik El Avenue / E495 bld. 2, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Gulshara Zh Abildinova
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, 80 Mangilik El Avenue / E495 bld. 2, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Anna V Borovikova
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, 80 Mangilik El Avenue / E495 bld. 2, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul A Nagimtayeva
- Gerontology Center, Medical Center Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, 80 Mangilik El Avenue / E495 bld. 2, Nur-Sultan, 010000 Republic of Kazakhstan
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5
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Carrillo-Venzor MA, Erives-Anchondo NR, Moreno-González JG, Moreno-Brito V, Licón-Trillo A, González-Rodríguez E, Hernández-Rodríguez PDC, Reza-López SA, Loera-Castañeda V, Leal-Berumen I. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ Polymorphisms and Association with Metabolic Traits in Teenagers from Northern Mexico. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070776. [PMID: 32664384 PMCID: PMC7397260 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 and +294T/C PPAR-δ have been associated with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and high body mass index (BMI). We compared metabolic traits and determined associations with Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 or +294T/C PPAR-δ polymorphism among teenagers from different ethnicity. Four hundred and twelve samples with previous biochemical and biometric measurements were used. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was extracted and analyzed by end-point PCR for Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2. The +294T/C PPAR-δ PCR product was also digested with Bsl I. Two genotype groups were formed: major allele homozygous and minor allele carriers. Pro12Ala PPAR-γ2 G minor allele frequencies were: 10% in Mestizo-1, 19% in Mestizo-2, 23% in Tarahumara, 12% in Mennonite, and 17% in the total studied population. The +294T/C PPAR-δ C minor allele frequencies were: 18% in Mestizo-1, 20% in Mestizo-2, 6% in Tarahumara, 13% in Mennonite, and 12% in the total studied population. Teenagers with PPAR-γ2 G allele showed a greater risk for either high waist/height ratio or low high-density lipoprotein; and, also had lower total cholesterol. Whereas, PPAR-γ2 G allele showed lower overweight/obesity phenotype (BMI Z-score) frequency, PPAR-δ C allele was a risk factor for it. Metabolic traits were associated with both PPAR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Carrillo-Venzor
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Nancy R. Erives-Anchondo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Janette G. Moreno-González
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Verónica Moreno-Brito
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Angel Licón-Trillo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | - Everardo González-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | | | - Sandra A. Reza-López
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
| | | | - Irene Leal-Berumen
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario, Campus II, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (M.A.C.-V.); (N.R.E.-A.); (J.G.M.-G.); (V.M.-B.); (A.L.T.); (E.G.-R.); (S.A.R.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sirdah MM, Reading NS. Genetic predisposition in type 2 diabetes: A promising approach toward a personalized management of diabetes. Clin Genet 2020; 98:525-547. [PMID: 32385895 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, has been described as a chronic and complex endocrine metabolic disorder that is a leading cause of death across the globe. It is considered a key public health problem worldwide and one of four important non-communicable diseases prioritized for intervention through world health campaigns by various international foundations. Among its four categories, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the commonest form of diabetes accounting for over 90% of worldwide cases. Unlike monogenic inherited disorders that are passed on in a simple pattern, T2D is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology, where a mixture of genetic and environmental factors are strong candidates for the development of the clinical condition and pathology. The genetic factors are believed to be key predisposing determinants in individual susceptibility to T2D. Therefore, identifying the predisposing genetic variants could be a crucial step in T2D management as it may ameliorate the clinical condition and preclude complications. Through an understanding the unique genetic and environmental factors that influence the development of this chronic disease individuals can benefit from personalized approaches to treatment. We searched the literature published in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science for the current status of T2D and its associated genetic risk variants and discus promising approaches toward a personalized management of this chronic, non-communicable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sirdah
