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Saedmocheshi S, Yousfi N, Chamari K. Breaking boundaries: the transformative role of exercise in managing multiple sclerosis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:475-490. [PMID: 38741722 PMCID: PMC11089092 DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent cause of physical disability in adults, with inflammation-induced demyelination and neurodegeneration contributing to its etiology. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted benefits of exercise in managing MS, including improvements in aerobic capacity, balance, muscle strength, immune and hormonal functions and mood. Various exercise modalities, such as aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and balance training, are discussed, along with tailored protocols for MS patients. Recommended exercise strategies are: aerobic exercise: 2-3x/week; 10-30 minutes (40 %-60 % of maximum heart rate (HRmax), HIIT: 1x/week, five 30-90-second intervals at 90 %-100 % HRmax, Resistance training: 2-3x/week, 5-10 exercises; 1-3 sets for each exercise, 8-15 repetitions/set. The review also examines the impact of exercise on neuroplasticity, cardiovascular responses, cytokine modulation, stress hormone regulation, brain structure, and function and fatigue perception. Emphasizing the importance of exercise in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with MS, the review proposes exercise prescriptions and highlights the promising link between physical activity, brain health, and improved hormonal and immune status in MS patients. This review aims to inform future research and guide clinical practices for effective MS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimisation", (LR09SEP01) National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, ISSEP Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
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2
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Negi S, Tandel N, Sharma P, Kumar R, Tyagi RK. Aceclofenac and methotrexate combination therapy could influence Th1/Th17 axis to modulate rheumatoid-arthritis-induced inflammation. Drug Discov Today 2023:103671. [PMID: 37330038 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory, autoimmune and connective-tissue arthropathy. The methotrexate (MTX) and aceclofenac (ACL) combination drug regimen is known to regulate the immunological pathways. Also, RA-elicited inflammation is decreased by the combination drug treatment. ACL and MTX combination treatment has been shown to regulate the signaling pathway controlled by NF-κB and FOXO1. The present manuscript reviews the importance of the combination drug regimen to treat and/or manage RA. The combination drug regimen could affect the Th1/Th17 axis to switch the balance toward the immunoregulatory (Th1) phenotype for establishing immune homeostasis. In conclusion, we propose the study of the immunological signaling pathways in experimental humanized RA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Prakriti Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India.
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3
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Shobeiri P, Seyedmirzaei H, Karimi N, Rashidi F, Teixeira AL, Brand S, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Rezaei N. IL-6 and TNF-α responses to acute and regular exercise in adult individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:185. [PMID: 36156182 PMCID: PMC9511785 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In both the general population and people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), physical exercise is associated with improved mental well-being. Moreover, there is evidence of the possible protection of physical activity against disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the question arises if acute or regular exercise has any impact on the immune system in PwMS. To answer this question, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on both plasma and serum cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) before and after acute and regular exercise among PwMS and compared to healthy controls. Method We performed an online search via PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library till September 2021 to identify original studies on IL-6 and TNF-α changes after acute and regular exercise in PwMS and controls. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 11 original studies were included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to identify the origins of heterogeneity. R 4.0.4 was used to perform the meta-analysis of IL-6 and TNF-α levels before and after acute and regular exercise in PwMS, compared to controls. This study does not qualify for a clinical trial number. Results IL-6 levels did neither increase nor decrease after acute and regular exercise in PwMS, and compared to controls (pre- vs. post-intervention: Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) -0.09, 95% CI [−0.29; 0.11], p-value = 0.37, PwMS vs. Control: SMD −0.08, 95% CI [−0.33; 0.16], p-value = 0.47). In PwMS, TNF-α levels decreased after regular exercise and when TNF-α levels of both acute and regular exercise were pooled (pre- vs. post-intervention: SMD −0.51, 95% CI [-0.91; 0.11], p-value = 0.01, PwMS vs. Control: SMD −0.23, 95% CI [−0.66; 0.18], p-value = 0.26). TNF-α levels did neither increase nor decrease after acute and regular exercise in PwMS, when compared to controls. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis show that exercise does not lead to significant changes in peripheral levels of IL-6 in PwMS in contrast to the observed response in healthy subjects and other medical contexts. However, regular exercise had a specific anti-inflammatory effect on blood TNF-α levels in PwMS. It remains to be investigated why PwMS display this different exercise-induced pattern of cytokines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00814-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program (INRP), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Karimi
