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Chen C, Zheng X, Liao S, Chen S, Liang M, Tang K, Yin M, Liu H, Ni J. The diabetes mellitus multimorbidity network in hospitalized patients over 50 years of age in China: data mining of medical records. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1433. [PMID: 38811975 PMCID: PMC11134652 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many diabetes mellitus (DM) patients suffer from multimorbidity. Understanding the DM multimorbidity network should be given priority. The purpose of this study is characterize the DM multimorbidity network in people over 50 years. METHODS Data on 75 non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were extracted from electronic medical records of 309,843 hospitalized patients older than 50 years who had at least one NCD. The association rules analysis was used as a novel classification method and combined with the Chi-square tests to identify associations between NCDs and DM. RESULT A total of 12 NCDs were closely related to DM, {cholelithiasis, DM} was an unexpected combination. {dyslipidemia, DM} and {gout, DM} had the largest lift in the male and female groups, respectively. The negative related group included 7 NCDs. There were 9 NCDs included in the strong association rules. Most combinations were different by age and sex. In males, the strongest rule was {peripheral vascular disease (PVD), dyslipidemia, DM}, while {hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease (CLD), DM} was the strongest in females. In patients younger than 70 years, hypertension, CLD, and dyslipidemia were the most dominant NCDs in the DM multimorbidity network. In patients 70 years or older, chronic kidney disease (CKD), CVD, CHD, and heart disease (HD) frequently co-occurred with DM. CONCLUSION Future primary healthcare policies for DM should be formulated based on age and sex. In patients younger than 70 years, more attention to hypertension, CLD, and dyslipidemia is required, while attention to CKD, CVD, CHD and HD is needed in patients older than 70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueting Zheng
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobing Liao
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyi Liang
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjuan Yin
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Huansheng Liu
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Jindong Ni
- Precision Key Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Maternal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
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Kouyoumdjian A, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S. TFNR2 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Rejection, and Tolerance in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903913. [PMID: 35874723 PMCID: PMC9300818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) has been shown to play a crucial role in CD4+ T regulatory cells (CD4+Tregs) expansion and suppressive function. Increasing evidence has also demonstrated its role in a variety of immune regulatory cell subtypes such as CD8+ T regulatory cells (CD8+ Tregs), B regulatory cells (Bregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In solid organ transplantation, regulatory immune cells have been associated with decreased ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), improved graft survival, and improved overall outcomes. However, despite TNFR2 being studied in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there remains paucity of data in the context of solid organ transplantation and islet cell transplantation. Interestingly, TNFR2 signaling has found a clinical application in islet transplantation which could guide its wider use. This article reviews the current literature on TNFR2 expression in immune modulatory cells as well as IRI, cell, and solid organ transplantation. Our results highlighted the positive impact of TNFR2 signaling especially in kidney and islet transplantation. However, further investigation of TNFR2 in all types of solid organ transplantation are required as well as dedicated studies on its therapeutic use during induction therapy or treatment of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Kouyoumdjian
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Araz Kouyoumdjian,
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Liberale L, Ministrini S, Carbone F, Camici GG, Montecucco F. Cytokines as therapeutic targets for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:23. [PMID: 33770265 PMCID: PMC7997823 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advances in prevention and treatment, cardiac and cerebral atherothrombotic complications still account for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this context, inflammation is involved in the chronic process leading atherosclerotic plaque formation and its complications, as well as in the maladaptive response to acute ischemic events. For this reason, modulation of inflammation is nowadays seen as a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract the burden of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease. Being produced and recognized by both inflammatory and vascular cells, the complex network of cytokines holds key functions in the crosstalk of these two systems and orchestrates the progression of atherothrombosis. By binding to membrane receptors, these soluble mediators trigger specific intracellular signaling pathways eventually leading to the activation of transcription factors and a deep modulation of cell function. Both stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines have been described and progressively reported as markers of disease or interesting therapeutic targets in the cardiovascular field. Nevertheless, cytokine inhibition is burdened by harmful side effects that will most likely prevent its chronic use in favor of acute administrations in well-selected subjects at high risk. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the modulatory role of cytokines on atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Then, we discuss evidence from clinical trials specifically targeting cytokines and the potential implication of these advances into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland. .,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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4
