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Aymen Mohamed BA, Anis G, Ahmed FR, Zied BA, Hatem B, Mahdhaoui A, Samia EH. [Correlation between changes in electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measurements and the nature of the sport practiced]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2023; 72:101580. [PMID: 36872127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Intense and regular sports practice leads to electrical and morphological cardiac remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate a correlation between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes and the nature of the sport practiced. METHODS Retrospective study of the electrocardiogram and echocardiography of competitive athletes recruited in the medical-sports center of Sousse RESULTS: A total of 554 athletes were included. The mean age was 16.1 ± 2.9 years and 69% were male. The average training time was 5.8 hours per week. In the population, 319 (57.6%) subjects practiced an endurance sport vs. 235 (42.4%) subjects who practiced a resistance sport. Sinus bradycardia was noted in 70 (21.9%) endurance athletes vs. 30 (12.8%) resistance athletes (p = 0.005). Long PR interval was recorded in 12 endurance athletes vs. 3 cases among resistance athletes (p = 0.046). A right bundle branch bloc was reported more frequently among endurance athletes: 55 (17.2%) vs. 22 (9.4%); (p = 0.004). The mean value of the Sokolow-Lyon index was 31.51 ± 10.34 mm in endurance athletes vs. 29.72 ± 9.41 mm in resistance athletes (p = 0.037). Systolic ejection fraction was significantly lower in endurance athletes compared to resistance athletes (66.08 ± 4.73% vs. 68.1 ± 4.90%; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that electrical abnormalities in athletes, considered physiological, are more frequent among endurance athletes. Therefore, sport-specific criteria need to be developed for a more appropriate approach to screening for electrical abnormalities in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghariani Anis
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospital-universitaire Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie.
| | - Fekih Romdhane Ahmed
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospital-universitaire Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Ben Ameur Zied
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospital-universitaire Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Bouraoui Hatem
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospital-universitaire Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Abdelah Mahdhaoui
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospital-universitaire Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie; Université de Sousse, Laboratoire de recherche : LR14ES05 : Interaction du système cardio-pulmonaire, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Ernez-Hajri Samia
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospital-universitaire Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie; Hôpital Farhat Hached de Sousse, Laboratoire de recherche : LRSP09 : Insuffisance cardiaque, Tunisie
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Gokulnath P, Vulugundam G, Li G, Wang H, Xiao J. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Maintains Redox Homeostasis for Cardiovascular Health. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200204. [PMID: 36683183 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. The overproduction of free radicals, both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, can lead to redox imbalance and exacerbate oxidative damage to the cardiovascular system. Maintaining redox homeostasis and enhancing anti-oxidative capacity are critical mechanisms by which exercise protects against cardiovascular diseases. Moderate-intensity exercise is an effective means to maintain cardiovascular redox homeostasis. Moderate-intensity exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative capacity. It also attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling and enhances cardiac function. This paper reviews the primary mechanisms of moderate-intensity exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Exploring the role of exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Akbar AY, Cui ZY, Hsu CJ, Li YZ, Rahman FF, Xia C, Yang AL, Lee SD. Anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic efficacy of exercise training in hypertensive hearts: A systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1138705. [PMID: 37187789 PMCID: PMC10176093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1138705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This review aims to summarize the antiapoptotic, pro-survival, and antifibrotic effects of exercise training in hypertensive hearts. Methods Keyword searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in May 2021. Research published in English on the effects of exercise training on the apoptosis, survival, and fibrosis pathways in hypertension was included. The CAMARADES checklist was used to determine the quality of the studies. Two reviewers independently implemented predesigned protocols for the search and selection of studies, the assessment of study quality, and the evaluation of the strength of evidence. Results Eleven studies were included after selection. The duration of the exercise training ranged from 5 to 27 weeks. Nine studies showed that exercise training improved cardiac survival rates by increasing IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, p-PI3K, Bcl-2, HSP 72, and p-Akt. Furthermore, 10 studies showed that exercise training reduced apoptotic pathways by downregulating Bid, t-Bid, Bad, Bak, Bax, TNF, and FADD. Finally, two studies reported the modification and subsequent improvement of physiological characteristics of fibrosis and decreased MAPK p38 and PTEN levels by exercise training in the left ventricle of the heart. Conclusions The findings of the review showed that exercise training could improve cardiac survival rates and attenuate cardiac apoptotic and fibrotic pathways in hypertension, suggesting that exercise training could act as a therapeutic approach to prevent hypertension-induced cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier: CRD42021254118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjar Yusrandi Akbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biology Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Zhen-Yang Cui
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Che-Jui Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zhang Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ferry Fadzlul Rahman
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - Chunqiu Xia
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ai-Lun Yang Shin-Da Lee
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ai-Lun Yang Shin-Da Lee