- School of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rashidi
- School of Medicine, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, Neuropsychiatry Program, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Serge Brand
- School of Medicine, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Molecular Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Health and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179802. [PMID: 36077204 PMCID: PMC9456434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this feasibility study was to investigate the concentration level of CCL-20/MIP-3α, BAFF/BLyS, IL-23, RANKL, and Osteoprotegerin in the Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid (PICF), from patients diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, and to compare them with PICF from patients with healthy implants. Methods: Participants with at least one dental implant with healthy peri-implant tissues, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis were included. PICF was collected using paper strips from healthy and diseased peri-implant sites (n = 19). Biomarker levels were analyzed using a custom Multiplex ELISA Assay Kit. Results: In comparison to peri-implant health, the peri-implant mucositis group showed an increased concentration of CCL-20 MIP-3α, BAFF/BLyS, IL-23, RANKL, and Osteoprotegerin. The peri-implantitis group had the lowest median concentration of Osteoprotegerin (1963 ng/mL); this group had a similar concentration of RANKL (640.84 ng/mL) when compared to the peri-implant health group. BAFF/BLyS (17.06 ng/mL) showed the highest concentration in the peri-implantitis group. Conclusions: This feasibility study suggests that IL-23 and RANKL may help to elucidate the pathogenesis during the conversion from peri-implant health to peri-implantitis. Further research is required in BAFF/BLyS for the early diagnosis of peri-implantitis.
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Liu W, Fan M, Lu W, Zhu W, Meng L, Lu S. Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872167. [PMID: 35844577 PMCID: PMC9280647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper (Th) cells, contribute to the adaptive immunity both in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS). At least seven subsets of Th cells along with their signature cytokines have been identified nowadays. Neuroinflammation denotes the brain’s immune response to inflammatory conditions. In recent years, various CNS disorders have been related to the dysregulation of adaptive immunity, especially the process concerning Th cells and their cytokines. However, as the functions of Th cells are being discovered, it’s also found that their roles in different neuroinflammatory conditions, or even the participation of a specific Th subset in one CNS disorder may differ, and sometimes contrast. Based on those recent and contradictory evidence, the conflicting roles of Th cells in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury as well as some typical mental disorders will be reviewed herein. Research progress, limitations and novel approaches concerning different neuroinflammatory conditions will also be mentioned and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
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6
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Petržalka M, Meluzínová E, Libertínová J, Mojžišová H, Hanzalová J, Ročková P, Elišák M, Kmetonyová S, Šanda J, Sobek O, Marusič P. IL-2, IL-6 and chitinase 3-like 2 might predict early relapse activity in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270607. [PMID: 35759479 PMCID: PMC9236235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The possibility to better predict the severity of the disease in a patient newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis would allow the treatment strategy to be personalized and lead to better clinical outcomes. Prognostic biomarkers are highly needed. Objective To assess the prognostic value of intrathecal IgM synthesis, cerebrospinal fluid and serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, chitinase 3-like 2 and neurofilament heavy chains obtained early after the onset of the disease. Methods 58 patients after the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis were included. After the initial diagnostic assessment including serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, all patients initiated therapy with either glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, or interferon beta. To assess the evolution of the disease, we followed the patients clinically and with MRI for two years. Results The IL-2:IL-6 ratio (both in cerebrospinal fluid) <0.48 (p = 0.0028), IL-2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥1.23pg/ml (p = 0.026), and chitinase 3-like 2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥7900pg/ml (p = 0.033), as well as baseline EDSS ≥1.5 (p = 0.0481) and age <22 (p = 0.0312), proved to be independent markers associated with shorter relapse free intervals. Conclusion The IL-2:IL-6 ratio, IL-2, and chitinase 3-like 2 (all in cerebrospinal fluid) might be of value as prognostic biomarkers in early phases of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Petržalka
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Meluzínová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Libertínová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Mojžišová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hanzalová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ročková
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Elišák
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Kmetonyová
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šanda
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sobek
- Topelex sro, Laboratory for CSF, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marusič
