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Ureiro-Cueto G, Rodil SE, Silva-Bermúdez P, Santana-Vázquez M, Hoz-Rodríguez L, Arzate H, Montoya-Ayala G. Amorphous titanium oxide (aTiO 2) thin films biofunctionalized with CAP-p15 induce mineralized-like differentiation of human oral mucosal stem cells (hOMSCs). Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055003. [PMID: 38917837 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5bab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient osseointegration of titanium-based implants is a factor conditioning their long-term success. Therefore, different surface modifications, such as multifunctional oxide coatings, calcium phosphates, and the addition of molecules such as peptides, have been developed to improve the bioactivity of titanium-based biomaterials. In this work, we investigate the behavior of human oral mucosal stem cells (hOMSCs) cultured on amorphous titanium oxide (aTiO2), surfaces designed to simulate titanium (Ti) surfaces, biofunctionalized with a novel sequence derived from cementum attachment protein (CAP-p15), exploring its impact on guiding hOMSCs towards an osteogenic phenotype. We carried out cell attachment and viability assays. Next, hOMSCs differentiation was assessed by red alizarin stain, ALP activity, and western blot analysis by evaluating the expression of RUNX2, BSP, BMP2, and OCN at the protein level. Our results showed that functionalized surfaces with CAP-p15 (1 µg ml-1) displayed a synergistic effect increasing cell proliferation and cell attachment, ALP activity, and expression of osteogenic-related markers. These data demonstrate that CAP-p15 and its interaction with aTiO2surfaces promote osteoblastic differentiation and enhanced mineralization of hOMSCs when compared to pristine samples. Therefore, CAP-p15 shows the potential to be used as a therapeutical molecule capable of inducing mineralized tissue regeneration onto titanium-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ureiro-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Sandra E Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Phaedra Silva-Bermúdez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico
| | - Maricela Santana-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Lia Hoz-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Higinio Arzate
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Montoya-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
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Ghambaryan N, Yessayan L, Hakobyan G. Long-term effectiveness of UV functionalised short (≤ 6 mm) dental implants placed in the posterior segments of the atrophied maxilla: controlled case series. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00926-0. [PMID: 38526626 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated long-term effectiveness UV functionalised short implants (≤ 6 mm) placed in the posterior segments of the atrophied maxilla. The study included 47 patients from 2018 to 2023 (aged 27 to 56 years, 24 women and 23 men) without any systemic diseases, with unilateral/bilateral missing teeth and vertical atrophy of the posterior maxillary area. Total installed were 64 short UV-functionalized implants and 62 standard implants over 10 mm in length in segments maxilla with sufficient bone parameters. Clinical, laboratory and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) methods were used to plan implant therapy. The clinical indices included the following parameters: ISQ, MBL, OHIP-G scale. For short implants, the median ISQ at placement was 62.2 for primary stability and the median ISQ at 5 months was 69.6 ISQ. For standard implant, the mean ISQ at placement was 64.3 ISQ, and ISQ after 5 months was 71.6 ISQ. After 6 months mean MBL short implants 0.87 mm, after 1 year 1.13 mm, after 5 years was 1.48 mm. After 6 months mean MBL standard implants 0.84 mm, after 1 year 1.24 mm, after 5 years was 1.58 mm. Mean OHIP-G scores-patients satisfaction with the implant at 4.8 ± 0.3, satisfaction with the operation 4.6 ± 0.4; satisfaction with prosthetics 4.7 ± 0.5. Cumulative success rate 5 years short implants was 96.7%, standard implants was 97.4%, and prosthesis cumulative survival rate was 97.2%. Short ultraviolet functionalized implants used in the posterior resorbed segment of maxilla have been shown to be a reliable alternative to sinus lift, demonstrating fewer complications, reduction in the number of additional surgical interventions and showed satisfactory long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Ghambaryan
- Department of Surgical Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lazar Yessayan
- Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University. M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gagik Hakobyan
- Department of Surgical Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Aboelmahasen MMF, Othman SS, Dena ASA, Zhran M, Ma M, El-Destawy MT, Bilal AM. Histomorphometric and CBCT comparison of osseointegration around orthodontic titanium miniscrews coated with different nanoparticles: An in-vivo animal study. Int Orthod 2024; 22:100823. [PMID: 37992473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporarily installed titanium orthodontic miniscrews are usually used for many orthodontic applications, especially those cases that need high force, such as skeletally anchored orthodontic appliance cases. Surface modification of titanium miniscrews has proved success in preventing failure and overcoming their limitations. OBJECTIVE The present study aims at the assessment of the quality of osseointegration of surface modified titanium miniscrews installed in the maxilla of albino rabbits with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging as well as histomorphometric investigations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The orthodontic titanium miniscrews (TMSs) were coated with silver/hydroxyapatite (Ag/HA) nanoparticles (NPs) or zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs via electrochemical deposition. The coating nanomaterials were then characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the coated titanium miniscrews were evaluated in the rabbits' oral cavity to investigate their ability to prevent biofilm formation. RESULTS It was found that the Ag/HA-coated TMSs demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity and bone area fill, followed by the ZnO NPs-coated TMSs when compared to their uncoated counterparts. In the anterior area surrounding the installed TMSs, the highest osseointegration was demonstrated by ZnO NPs-coated TMSs. However, Ag/HA-coated TMSs showed the highest osseointegration values in the posterior peri-implant area. CONCLUSIONS Ag/HA- and ZnO NPs-coated TMSs may provide a promising solution to overcome the 30% probable failure in temporarily installed orthodontic miniscrews, as they can enhance the osseointegration process and prevent biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samer Salim Othman
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ibnsina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed S Abo Dena
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt (FUE), New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Monira Zhran
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ma
- Oral pathology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Cairo-Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Taha El-Destawy
- Oral medicine Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Cairo-Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Bilal
- Oral medicine Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Cairo-Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bae I, Kim BH. Drug release control and anti-inflammatory effect of biodegradable polymer surface modified by gas phase chemical functional reaction. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025045. [PMID: 38364287 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The plasma technique has been widely used to modify the surfaces of materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probability of controlling the prednisolone delivery velocity on a polylactic acid (PLA) surface modified by plasma surface treatment. Surface modification of PLA was performed at a low-pressure radio frequency under conditions of 100 W power, 50 mTorr chamber pressure, 100-200 sccm of flow rate, and Ar, O2, and CH4gases. The plasma surface-modified PLA was characterized using scanning emission microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements.In vitroevaluations were performed to determine cellular response, drug release behavior, and anti-inflammatory effects. The PLA surface morphology was changed to a porous structure (with a depth of approximately 100 μm) and the surface roughness was also significantly increased. The XPS results demonstrated higher oxygenized carbon contents than those in the non-treated PLA group. The prednisolone holding capacity increased and the release was relatively prolonged in the surface-modified PLA group compared to that in the non-treated PLA group. In addition, cell migration and proliferation significantly increased after PLA treatment alone. The activity of cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β), and IL-6 were considerably reduced in the plasma-treated and prednisolone holding group. Taken together, surface-modified PLA by plasma can provide an alternative approach to conventional physicochemical approaches for sustained anti-inflammatory drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Bae
- Convergence Research Center for Treatment of Oral Soft Tissue Disease (MRC), Chosun University, 2 Chosundae 4-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Treatment of Oral Soft Tissue Disease (MRC), Chosun University, 2 Chosundae 4-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Chen X, He S, Dong Y, Chen M, Xia Z, Cai K, Hu Y. Cobalt-doped layered hydroxide coating on titanium implants promotes vascularization and osteogenesis for accelerated fracture healing. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100912. [PMID: 38226010 PMCID: PMC10788619 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis at the fracture site plays crucial roles in the endogenous osteogenesis process and is a prerequisite for the efficient repair of implant fixed bone defects. To improve the peri-implant vascularization of titanium implant for accelerating defect healing, we developed a Co-doped Mg-Al layered hydroxide coating on the surface of titanium using hydrothermal reaction and then modified the surface with gallic acid (Ti-LDH/GA). Gallic acid coating enabled the sustained release of Co2+ and Mg2+ to the defect site over a month. Ti-LDH/GA treatment profoundly stimulated the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells by upregulating the vascularization regulators such as vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), leading to enhanced osteogenic capability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These pro-bone healing benefits were attributed to the synergistic effects of Co ions and Mg ions in promoting angiogenesis and new bone formation. These insights collectively suggested the potent pro-osteogenic effect of Ti-LDH/GA through leveraging peri-implant vascularization, offering a new approach for developing biofunctional titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuohan He
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yilong Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Wenzhou 325016, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zengzilu Xia