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Teles MC, Oliveira Portes AM, Campos Coelho BI, Resende LT, Isoldi MC. Cardiac changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Modulation by aerobic exercise. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:109-124. [PMID: 36347337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension, studies are conducted with spontaneously hypertensive animals, which allow the investigation of physiological changes that in most cases cannot be studied in humans. In these animals, myocardial remodeling, increased pro-inflammatory markers, redox imbalance and contractile dysfunctions that lead to changes in cardiac function can be observed. However, it can be inferring that aerobic training improves cardiac function and cardiomyocyte contractility, in addition to controlling inflammation and reducing oxidative stress in cardiac muscle, despite this, the precise mechanisms by which physical exercise improves cardiovascular control are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological changes that affect the heart of spontaneously hypertensive animals and their modulation by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília Teles
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Bianca Iara Campos Coelho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Teresinha Resende
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cesar Isoldi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil
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Ma Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Xuan J, Gao X, Ding H, Ma C, Chen Y, Yang Y. Roles of physical exercise-induced MiR-126 in cardiovascular health of type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:169. [PMID: 36376958 PMCID: PMC9661802 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity is widely recommended for preventing and treating cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an angiogenetic regulator abundant in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It is primarily involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis for cardiovascular protection. According to recent studies, the levels of miR-126 in the myocardium and circulation are affected by exercise protocol. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-and high-intensity aerobic exercise, whether acute or chronic, can increase circulating miR-126 in healthy adults. Chronic aerobic exercise can effectively rescue the reduction of myocardial and circulating miR-126 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic mice against diabetic vascular injury. Resistance exercise can raise circulating VEGF levels, but it may have a little influence on circulating miR-126. The Several targets of miR-126 have been suggested for cardiovascular fitness, such as sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7). Here, we present a comprehensive review of the roles of miR-126 and its downstream proteins as exercise mechanisms, and propose that miR-126 can be applied as an exercise indicator for cardiovascular prescriptions and as a preventive or therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Ma
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Junjie Xuan
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Huixian Ding
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Laboratory of Physical Fitness Monitoring & Chronic Disease Intervention, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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de Vicente LG, Muñoz VR, Pinto AP, Rovina RL, da Rocha AL, Marafon BB, Tavares MEDA, Teixeira GR, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Frantz FG, Simabuco FM, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR. TLR4 deletion increases basal energy expenditure and attenuates heart apoptosis and ER stress but mitigates the training-induced cardiac function and performance improvement. Life Sci 2021; 285:119988. [PMID: 34592238 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Strategies capable of attenuating TLR4 can attenuate metabolic processes such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in the body. Physical exercise has been a cornerstone in suppressing inflammation and dysmetabolic outcomes caused by TRL4 activation. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a chronic physical exercise protocol on the TLR4 expression and its repercussion in the inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis pathways in mice hearts. Echocardiogram, RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and histological techniques were used to evaluate the left ventricle of wild-type (WT) and Tlr4 knockout (TLR4 KO) mice submitted to a 4-week physical exercise protocol. Moreover, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to expand the relationship of Tlr4 mRNA in the heart with inflammation, ER stress, and apoptosis-related genes of several isogenic strains of BXD mice. The TLR4 KO mice had higher energy expenditure and heart rate in the control state but lower activation of apoptosis and ER stress pathways. The bioinformatics analysis reinforced these data. In the exercised state, the WT mice improved performance and cardiac function. However, these responses were blunted in the KO group. In conclusion, TLR4 has an essential role in the inhibition of apoptosis and ER stress pathways, as well as in the training-induced beneficial adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G de Vicente
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor R Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de A Tavares
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana R Teixeira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D Ferrari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo-FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiani G Frantz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Madecassic acid protects human periodontal ligament fibroblasts against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Induction of Proteasome Subunit Low Molecular Weight Protein (LMP)-2 Is Required to Induce Active Remodeling in Adult Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Med Sci (Basel) 2020; 8:medsci8020021. [PMID: 32370048 PMCID: PMC7353499 DOI: 10.3390/medsci8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARVC) adapt to the two-dimensional surface of culture dishes once they are isolated from the three-dimensional heart tissue. This process mimics aspects of cardiac adaptation to pressure overload and requires an initial breakdown of sarcomeric structures. The present study therefore aimed to identify key steps in this remodeling process. ARVC were cultured under serum-free or serum-supplemented conditions and their sizes and shapes were analyzed as well as apoptosis and the ability to disintegrate their sarcomeres. ARVC require serum-factors in order to adapt to cell culture conditions. More ARVC survived if they were able to breakdown their sarcomeres and mononucleated ARVC, which were smaller than binucleated ARVC, had a better chance to adapt. During the early phase of adaptation, proteasome subunit low molecular weight protein (LMP)-2 was induced. Inhibition of LMP-2 up-regulation by siRNA attenuated the process of successful adaptation. In vivo, LMP-2 was induced in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats during the early phase of adaptation to pressure overload. In conclusion, the data suggest that breakdown of pre-existing sarcomeres is optimized by induction of LMP-2 and that it is required for cardiac remodeling processes, for example, occurring during pressure overload.