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kunkl M, Amormino C, Tedeschi V, Fiorillo MT, Tuosto L. Astrocytes and Inflammatory T Helper Cells: A Dangerous Liaison in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824411. [PMID: 35211120 PMCID: PMC8860818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the recruitment of self-reactive T lymphocytes, mainly inflammatory T helper (Th) cell subsets. Once recruited within the CNS, inflammatory Th cells produce several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that activate resident glial cells, thus contributing to the breakdown of blood-brain barrier (BBB), demyelination and axonal loss. Astrocytes are recognized as key players of MS immunopathology, which respond to Th cell-defining cytokines by acquiring a reactive phenotype that amplify neuroinflammation into the CNS and contribute to MS progression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the astrocytic changes and behaviour in both MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and the contribution of pathogenic Th1, Th17 and Th1-like Th17 cell subsets, and CD8+ T cells to the morphological and functional modifications occurring in astrocytes and their pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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8
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Jalaiei A, Asadi MR, Sabaie H, Dehghani H, Gharesouran J, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S, Rezazadeh M. Long Non-Coding RNAs, Novel Offenders or Guardians in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:774002. [PMID: 34950142 PMCID: PMC8688805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.774002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. MS results in serious neurological dysfunctions and disability. Disturbances in coding and non-coding genes are key components leading to neurodegeneration along with environmental factors. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long molecules in cells that take part in the regulation of gene expression. Several studies have confirmed the role of lncRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases such as MS. In the current study, we performed a systematic analysis of the role of lncRNAs in this disorder. In total, 53 studies were recognized as eligible for this systematic review. Of the listed lncRNAs, 52 lncRNAs were upregulated, 37 lncRNAs were downregulated, and 11 lncRNAs had no significant expression difference in MS patients compared with controls. We also summarized some of the mechanisms of lncRNA functions in MS. The emerging role of lncRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases suggests that their dysregulation could trigger neuronal death via still unexplored RNA-based regulatory mechanisms. Evaluation of their diagnostic significance and therapeutic potential could help in the design of novel treatments for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jalaiei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Dehghani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Barac IS, Iancu M, Văcăraș V, Cozma A, Negrean V, Sâmpelean D, Mureșanu DF, Procopciuc LM. Potential Contribution of IL-27 and IL-23 Gene Polymorphisms to Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility: An Association Analysis at Genotype and Haplotype Level. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010037. [PMID: 35011777 PMCID: PMC8745323 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: interleukin 23 (IL-23) and interleukin 27 (IL-27) modulate the activity of T helper 17 cells (Th17) with critical roles in autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis (MS). The genes responsible for cytokine generation are highly influenced by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in main regions such as regulatory sequences or in promoter regions, contributing to disease susceptibility and evolution. The present study analyzed the associations of IL-23 and IL-27 SNPs with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. (2) Methods: We performed a case-control study including 252 subjects: 157 patients diagnosed with MS and 95 controls. We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to determine the genotypes for IL-27 T4730C (rs 181206), IL-27 A964G (rs 153109), and IL-23 receptor gene (IL-23R) G1142A (rs 11209026). (3) Results: The IL27-T4730C gene polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased odds of MS under the dominant genetic model (TC + CC variant genotypes, adjusted odds ratio OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 2.14–7.83, p-value = 0.000007, Q-value = 0.000063). Individuals carrying the IL-27 A924G variant (AG + GG) genotype presented higher odds of MS compared to non-carriers under the dominant model (adjusted OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.05–3.51, p-value = 0.0324, Q-value = 0.05832) and the allelic genetic model (unadjusted p-value = 0.015, OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09–2.28), while IL-23-R381Q SNP conferred a decreased odds of MS under a codominant model of inheritance (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08–0.92, p-value = 0.0276, Q-value = 0.058) and an allelic model (unadjusted p-value = 0.008, OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07–0.75). In an additive model with adjustment for age group (≤40 years vs. >40 years), sex and smoking, patients carrying the G-C (A964G, T4730C) haplotype had a 3.18 increased risk (95% CI: 1.74–5.81, p < 0.001) to develop multiple sclerosis. (4) Conclusions: The results of the current study showed a significant relationship of IL-27-A964G and IL-27-T4730C polymorphisms with increased risk of MS, and also the protective role of the IL-23-R381Q polymorphism. Moreover, the haplotype-based analysis proposed the mutant G-C (A924G, T4730C) as a significant risk haplotype for the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana S. Barac
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.B.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (V.V.); Tel.: +40-0740-130-888 (M.I.); +40-0728-730-373 (V.V.)