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Biology Department, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - N Scott Reading
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Khan SM, El Karte N, El Hajj Chehadeh S, Hassoun A, Afandi B, Tay GK, Alsafar H. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus & TCF7L2 gene variants in the Emirati population: Genetics of diabetes in the United Arab Emirates. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23434. [PMID: 32445548 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a multifactorial etiology involving a complex interplay between genes and the environment. The prevalence of T2DM among the countries of the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC), including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), ranks among the top 15 in the world. A number of studies have shown an increase in T2DM risk for the "TT" genotype at the rs4506565 and rs12255372 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) of the TCF7L2 gene. However, the association between TCF7L2 and T2DM still needs to be investigated in the UAE population. Therefore, this study analyzed the potential associations with rs4506565 and rs12255372 in UAE subjects. METHODS For this case-control study, T2DM patients (n = 890) and healthy subjects (n = 686) were genotyped using a Taqman Real-Time PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed with the resulting data using the R (version 3.3.1) and STATA (version 13) software packages. RESULTS The rs12255372 SNP was significantly associated with T2DM (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00-1.34; P = .042). However, no significant association was found for the rs4506565 SNP (P = .120). After gender stratification, a significant association was found for both SNPs in males (Prs4506565 = .009 and Prs12255372 = .021). Interestingly, we found the interaction between the SNP rs4506565 with gender alone (P = .032) and in conjunction with BMI and age (P = .036) confers associations with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the genetic variants of the TCF7L2 gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to T2DM, especially in Emirati males. Our study also highlights the impact of biological and environmental risk factors including age, BMI, and gender on the genetic susceptibility to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nora El Karte
- Esipe Créteil, Ingénierie Spécialisée en Biomédical et Santé, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sarah El Hajj Chehadeh
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Hassoun
- Dubai Diabetes Centre, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bachar Afandi
- Endocrine Diabetes Center, Tawam Hospital, SEHA, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Jayaraj RL, Azimullah S, Beiram R. Diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in the Middle East and its shared pathological mediators. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:736-750. [PMID: 32210695 PMCID: PMC6997863 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has risen exponentially worldwide over the past decade. A growing body of research indicates that AD is linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and suggests that impaired insulin signaling acts as a crucial risk factor in determining the progression of this devastating disease. Many studies suggest people with diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, are at higher risk of eventually developing Alzheimer's dementia or other dementias. Despite nationwide efforts to increase awareness, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has risen significantly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region which might be due to rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, lack of physical activity and rise in obesity. Growing body of evidence indicates that DM and AD are linked because both conditions involve impaired glucose homeostasis and altered brain function. Current theories and hypothesis clearly implicate that defective insulin signaling in the brain contributes to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits in AD. In the periphery, low-grade chronic inflammation leads to insulin resistance followed by tissue deterioration. Thus insulin resistance acts as a bridge between DM and AD. There is pressing need to understand on how DM increases the risk of AD as well as the underlying mechanisms, due to the projected increase in age related disorders. Here we aim to review the incidence of AD and DM in the Middle East and the possible link between insulin signaling and ApoE carrier status on Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. We also critically reviewed mutation studies in Arab population which might influence DM induced AD. In addition, recent clinical trials and animal studies conducted to evaluate the efficiency of anti-diabetic drugs have been reviewed.