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Gupta D, Singh AK, Bellare J. Natural bone inspired core-shell triple-layered gel/PCL/gel 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065027. [PMID: 37879307 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad06c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite technological advancements in bone tissue engineering, it is still a challenge to fabricate a scaffold with high bioactivity as well as high mechanical strength that can promote osteogenesis as well as bear load. Here we developed a 3D printed gel-polymer multi-layered hybrid scaffold. The innermost layer is porous gel-based framework made of gelatin/carboxymethyl-chitin/nano-hydroxyapatite and is cryogenically 3D printed. Further, the second and middle layer of micro-engineered polycaprolactone (PCL) is infused in the gel with controlled penetration and tuneable coating thickness. The PCL surface is further coated with a third and final thin layer of gel matrix used for the first layer. This triple-layered structure demonstrates compression strength and modulus of 13.07 ± 1.15 MPa and 21.8 ± 0.82 MPa, respectively, post 8 weeks degradation which is >3000% and >700% than gel scaffold. It also shows degradation of 6.84 ± 0.70% (83% reduction than gel scaffold) after 12 weeks and swelling of 69.09 ± 6.83% (81% reduction) as compared to gel scaffolds. Further, nearly 300%, 250%, 50%, and 440% increase in cellular attachment, proliferation, protein generation, and mineralization, respectively are achieved as compared to only PCL scaffolds. Thus, these hybrid scaffolds offer high mechanical strength, slow degradation rate, high bioactivity, and high osteoconductivity. These multifunctional scaffolds have potential for reconstructing non-load-bearing bone defects like sinus lift, jaw cysts, and moderate load-bearing like reconstructing hard palate, orbital palate, and other craniomaxillofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Central Research Facility (CRF), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Tata Centre for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Ferro F, Azzolin F, Spelat R, Bevilacqua L, Maglione M. Considering the Value of 3D Cultures for Enhancing the Understanding of Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenesis on Titanium Dental Implants. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1048. [PMID: 37509084 PMCID: PMC10377630 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with pathologic conditions and restorative deficiencies might benefit from a combinatorial approach encompassing stem cells and dental implants; however, due to the various surface textures and coatings, the influence of titanium dental implants on cells exhibits extensive, wide variations. Three-dimensional (3D) cultures of stem cells on whole dental implants are superior in testing implant properties and were used to examine their capabilities thoroughly. MATERIALS AND METHODS The surface micro-topography of five titanium dental implants manufactured by sandblasting with titanium, aluminum, corundum, or laser sintered and laser machined was compared in this study. After characterization, including particle size distribution and roughness, the adhesion, proliferation, and viability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured on the whole-body implants were tested at three time points (one to seven days). Finally, the capacity of the implant to induce ADSCs' spontaneous osteoblastic differentiation was examined at the same time points, assessing the gene expression of collagen type 1 (coll-I), osteonectin (osn), alkaline phosphatase (alp), and osteocalcin (osc). RESULTS Laser-treated (Laser Mach and Laser Sint) implants exhibited the highest adhesion degree; however, limited proliferation was observed, except for Laser Sint implants, while viability differences were seen throughout the three time points, except for Ti Blast implants. Sandblasted surfaces (Al Blast, Cor Blast, and Ti Blast) outpaced the laser-treated ones, inducing higher amounts of coll-I, osn, and alp, but not osc. Among the sandblasted surfaces, Ti Blast showed moderate roughness and the highest superficial texture density, favoring the most significant spontaneous differentiation relative to all the other implant surfaces. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that 3D cultures of stem cells on whole-body titanium dental implants is a practical and physiologically appropriate way to test the biological characteristics of the implants, revealing peculiar differences in ADSCs' adhesion, proliferation, and activity toward osteogenic commitment in the absence of specific osteoinductive cues. In addition, the 3D method would allow researchers to test various implant surfaces more thoroughly. Integrating with preconditioned stem cells would inspire a more substantial combinatorial approach to promote a quicker recovery for patients with restorative impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferro
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Azzolin
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renza Spelat
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bevilacqua
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Maglione
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
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Romero M, Herrero-Climent M, Ríos-Carrasco B, Brizuela A, Romero MM, Gil J. Investigation of the Influence of Roughness and Dental Implant Design on Primary Stability via Analysis of Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4190. [PMID: 37445228 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the placement of dental implants, the primary fixation between the dental implant and the bone is of great importance and corresponds to compressive mechanical fixation that aims to prevent micromovement of the implant. The aim of this research was to determine the role of roughness and the type of dental implant (tissue-level or bone-level) in implant stability, measured using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and insertion torque (IT). We analyzed 234 titanium dental implants, placed in fresh calf ribs, at the half-tissue level and half-bone level. The implant surface was subjected to grit-blasting treatments with alumina particles of 120, 300, and 600 μm at a projection pressure of 2.5 bar, resulting in three types of roughness. Roughness was determined via optical interferometry. The wettability of the surfaces was also determined. Implant stability was measured using a high-precision torquemeter to obtain IT, and RFA was used to determine the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The results show that rough surfaces with Sa values of 0.5 to 4 μm do not affect the primary stability. However, the type of implant is important; bone-level implants obtained the highest primary stability values. A good correlation between the primary stability values obtained via IT and ISQ was demonstrated. New in vivo studies are necessary to know whether these results can be maintained in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romero
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Seville, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Mariano Herrero-Climent
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Seville, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Porto Dental Institute, Periodontology Department, Symmetrya Prothesis, Av. de Montevideu 810, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal
| | - Blanca Ríos-Carrasco
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Seville, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Aritza Brizuela
- Densia Reserach Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes, C/del Padre Julio Chevalier 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manuel María Romero
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Seville, C/Avicena S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad International de Cataluña, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
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Ghambaryan N, Jilavyan A, Burnazyan S, Khudaverdyan M, Gegham T, Hakobyan G. Clinical Outcome of Immediate Loading UV-Photofunctionalized Implants in Patients with Completely Edentulous Mandible, Placed with Guided Surgery. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:64-75. [PMID: 37041958 PMCID: PMC10082880 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical results of immediate loading UV-photofunctionalized dental implants placed using guided surgery in patients with completely edentulous mandible. Material and Methods In this study, 58 fully edentulous patients were treated with immediate loading implant-supported mandibular prostheses. All patients underwent a thorough clinical examination according to the generally accepted scheme; qualitative and quantitative parameters of the jaw bones patients were diagnosed with cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Surgical templates modeled in the 3 Shape software were made from biocompatible polymeric materials and provided with depth-calibrated drill sleeves for preparing osteotomies using a 3D printer (Stratasys). Before short implant placement, ultraviolet functionalization of implant surfaces was performed by UV Activator YWJ-QSY001 (Foshan, Wenjian Medikal Enstriman) in the device for 20 s. After flapless surgery, implant sockets were prepared with guided surgery and implants were placed through the sleeves of the surgical template tightening torque of 35-45 Ncm. An implant-supported temporary prosthesis made of acrylic resin was installed 6 h after implantation. Final dental prosthetics was performed 2 months after implant placement.The patients had 128 short (length 5-6 mm, diameters 4,5-5 mm) and 256 implants with length greater than 10 mm in bone segments with sufficient bone parameters. The following parameters were assessed: implant success, prosthetics survival and changes in peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL). Results During a clinical examination, no serious biological or prosthetic complications have been reported. The esthetic result evaluated from patients was excellent. The mean ISQ of short implants was 69.2 ± 8 for primary stability at implant placement and 73.6 ± 4 ISQ after 3 months. The mean of implants with length greater than 10 mm was 71,2ISQ at implant placement, respectively, and 75,6 ISQ after 3 months. After 3 months of prosthetic loading for short implants marginal bone loss (MBL) 0.74 mm, after 1 year of MBL 11.21 mm, after 5 years of MBL 1,37 mm, for implants with length greater than 10 mm after 3 months of MBL 0.72 mm, after 1 year of MBL 1.19 mm and after 5 years of MBL 1.35. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical indices between short and standard implants. After 5 years of follow-up, stable levels of bone tissue around the implants and healthy tissues around the implants were recorded, and postoperative occlusal function was favorable. The success rates of the short implants in maxilla were 95.5%, and the success rates of the short implants in mandible were 98.7%. The success rates of the implants with length greater than 10 mm in maxilla were 97.8%, and the success rates of the implants with length greater than 10 mm in mandible were 98.8%. Conclusion Computer-guided implant surgery and immediate loading of UV-photofunctionalized implants in patients with completely edentulous mandible are a predictable and effective method with a minimum rehabilitation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Ghambaryan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ashot Jilavyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Burnazyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Margarita Khudaverdyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tunyan Gegham
- Department of Postgraduate Education, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gagik Hakobyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Kievyan str. 10 ap. 65, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