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Wang L, Wang J, Cretoiu D, Li G, Xiao J. Exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:203-210. [PMID: 32444145 PMCID: PMC7242217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway, which is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which lysosomes decompose their own organelles and recycle the resulting macromolecules. Autophagy is critical in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and excessive or insufficient autophagy or autophagic flux can lead to cardiovascular disease. Enormous evidence indicates that exercise training plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of autophagy during exercise is a bidirectional process. For cardiovascular disease caused by either insufficient or excessive autophagy, exercise training restores normal autophagy function and delays the progression of cardiovascular disease. An in-depth exploration and discussion of exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system can broaden our view about the prevention of various autophagy-related diseases through exercise training. In this article, we review autophagy and its related signaling pathways, as well as autophagy-dependent beneficial effects of exercise in cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania; Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health, Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Bucharest 020395, Romania
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Wang R, Tian H, Guo D, Tian Q, Yao T, Kong X. Impacts of exercise intervention on various diseases in rats. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:211-227. [PMID: 32444146 PMCID: PMC7242221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is considered as an important intervention for treatment and prevention of several diseases, such as osteoarthritis, obesity, hypertension, and Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes decadal exercise intervention studies with various rat models across 6 major systems to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effects that exercise brought. METHODS PubMed was utilized as the data source. To collect research articles, we used the following terms to create the search: (exercise [Title] OR physical activity [Title] OR training [Title]) AND (rats [Title/Abstract] OR rat [Title/Abstract] OR rattus [Title/Abstract]). To best cover targeted studies, publication dates were limited to "within 11 years." The exercise intervention methods used for different diseases were sorted according to the mode, frequency, and intensity of exercise. RESULTS The collected articles were categorized into studies related to 6 systems or disease types: motor system (17 articles), metabolic system (110 articles), cardiocerebral vascular system (171 articles), nervous system (71 articles), urinary system (2 articles), and cancer (21 articles). Our review found that, for different diseases, exercise intervention mostly had a positive effect. However, the most powerful effect was achieved by using a specific mode of exercise that addressed the characteristics of the disease. CONCLUSION As a model animal, rats not only provide a convenient resource for studying human diseases but also provide the possibility for exploring the molecular mechanisms of exercise intervention on diseases. This review also aims to provide exercise intervention frameworks and optimal exercise dose recommendations for further human exercise intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Tofas T, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010013. [PMID: 31877965 PMCID: PMC7023632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Recombinant Klotho Protects Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Function and the Antioxidant System during H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9261565. [PMID: 31885825 PMCID: PMC6914990 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9261565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are a favourable source for tissue engineering, but oxidative stress conditions during cell culture and transplantation could affect stem cell viability and stemness, leading to failed regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of Klotho, an antiageing protein, against cell damage and the loss of osteogenesis in hPDLSCs in H2O2-induced oxidative environments. H2O2 was used as an exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce oxidative stress. Recombinant human Klotho protein was administered before H2O2 treatment. Multitechniques were used to assess antioxidant activity, cell damage, and osteogenic ability of hPDLSCs in oxidative stress and the effects of Klotho on hPDLSCs. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by an electron microscopy scan of cellular structure, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Furthermore, we explored the pathway by which Klotho may function to regulate the antioxidant system. We found that pretreatment with recombinant human Klotho protein could enhance SOD activity and reduce intracellular oxidative stress levels. Klotho reduced H2O2-induced cellular damage and eventually maintained the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs. Notably, Klotho promoted mitochondrial function and activated antioxidants by negatively regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway. The findings suggest that Klotho protein enhanced the antioxidative ability of hPDLSCs and protected stem cell viability and stemness from H2O2-induced oxidative stress by restoring mitochondrial functions and the antioxidant system.