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Saleh DO, Jaleel GAA, Al-Awdan SW, Hassan A, Asaad GF. Melatonin suppresses the brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in hyperglycaemic rats. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:418-428. [PMID: 33628283 PMCID: PMC7879790 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.297844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Diabetes mellitus is a disorder accompanied by oxidative and inflammatory responses, that might exacerbate vascular complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin (MLN) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (MCAO/Re). Experimental approach Diabetes was induced in rats by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg; i.p.). The cerebral injury was then induced by MCAO/Re after six weeks. After 24 h of MCAO/Re the MLN (10 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days. Serum and tissue samples were extracted to determine malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α). Part of the brain tissue was kept in formalin for pathological and immunohistochemical studies to determine nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immune reactivity. Findings/Results MCAO/Re in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic rats caused a decrease in brain GSH, an increase in brain MDA, and NO was increased in both serum and brain tissue. Rats showed a prominent increase in the serum and brain inflammatory markers viz. IL-1β and TNF-α. Oral treatment with MLN (10 mg/kg) for two weeks reduced the brain levels of MDA, NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Impressive amelioration in pathological findings, as well as a significant decrease in NF-kB and COX2 immune stained cells of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, occurred after treatment with MLN. It also succeeded to suppress the exacerbation of damage in the brain of hyperglycaemic rats. Conclusion and implications Daily intake of MLN attenuates the exacerbation of cerebral ischemic injury in a diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia O Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Sally W Al-Awdan
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Li TT, Yang WC, Wang YZ, Sun T, Cao HL, Chen JF, Li WZ. Effects of a high concentration of hydrogen on neurological function after traumatic brain injury in diabetic rats. Brain Res 2020; 1730:146651. [PMID: 31926128 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and apoptosis are major contributors to secondary injuries that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI) in diabetic patients. Hydrogen (H2) can selectively neutralize reactive oxygen species and downregulate inflammatory and apoptotic factors. Therefore, we investigated the effects of inhaled high and low concentrations of hydrogen on neurological function after TBI in diabetic rats and the potential mechanism. We found that the inhalation of high concentrations of H2 significantly improved outcomes following TBI in diabetic rats. The inhalation of 42% H2 for one hour per day for 48 h significantly reduced brain edema, decreased the extravasation of sodium fluorescein, and reduced oxidative stress markers (p < 0.05). In addition, the inhalation of a high concentration of H2 (42% for one hour per day for 7 days) improved neurological deficits (p < 0.05) and reduced the expression of apoptotic protein markers (p < 0.05). However, the inhalation of 3% H2 did not yield significant effects. These results showed that the inhalation of 42% H2 can alleviate nerve damage and improve neurological function after TBI in diabetic rats. Therefore, the inhalation of a high concentration of H2 may be associated with the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ling Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 XueFu Road, NanGang District, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
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N-Palmitoylethanolamide-Oxazoline Protects against Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Injury in Diabetic Rats by Regulating the SIRT1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194845. [PMID: 31569558 PMCID: PMC6801841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes various macrovascular and microvascular alterations, often culminating in major clinical complications (first of all, stroke) that lack an effective therapeutic intervention. N-palmitoylethanolamide-oxazoline (PEA-OXA) possesses anti-inflammatory and potent neuroprotective effects. Although recent studies have explained the neuroprotective properties of PEA-OXA, nothing is known about its effects in treating cerebral ischemia. Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in the right hemisphere. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was provided by introducing a 4–0 nylon monofilament (Ethilon; Johnson & Johnson, Somerville, NJ, USA) precoated with silicone via the external carotid artery into the internal carotid artery to occlude the MCA. Results: A neurological severity score and infarct volumes were carried out to assess the neuroprotective effects of PEA-OXA. Moreover, we observed PEA-OXA-mediated improvements in tissue histology shown by a reduction in lesion size and an improvement in apoptosis level (assessed by caspases, Bax, and Bcl-2 modulation and a TUNEL assay), which further supported the efficacy of PEA-OXA therapy. We also found that PEA-OXA treatment was able to reduce mast cell degranulation and reduce the MCAo-induced expression of NF-κB pathways, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors. Conclusions: based on these findings, we propose that PEA-OXA could be useful in decreasing the risk of impairment or improving function in ischemia/reperfusion brain injury-related disorders.