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Velasco-Ortega E, Fos-Parra I, Cabanillas-Balsera D, Gil J, Ortiz-García I, Giner M, Bocio-Núñez J, Montoya-García MJ, Jiménez-Guerra Á. Osteoblastic Cell Behavior and Gene Expression Related to Bone Metabolism on Different Titanium Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043523. [PMID: 36834936 PMCID: PMC9967211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface topography of titanium dental implants has a great influence on osseointegration. In this work, we try to determine the osteoblastic behavior and gene expression of cells with different titanium surfaces and relate them to the physicochemical properties of the surface. For this purpose, we have used commercial titanium discs of grade 3: as-received corresponds to machined titanium without any surface treatment (MA), chemically acid etched (AE), treated via sand blasting with Al2O3 particles (SB) and a sand-blasting treatment with acid etching (SB+AE). The surfaces have been observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the roughness, wettability and surface energy with dispersive and polar components have been characterized. Osteoblastic cultures were performed with SaOS-2 osteoblastic cells determining cell viability as well as alkaline phosphatase levels for 3 and 21 days, and osteoblastic gene expression was determined. The roughness values of the MA discs was 0.02 μm, which increases to 0.3 μm with acid attack and becomes the maximum for the sand-blasted samples, reaching values of 1.2 μm for SB and SB+AE. The hydrophilic behavior of the MA and AE samples with contact angles of 63° and 65° is superior to that of the rougher samples, being 75° for SB and 82° for SB+AE. In all cases, they show good hydrophilicity. GB and GB+AE surfaces present a higher polar component in the surface energy values, 11.96 and 13.18 mJ/m2, respectively, than AE and MA, 6.64 and 9.79 mJ/m2, respectively. The osteoblastic cell viability values at three days do not show statistically significant differences between the four surfaces. However, the viability of the SB and SB+AE surfaces at 21 days is much higher than that of the AE and MA samples. From the alkaline phosphatase studies, higher values were observed for those treated with sand blasting with and without acid etching compared to the other two surfaces, indicating a greater activity in osteoblastic differentiation. In all cases except in the Osterix (Ostx) -osteoblast-specific transcription factor-a decrease in gene expression is observed in relation to the MA samples (control). The most important increase was observed for the SB+AE condition. A decrease in the gene expression of Osteoprotegerine (OPG), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) and Alkaline Phosphatase (Alp) genes was observed in the AE surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain lomonsalve Hotmail.es
| | - Isabel Fos-Parra
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain lomonsalve Hotmail.es
| | - Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain lomonsalve Hotmail.es
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Iván Ortiz-García
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain lomonsalve Hotmail.es
| | - Mercè Giner
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Bocio-Núñez
- Bone Metabolism Unit, UGC Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avda. Dr. Fedriani s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, c/Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain lomonsalve Hotmail.es
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11
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Daniel M, Eleršič Filipič K, Filová E, Judl T, Fojt J. Modelling the role of membrane mechanics in cell adhesion on titanium oxide nanotubes. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:281-290. [PMID: 35380071 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2058875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium surface treated with titanium oxide nanotubes was used in many studies to quantify the effect of surface topography on cell fate. However, the predicted optimal diameter of nanotubes considerably differs among studies. We propose a model that explains cell adhesion to a nanostructured surface by considering the deformation energy of cell protrusions into titanium nanotubes and the adhesion to the surface. The optimal surface topology is defined as a geometry that gives the membrane a minimum energy shape. A dimensionless parameter, the cell interaction index, was proposed to describe the interplay between the cell membrane bending, the intrinsic curvature, and the strength of cell adhesion. Model simulation shows that an optimal nanotube diameter ranging from 20 nm to 100 nm (cell interaction index between 0.2 and 1, respectively) is feasible within a certain range of parameters describing cell membrane adhesion and bending. The results indicate a possibility to tune the topology of a nanostructural surface in order to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of cells mechanically compatible with the given surface geometry while suppressing the growth of other mechanically incompatible cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Daniel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Eva Filová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Jaroslav Fojt
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Cheng Y, Pang SW. Effects of nanopillars and surface coating on dynamic traction force. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:6. [PMID: 36620393 PMCID: PMC9814462 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix serves as structural support for cells and provides biophysical and biochemical cues for cell migration. Topography, material, and surface energy can regulate cell migration behaviors. Here, the responses of MC3T3-E1 cells, including migration speed, morphology, and spreading on various platform surfaces, were investigated. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropost sensing platforms with nanopillars, silicon oxide, and titanium oxide on top of the microposts were fabricated, and the dynamic cell traction force during migration was monitored. The relationships between various platform surfaces, migration behaviors, and cell traction forces were studied. Compared with the flat PDMS surface, cells on silicon oxide and titanium oxide surfaces showed reduced mobility and less elongation. On the other hand, cells on the nanopillar surface showed more elongation and a higher migration speed than cells on silicon oxide and titanium oxide surfaces. MC3T3-E1 cells on microposts with nanopillars exerted a larger traction force than those on flat PDMS microposts and had more filopodia and long protrusions. Understanding the relationships between platform surface condition, migration behavior, and cell traction force can potentially lead to better control of cell migration in biomaterials capable of promoting tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stella W. Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Romero‐Gavilán F, Cerqueira A, García‐Arnáez I, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J. Proteomic evaluation of human osteoblast responses to titanium implants over time. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:45-59. [PMID: 36054528 PMCID: PMC9804409 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is widely used in bone prostheses due to its excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration capacity. To understand the effect of sandblasted acid-etched (SAE) Ti implants on the biological responses of human osteoblast (HOb), their proteomic profiles were analyzed using nLC-MS/MS. The cells were cultured with the implant materials, and 2544 distinct proteins were detected in samples taken after 1, 3, and 7 days. Comparative analyses of proteomic data were performed using Perseus software. The expression of proteins related to EIF2, mTOR, insulin-secretion and IGF pathways showed marked differences in cells grown with SAE-Ti in comparison with cells cultured without Ti. Moreover, the proteomic profiles obtained with SAE-Ti were compared over time. The affected proteins were related to adhesion, immunity, oxidative stress, coagulation, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and extracellular matrix formation functions. The proliferation, mineralization and osteogenic gene expression in HObs cultured with SAE-Ti were characterized in vitro. The results showed that the osteoblasts exposed to this material increase their mineralization rate and expression of COLI, RUNX2, SP7, CTNNB1, CAD13, IGF2, MAPK2, and mTOR. Overall, the observed proteomic profiles can explain the SAE-Ti osteogenic properties, widening our knowledge of key signaling pathways taking part in the early stages of the osseointegration process in this type of implantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero‐Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and DesignUniversitat Jaume ICastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and DesignUniversitat Jaume ICastellón de la PlanaSpain
| | - Iñaki García‐Arnáez
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and TechnologyUniversidad del País VascoSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed‐ISCIIIBizkaia Science and Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed‐ISCIIIBizkaia Science and Technology ParkDerioSpain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and TechnologyUniversidad del País VascoSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and TechnologyUniversidad del País VascoSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and DesignUniversitat Jaume ICastellón de la PlanaSpain
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14
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Foroushani FT, Dzobo K, Khumalo NP, Mora VZ, de Mezerville R, Bayat A. Advances in surface modifications of the silicone breast implant and impact on its biocompatibility and biointegration. Biomater Res 2022; 26:80. [PMID: 36517896 PMCID: PMC9749192 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone breast implants are commonly used for cosmetic and oncologic surgical indications owing to their inertness and being nontoxic. However, complications including capsular contracture and anaplastic large cell lymphoma have been associated with certain breast implant surfaces over time. Novel implant surfaces and modifications of existing ones can directly impact cell-surface interactions and enhance biocompatibility and integration. The extent of foreign body response induced by breast implants influence implant success and integration into the body. This review highlights recent advances in breast implant surface technologies including modifications of implant surface topography and chemistry and effects on protein adsorption, and cell adhesion. A comprehensive online literature search was performed for relevant articles using the following keywords silicone breast implants, foreign body response, cell adhesion, protein adsorption, and cell-surface interaction. Properties of silicone breast implants impacting cell-material interactions including surface roughness, wettability, and stiffness, are discussed. Recent studies highlighting both silicone implant surface activation strategies and modifications to enhance biocompatibility in order to prevent capsular contracture formation and development of anaplastic large cell lymphoma are presented. Overall, breast implant surface modifications are being extensively investigated in order to improve implant biocompatibility to cater for increased demand for both cosmetic and oncologic surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tavakoli Foroushani
- Wound and Keloid Scarring Research Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- Wound and Keloid Scarring Research Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla P Khumalo
- Wound and Keloid Scarring Research Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Wound and Keloid Scarring Research Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, The South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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15
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Shirazi S, Ravindran S, Cooper LF. Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121903. [PMID: 36410109 PMCID: PMC10148651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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16
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Chen C, Huang B, Liu Y, Liu F, Lee IS. Functional engineering strategies of 3D printed implants for hard tissue replacement. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac094. [PMID: 36683758 PMCID: PMC9845531 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology with the rapid development of printing materials are widely recognized as a promising way to fabricate bioartificial bone tissues. In consideration of the disadvantages of bone substitutes, including poor mechanical properties, lack of vascularization and insufficient osteointegration, functional modification strategies can provide multiple functions and desired characteristics of printing materials, enhance their physicochemical and biological properties in bone tissue engineering. Thus, this review focuses on the advances of functional engineering strategies for 3D printed biomaterials in hard tissue replacement. It is structured as introducing 3D printing technologies, properties of printing materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) and typical functional engineering strategies utilized in the application of bone, cartilage and joint regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China