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Abstract
It is established that an intensive training results in a lower average resting heart rate. Management of bradycardia in an athlete can be difficult given the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. The authors reviewed the different mechanisms described in the literature, including recent advances in physiology regarding remodeling of ion channels, which may partially explain bradycardia in athletes. Sinus bradycardia amongst athletes, especially endurance focused athletes, is common but difficult to apprehend. The underlying mechanisms are observably of multifactorial origin and likely incompletely elucidated by the current body of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Doyen
- Department of Cardiology, CHU UCL Namur , Yvoir , Belgium
| | - David Matelot
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Pontchaillou , Rennes , France
| | - François Carré
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Pontchaillou Service de medecine du sport , Rennes , France
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Ueta CB, Campos JC, Albuquerque RPE, Lima VM, Disatnik MH, Sanchez AB, Chen CH, de Medeiros MHG, Yang W, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Cardioprotection induced by a brief exposure to acetaldehyde: role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1006-1015. [PMID: 29579152 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We previously demonstrated that acute ethanol administration protects the heart from ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury thorough activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Here, we characterized the role of acetaldehyde, an intermediate product from ethanol metabolism, and its metabolizing enzyme, ALDH2, in an ex vivo model of cardiac I/R injury. Methods and results We used a combination of homozygous knock-in mice (ALDH2*2), carrying the human inactivating point mutation ALDH2 (E487K), and a direct activator of ALDH2, Alda-1, to investigate the cardiac effect of acetaldehyde. The ALDH2*2 mice have impaired acetaldehyde clearance, recapitulating the human phenotype. Yet, we found a similar infarct size in wild type (WT) and ALDH2*2 mice. Similar to ethanol-induced preconditioning, pre-treatment with 50 μM acetaldehyde increased ALDH2 activity and reduced cardiac injury in hearts of WT mice without affecting cardiac acetaldehyde levels. However, acetaldehyde pre-treatment of hearts of ALDH2*2 mice resulted in a three-fold increase in cardiac acetaldehyde levels and exacerbated I/R injury. Therefore, exogenous acetaldehyde appears to have a bimodal effect in I/R, depending on the ALDH2 genotype. Further supporting an ALDH2 role in cardiac preconditioning, pharmacological ALDH2 inhibition abolished ethanol-induced cardioprotection in hearts of WT mice, whereas a selective activator, Alda-1, protected ALDH2*2 against ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity. Finally, either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of ALDH2 mitigated ischaemic preconditioning. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest that low levels of acetaldehyde are cardioprotective whereas high levels are damaging in an ex vivo model of I/R injury and that ALDH2 is a major, but not the only, regulator of cardiac acetaldehyde levels and protection from I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Bagne Ueta
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane Cruz Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Morais Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Hélène Disatnik
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Wenjin Yang
- Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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Vicencio F, Jiménez P, Huerta F, Cofré-Bolados C, Gutiérrez Zamorano S, Garcia-Diaz DF, Rodrigo R, Poblete-Aro C. Effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers in hypertensive animals and non-diabetic subjects with prehypertension/hypertension: a review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Prehypertension exercise training attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by temporal changes in the levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin (1-7). Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1745-1756. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Quality Control Mechanisms in Health and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5406751. [PMID: 30805083 PMCID: PMC6360560 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5406751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Kiyuna LA, Albuquerque RPE, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart failure: Challenges and opportunities. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:155-168. [PMID: 30227272 PMCID: PMC6309415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress and aldehydic load is a hallmark of heart failure. Recently, different research groups have provided evidence that selective activation of mitochondrial detoxifying systems that counteract excessive accumulation of ROS, RNS and reactive aldehydes is sufficient to stop cardiac degeneration upon chronic stress, such as heart failure. Therefore, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondria detoxification may play a critical role in the prevention or treatment of heart failure. In this review we discuss the most recent findings on the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and aldehydic load in heart failure, highlighting the most recent preclinical and clinical studies using mitochondria-targeted molecules and exercise training as effective tools against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Akemi Kiyuna
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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Ten Caten Martins E, Dos Santos RZ, Dos Santos AB, Fiorin PBG, Sandri YP, Frizzo MN, Ludwig MS, Heck TG, Benetti M. Detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma are associated with physical activity and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in hypertensive subjects. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1319-1327. [PMID: 30238325 PMCID: PMC6237681 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported that extracellular HSP72 (eHSP72) correlates with poor prognosis, markers of vascular dysfunction, and the severity of cardiovascular diseases, associated with a systemic oxidative and inflammatory profile. On the other hand, eHSP72 may represent immune-regulatory signaling that is related to exercise benefits, but the association between physical activity levels and eHSP72 levels is not established. Thus, since regular physical activity may avoid oxidative stress and inflammation, we investigate whether detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma are associated with physical activity and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in hypertensive subjects. Physical activity levels of hypertensive subjects (n = 140) were measured by tri-axial movement sensor pedometer for 24 h during 5 consecutive days. One day after, blood was collected into heparinized tubes for oxidative stress analyses (catalase-CAT and superoxide dismutase-SOD activities and malondialdehyde levels) or in disodium EDTA tubes for eHSP72 assays. Thus, hypertensive subjects were classified as physically inactive (< 10,000 footsteps/day) or active (> than 10,000 footsteps/day) and according detectable or not detectable eHSP72 levels in plasma, performing the inactive/eHSP72-, active/eHSP72-, inactive/eHSP72+, and active/eHSP72+ groups. We found that detectable levels of eHSP72 in plasma were associated with physical activity levels and low oxidative stress profile (Higher CAT and SOD activities and low malondialdehyde levels). eHSP72 levels can be used as a biomarker of the amount of physical activity necessary to improve antioxidant defense and thus cardiovascular health in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliara Ten Caten Martins
- Research Group in Cardiology, Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement (PPGCMH-UDESC), Center of Health and Sport Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Zulianello Dos Santos
- Research Group in Cardiology, Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement (PPGCMH-UDESC), Center of Health and Sport Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Analu Bender Dos Santos
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Yana Picinin Sandri
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ), Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUI), Rua do Comércio, 3000, Bairro Universitário, Ijuí, RS, Brazil.