| | - Vitalie Văcăraș
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.B.); (D.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (V.V.); Tel.: +40-0740-130-888 (M.I.); +40-0728-730-373 (V.V.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (V.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (V.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorel Sâmpelean
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (V.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Dafin F. Mureșanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.S.B.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Lucia M. Procopciuc
- Department of Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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10
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Bechara R, Amatya N, Majumder S, Zhou C, Li Y, Liu Q, McGeachy MJ, Gaffen SL. The RNA binding protein IMP2 drives a stromal-Th17 cell circuit in autoimmune neuroinflammation. JCI Insight 2021; 7:152766. [PMID: 34914635 PMCID: PMC8855811 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells are emerging as key drivers of autoimmunity, partially because they produce inflammatory chemokines that orchestrate inflammation. Chemokine expression is regulated transcriptionally but also through posttranscriptional mechanisms, the specific drivers of which are still incompletely defined. CCL2 (MCP1) is a multifunctional chemokine that drives myeloid cell recruitment. During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an IL-17–driven model of multiple sclerosis, CCL2 produced by lymph node (LN) stromal cells was essential for immunopathology. Here, we showed that Ccl2 mRNA upregulation in human stromal fibroblasts in response to IL-17 required the RNA-binding protein IGF-2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2, IMP2), which is expressed almost exclusively in nonhematopoietic cells. IMP2 binds directly to CCL2 mRNA, markedly extending its transcript half-life, and is thus required for efficient CCL2 secretion. Consistent with this, Imp2−/− mice showed reduced CCL2 production in LNs during EAE, causing impairments in monocyte recruitment and Th17 cell polarization. Imp2–/– mice were fully protected from CNS inflammation. Moreover, deletion of IMP2 after EAE onset was sufficient to mitigate disease severity. These data showed that posttranscriptional control of Ccl2 in stromal cells by IMP2 was required to permit IL-17–driven progression of EAE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Bechara
- Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies A, University of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nilesh Amatya
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Qixing Liu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
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11
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Jin M, Akgün K, Ziemssen T, Kipp M, Günther R, Hermann A. Interleukin-17 and Th17 Lymphocytes Directly Impair Motoneuron Survival of Wildtype and FUS-ALS Mutant Human iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158042. [PMID: 34360808 PMCID: PMC8348495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease leading to the degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS; however, interactions of specific immune cell types and MNs are not well studied. We recently found a shift toward T helper (Th)1/Th17 cell-mediated, pro-inflammatory immune responses in the peripheral immune system of ALS patients, which positively correlated with disease severity and progression. Whether Th17 cells or their central mediator, Interleukin-17 (IL-17), directly affects human motor neuron survival is currently unknown. Here, we evaluated the contribution of Th17 cells and IL-17 on MN degeneration using the co-culture of iPSC-derived MNs of fused in sarcoma (FUS)-ALS patients and isogenic controls with Th17 lymphocytes derived from ALS patients, healthy controls, and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (positive control). Only Th17 cells from MS patients induced severe MN degeneration in FUS-ALS as well as in wildtype MNs. Their main effector, IL-17A, yielded in a dose-dependent decline of the viability and neurite length of MNs. Surprisingly, IL-17F did not influence MNs. Importantly, neutralizing IL-17A and anti-IL-17 receptor A treatment reverted all effects of IL-17A. Our results offer compelling evidence that Th17 cells and IL-17A do directly contribute to MN degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.J.); (K.A.); (T.Z.); (R.G.)
- Center for Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.J.); (K.A.); (T.Z.); (R.G.)
- Center for Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.J.); (K.A.); (T.Z.); (R.G.)