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17
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Hosseini SA, Javad Hoseini S, Askari VR, Salarinia R, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Tara F, Kermani F, Nazarnezhad S, Kargozar S. Pectin-reinforced electrospun nanofibers: Fabrication and characterization of highly biocompatible mats for wound healing applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Walter N, Stich T, Docheva D, Alt V, Rupp M. Evolution of implants and advancements for osseointegration: A narrative review. Injury 2022; 53 Suppl 3:S69-S73. [PMID: 35948509 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, reduction and internal fixation has been applied to restore skeletal integrity. Despite advances in the understanding of fracture healing, the risk of complication such as implant loosening or implant-related infection still depicts a challenging complication. Nowadays, a great deal of research is devoted to unreveal the impact of implant surface modifications on osteogenic processes to enhance bone consolidation and osseointegration. This narrative review is aimed to (1) show the evolution and already achieved milestones of implant optimization, and (2) to outline the key factors that contribute to an enhanced osseointegration. Different physical and chemical roughening techniques are currently applied in various studies. Surface patterning on the nanoscale has been found to be an essential factor for the biological response, achievable by e.g. anodisation or laser texturing. Besides surface roughening, also different coating methods are vastly investigated. Next to metal or inorganic compounds as coating material, a variety of biomolecules is currently studied for their osteosupportive capacities. Osseointegration can be improved by surface modification on the micro and nanoscale. Bioactive agents can further improve the osseointegration potential. Used agents at the moment are e.g. inorganic compounds, growth factors (BMPs and non-BMPs) and antiresorptive drugs. The advancement in research on new implant generations therefore aims at actively supporting osseointegration processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nike Walter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theresia Stich
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration, Orthopaedic Hospital König-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
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19
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Ferro F, Azzolin F, Spelat R, Bevilacqua L, Maglione M. Assessing the Efficacy of Whole-Body Titanium Dental Implant Surface Modifications in Inducing Adhesion, Proliferation, and Osteogenesis in Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cells. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040206. [PMID: 36412847 PMCID: PMC9680380 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the influence of titanium implants' micro-surface properties on titanium discs has been extensively investigated, the research has not taken into consideration their whole-body effect, which may be considered possible using a combinatorial approach. METHODS Five titanium dental implants with a similar moderate roughness and different surface textures were thoroughly characterized. The cell adhesion and proliferation were assessed after adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded on whole-body implants. The implants' inductive properties were assessed by evaluating the osteoblastic gene expression. RESULTS The surface micro-topography was analyzed, showing that hydroxyapatite (HA)-blasted and bland acid etching implants had the highest roughness and a lower number of surface particles. Cell adhesion was observed after 24 h on all the implants, with the highest score registered for the HA-blasted and bland acid etching implants. Cell proliferation was observed only on the laser-treated and double-acid-etched surfaces. The ADSCs expressed collagen type I, osteonectin, and alkaline phosphatase on all the implant surfaces, with high levels on the HA-treated surfaces, which also triggered osteocalcin expression on day seven. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show that the morphology and treatment of whole titanium dental implants, primarily HA-treated and bland acid etching implants, impact the adherence and activity of ADSCs in osteogenic differentiation in the absence of specific osteo-inductive signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferro
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Azzolin
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renza Spelat
- Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bevilacqua
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Maglione
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
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20
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Osman MA, Alamoush RA, Kushnerev E, Seymour KG, Watts DC, Yates JM. Biological response of epithelial and connective tissue cells to titanium surfaces with different ranges of roughness: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1777-1788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Formation of Oxide Layer and Wettability on the Surface of Electrical Discharge Machining-Based Implant Engineered by Micro-Finishing. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.4028/p-8u998r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to promote rapid osseointegration is an important criterion on the titanium implant surface. This performance is greatly determined by the roughness, wettability, and composition of the implant surface. This study aims to investigate the oxide layer formation and wettability on the EDM-titanium implant surface engineered by different micro-finishing methods (i.e. mechanical, physical, and chemical processes). The oxide layer formation was investigated by observing the wt% of oxygen formed while the wettability criterion was studied by determining the contact angle between the liquid and solid surface. The result reveals that the oxide layers formed on the sample surface, excepting Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 95%-etched, show an interaction with the surface roughness and its wettability. The smoother the surface roughness of the sample, the lower the percentage of the oxide layer and the contact angle formed on the sample surface. In this aspect, the ultrasonic cleaning benchmark has the highest percentage by altering 18.84% of the oxide layer formed by the EDM process while the decrease of 75.89% generated by the H2SO4-etching is the lowest one. On the other hand, the higher the percentage of the oxide layer formation, the lower the wettability of the sample surface. In this aspect, the ultrasonic cleaning benchmark has the lowest wettability with a contact angle of 124º (hydrophilic) while HCl-etching is the lowest with 45º (hydrophobic). The results are notable that the ultrasonic cleaning method is able to alter wt% of the oxygen on the EDM-titanium implant surface, whereas the acid etching method can be recommended as a worthy method of the surface finishing for the semi-permanent type of implant.
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22
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Development and characterization of natural rubber latex wound dressings enriched with hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles for biomedical uses. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Larsson L, Kavanagh NM, Nguyen TVN, Castilho RM, Berglundh T, Giannobile WV. Influence of epigenetics on periodontitis and peri-implantitis pathogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:125-137. [PMID: 35913702 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease characterized by tooth-associated microbial biofilms that drive chronic inflammation and destruction of periodontal-supporting tissues. In some individuals, disease progression can lead to tooth loss. A similar condition can occur around dental implants in the form of peri-implantitis. The immune response to bacterial challenges is not only influenced by genetic factors, but also by environmental factors. Epigenetics involves the study of gene function independent of changes to the DNA sequence and its associated proteins, and represents a critical link between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to contribute to the progression of several diseases, including chronic inflammatory diseases like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This review aims to present the latest findings on epigenetic influences on periodontitis and to discuss potential mechanisms that may influence peri-implantitis, given the paucity of information currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nolan M Kavanagh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trang V N Nguyen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rogerio M Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tord Berglundh
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Hadzik J, Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Simka W, Gębarowski T, Barg E, Cieśla-Niechwiadowicz A, Trzcionka Szajna A, Szajna E, Gedrange T, Kozakiewicz M, Dominiak M, Jurczyszyn K. Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis in the Assessment of Experimental Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) Dental Implant Surface-In Vitro Study Preliminary Report. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082713. [PMID: 35454406 PMCID: PMC9027964 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are the sub-wavelength periodic nanostructures generated by the femtosecond laser. Implant topography and its nanostructural changes can be important for biomedical applications. In order to compare the surface topography of different implants, appropriate mathematical and physical descriptive methods should be provided. The aim of the study was to evaluate the experimental LIPSS-based—Low Spatial Frequency LIPSS (LSFL) dental implant surfaces. Novel methods of surface analysis, such as Fractal Dimension Analysis and Texture Analysis, were compared to the standard surface roughness evaluation. Secondary, cell viability, and attachment tests were applied in order to evaluate the biological properties of the new titanium surface and to compare their correlation with the physical properties of the new surfaces. A Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF) cytotoxicity test did not show an impact on the vitality of the cells. Our study has shown that the laser LIPSS implant surface modifications significantly improved the cell adhesion to the tested surfaces. We observed a strong correlation of adhesion and the growth of cells on the tested surface, with an increase in implant surface roughness with the best results for the moderately rough (2 μm) surfaces. Texture and fractal dimension analyses are promising methods to evaluate dental implants with complex geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hadzik
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (M.D.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (M.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Barg
- Department of Medical Science Foundation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.B.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Aneta Cieśla-Niechwiadowicz
- Department of Medical Science Foundation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.B.); (A.C.-N.)
| | | | | | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Department of Orthodontics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Military Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (M.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.-R.); (M.D.); (K.J.)