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Key Words
- AAV, Adeno-associated virus
- ABCA1, ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADAMTS9, ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 9
- AGPAT1, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Anti-diabetic drugs
- ApoE, Apolipoprotein E
- Arab population
- Aβ, Amyloid-beta
- BACE1, Beta-secretase 1
- BBB, Blood-Brain Barrier
- BMI, Body mass index
- CALR, calreticulin gene
- CIP2A, Cancerous Inhibitor Of Protein Phosphatase 2A
- COX-2, Cyclooxygenase 2
- CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
- DM, Diabetes mellitus
- DUSP9, Dual Specificity Phosphatase 9
- Diabetes mellitus
- ECE-1, Endotherin converting enzyme 1
- FDG-PET, Fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography
- FRMD4A, FERM Domain Containing 4A
- FTO, Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene
- GLP-1, Glucagon like peptide
- GNPDA2, Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2
- GSK-3β, Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- IDE, Insulin degrading enzyme
- IGF-1, Insulin-like growth factor 1
- IR, Insulin receptor
- IR, Insulin resistance
- Insulin signaling
- LPA, Lipophosphatidic acid
- MC4R, Melanocortin 4 receptor
- MCI, Myocardial infarction
- MENA, Middle East North African
- MG-H1, Methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone isomer trifluoroactic acid salt
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- NDUFS3, NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit S3
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NFT, Neurofibrillary tangles
- NOTCH4, Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4
- PI3K, Phosphoinositide-3
- PP2A, Protein phosphatase 2
- PPAR-γ2, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2
- Pit-PET, Pittsburgh compound B- positron emission tomography
- RAB1A, Ras-related protein 1A
- SORT, Sortilin
- STZ, Streptozotocin
- T1DM, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- TCF7L2, Transcription Factor 7 Like 2
- TFAP2B, Transcription Factor AP-2 Beta
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Bakhashab S, Filimban N, Altall RM, Nassir R, Qusti SY, Alqahtani MH, Abuzenadah AM, Dallol A. The Effect Sizes of PPARγ rs1801282 , FTO rs9939609, and MC4R rs2229616 Variants on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk among the Western Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Prospective Study. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010098. [PMID: 31947684 PMCID: PMC7017045 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common polygenic disease with associated comorbidities. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of T2DM. The aim of this study is to determine the allele and genotype frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) rs1801282, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) rs9939609, and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs2229616 polymorphisms and their association with risk of T2DM in the western Saudi population as mediators of adiposity phenotypes. In a cross-sectional prospective study, genomic DNA from control and T2DM patients were isolated and genotyped for these single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a significant association of the MC4R rs2229616 variant with T2DM, but no association with T2DM was detected with PPARγ rs1801282 or FTO rs9939609. The combination of C/C for PPARγ rs1801282, A/A for FTO rs9939609, and C/C for MC4R rs2229616 increased the risk of T2DM by 1.82. The A/T genotype for FTO rs9939609 was predicted to decrease the risk of T2DM when combined with C/C for PPARγ rs1801282 and C/C for MC4R rs2229616 or C/C for PPARγ rs1801282 and C/T MC4R rs2229616. In conclusion, our study showed the risk of the assessed variants for the development of T2DM in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966126400000
| | - Najlaa Filimban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Clinical Genomics, Department of Genetics, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Altall
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safaa Y. Qusti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.); (R.M.A.); (S.Y.Q.)
| | - Mohammed H. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Abuhendi N, Qush A, Naji F, Abunada H, Al Buainain R, Shi Z, Zayed H. Genetic polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in the Arab world: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 151:198-208. [PMID: 30954515 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS T2DM reach epidemic levels in the Arab countries. In this study, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to underline the susceptibility genetic profile of Arab patients with T2DM that result from SNPs. METHODS We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science) through January 2019. We included all SNPs in candidate genes with an OR > 1 that were associated with T2DM among Arab patients with T2DM. Statistical programs such as software Review Manager (Version 5.02) and STATA (Version 15.1) were used. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random effects model or a fixed effect model depending on the heterogeneity among studies. I2 statistics and Egger's tests were performed to assess heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS Out of 2245 studies, 47 were used for meta-analysis. We captured 31,307 cases and 26,464 controls in which we collected 71 SNPs in 32 genes. A pooled meta-analysis demonstrated 24-69% increase in T2DM risk. Among the 57 SNPs (in 32 genes) that were not included in the meta-analysis, the OR for diabetes ranged from 1.02 to 5.10, with a median of 1.38 (interquartile range 1.33-2.09). Ten studies examined the association between the TCF7L2 polymorphism rs7903146 and T2DM, leading to an aggregated OR of 1.34 (95%CI 1.27-1.41). CONCLUSION The genetic profile that confer susceptibility to T2DM in Arab patients is diverse. This study may serve as a platform for designing a gene panel for testing the susceptibility to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Abuhendi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abeer Qush