- Center for Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center Rostock, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rene Günther
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.J.); (K.A.); (T.Z.); (R.G.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.J.); (K.A.); (T.Z.); (R.G.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section, “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)381-494-9541
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12
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Capone A, Naro C, Bianco M, De Bardi M, Noël F, Macchi P, Battistini L, Soumelis V, Volpe E, Sette C. Systems analysis of human T helper17 cell differentiation uncovers distinct time-regulated transcriptional modules. iScience 2021; 24:102492. [PMID: 34036250 PMCID: PMC8138776 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells protect from infections and are pathogenic in autoimmunity. While human Th17 cell differentiation has been defined, the global and stepwise transcriptional changes accompanying this process remain uncharacterized. Herein, by performing transcriptome analysis of human Th17 cells, we uncovered three time-regulated modules: early, involving exclusively “signaling pathways” genes; late, characterized by response to infections; and persistent, involving effector immune functions. To assign them an inflammatory or regulatory potential, we compared Th17 cells differentiated in presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1β, respectively. Most inflammatory genes belong to the persistent module, whereas regulatory genes are lately or persistently induced. Among inflammatory genes, we identified the effector molecules IL17A, IL17F, IL26, IL6, interferon (IFN)G, IFNK, LTA, IL1A, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A and the transcriptional regulators homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) and sex-determining-region-Y-box (SOX)2, whose expression was independently validated. This study provides an integrative representation of the stepwise human Th17 differentiation program and offers new perspectives toward therapeutic targeting of Th17-related autoimmune diseases. Human Th17 cells are driven by early, late, and persistent transcriptional modules. Human Th17 cells express IL17A, IL17F, IL26, IL6, IFNG, IFNK, LTA, IL1A, and PDGFA. RORC regulates the IL17A, IL17F, IFNG, PDGFA, and IL1A expression in human Th17 cells. HOPX and SOX2 contribute to the expression of IFNG by human Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Capone
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Naro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Bianco
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriane Noël
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- HIPI Unit, Inserm U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
- HIPI Unit, Inserm U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Neuroembriology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author
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13
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The role of immune semaphorins in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: Potential therapeutic targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107556. [PMID: 33756227 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems possess a highly intricate network of synaptic connections, shared messenger molecules, and exquisite communication ways, allowing intercellular signal transduction. The semaphorins (Semas) were initially identified as axonal guidance molecules in the development of the nervous system but later were found to be implicated also in regulating the immune system, known in this case as the "immune Semas" or "immunoregulatory Semas". Increasingly, these molecules are involved in multiple aspects of both physiological and pathological immune responses and were recently indicated to take part in various immunological disorders, encompassing allergy, cancer, and autoimmunity. Semas transduce signals by connecting to their cognate receptors, namely, plexins and neuropilins. Some of them, like Sema-3F, have been found to function as the inducer of the remyelination process whereas some others, like Sema-3A and Sema-4D, act to inhibit this process, either directly or indirectly. Besides, Sema-4A is crucial to the differentiation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. This review aims to reveal the role of immune Semas in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, focusing on the therapeutic usages of these molecules to treat this neurodegenerative disease.
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14
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Sant'Anna MB, Giardini AC, Ribeiro MAC, Lopes FSR, Teixeira NB, Kimura LF, Bufalo MC, Ribeiro OG, Borrego A, Cabrera WHK, Ferreira JCB, Zambelli VO, Sant'Anna OA, Picolo G. The Crotoxin:SBA-15 Complex Down-Regulates the Incidence and Intensity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Through Peripheral and Central Actions. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591563. [PMID: 33193433 PMCID: PMC7655790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotoxin (CTX), the main neurotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom, has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antinociceptive activities. However, the CTX-induced toxicity may compromise its use. Under this scenario, the use of nanoparticle such as nanostructured mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as a carrier might become a feasible approach to improve CTX safety. Here, we determined the benefits of SBA-15 on CTX-related neuroinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis that replicates several histopathological and immunological features observed in humans. We showed that a single administration of CTX:SBA-15 (54 μg/kg) was more effective in reducing pain and ameliorated the clinical score (motor impairment) in EAE animals compared to the CTX-treated EAE group; therefore, improving the disease outcome. Of interest, CTX:SBA-15, but not unconjugated CTX, prevented EAE-induced atrophy and loss of muscle function. Further supporting an immune mechanism, CTX:SBA-15 treatment reduced both recruitment and proliferation of peripheral Th17 cells as well as diminished IL-17 expression and glial cells activation in the spinal cord in EAE animals when compared with CTX-treated EAE group. Finally, CTX:SBA-15, but not unconjugated CTX, prevented the EAE-induced cell infiltration in the CNS. These results provide evidence that SBA-15 maximizes the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of CTX in an EAE model; therefore, suggesting that SBA-15 has the potential to improve CTX effectiveness in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline C Giardini
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia S R Lopes
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Louise F Kimura
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle C Bufalo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Borrego
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wafa H K Cabrera
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa O Zambelli
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Ikram M, Ullah R, Khan A, Kim MO. Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061464. [PMID: 32549286 PMCID: PMC7349707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer’s disease models, Parkinson’s disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.