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Markel DC, Dietz P, Provenzano G, Bou-akl T, Ren WP. Attachment and Growth of Fibroblasts and Tenocytes Within a Porous Titanium Scaffold: A Bioreactor Approach. Arthroplast Today 2022; 14:231-236.e1. [PMID: 35510067 PMCID: PMC9059072 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct attachment of tendons to metallic implants is important in orthopedics. Tissue integration depends on scaffold microstructure and composition. This study evaluated the effect of pore size of titanium on the viability and function of fibroblasts and tenocytes in a dynamic bioreactor. Methods Standardized Ti porous cylinders with 3 pore sizes (400, 700, and 1000 μm) were seeded with fibroblasts or tenocytes (4500 cells/μL) in silicon tubes. Cells were analyzed via alamarBlue (AB) assay in addition to scanning electron microscopy at day 7 (fibroblasts) or day 8 (tenocytes) and day 15. AB functions as a cell health indicator where functional living cells reduce the resazurin dye (blue) in the solution to resorufin (pink), and cell viability can be quantified via spectroscopy. Results At day 7, fibroblasts cultured on all sizes reduced AB, with significant differences noted between 400 vs 1000 μm (P = .013) and 700 vs 1000 μm (P = .001). At day 15, fibroblasts reduced AB on all sizes with a significant difference noted between 700 vs 1000 μm (P = .004). Fibroblasts on all 3 pore sizes increased AB reduction from day 7 to day 15. Tenocytes reduced AB with significant differences between the 400 vs 700 μm (P = .049) and the 400 vs 1000 μm pore sizes at day 8. In contrast, tenocyte reduction of AB decreased from day 8 to day 15. Scanning electron microscopy performed on fibroblast cylinders showed fibroblasts reached the surface of the cylinders, confirming interconnectivity. Conclusions While both fibroblasts and tenocytes penetrated the pores, fibroblasts preferred larger size, whereas tenocytes favored smaller size. Results are encouraging since soft-tissue attachment to a metallic scaffold is difficult but clinically desirable. Future studies could be performed in an in vivo animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Markel
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- The Core Institute, Novi, MI, USA
| | - Paula Dietz
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | | | - Therese Bou-akl
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Zuo R, Lu X, Wei C, Xiong S, Chen J, Zhang S, Huang P, Yang B. The response of bioactive titanium surfaces with different structure to UVC-irradiation to eliminate the negative effect on biological properties during aging time. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35042197 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac4c8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biological aging of titanium implants affects the service lifetime negatively in clinical applications, and UV irradiation is an applicable method to overcome the biological aging. This study investigated the changes in surface characteristics and biological properties of bioactive titanium surfaces with different structure and topography after UVC-irradiation. The bioactive titanium surfaces were prepared by anodizing (AO), sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA), acid-alkali etching (AA), alkali-heat etching (AH) methods. Samples were stored at dark for 7 weeks to simulate biological aging process and then irradiated by UVC for 2 hours. The results showed that the Ti-OH groups, which are crucial to enhance the biological properties, were easier to be generated on AO surfaces by UVC-irradiation, o owing to a mixture of anatase and rutile on surfaces. UVC-irradiation had the strongest effect on AO surfaces to enhance the bioactivity in bone-like apatite deposition and better biocompatibility in MSCs attachment and proliferation. Therefore, titanium surfaces with a mixture phase of anatase and rutile has the potential to effectively utilize the benefits of UVC-irradiation to overcome the negative effects of the biological aging and have a promising clinical application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zuo
- Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
| | - Xugang Lu
- Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
| | - Changsheng Wei
- Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
| | - Shibing Xiong
- Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
| | - Jun Chen
- Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
| | - Ping Huang
- Panzhihua University, No. 10, Airport Road of East District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, Panzhihua, Sichuan, 617000, CHINA
| | - Bangcheng Yang
- Centre for Engineering Research in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, CHINA
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Stich T, Alagboso F, Křenek T, Kovářík T, Alt V, Docheva D. Implant-bone-interface: Reviewing the impact of titanium surface modifications on osteogenic processes in vitro and in vivo. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10239. [PMID: 35079626 PMCID: PMC8780039 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium is commonly and successfully used in dental and orthopedic implants. However, patients still have to face the risk of implant failure due to various reasons, such as implant loosening or infection. The risk of implant loosening can be countered by optimizing the osteointegration capacity of implant materials. Implant surface modifications for structuring, roughening and biological activation in favor for osteogenic differentiation have been vastly studied. A key factor for a successful stable long-term integration is the initial cellular response to the implant material. Hence, cell-material interactions, which are dependent on the surface parameters, need to be considered in the implant design. Therefore, this review starts with an introduction to the basics of cell-material interactions as well as common surface modification techniques. Afterwards, recent research on the impact of osteogenic processes in vitro and vivo provoked by various surface modifications is reviewed and discussed, in order to give an update on currently applied and developing implant modification techniques for enhancing osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Stich
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
| | - Francisca Alagboso
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
| | - Tomáš Křenek
- New Technologies Research CentreUniversity of West BohemiaPilsenCzech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kovářík
- New Technologies Research CentreUniversity of West BohemiaPilsenCzech Republic
| | - Volker Alt
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma SurgeryUniversity Regensburg Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
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Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Deposition on Titanium Implant Surfaces: Cellular and Molecular Evidences. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111710. [PMID: 34829938 PMCID: PMC8615957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface structure of the titanium dental implants can modulate the activity of mesenchymal stem cells in order to promote the upregulation of osteoblastic related genes and the release of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The present work was focused on the in vitro evaluation of the interaction of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and two different implant titanium surfaces topography (CTRL and TEST). This study was aimed at analyzing the cytotoxicity of the dental implant surfaces, the cellular adhesion capacity, and the improvement in the release of ECM molecules in an in vitro model. These parameters were carried out by means of the microscopic evaluation, viability assays, immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-PCR investigations. The knowledge of the cell/implant interaction is essential for implant healing in order to obtain a more performing surfaces that promote the ECM release and provide the starting point to initiate the osseointegration process.
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Kanemoto Y, Miyaji H, Nishida E, Miyata S, Mayumi K, Yoshino Y, Kato A, Sugaya T, Akasaka T, Nathanael AJ, Santhakumar S, Oyane A. Periodontal tissue engineering using an apatite/collagen scaffold obtained by a plasma- and precursor-assisted biomimetic process. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:205-218. [PMID: 34786723 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the treatment of severe periodontal destruction, there is a strong demand for advanced scaffolds that can regenerate periodontal tissues with adequate quality and quantity. Recently, we developed a plasma- and precursor-assisted biomimetic process by which a porous collagen scaffold (CS) could be coated with low-crystalline apatite. The apatite-coated collagen scaffold (Ap-CS) promotes cellular ingrowth within the scaffold compared to CS in rat subcutaneous tissue. In the present study, the osteogenic activity of Ap-CS was characterized by cell culture and rat skull augmentation tests. In addition, the periodontal tissue reconstruction with Ap-CS in a beagle dog was compared to that with CS. METHODS The plasma- and precursor-assisted biomimetic process was applied to CS to obtain Ap-CS with a low-crystalline apatite coating. The effects of apatite coating on the scaffold characteristics (i.e., surface morphology, water absorption, Ca release, protein adsorption, and enzymatic degradation resistance) were assessed. Cyto-compatibility and the osteogenic properties of Ap-CS and CS were assessed in vitro using preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, we performed in vivo studies to evaluate bone augmentation and periodontal tissue reconstruction with Ap-CS and CS in a rat skull and canine furcation lesion, respectively. RESULTS As previously reported, the plasma- and precursor-assisted biomimetic process generated a low-crystalline apatite layer with a nanoporous structure that uniformly covered the Ap-CS surface. Ap-CS showed significantly higher water absorption, Ca release, lysozyme adsorption, and collagenase resistance than CS. Cell culture experiments revealed that Ap-CS was superior to CS in promoting the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells while suppressing their proliferation. Additionally, Ap-CS significantly promoted (compared to CS) the augmentation of the rat skull bone and showed the potential to regenerate alveolar bone in a dog furcation defect. CONCLUSION Ap-CS fabricated by the plasma- and precursor-assisted biomimetic process provided superior promotion of osteogenic differentiation and bone neoformation compared to CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Kanemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Erika Nishida
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kayoko Mayumi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuto Yoshino
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihito Kato
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Syama Santhakumar
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayako Oyane
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Marconi GD, Fonticoli L, Della Rocca Y, Rajan TS, Piattelli A, Trubiani O, Pizzicannella J, Diomede F. Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Response to Titanium Implant Surface: Extracellular Matrix Deposition. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:931. [PMID: 34571808 PMCID: PMC8470763 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The major challenge for dentistry is to provide the patient an oral rehabilitation to maintain healthy bone conditions in order to reduce the time for loading protocols. Advancement in implant surface design is necessary to favour and promote the osseointegration process. The surface features of titanium dental implant can promote a relevant influence on the morphology and differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells, induction of the osteoblastic genes expression and the release of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The present study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of two different dental implants with titanium surfaces, TEST and CTRL, to culture the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Expression of ECM components such as Vimentin, Fibronectin, N-cadherin, Laminin, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), and the osteogenic related markers, as runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were investigated. Human PDLSCs cultured on the TEST implant surface demonstrated a better cell adhesion capability as observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, immunofluorescence and Western blot experiments showed an over expression of Fibronectin, Laminin, N-cadherin and RUNX2 in hPDLSCs seeded on TEST implant surface. The gene expression study by RT-PCR validated the results obtained in protein assays and exhibited the expression of RUNX2, ALP, Vimentin (VIM), Fibronectin (FN1), N-cadherin (CDH2), Laminin (LAMB1), FAK and ITGB1 in hPDLSCs seeded on TEST surface compared to the CTRL dental implant surface. Understanding the mechanisms of ECM components release and its regulation are essential for developing novel strategies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our results demonstrated that the impact of treated surfaces of titanium dental implants might increase and accelerate the ECM apposition and provide the starting point to initiate the osseointegration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.); (F.D.)
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.D.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.); (F.D.)
| | | | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.F.); (Y.D.R.); (O.T.); (F.D.)