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Lambertsen KL, Finsen B, Clausen BH. Post-stroke inflammation-target or tool for therapy? Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:693-714. [PMID: 30483945 PMCID: PMC6482288 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is currently considered a prime target for the development of new stroke therapies. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, microglia are activated and then circulating immune cells invade the peri-infarct and infarct core. Resident and infiltrating cells together orchestrate the post-stroke inflammatory response, communicating with each other and the ischemic neurons, through soluble and membrane-bound signaling molecules, including cytokines. Inflammation can be both detrimental and beneficial at particular stages after a stroke. While it can contribute to expansion of the infarct, it is also responsible for infarct resolution, and influences remodeling and repair. Several pre-clinical and clinical proof-of-concept studies have suggested the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions that target inflammation post-stroke. Experimental evidence shows that targeting certain inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10, holds promise. However, as these cytokines possess non-redundant protective and immunoregulatory functions, their neutralization or augmentation carries a risk of unwanted side effects, and clinical translation is, therefore, challenging. This review summarizes the cell biology of the post-stroke inflammatory response and discusses pharmacological interventions targeting inflammation in the acute phase after a stroke that may be used alone or in combination with recanalization therapies. Development of next-generation immune therapies should ideally aim at selectively neutralizing pathogenic immune signaling, enhancing tissue preservation, promoting neurological recovery and leaving normal function intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bettina Hjelm Clausen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
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Lee JC, Park CW, Shin MC, Cho JH, Lee HA, Kim YM, Park JH, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Hwang IK, Lee TK, Won MH, Kang IJ. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 is required for ischemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection in the hippocampus following a subsequent longer transient cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:292-303. [PMID: 29777731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in neuronal damage in response to cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) provides neuroprotection against a subsequent severer or longer transient ischemia by ischemic tolerance. Here, we focused on the role of TNF-α in IPC-mediated neuroprotection against neuronal death following a subsequent longer transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). Gerbils used in this study were randomly assigned to eight groups; sham group, TCI operated group, IPC plus (+) sham group, IPC + TCI operated group, sham + etanercept (an inhibitor of TNF-a) group, TCI + etanercept group, IPC + sham + etanercept group, and IPC + TCI + etanercept group. IPC was induced by a 2-min sublethal transient ischemia, which was operated 1 day prior to a longer (5-min) TCI. A significant death of neurons was found in the stratum pyramidale (SP) in the CA1 area (CA1) of the hippocampus 5 days after TCI; however, IPC protected SP neurons from TCI. We found that TNF-α immunoreactivity was significantly increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons in the TCI and IPC + TCI groups compared to the sham group. TNF-R1 expression in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the TCI group was also increased 1 and 2 days after TCI; however, in the IPC + TCI group, TNF-R1 expression was significantly lower than that in the TCI group. On the other hand, we did not detect TNF-R2 immunoreactivity in CA1 pyramidal neurons 1 and 2 days after TCI; meanwhile, in the IPC + TCI group, TNF-R2 expression was significantly increased compared to TNF-R2 expression at 1 and 2 days after TCI. In addition, in this group, TNF-R2 was newly expressed in pericytes, which are important cells in the blood brain barrier, from 1 day after TCI. When we treated etanercept to the IPC + TCI group, IPC-induced neuroprotection was significantly weakened. In brief, this study indicates that IPC confers neuroprotection against TCI by TNF-α signaling through TNF-R2 and suggests that the enhancement of TNF-R2 expression by IPC may be a legitimate strategy for a therapeutic intervention of TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea.