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16
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Boyko AN, Khachanova NV, Melnikov MV, Sivertseva SA, Evdoshenko EP, Spirin NN, Vasilyev AV, Rozenson OL. [New directions of immunocorrection in multiple sclerosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:103-109. [PMID: 32307419 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120021103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a central nervous system disease with autoimmune and neurodegenerative mechanisms of development. This disease can lead to severe disability and neurological defects. Although its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, research data show that multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial disease, the development of which depends on environmental factors, as well as a genetic predisposition. The impact of these factors lead to the death of neural cells, accompanied by demyelination of nerves and neuronal dysfunction. Therapy of multiple sclerosis is based on the use of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating substances, however, there are certain disadvantages associated with the constant use of these drugs and a possible change in dosage over time. This review discusses the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the role of various subpopulations of immune cells in the development of diseases, as well as existing approaches to therapy. It is noted that immunoreconstitution therapy has advantages over immunomodulation and immunosuppression maintenance therapy for some patients. Thus, short courses of therapy provide more adequate treatment for patients and lower risks of adverse events associated with chronic immunosuppression. The review also discusses the data of clinical studies on the immunoreconstitution therapy drugs, such as alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab and cladribine. It is noted that nowadays the exact mechanisms underlying this type of therapy remain unclear. In this regard, further studies are needed to explain the therapeutic effects. It is assumed that patients with a high risk of multiple sclerosis progression are the optimal group of patients for the early use of selective immunoreconstitution therapy. Thus, immunoreconstitution therapy may be the treatment of choice for many patients with highle active multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Boyko
- Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Khachanova
- Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Melnikov
- Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Sivertseva
- Tyumen Regional Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Tyumen, Russia
| | - E P Evdoshenko
- Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Peterburg, Russia
| | - N N Spirin
- Yaroslavl' State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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17
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Kunkl M, Frascolla S, Amormino C, Volpe E, Tuosto L. T Helper Cells: The Modulators of Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020482. [PMID: 32093011 PMCID: PMC7072830 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of axonal myelin in several areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that is responsible for clinical symptoms such as muscle spasms, optic neuritis, and paralysis. The progress made in more than one decade of research in animal models of MS for clarifying the pathophysiology of MS disease validated the concept that MS is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder caused by the recruitment in the CNS of self-reactive lymphocytes, mainly CD4+ T cells. Indeed, high levels of T helper (Th) cells and related cytokines and chemokines have been found in CNS lesions and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients, thus contributing to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the activation of resident astrocytes and microglia, and finally the outcome of neuroinflammation. To date, several types of Th cells have been discovered and designated according to the secreted lineage-defining cytokines. Interestingly, Th1, Th17, Th1-like Th17, Th9, and Th22 have been associated with MS. In this review, we discuss the role and interplay of different Th cell subpopulations and their lineage-defining cytokines in modulating the inflammatory responses in MS and the approved as well as the novel therapeutic approaches targeting T lymphocytes in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Frascolla
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Ryu H, Kim J, Kim D, Lee JE, Chung Y. Cellular and Molecular Links between Autoimmunity and Lipid Metabolism. Mol Cells 2019; 42:747-754. [PMID: 31766832 PMCID: PMC6883973 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of atherosclerosis is higher among patients with several autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is well documented that innate immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells sense lipid species such as saturated fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, whether a hyperlipidemic environment also impacts autoimmune T cell responses has been unclear. Among CD4+ T cells, Th17 and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are known to play pathogenic roles in the development of hyperlipidemiaassociated autoimmune diseases. This review gives an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which dysregulated lipid metabolism impacts the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on Th17 and Tfh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Ryu
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Daehong Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
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19