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Kumar A, Nasreen S, Bandgar S, Bhowmick D, Vatsa R, Priyadarshni P. Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Bone Loss and Implant Failure Rate in Smokers and Nonsmokers. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S203-S206. [PMID: 34447076 PMCID: PMC8375922 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_676_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking impose various ill-effects on the alveolar bone concerning dental implants including reduced bone height, delayed healing of bone, poor peri-implant bone formation, increased bone loss, and peri-implantitis. Aims: The present clinical trial was aimed to analyze the smoking effect on dental implant survival rate as well as marginal bone loss in dental implants. Materials and Methods: Out of 86 patients, Group I had 43 patients who were smokers and Group II had nonsmokers. Following the implant placement, marginal bone loss radiographically and mobility were assessed clinically at 3, 6, and 12 months after implant loading. Results: The mean marginal loss seen in smokers at 3 months was 2.13 ± 0.21, 2.46 ± 0.09, 2.60 ± 0.0.92, and 2.74 ± 0.11 for maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, and mandibular posterior regions, respectively. The 12-month recall visit showed a higher proportion of smokers having implant mobility. In smokers, 13.95% (n = 6) of the study participants had implant mobility, whereas 6.97% (n = 3) of the nonsmokers had mobility. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with long-term implant failure which is directly proportional to the duration ad frequency of smoking. Furthermore, smoking has a detrimental effect on dental implants and its surrounding bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Saba Nasreen
- Department of Dentistry, SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Subhash Bandgar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devleena Bhowmick
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radilogy, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Bahadurgarh, Harayana, India
| | - Ritesh Vatsa
- Department of Dentistry, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
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Kim JC, Yeo ISL. Bone Response to Conventional Titanium Implants and New Zirconia Implants Produced by Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164405. [PMID: 34442927 PMCID: PMC8401228 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo bone response to an additively manufactured zirconia surface compared to osseointegration into titanium (Ti) surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis were performed to assess the surface characteristics of implant specimens. For the in vivo evaluation, eight Ti implants and eight 3D-printed zirconia implants were used. The surface of four Ti implants was sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (Ti-SLA group), while those of the other four Ti implants were left untreated (Ti-turned group). The zirconia implants had no further surface modification. Implants were placed into the tibiae of four rabbits; two received the Ti-SLA and zirconia implants and the other two received Ti-turned and zirconia implants. The experimental animals were sacrificed after four weeks of surgery, and the undecalcified microscopic slides were prepared. The bone–implant interface was analyzed by histomorphometry to evaluate the bone response. The degree of surface roughness showed that Ti-SLA was the highest, followed by zirconia and Ti-turned surfaces. The 3D-printed zirconia surface showed similar bone-to-implant contact to the Ti-turned surface, and Ti-SLA had the most bone-to-implant contact. The additively manufactured zirconia implant surface is biocompatible with respect to osseointegration compared to the commercially pure Ti surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-2661; Fax: +82-2-2072-3860
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Al-Thomali Y, Basha S, Mohamed RN. Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews. Angle Orthod 2021; 92:127-136. [PMID: 34338745 DOI: 10.2319/020721-111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide collective quantitative evidence about the effect of surface treatments on the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews (MSs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42020209652). The research question was defined according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) format. Various research databases were searched for animal and human studies on effects of surface treatment on the mechanical stability of MSs. Both prospective and retrospective in vivo clinical studies published in English were included. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS A total of 109 articles were identified; 14 were included in the systematic review, and seven studies with sandblasting, acid etching (SLA) methods of surface treatment were included for meta-analysis. The number of study participants ranged from 6 to 24 (total n = 185), with a mean of 13.2. A total of 949 MSs were used with a mean of 67.8. The overall success rate for surface-treated MSs ranged from 47.9% to 100%. Forest plot of removal torque values showed significantly higher values for SLA surface-treated MSs compared with controls with a standard mean difference of 2.61 (95% confidence interval = 1.49-3.72, I2 = 85%). Forest plot of insertion torque showed a standard mean difference of -6.19 (95% confidence interval = -13.63-1.25, I2 = 98%, P = .10). CONCLUSIONS Surface treatment of MSs improved primary and secondary stability with good osseointegration at the bone-implant surface. However, significant heterogeneity across the studies included in the meta-analysis made it difficult to draw conclusions.
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Jun JH, Oh KC, Park KH, Jung N, Li J, Moon HS. Improvement of Osseointegration by Ultraviolet and/or Simvastatin Treatment on Titanium Implants with or without Bone Graft Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133707. [PMID: 34279277 PMCID: PMC8269879 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated and compared ultraviolet (UV) treatment and simvastatin (SIM) immersion effects on the osseointegration of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium dental implants at two different time points in rabbit tibias, with or without xenogenic bone graft materials. The surface alteration on simvastatin treatment titanium discs was analyzed using an infrared spectrometer. Implants were categorized into four groups according to the surface treatment type. Twelve rabbits received two implants per tibia. A tibial defect model was created using a trephine bur, with implants in contact with the bone surface and bovine bone graft materials for gap filling. The rabbits were sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks. UV treatment or SIM immersion increased the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) on nongrafted sides, and both increased the BIC and bone area (BA) on grafted sides. The application of both treatments did not result in higher BIC or BA than a single treatment. At two different time points, BIC in the nongrafted sides did not differ significantly among the UV and/or SIM treated groups, whereas BA differed significantly. UV or SIM treatment of SLA titanium implants accelerates osseointegration in tibias with or without xenogenic bone graft materials. The combination of both treatments did not show synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
- Aeromedical Squadron, Republic of Korea Air Force 8th Fighter Wing, Wonju 26304, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Oh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (N.J.)
| | - Narae Jung
- Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (N.J.)
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Seok Moon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3155; Fax: +82-2-312-3598
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Impact of Implant Surface Material and Microscale Roughness on the Initial Attachment and Proliferation of Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050356. [PMID: 33922217 PMCID: PMC8145850 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rising demand for zirconia (Zr) based implant systems, it is important to understand the impact of Zr and titanium (Ti) implants and particularly their topography on soft tissue healing. As human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) are the predominant cells in peri-implant soft tissue, we focused on examining the effect of implant material and surface roughness on hGFs' initial attachment, growth and the expression of proteins involved in the focal adhesion. hGFs isolated from eight healthy donors were cultured on the following surfaces: smooth titanium machined surface (TiM), smooth zirconia machined surface (ZrM), moderately rough titanium surface (SLA), or moderately rough zirconia surface (ZLA) for up to 14 days. The initial attachment of hGFs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation/viability was assessed by cell counting kit 8. Focal adhesion and cytoskeleton were visualized by a focal adhesion staining kit. The gene expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and integrin subunits ITG-β1, ITG-β4, ITG-α4, ITG-α5, ITG-α6, was evaluated by qPCR. Cell proliferation/viability was slightly decreased by moderately rough surfaces, whereas no effect of surface material was observed. Cell morphology was strikingly different between differently treated surfaces: on machined surfaces, cells had elongated morphology and were attached along the grooves, whereas on moderately rough surfaces, cells were randomly attached. Surface roughness had a more pronounced effect on the gene expression compared to the surface material. The expression of FAK, α-SMA, ITG-β4, ITG-α5, and ITG-α6 was enhanced by moderately rough surfaces compared to smooth surfaces. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the behavior of primary hGFs is primarily affected by surface structure, whereas no apparent advantage of Zr over Ti could be observed.
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Synergistic Effect of rhBMP-2 Protein and Nanotextured Titanium Alloy Surface to Improve Osteogenic Implant Properties. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major limitations during titanium (Ti) implant osseointegration is the poor cellular interactions at the biointerface. In the present study, the combined effect of recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and nanopatterned Ti6Al4V fabricated with Directed irradiation synthesis (DIS) is investigated in vitro. This environmentally-friendly plasma uses ions to create self-organized nanostructures on the surfaces. Nanocones (≈36.7 nm in DIS 80°) and thinner nanowalls (≈16.5 nm in DIS 60°) were fabricated depending on DIS incidence angle and observed via scanning electron microscopy. All samples have a similar crystalline structure and wettability, except for sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) and acid-etched/anodized (Anodized) samples which are more hydrophilic. Biological results revealed that the viability and adhesion properties (vinculin expression and cell spreading) of DIS 80° with BMP-2 were similar to those polished with BMP-2, yet we observed more filopodia on DIS 80° (≈39 filopodia/cell) compared to the other samples (<30 filopodia/cell). BMP-2 increased alkaline phosphatase activity in all samples, tending to be higher in DIS 80°. Moreover, in the mineralization studies, DIS 80° with BMP-2 and Anodized with BMP-2 increased the formation of calcium deposits (>3.3 fold) compared to polished with BMP-2. Hence, this study shows there is a synergistic effect of BMP-2 and DIS surface modification in improving Ti biological properties which could be applied to Ti bone implants to treat bone disease.
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Matsumoto T, Tashiro Y, Komasa S, Miyake A, Komasa Y, Okazaki J. Effects of Surface Modification on Adsorption Behavior of Cell and Protein on Titanium Surface by Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance System. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010097. [PMID: 33379367 PMCID: PMC7795237 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary stability and osseointegration are major challenges in dental implant treatments, where the material surface properties and wettability are critical in the early formation of hard tissue around the implant. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to measure the nanogram level amount of protein and bone marrow cells adhered to the surfaces of titanium (Ti) surface in real time. The effects of ultraviolet (UV) and atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment to impart surface hydrophilicity to the implant surface were evaluated. The surface treatment methods resulted in a marked decrease in the surface carbon (C) content and increase in the oxygen (O) content, along with super hydrophilicity. The results of QCM measurements showed that adhesion of both adhesive proteins and bone marrow cells was enhanced after surface treatment. Although both methods produced implants with good osseointegration behavior and less reactive oxidative species, the samples treated with atmospheric pressure plasma showed the best overall performance and are recommended for clinical use. It was verified that QCM is an effective method for analyzing the initial adhesion process on dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Matsumoto
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Yuichiro Tashiro
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.T.); (J.O.)