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fozieh Naji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Abunada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reeham Al Buainain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zumin Shi
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Zhou KC, Liu HW, Wang C, Fu YJ, Jin F. Association of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Korean ethnicity population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14288. [PMID: 30702596 PMCID: PMC6380799 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, data on the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese Korean ethnicity are very scarce. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and T2DM in Chinese Korean ethnicity population. This case-control study involved 43 T2DM Chinese Korean ethnicity patients (T2DM group) and 43 healthy Chinese Korean ethnicity normoglycemic subjects as controls (Control group). All included participants aged from 40 to 75 years old. Clinical and biological data were collected to determine the phenotypic traits. The restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the TCF7L2 by genotyping for rs7903146 (C/T). Spectrophotometer with Chronolab kits was used to conduct the biochemical analyses. TCF7L2 was associated with T2DM in the Chinese Korean ethnicity population (P < .01 for alleles, and P < .05 for genotypes). Significant differences were found 2 groups regarding the T allele (37.2% T2DM patients vs 15.1% healthy subjects, P < .01), and G allele (62.8% T2DM patients vs 84.9% healthy subjects, P < .01). The risk genotypes were GG (83.7% T2DM patients, vs 44.2% healthy control, P < .01), GT (4.7% T2DM patients, vs 20.9% healthy control, P = .04), and TT (11.6% T2DM patients, vs 34.9% healthy control, P = .01). The results of this study demonstrated that TCF7L2 is associated with T2DM in the Chinese Korean ethnicity population, which is an important risk factor for T2DM in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Jin
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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12
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Hebbar P, Abubaker JA, Abu-Farha M, Tuomilehto J, Al-Mulla F, Thanaraj TA. A Perception on Genome-Wide Genetic Analysis of Metabolic Traits in Arab Populations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 30761081 PMCID: PMC6362414 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dedicated nation-wide efforts to raise awareness against the harmful effects of fast-food consumption and sedentary lifestyle, the Arab population continues to struggle with an increased risk for metabolic disorders. Unlike the European population, the Arab population lacks well-established genetic risk determinants for metabolic disorders, and the transferability of established risk loci to this population has not been satisfactorily demonstrated. The most recent findings have identified over 240 genetic risk loci (with ~400 independent association signals) for type 2 diabetes, but thus far only 25 risk loci (ADAMTS9, ALX4, BCL11A, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, COL8A1, DUSP9, FTO, GCK, GNPDA2, HMG20A, HNF1A, HNF1B, HNF4A, IGF2BP2, JAZF1, KCNJ11, KCNQ1, MC4R, PPARγ, SLC30A8, TCF7L2, TFAP2B, TP53INP1, and WFS1) have been replicated in Arab populations. To our knowledge, large-scale population- or family-based association studies are non-existent in this region. Recently, we conducted genome-wide association studies on Arab individuals from Kuwait to delineate the genetic determinants for quantitative traits associated with anthropometry, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and blood pressure levels. Although these studies led to the identification of novel recessive variants, they failed to reproduce the established loci. However, they provided insights into the genetic architecture of the population, the applicability of genetic models based on recessive mode of inheritance, the presence of genetic signatures of inbreeding due to the practice of consanguinity, and the pleiotropic effects of rare disorders on complex metabolic disorders. This perspective presents analysis strategies and study designs for identifying genetic risk variants associated with diabetes and related traits in Arab populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashantha Hebbar
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Doctoral Program in Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jehad Ahmed Abubaker
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Fahd Al-Mulla