| | - Magnus Benetti
- Research Group in Cardiology, Postgraduate Program in Science of Human Movement (PPGCMH-UDESC), Center of Health and Sport Sciences, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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20
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Li FH, Li T, Su YM, Ai JY, Duan R, Liu TCY. Cardiac basal autophagic activity and increased exercise capacity. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:729-742. [PMID: 29344913 PMCID: PMC10717958 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) have different impacts on exercise performance and cardiac function and to determine the influence of these exercise protocols on modulating basal autophagy in the cardiac muscle of rats. Rats were assigned to three groups: sedentary control (SC), CMT, and HIIT. Total exercise volume and mean intensity were matched between the two protocols. After a 10-week training program, rats were evaluated for exercise performance, including exercise tolerance and grip strength. Blood lactate levels were measured after an incremental exercise test. Cardiac function and morphology were assessed by echocardiography. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of autophagy and mitochondrial markers. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate mitochondrial content. The results showed that time to exhaustion and grip strength increased significantly in the HIIT group compared with the SC and CMT groups. Both training interventions significantly increased time to exhaustion, reduced blood lactate level (after an incremental exercise test) and induced adaptive changes in cardiac morphology, but without altering cardiac systolic function. The greater improvements in exercise performance with the HIIT than with the CMT protocol were related to improvement in basal autophagic adaptation and mitochondria function in cardiac muscle. Mitochondria markers were positively correlated with autophagy makers. This study shows that HIIT is more effective for improving exercise performance than CMT and this improvement is related to mitochondrial function and basal autophagic adaptation in cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Min Su
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ai
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Zhang Q, Qi H, Cao Y, Shi P, Song C, Ba L, Chen Y, Gao J, Li S, Li B, Sun H. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channel (TRPV3) aggravated pathological cardiac hypertrophy via calcineurin/NFATc3 pathway in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6055-6067. [PMID: 30299584 PMCID: PMC6237578 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response to mechanical stimuli and neurohormonal factors, ultimately progresses to heart failure. The proteins of some transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Ca2+‐permeable nonselective cation channel, are highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, and associated with the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of TRP, however, the functional role of TRPV3 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. TRPV3 was elevated in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but not in swimming exercise‐induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy in rats. TRPV3 expression was also increased in Ang II–induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro, which was remarkably increased by carvacrol (a nonselective TRPV channel agonist), and reduced by ruthenium red (a nonselective TRPV channel antagonist). Interestingly, we found that activated TRPV3 in Ang II–induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was accompanied with increasing intracellular calcium concentration, promoting calcineurin, and phosphorylated CaMKII protein expression, and enhancing NFATc3 nuclear translocation. However, blocking or knockdown of TRPV3 could inhibit the expressions of calcineurin, phosphorylated CaMKII and NFATc3 protein by Western blot. In conclusion, the activation of TRPV3 aggravated pathological cardiac hypertrophy through calcineurin/NFATc3 signalling pathway and correlated with the protein expression levels of calcineurin, phosphorylated CaMKII and NFATc3, revealing that TRPV3 might be a potential therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingquan Gao
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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22
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Exercise prevents impaired autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11818. [PMID: 30087400 PMCID: PMC6081439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased proteolytic activity has been widely associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. However, elevated proteolysis is also critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by disposing cytotoxic proteins and non-functioning organelles. We recently demonstrated that exercise activates autophagy and re-establishes proteostasis in cardiac diseases. Here, we characterized the impact of exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy induced by sciatic nerve constriction in rats. Neurogenic myopathy, characterized by progressive atrophy and impaired contractility, was paralleled by accumulation of autophagy-related markers and loss of acute responsiveness to both colchicine and chloroquine. These changes were correlated with elevated levels of damaged proteins, chaperones and pro-apoptotic markers compared to control animals. Sustained autophagy inhibition using chloroquine in rats (50 mg.kg-1.day-1) or muscle-specific deletion of Atg7 in mice was sufficient to impair muscle contractility in control but not in neurogenic myopathy, suggesting that dysfunctional autophagy is critical in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Finally, 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training (moderate treadmill running, 5x/week, 1 h/day) prior to neurogenic myopathy improved skeletal muscle autophagic flux and proteostasis. These changes were followed by spared muscle mass and better contractility properties. Taken together, our findings suggest the potential value of exercise in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis and slowing down the progression of neurogenic myopathy.