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.T.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3084; Fax: +81-72-864-3184
| | - Akiko Miyake
- Department of Japan Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yutaka Komasa
- Department of Japan Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Joji Okazaki
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.T.); (J.O.)
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Brogini S, Sartori M, Giavaresi G, Cremascoli P, Alemani F, Bellini D, Martini L, Maglio M, Pagani S, Fini M. Osseointegration of additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Cr-Mo alloys, with and without surface functionalization with hydroxyapatite and type I collagen. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104262. [PMID: 33321396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has profoundly revolutionized the implant manufacturing industry, with a particularly significant impact on the field of orthopedics. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) represents AM fabrication techniques with a pivotal role in the realization of complex and innovative structure starting from virtual 3D model data. In this study, Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Cr-Mo materials, developed by EBM (Ti-POR) and DMLS (Co-POR) techniques, respectively, with hydroxyapatite (Ti-POR + HA; Co-POR + HA) and type I collagen (Ti-POR-COLL; Co-POR-COLL) coatings, were implanted into lateral femoral condyles of rabbits. Osseointegration process was investigated by histological, histomorphometrical and microhardness evaluations at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Both Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Cr-Mo implants, with or without HA and COLL coatings, demonstrated good biocompatibility. As expected, HA coating hastened bone-to-implant contact (BIC) process, while collagen did not significantly improved the osseointegration process in comparison to controls. Regarding newly trabecular bone formation (B.Ar/T.Ar), Co-POR presented the highest values, significantly different from those of Co-POR-COLL. Over time, an increase of BIC parameter and a decrease of B.Ar/T.Ar were detected. Higher mineral apposition rate was observed for Ti-POR and Co-POR in comparison to Ti-POR-COLL and Co-POR-COLL, respectively, at 12 weeks. The same behavior was found for bone formation rate between Co-POR and Co-POR-COLL at 12 weeks. In conclusion, the AM materials guarantee a good osseointegration and provide a suitable environment for bone regeneration with the peculiarity of allowing personalized and patient-specific needs customization to further improve the long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brogini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Sartori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Martini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
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Jalali F, Oveisi H, Meshkini A. Enhanced osteogenesis properties of titanium implant materials by highly uniform mesoporous thin films of hydroxyapatite and titania intermediate layer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:114. [PMID: 33247350 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) has been widely used for medical and dental applications; however, bare Ti cannot be properly connected to a living bone, and hence some modifications are needed for this purpose. The present study describes the synthesis of mesoporous hydroxyapatite thin films (MHF) on titanium implant materials for speeding up and shortening the processes of osteointegration. The uniform MHF was coated on a Ti substrate following the insertion of intermediate titania (TiO2) film via the sol-gel dip-coating method. The intermediate titania layer improved the bonding strength between the MHF and Ti substrate. MHFs were synthesized using a precursor solution containing phosphoric acid, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, and a nonionic surfactant (C12E10) as the phosphate source, calcium source, and structure-directing agent, respectively. The effect of calcination temperature on phase composition, morphology, microstructure, roughness, and wettability of the MHFs was investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, COM, AFM, and contact angle measurement. The XRD results revealed the crystalline hydroxyapatite phase, which was improved with an increase in the calcination temperature. Moreover, the FE-SEM images showed the crack-free MHFs, uniform thickness of the layer, and mesoporous surface morphology. In addition, it was found that the roughness and wettability of the samples change upon the alteration of calcination temperature. The biological studies demonstrated that MHFs support the adhesion and proliferation of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and guid them toward osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, the MHFs prepared in this study may be useful in a wide range of applications, particularly in bone regeneration medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Jalali
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 9617976487, Iran
| | - Hamid Oveisi
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 9617976487, Iran.
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 9617976487, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Meshkini
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
- The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
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Evaluation of Preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 Cells Cultured on a Microporous Titanium Membrane Fabricated Using a Precise Mechanical Punching Process. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225288. [PMID: 33266468 PMCID: PMC7700521 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surface topography of Titanium (Ti) combined toughness and biocompatibility affects the attachment and migration of cells. Limited information of morphological characteristics, formed by precise machining in micron order, is currently available on the Ti that could promote osteoconduction. In the present study, a pure Ti membrane was pierced with precise 25 μm square holes at 75 μm intervals and appear burrs at the edge of aperture. We defined the surface without burrs as the “Head side” and that with burrs as the “Tail side”. The effects of the machining microtopography on the proliferation and differentiation of the preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells) were investigated. The cells were more likely to migrate to, and accumulate in, the aperture of holes on the head side, but grew uniformly regardless of holes on the tail side. The topography on the both surfaces increased osteopontin gene expression levels. Osteocalcin expression levels were higher on the head side than one on the blank scaffold and tail side (p < 0.05). The osteocalcin protein expression levels were higher on the tail side than on the head side after 21 days of cultivation, and were comparable to the proportion of the calcified area (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate the capacity of a novel microporous Ti membrane fabricated using a precise mechanical punching process to promote cell proliferation and activity.
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Jensen MB, Slots C, Ditzel N, Kolstrup S, Kassem M, Thygesen T, Andersen MØ. Treating mouse skull defects with 3D-printed fatty acid and tricalcium phosphate implants. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1858-1868. [PMID: 33098263 DOI: 10.1002/term.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skull surgery, also known as craniectomy, is done to treat trauma or brain diseases and may require the use of an implant to reestablish skull integrity. This study investigates the performance of 3D printed bone implants in a mouse model of craniectomy with the aim of making biodegradable porous implants that can ultimately be fitted to a patient's anatomy. A nonpolymeric thermoplastic bioink composed of fatty acids and β-tricalcium phosphate was used to 3D print the skull implants. Some of these were sintered to yield pure β-tricalcium phosphate implants. The performance of nonsintered and sintered implants was then compared in two semi-quantitative murine calvarial defect models using computed tomography, histology, and luciferase activity. Both types of implants were biocompatible, but only sintered implants promoted defect healing, with osseointegration to adjacent bone and the formation of new bone and bone marrow tissue in the implant pores. Luciferase scanning and histology showed that mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto the implants engraft and proliferate on the implants after implantation and contribute to forming bone. The experiments indicate that fatty acid-based 3D printing enables the creation of biocompatible and bone-forming β-tricalcium phosphate implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bonde Jensen
- Section for Biotechnology (SDU Biotechnology), Department of Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Particle3D ApS, Odense, Denmark
| | - Casper Slots
- Section for Biotechnology (SDU Biotechnology), Department of Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Particle3D ApS, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Kolstrup
- The Biomedical Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Thygesen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Østergaard Andersen
- Section for Biotechnology (SDU Biotechnology), Department of Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Soheilmoghaddam M, Padmanabhan H, Cooper-White JJ. Biomimetic cues from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite nano-fibrous scaffolds drive osteogenic commitment in human mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of osteogenic factor supplements. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5677-5689. [PMID: 32915185 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the complex hierarchical architecture of the 'osteon', the functional unit of cortical bone, from the bottom-up offers the possibility of generating mature bone tissue in tissue engineered bone substitutes. In this work, a modular 'bottom-up' approach has been developed to assemble bone niche-mimicking nanocomposite scaffolds composed of aligned electrospun nanofibers of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) encapsulating aligned rod-shape nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nHA). By encoding axial orientation of the nHA within these aligned nanocomposite fibers, significant improvements in mechanical properties, surface roughness, hydrophilicity and in vitro simulated body fluid (SBF) mineral deposition were achieved. Moreover, these hierarchical scaffolds induced robust formation of bone hydroxyapatite and osteoblastic maturation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in growth media that was absent of any soluble osteogenic differentiation factors. The results of this investigation confirm that these tailored, aligned nanocomposite fibers, in the absence of media-bone inductive factors, offer the requisite biophysical and biochemical cues to hBMSCs to promote and support their differentiation into mature osteoblast cells and form early bone-like tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Soheilmoghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University Of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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McEntire BJ, Maslin G, Bal BS. Two-year results of a double-blind multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) versus silicon nitride spinal fusion cages in patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar disc disorders. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY 2020; 6:523-540. [PMID: 33102889 DOI: 10.21037/jss-20-588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background During lumbar spinal fusion, spacer cages are implanted to provide vertebral stability, restore sagittal alignment, and maintain disc and foraminal height. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is commonly used by most spine surgeons. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a less well-known alternative although it was first used as a spacer in lumbar fusion over 30 years ago. The present study was designed to see if Si3N4 cages would perform similarly to PEEK in a randomized controlled trial. Methods A non-inferiority multicenter 100-patient study was designed where both the observer and patient were blinded. Single- or double-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation using an oblique PEEK or Si3N4 cage was performed. The primary non-inferiority outcome was the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Secondary measures included the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for back and leg pain, SF-36 Physical and Mental Function indices, patient and surgeon Likert scores on perceived recovery, and X-ray and CT radiological evaluations for subsidence, segmental motion, and fusion. Follow-up evaluations occurred at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results After exclusions for protocol violations and canceled surgeries, 92 patients were randomized (i.e., 48 for PEEK and 44 for Si3N4). There were no differences in baseline demographics, pre-operative disabilities, or pain scores between the groups. Both treatment arms showed significant improvements in disability, pain, and recovery scores. No significant differences were observed for subsidence, segmental motion, or fusion. For the primary outcome (i.e., RMDQ scores), the non-inferiority of Si3N4 compared to PEEK could not be established using the original protocol criteria. However, the comparison was undermined by larger than anticipated patient fallout coupled with higher than expected RMDQ score standard deviations. A post hoc analysis coupled with a more extensive review of the literature was conducted which resulted in the selection of a revised clinically justified non-inferiority margin; and using this method, the non-inferiority of Si3N4 was affirmed. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the use of either PEEK or Si3N4 cages is safe and effective for patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion for chronic degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Maslin