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9
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Biochemical targets of drugs mitigating oxidative stress via redox-independent mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1225-1252. [PMID: 29101309 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic oxidative stress plays an important role in many pathologies. Two opposite approaches are typically used to prevent the damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), namely treatment either with antioxidants or with weak oxidants that up-regulate endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. This review discusses options for the third pharmacological approach, namely amelioration of oxidative stress by 'redox-inert' compounds, which do not inactivate RONS but either inhibit the basic mechanisms leading to their formation (i.e. inflammation) or help cells to cope with their toxic action. The present study describes biochemical targets of many drugs mitigating acute oxidative stress in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol overdose. In addition to the pro-inflammatory molecules, the targets of mitigating drugs include protein kinases and transcription factors involved in regulation of energy metabolism and cell life/death balance, proteins regulating mitochondrial permeability transition, proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and isoprenoid synthesis. The data may help in identification of oxidative stress mitigators that will be effective in human disease on top of the current standard of care.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidities of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diseases with systemic inflammation are recent topics in medicine. Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are an active source of diverse proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are readily detectable in the circulation and are likely to be involved in developing comorbidities. EVIDENCE Both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are frequently comorbid with CVD, metabolic syndrome and autoimmune diseases, the consequence of which is called "inflammatory skin march", "psoriatic march" or "march of psoriasis". CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence and pathogenetic concepts regarding inflammatory skin march in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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11
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Sung JH, Koh PO. Hyperglycemia aggravates decreases of PEA-15 and its two phosphorylated forms in cerebral ischemia. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:654-660. [PMID: 28216548 PMCID: PMC5383193 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic health disorder and an important risk factor for stroke. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PEA-15) is a multifunctional protein modulating cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis and glucose metabolism. This study investigated whether diabetes modulates the expression of PEA-15 and two phosphorylated forms (Ser 104 and Ser 116) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) and were underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) 4 weeks after streptozotocin injection. Brain tissues were collected 24 hr after MCAO and stained using triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the expression of PEA-15 and two phosphorylated forms (Ser 104 and Ser 116) in right cerebral cortex. Infarct volume during MCAO injury was severely increased in diabetic animals compared to non-diabetic animals. We identified the decrease in PEA-15 in animals that underwent MCAO using proteomic approach. PEA-15 expression during MCAO was strongly decreased in diabetic animals compared to non-diabetic animals. Western blots analysis confirmed that diabetes exacerbated the decrease in PEA-15 expression after MCAO. Moreover, decrease in expression of phospho-PEA-15 (Ser 104 and Ser 116) was greater in diabetic than in non-diabetic animals. These results suggested that a diabetic condition may aggravate brain damage through decreasing expression of PEA-15 and phospho-PEA-15 (Ser 104 and Ser 116) in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Abstract
A close association of systemic inflammation with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome is recently a popular topic in medicine. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a prevalence of approximately 0.1-0.5% in Asians. It is characterized by widespread scaly erythematous macules that cause significant physical and psychological burdens for the affected individuals. The accelerated inflammation driven by the TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17A axis is now known to be the major mechanism in the development of psoriasis. Psoriasis is not a mere skin disease; it is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, which suggests that the chronic skin inflammation extends the systemic inflammation beyond the skin. In this article, we review the epidemiological and pathological aspects of psoriasis and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Japan
| | | | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
Perispinal injection is a novel emerging method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Physiological barriers prevent macromolecules from efficiently penetrating into the CNS after systemic administration. Perispinal injection is designed to use the cerebrospinal venous system (CSVS) to enhance delivery of drugs to the CNS. It delivers a substance into the anatomic area posterior to the ligamentum flavum, an anatomic region drained by the external vertebral venous plexus (EVVP), a division of the CSVS. Blood within the EVVP communicates with the deeper venous plexuses of the CSVS. The anatomical basis for this method originates in the detailed studies of the CSVS published in 1819 by the French anatomist Gilbert Breschet. By the turn of the century, Breschet's findings were nearly forgotten, until rediscovered by American anatomist Oscar Batson in 1940. Batson confirmed the unique, linear, bidirectional and retrograde flow of blood between the spinal and cerebral divisions of the CSVS, made possible by the absence of venous valves. Recently, additional supporting evidence was discovered in the publications of American neurologist Corning. Analysis suggests that Corning's famous first use of cocaine for spinal anesthesia in 1885 was in fact based on Breschet's anatomical findings, and accomplished by perispinal injection. The therapeutic potential of perispinal injection for CNS disorders is highlighted by the rapid neurological improvement in patients with otherwise intractable neuroinflammatory disorders that may ensue following perispinal etanercept administration. Perispinal delivery merits intense investigation as a new method of enhanced delivery of macromolecules to the CNS and related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Lewis Tobinick
- Institute of Neurological Recovery, 2300 Glades Road, Suite 305E, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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