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Carvalho VH, Oliveira AHS, de Oliveira LF, da Silva RP, Di Mascio P, Gualano B, Artioli GG, Medeiros MHG. Exercise and β-alanine supplementation on carnosine-acrolein adduct in skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2018; 18:222-228. [PMID: 30053728 PMCID: PMC6077140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise results in reactive aldehyde production and that β-alanine supplementation increases carnosine content in skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the influence exercise and β-alanine supplementation have on the formation of carnosine-aldehydes. The goal of the present study was to monitor the formation of carnosine-aldehyde adducts, following high-intensity intermittent exercise, before and after β-alanine supplementation. Vastus lateralis biopsy samples were taken from 14 cyclists, before and after a 28 day β-alanine supplementation, following 4 bouts of a 30 s all-out cycling test, and carnosine and CAR-aldehyde adducts [carnosine-acrolein, CAR-ACR (m/z 303), carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, CAR-HHE (m/z 341) and carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, CAR-HNE (m/z 383)] were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. β-alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine content by ~50% (p = 0.0001 vs. Pre-Supplementation). Interestingly, there was a significant increase in post-exercise CAR-ACR content following β-alanine supplementation (p < 0.001 vs. post-exercise before supplementation), whereas neither exercise alone nor supplementation alone increased CAR-ACR formation. These results suggest that carnosine functions as an acrolein-scavenger in skeletal muscle. Such a role would be relevant to the detoxification of this aldehyde formed during exercise, and appears to be enhanced by β-alanine supplementation. These novel findings not only have the potential of directly benefiting athletes who engage in intensive training regimens, but will also allow researchers to explore the role of muscle carnosine in detoxifying reactive aldehydes in diseases characterized by abnormal oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation generates electrophilic reactive aldehydes. β-Alanine supplementation increases muscle carnosine content in skeletal muscle. The carnosine-acrolein levels were higher in muscle following β-alanine supplementation in post-exercise. This acrolein-scavenger role for muscle carnosine may contribute to its ergogenic and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana H S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana F de Oliveira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael P da Silva
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Escola de Educação Física e Esportes, Divisão de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marisa H G Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Yu Y, Gao Q, Xia W, Zhang L, Hu Z, Wu X, Jia X. Association between Physical Exercise and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress among Middle-Aged and Elderly Community Residents with Essential Hypertension in China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4135104. [PMID: 30065938 PMCID: PMC6051290 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4135104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of different types and frequencies of physical exercise in biomarkers of oxidative stress among middle-aged and elderly community residents with essential hypertension in China. A community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 7 subdistricts. Individuals, 45-79 years old, with essential hypertension (n = 402) and without cardiovascular disease (n = 1047) were included. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were determined. Multilevel linear regression was used to estimate the associations between various types of physical exercise and oxidative stress biomarker levels. Participants engaged in high frequency walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga demonstrated decreased systolic blood pressure in both groups; however, diastolic blood pressure decreased only among individuals with hypertension participating in walking/square dancing. In individuals with hypertension, MDA levels decreased in those participating in walking/square dancing, SOD activity increased in those participating in walking/square dancing, and 4-HNE levels decreased in those involved in taiji/yoga. In individuals without cardiovascular disease, MDA levels decreased in those involved in walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga, SOD activity increased in those performing walking/square dancing, and 4-HNE levels decreased in those involved in taiji/yoga. Oxidative stress marker levels also improved in those involved in walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga groups as the exercise frequency increased. Thus, frequent participation in walking/square dancing or taiji/yoga effectively decreases hypertension-related oxidative stress biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
- Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
- Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Wanning Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Science Research Center, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xuesen Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xianjie Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Dong Hai Avenue, Bengbu 233030, China
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Li FH, Li T, Ai JY, Sun L, Min Z, Duan R, Zhu L, Liu YY, Liu TCY. Beneficial Autophagic Activities, Mitochondrial Function, and Metabolic Phenotype Adaptations Promoted by High-Intensity Interval Training in a Rat Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:571. [PMID: 29875683 PMCID: PMC5974531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on basal autophagy and mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle and plasma metabolic phenotypes have not been clearly characterized. Here, we investigated how 10-weeks HIIT and MICT differentially modify basal autophagy and mitochondrial markers in cardiac and skeletal muscle and conducted an untargeted metabolomics study with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis of plasma metabolic phenotypes. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were separated into three groups: sedentary control (SED), MICT, and HIIT. Rats underwent evaluation of exercise performance, including exercise tolerance and grip strength, and blood lactate levels were measured immediately after an incremental exercise test. Plasma samples were analyzed by 1H NMR. The expression of autophagy and mitochondrial markers and autophagic flux (LC3II/LC3-I ratio) in cardiac, rectus femoris, and soleus muscle were analyzed by western blotting. Time to exhaustion and grip strength increased significantly following HIIT compared with that in both SED and MICT groups. Compared with those in the SED group, blood lactate level, and the expression of SDH, COX-IV, and SIRT3 significantly increased in rectus femoris and soleus muscle of both HIIT and MICT groups. Meanwhile, SDH and COX-IV content of cardiac muscle and COX-IV and SIRT3 content of rectus femoris and soleus muscle increased significantly following HIIT compared with that following MICT. The expression of LC3-II, ATG-3, and Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3-I ratio were significantly increased only in soleus and cardiac muscle following HIIT. These data indicate that HIIT was more effective for improving physical performance and facilitating cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations that increase mitochondrial function and basal autophagic activities. Moreover, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis identified 11 metabolites in plasma, among which fine significantly and similarly changed after both HIIT and MICT, while BCAAs isoleucine, leucine, and valine and glutamine were changed only after HIIT. Together, these data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and autophagy and mitochondrial markers following HIIT vs. MICT and highlight the value of metabolomic analysis in providing more detailed insight into the metabolic adaptations to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ai