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Li J, Niu X, Li J, Wang Q. Association of PPARG Gene Polymorphisms Pro12Ala with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:277-283. [PMID: 30207237 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180912130401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of Pro12Ala located within the PPARG gene were significantly associated with the T2DM. Recently, the genetic studies on Pro12Ala were conducted in the different ethnic groups and the results of each study were shown to be inconsistent. Moreover, the systematic review has not been updated since 2000. OBJECTIVE To further validate the risk of Pro12Ala for T2DM disease based on the genetic data. METHODS The genetic studies on the Pro12Ala in the T2DM were searched in the PubMed and PMC database from January 2000 to October 2017. The meta-analysis was conducted with the CMA software. RESULTS The meta-analysis collected 14 studies including 20702 cases and 36227 controls. The combined analysis of all studies found that Pro12Ala was shown to be significantly associated with T2DM and the Ala allele played the increasing risks for the disease. Nevertheless, publication bias was detected in the combined analysis. The subgroup analysis indicated that Pro12Ala was found to be significant in the Caucasian and Chinese population. There was no heterogeneity and publication bias in these two groups. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis confirmed the evidence that the Pro12Ala was the susceptible variant for the decreasing risks for the T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism. No. 271, East Taihang Road Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism. No. 271, East Taihang Road Changzhi, China
| | - JianBo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Noordam R, Zwetsloot CPA, de Mutsert R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Lamb HJ, de Roos A, de Koning EJP, Rosendaal FR, Willems van Dijk K, van Heemst D. Interrelationship of the rs7903146 TCF7L2 gene variant with measures of glucose metabolism and adiposity: The NEO study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:150-157. [PMID: 29174029 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated the interrelationship of rs7903146-T in TCF7L2 with measures of glucose metabolism and measures of adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 5744 middle-aged participants (mean (standard deviation [SD]) age is 55.9 (6.0) years) from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) Study. Associations between rs7903146-T and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) were assessed with logistic regression. Additive (per-allele) associations with measures of glucose metabolism (e.g., fasting insulin) and adiposity (e.g., body mass index [BMI]) were examined with multivariable linear regression. In the total study population, rs7903146-T was associated with a higher risk of T2D (additive odds ratio: 1.42; 95% confidence interval: 1.17; 1.72), and specifically with T2D treated with insulin analogs (2.31 [1.19; 4.46]). After exclusion of participants treated with glucose-lowering medication, rs7903146-T was associated with lower mean insulin concentration (additive mean difference: -0.07 SD [-0.14; 0.00]), but not with higher mean glucose concentration (0.03 SD [-0.01; 0.07]). Furthermore, rs7903146-T was associated with, among other measures of adiposity, a lower mean BMI (-0.04 SD [-0.09; -0.00]), and a lower mean total body fat (-0.04 SD [-0.08; -0.00]). The association between rs7903146-T and T2D increased after adjustment for BMI (odds ratio: 1.51 [1.24; 1.86]); the association between rs7903146-T and fasting insulin diminished after adjustment (-0.05 SD [-0.11; 0.02]). CONCLUSION rs7903146-T is associated with a decreased insulin concentration and increased risk of T2D with opposing effects of adjustment for adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - C P A Zwetsloot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A de Roos
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Willems van Dijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Lv X, Zhang L, Sun J, Cai Z, Gu Q, Zhang R, Shan A. Interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma polymorphism and obesity on type 2 diabetes in a Chinese Han population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:7. [PMID: 28123453 PMCID: PMC5248486 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk and additional role of gene-obesity interaction. METHODS Four SNPs were selected for genotyping in the case-control study: rs1805192, rs709158, rs3856806 and rs4684847. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model and logistic regression was used to examine the interaction between SNP and obesity on T2DM, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confident interval (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS T2DM risk was significantly higher in individuals with rs1805192-G allele (p < 0.05). The carriers of G allele of the rs1805192 polymorphism revealed increased T2DM risk than those with CC variants (CG + GG versus CC, adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.76 (1.45-2.06), p < 0.001). T2DM risk was also significantly higher in individuals with rs3856806-T allele (p < 0.05). The carriers of T allele of the rs3856806 polymorphism revealed increased T2DM risk than those with CC variants (CT + TT versus CC, adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.25 (1.17-1.76), p < 0.001). There was a significant two-locus model (p = 0.0107) involving rs1805192 and obesity. Obese subjects with CG or GG genotype have the highest T2DM risk, compared to subjects with CC genotype and normal BMI (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.68-3.63). CONCLUSIONS Our results support an important association between rs1805192 and rs3856806 minor allele (G allele) of PPARG and increased T2DM risk, the interaction analysis shown a combined effect of G- obesity interaction between rs1805192 and obesity on increased T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lv