- Biomedical Statistical Consulting, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - B Sonny Bal
- SINTX Technologies, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Fontoura CP, Rodrigues MM, Garcia CSC, dos Santos Souza K, Henriques JAP, Zorzi JE, Roesch-Ely M, Aguzzoli C. Hollow cathode plasma nitriding of medical grade Ti6Al4V: A comprehensive study. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:353-370. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328220935378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ti6Al4V used in biomedical applications still has several surface-related problems, such as poor bone compatibility and low wear resistance. In this work, the formation of a protective layer of titanium nitride obtained by plasma treatment in hollow cathode was studied, and the best experimental conditions were verified by a statistical factorial design of experiments. The samples were characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties, correlating the effects of time (min) and temperature (°C). An achieved ideal condition was further analysed in terms of in vitro cytotoxicity, micro-abrasion, and electrochemical properties. The carried-out assessment has shown that nitrided condition has an improvement in wettability, microhardness, along with TixNy formation and roughness increment, when compared to pristine condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Padilha Fontoura
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melissa Machado Rodrigues
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Janete Eunice Zorzi
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch-Ely
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar Aguzzoli
- Área do Conhecimento de Ciências Exatas e Engenharias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais (PPGMAT), Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Biofunctionalization of Microgroove Surfaces with Antibacterial Nanocoatings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8387574. [PMID: 32626766 PMCID: PMC7317309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8387574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the physical properties of the modified microgroove (MG) and antibacterial nanocoated surfaces. In addition, the biological interactions of the modified surfaces with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the antibacterial activity of the surfaces against Porphyromonas gingivalis were studied. Methods The titanium nitride (TiN) and silver (Ag) coatings were deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering. A smooth titanium surface (Ti-S) was used as the control. The physicochemical properties including surface morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and an optical contact angle analyzer. The "contact guidance" morphology was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression level of the main focal adhesion-related structural protein vinculin was compared using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. The antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit. Results The Ag and TiN antibacterial nanocoatings were successfully deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering technology. TiN coating on a grooved surface (TiN-MG) resulted in less nanoroughness and greater surface hydrophilicity than Ag coating on a smooth surface (Ag-S), which was more hydrophobic. Cell proliferation and expression of vinculin were higher on the TiN-MG surface than on the Ag-coated surfaces. Ag-coated surfaces showed the strongest antibacterial activity, followed by TiN-coated surfaces. Conclusion Nano-Ag coating resulted in good antimicrobial activity; however, the biocompatibility was questionable. TiN nanocoating on an MG surface showed antibacterial properties with an optimal biocompatibility and maintained the "contact guidance" effects for HGFs.
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Friguglietti J, Das S, Le P, Fraga D, Quintela M, Gazze SA, McPhail D, Gu J, Sabek O, Gaber AO, Francis LW, Zagozdzon-Wosik W, Merchant FA. Novel Silicon Titanium Diboride Micropatterned Substrates for Cellular Patterning. Biomaterials 2020; 244:119927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Development of Robust Chitosan–Silica Class II Hybrid Coatings with Antimicrobial Properties for Titanium Implants. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop robust class II organic–inorganic films as antibacterial coatings on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants. Coating materials were prepared from organic chitosan (20–80 wt.%) coupled by 3-glycydoxytrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) with inorganic tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). These hybrid networks were imbedded with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and coated onto polished and acid-etched Ti6Al4V substrates. Magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13CMAS-NMR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and the ninhydrin assay, confirmed the presence and degree of covalent crosslinking (91%) between chitosan and GPTMS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) identified surface roughness and microtopography on thin films and confirmed homogeneous distribution of elements throughout the coating. Cross-hatch and tensile adhesion testing demonstrated the robustness and adherence (15–20 MPa) of hybrid coatings to acid-etched titanium substrates. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultures and their biofilm formation were inhibited by all hybrid coatings. Antibacterial effects increased markedly for coatings loaded with AgNPs and appeared to increase with chitosan content in biofilm assays. These results are promising in the development of class II hybrid materials as robust and highly adherent antibacterial films on Ti6Al4V implants.
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Furihata T, Miyaji H, Nishida E, Kato A, Miyata S, Shitomi K, Mayumi K, Kanemoto Y, Sugaya T, Akasaka T. Bone forming ability of recombinant human collagen peptide granules applied with β-tricalcium phosphate fine particles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3033-3044. [PMID: 32386261 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human collagen peptide, developed based on human collagen type I, contains an arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-rich motif to enhance cell behavior and is anticipated as a xeno-free polymer material for use in tissue engineering. We fabricated granules containing recombinant human collagen peptide (RCP) applied with beta-tricalcium phosphate fine particles (RCP/β-TCP) as bone filling scaffold material and assessed the bone forming ability of RCP/β-TCP. Recombinant peptide was thermal crosslinked and freeze-dried to prepare RCP. An aqueous dispersion of β-TCP fine particles was added to RCP to obtain RCP/β-TCP. Subsequently, RCP/β-TCP were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and cell culture assessments. Furthermore, RCP/β-TCP were implanted into rat cranial bone defects for radiographic and histological evaluations. In SEM and EDX analyses of RCP/β-TCP, β-TCP particles dose-dependently covered the surface of RCP. Cell culture tests showed that RCP/β-TCP remarkably promoted proliferation and mRNA expression of various genes, such as integrin β1 and osteogenic markers, of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Histomorphometric assessment at 4 weeks showed that RCP/β-TCP significantly promoted new skull bone formation compared to RCP (p < 0.05) and control (no application) (p < 0.01). Accordingly, these findings suggest RCP/β-TCP possess bone forming capability and would be beneficial for bone tissue engineering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Furihata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erika Nishida
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihito Kato
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako Shitomi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Mayumi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukimi Kanemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Kareem MM, Tanner KE. Optimising micro-hydroxyapatite reinforced poly(lactide acid) electrospun scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:38. [PMID: 32253587 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
HA-mineralised composite electrospun scaffolds have been introduced for bone regeneration due to their ability to mimic both morphological features and chemical composition of natural bone ECM. Micro-sized HA is generally avoided in electrospinning due to its reduced bioactivity compared to nano-sized HA due to the lower surface area. However, the high surface area of nanoparticles provides a very high surface energy, leading to agglomeration. Thus, the probability of nanoparticles clumping leading to premature mechanical failure is higher than for microparticles at higher filler content. In this study, two micron-sized hydroxyapatites were investigated for electrospinning with PLA at various contents, namely spray dried HA (HA1) and sintered HA (HA2) particles to examine the effect of polymer concentration, filler type and filler concentration on the morphology of the scaffolds, in addition to the mechanical properties and bioactivity. SEM results showed that fibre diameter and surface roughness of 15 and 20 wt% PLA fibres were significantly affected by incorporation of either HA. The apatite precipitation rates for HA1 and HA2-filled scaffolds immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) were similar, however, it was affected by the fibre diameter and the presence of HA particles on the fibre surface. Degradation rates of HA2-filled scaffolds in vitro over 14 days was lower than for HA1-filled scaffolds due to enhanced dispersion of HA2 within PLA matrix and reduced cavities in PLA/HA2 interface. Finally, increasing filler surface area led to enhanced thermal stability as it reduced thermal degradation of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna M Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - K Elizabeth Tanner
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Alencar MASDS, Martinez EF, Figueiredo FC, Lima e Silva ARD, Protazio JE, Bertamoni M, Peruzzo DC, Napimoga MH. The Evaluation of Osteoblastic Cell Behavior on Treated Titanium Surface. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
There are several potential advantages in optimizing the initial events of osseointegration in the benefit of clinical outcome.
Objective:
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of osteoblastic cells on surfaces treated by double acid etching using HNO3 and H2SO4.
Methods:
Commercially pure titanium (grade 4) discs measuring 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were used. The discs were divided into two groups: machined group and double acid-etched discs (HNO3 and H2SO4). Surface characteristics were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were used for cell culture on the tested surfaces to assess proliferation, viability (MTT), as well as secretion (ELISA) and cytoplasmic expression (Western blot) of type I collagen.
Results:
The data obtained were analyzed using t-test or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test at 95% significance. The titanium surfaces showed average roughness values for the machined and treated surfaces of 0.29 and 1.16, respectively (p<0.05). An increase in cell proliferation was observed, which was corroborated by the viability assay. Both type I collagen secretion and intracellular expression were higher on the double acid-etched surface compared to the machine surfaces (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
Implant surfaces treated by double acid etching positively affected the early events of the interaction between titanium and osteoblastic cells, suggesting optimization of osseintegration.
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