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Min
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ying Liu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Krylatov AV, Maslov LN, Voronkov NS, Boshchenko AA, Popov SV, Gomez L, Wang H, Jaggi AS, Downey JM. Reactive Oxygen Species as Intracellular Signaling Molecules in the Cardiovascular System. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:290-300. [PMID: 29962348 PMCID: PMC6300799 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180702152436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox signaling plays an important role in the lives of cells. This signaling not only becomes apparent in pathologies but is also thought to be involved in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can activate protein kinases: CaMKII, PKG, PKA, ERK, PI3K, Akt, PKC, PDK, JNK, p38. It is unclear whether it is a direct interaction of ROS with these kinases or whether their activation is a consequence of inhibition of phosphatases. ROS have a biphasic effect on the transport of Ca2+ in the cell: on one hand, they activate the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, which can reduce the level of Ca2+ in the cell, and on the other hand, they can inactivate Ca2+-ATPase of the plasma membrane and open the cation channels TRPM2, which promote Ca2+-loading and subsequent apoptosis. ROS inhibit the enzyme PHD2, which leads to the stabilization of HIF-α and the formation of the active transcription factor HIF. CONCLUSION Activation of STAT3 and STAT5, induced by cytokines or growth factors, may include activation of NADPH oxidase and enhancement of ROS production. Normal physiological production of ROS under the action of cytokines activates the JAK/STAT while excessive ROS production leads to their inhibition. ROS cause the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Physiological levels of ROS control cell proliferation and angiogenesis. ROS signaling is also involved in beneficial adaptations to survive ischemia and hypoxia, while further increases in ROS can trigger programmed cell death by the mechanism of apoptosis or autophagy. ROS formation in the myocardium can be reduced by moderate exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Address correspondence to this author at the Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of
Science, Tomsk, Russia; Tel: 3822 262174; Fax: 3822 555057;
E-mail:
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27
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Rosas-Rodríguez JA, Soñanez-Organis JG, Godoy-Lugo JA, Espinoza-Salazar JA, López-Jacobo CJ, Stephens-Camacho NA, González-Ochoa G. Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase expression during physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by pregnancy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28630000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (betaine aldehyde: NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase, (E.C. 1.2.1.8; BADH) catalyze the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde (BA) to glycine betaine (GB) and is essential for polyamine catabolism, γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis, and carnitine biosynthesis. GB is an important osmolyte that regulates the homocysteine levels, contributing to a vascular risk factor reduction. In this sense, distinct investigations describe the physiological roles of GB, but there is a lack of information about the GB novo synthesis process and regulation during cardiac hypertrophy induced by pregnancy. In this work, the BADH mRNA expression, protein level, and activity were quantified in the left ventricle before, during, and after pregnancy. The mRNA expression, protein content and enzyme activity along with GB content of BADH increased 2.41, 1.95 and 1.65-fold respectively during late pregnancy compared to not pregnancy, and returned to basal levels at postpartum. Besides, the GB levels increased 1.53-fold during pregnancy and remain at postpartum. Our results demonstrate that physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced BADH mRNA expression and activity along with GB production, suggesting that BADH participates in the adaptation process of physiological cardiac hypertrophy during pregnancy, according to the described GB role in cellular osmoregulation, osmoprotection and reduction of vascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alfredo Rosas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Apartado Postal 85390, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - José Guadalupe Soñanez-Organis
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Apartado Postal 85390, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José Arquimides Godoy-Lugo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Apartado Postal 85390, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Juan Alberto Espinoza-Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Apartado Postal 85390, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Cesar Jeravy López-Jacobo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Apartado Postal 85390, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Norma Aurora Stephens-Camacho
- Universidad Estatal de Sonora (UES), Licenciatura en Nutrición Humana, Periférico Sur y carretera Internacional a Huatabampo km 5, S/N, Colonia Juárez, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe González-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora Unidad Regional Sur, Apartado Postal 85390, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
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28
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Exercise Training Restores Cardiac MicroRNA-1 and MicroRNA-29c to Nonpathological Levels in Obese Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1549014. [PMID: 29138674 PMCID: PMC5613694 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1549014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that aerobic exercise training (AET) consisted of 10 weeks of 60-min swimming sessions, and 5 days/week AET counteracts CH in obesity. Here, we evaluated the role of microRNAs and their target genes that are involved in heart collagen deposition and calcium signaling, as well as the cardiac remodeling induced by AET in obese Zucker rats. Among the four experimental Zucker groups: control lean rats (LZR), control obese rats (OZR), trained lean rats (LZR + TR), and trained obese rats (OZR + TR), heart weight was greater in the OZR than in the LZR group due to increased cardiac intramuscular fat and collagen. AET seems to exert a protective role in normalizing the heart weight in the OZR + TR group. Cardiac microRNA-29c expression was decreased in OZR compared with the LZR group, paralleled by an increase in the collagen volumetric fraction (CVF). MicroRNA-1 expression was upregulated while the expression of its target gene NCX1 was decreased in OZR compared with the LZR group. Interestingly, AET restored cardiac microRNA-1 to nonpathological levels in the OZR-TR group. Our findings suggest that AET could be used as a nonpharmacological therapy for the reversal of pathological cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in obesity.