- Shenzhen Futian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 in North Central Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033 Guangdong China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shenzhen Futian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 in North Central Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033 Guangdong China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Shenzhen Futian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 in North Central Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033 Guangdong China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Shenzhen Futian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 in North Central Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033 Guangdong China
| | - Qing Gu
- Shenzhen Futian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 in North Central Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033 Guangdong China
| | - Ruipeng Zhang
- Key Lab for New Drugs Research of TCM, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Aiyun Shan
- Shenzhen Futian District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6001 in North Central Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033 Guangdong China
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Ibrahim AT, Hussain A, Salih MAM, Ibrahim OA, Jamieson SE, Ibrahim ME, Blackwell JM, Mohamed HS. Candidate gene analysis supports a role for polymorphisms at TCF7L2 as risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Sudan. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:4. [PMID: 26937418 PMCID: PMC4774008 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is multifactorial. A growing number of genes have been identified as risk factors for T2D across multiple ethnicities in trans-ancestry meta-analysis of large-scale genome-wide association studies. Few studies have looked at these genes in Sub-Saharan African populations. This study was undertaken to look for associations between T2D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a number of the top candidate genes in a selected Sudanese population. Methods A total 240 T2D cases and 128 unrelated healthy control subjects were included in this study. Age, sex, weight and height were recorded, blood pressure and biochemical profiles of glucose and lipids were analysed. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system. Fourteen SNPs were selected across 7 genes: CAPN10 (rs2975760 and rs5030952), PPARG (rs17036314 and rs1801282), IGF2BP2 (rs4402960 and rs1470579), CDKAL1 (rs9465871), HHEX (rs1111875), TCF7L2 (rs7903146, rs11196205 and rs12255372), and KCNJ11 (rs5215, rs1800467 and rs5219). Allelic and haplotype association analyses were performed under additive models in PLINK. P ≤ 0.007 (=0.05/7 genes) was the P-value required to achieve correction for multiple testing. Results A significant genetic association between the SNPs rs7903146 (odds ratio 1.69, 95 % confidence interval 1.21–2.38, P = 0.002) and rs12255372 (odds ratio 1.70, 95 % confidence interval 1.20–2.41, P = 0.003) at TCF7L2 and T2D was found in Sudanese population. These associations were retained after adjusting for age, sex and BMI (e.g. rs7903146: odds ratio 1.70, Padj:age/sex/BMI = 0.005). The strongest haplotype association (odds ratio 2.24; Padj:age/sex/BMI = 0.0003) comprised the two point haplotype T_C across rs7903146 and rs11196205. Stepwise logistic regression demonstrated that SNP rs7903146 added significant main effects to rs11196205 or rs12255372, whereas the reverse was not true, indicating that the main effect for association with T2D in this population is most strongly tagged by SNP rs7903146. Adjusted analyses also provided support for protection from T2D associated with minor alleles at SNPs rs2975760 at CAPN10 (odds ratio 0.44, 95 % confidence interval 0.20-0.97, Padj:age/sex/BMI = 0.042) and rs1111876 at HHEX (odds ratio 0.60, 95 % confidence interval 0.39- 0.93, Padj:age/sex/BMI = 0.022). Conclusions Multiethnic associations between T2D and SNPs at TCF7L2, CAPN10 and HHEX extend to Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir T Ibrahim
- Central Laboratory, Ministry of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ayman Hussain
- Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed A M Salih
- Central Laboratory, Ministry of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Sarra E Jamieson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Hiba S Mohamed
- Institute of Endemic Disease, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 102 Khartoum, Sudan
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