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Pang J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xu F, Chen Y. Targeting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in heart failure-Recent insights and perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1933-1941. [PMID: 27742538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the major causes of the ever-rising mortality globally. ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is proven to be closely related to the prevalence of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and alcoholism, which are etiological factors of heart failure. In addition, growing evidence supports a possible role for ALDH2 in different forms of heart failure. In this mini-review, we will review the recent insights regarding the effects of ALDH2 polymorphism on etiological factors of heart failure and underlying mechanisms involved. In addition, we will also discuss the booming epigenetic information in this field which will greatly improve our understanding of the cardiovascular effect of ALDH2. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure edited by Dr. Jun Ren & Yingmei Zhang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Pang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling & Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education & Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling & Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education & Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling & Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education & Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling & Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education & Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise on Functional Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress in Rats with Aortic Stenosis-Induced Heart Failure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8695716. [PMID: 26904168 PMCID: PMC4745811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8695716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. We evaluated the influence of exercise on functional capacity, cardiac remodeling, and skeletal muscle oxidative stress, MAPK, and NF-κB pathway in rats with aortic stenosis- (AS-) induced heart failure (HF). Methods and Results. Eighteen weeks after AS induction, rats were assigned into sedentary control (C-Sed), exercised control (C-Ex), sedentary AS (AS-Sed), and exercised AS (AS-Ex) groups. Exercise was performed on treadmill for eight weeks. Statistical analyses were performed with Goodman and ANOVA or Mann-Whitney. HF features frequency and mortality did not differ between AS groups. Exercise improved functional capacity, assessed by maximal exercise test on treadmill, without changing echocardiographic parameters. Soleus cross-sectional areas did not differ between groups. Lipid hydroperoxide concentration was higher in AS-Sed than C-Sed and AS-Ex. Activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was changed in AS-Sed and restored in AS-Ex. NADPH oxidase activity and gene expression of its subunits did not differ between AS groups. Total ROS generation was lower in AS-Ex than C-Ex. Exercise modulated MAPK in AS-Ex and did not change NF-κB pathway proteins. Conclusion. Exercise improves functional capacity in rats with AS-induced HF regardless of echocardiographic parameter changes. In soleus, exercise reduces oxidative stress, preserves antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulates MAPK expression.
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31
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Matsumoto A. [Fundamental Properties of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and the Importance of the ALDH2 Polymorphism]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2016; 71:55-68. [PMID: 26832618 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.71.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a 56 kDa mitochondrial protein that forms homodimers through hydrogen bonding interactions between the Glu487 and Arg475 residues of two ALDH2 proteins. Two ALDH2 homodimers can interact to form an ALDH2 tetramer. ALDH2 is widely distributed throughout the organs of the body. In addition to its dehydrogenase activity, ALDH2 also exhibits esterase and reductase activities, with the main substrates for these three activities being aldehydes, 4-nitrophenyl acetate and nitroglycerin, respectively. ALDH2 can be readily inhibited by a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, but the induction or activation of this enzyme remains unlikely. The polymorphism of ALDH2 to the corresponding ALDH2*2 variant results in a severe deficiency in ALDH2 activity, and this particular polymorphism is prevalent among people of Mongoloid descent. It seems reasonable to expect that people with the ALDH2*2 variant would be more vulnerable to stress and diseases because ALDH2 defends the human body against toxic aldehydes. However, it has been suggested that people with the ALDH2*2 variant are protected by alternative stress-defending systems. The ALDH2*2 variant has been reported to be associated with many different kinds of diseases, although the mechanisms underlying these associations have not yet been elucidated. ALDH2 polymorphism has a significant impact on human health; further studies are therefore required to determine the practical implications of this polymorphism in the fields of preventive and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, Saga University School of Medicine
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