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Capone A, Bianco M, Ruocco G, De Bardi M, Battistini L, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Centonze D, Sette C, Volpe E. Distinct Expression of Inflammatory Features in T Helper 17 Cells from Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Cells 2019; 8:E533. [PMID: 31167379 PMCID: PMC6628300 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Indeed, Th17 cells are abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of MS patients and promote pathogenesis in the mouse model of MS. To gain insight into the function of Th17 cells in MS, we tested whether Th17 cells polarized from naïve CD4 T cells of healthy donors and MS patients display different features. To this end, we analysed several parameters that typify the Th17 profile during the differentiation process of naïve CD4 T cells obtained from relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS patients (n = 31) and healthy donors (HD) (n = 28). Analysis of an array of cytokines produced by Th17 cells revealed that expression of interleukin (IL)-21, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-β, IL-2 and IL-1R1 is significantly increased in Th17 cells derived from MS patients compared to healthy donor-derived cells. Interestingly, IL-1R1 expression is also increased in Th17 cells circulating in the blood of MS patients compared to healthy donors. Since IL-2, IL-21, TNF-β, and IL-1R1 play a crucial role in the activation of immune cells, our data indicate that high expression of these molecules in Th17 cells from MS patients could be related to their high inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Capone
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuela Bianco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Ruocco
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience "Lancisi", San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego Centonze
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
| | - Claudio Sette
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Volpe
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 Promotes Th17 Lymphocyte Infiltration Via CCL25/CCR9 in Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:493-502. [PMID: 31065973 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key component in innate immunity and has been linked to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder induced by autoreactive Th17 cells. In our study, we found that TLR4 deficient (TLR4-/-) mice were inadequate to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), characterized by low clinic score and weight loss, alleviative demyelinating, as well as decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the spinal cord. In the lesion area of EAE mice, loss of TLR4 down-regulated the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine CCL25. Furthermore, the expression of CCR9 was decreased and chemotactic migration was attenuated in TLR4-/- Th17 cells. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 may mediate Th17 infiltration through CCL25/CCR9 signal during pathogenesis of EAE. Graphical Abstract Immunofluorescent staining of RORγt (green) and CCR9 (red) in spinal cords. TLR4 deficiency down-regulates CCR9 expression in infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Storelli E, Cassina N, Rasini E, Marino F, Cosentino M. Do Th17 Lymphocytes and IL-17 Contribute to Parkinson's Disease? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence. Front Neurol 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30733703 PMCID: PMC6353825 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, appearance of Lewy bodies and presence of neuroinflammation. No treatments currently exist to prevent PD or delay its progression, and dopaminergic substitution treatments just relieve the consequences of dopaminergic neuron loss. Increasing evidence points to peripheral T lymphocytes as key players in PD, and recently there has been growing interest into the specific role of T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes. Th17 are a proinflammatory CD4+ T cell lineage named after interleukin (IL)-17, the main cytokine produced by these cells. Th17 are involved in immune-related disease such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, and drugs targeting Th17/IL-17 are currently approved for clinical use in such disease. In the present paper, we first summarized current knowledge about contribution of the peripheral immune system in PD, as well as about the physiopharmacology of Th17 and IL-17 together with its therapeutic relevance. Thereafter, we systematically retrieved and evaluated published evidence about Th17 and IL-17 in PD, to help assessing Th17/IL-17-targeting drugs as potentially novel antiparkinson agents. Critical appraisal of the evidence did not allow to reach definite conclusions: both animal as well as clinical studies are limited, just a few provide mechanistic evidence and none of them investigates the eventual relationship between Th17/IL-17 and clinically relevant endpoints such as disease progression, disability scores, intensity of dopaminergic substitution treatment. Careful assessment of Th17 in PD is anyway a priority, as Th17/IL-17-targeting therapeutics might represent a straightforward opportunity for the unmet needs of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M. Therapeutic potentials of ginger for treatment of Multiple sclerosis: A review with emphasis on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:54-75. [PMID: 30243185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory response-induced demyelination of the neurons and degeneration of the axons within the central nervous system (CNS). A complex network of immunopathological-, inflammatory- and oxidative parameters involve in the development and advancement of MS. The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative characteristics of the ginger and several of its components have been indicated in some of experimental and clinical investigations. The possible therapeutic potentials of ginger and its ingredients in the treatment of MS may exert mainly through the regulation of the Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Th22- and Treg cell-related immune responses, down-regulation of the B cell-related immune responses, modulation of the macrophages-related responses, modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, down-regulation of the arachidonic acid-derived mediators, interfering with the toll like receptor-related signaling pathways, suppression of the inflammasomes, down-regulation of the oxidative stress, reduction of the adhesion molecules expression, and down-regulation of the expression of the chemokines and chemokine receptors. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of ginger and its components, and highlight novel insights into the possible therapeutic potentials of this plant for treatment of MS. The review encourages more investigations to consider the therapeutic potentials of ginger and its effective components for managing of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Wan X, Pei W, Shahzad KA, Zhang L, Song S, Jin X, Wang L, Zhao C, Shen C. A Tolerogenic Artificial APC Durably Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Directly and Selectively Modulating Myelin Peptide–Autoreactive CD4+and CD8+T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1194-1210. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Barington L, Wanke F, Niss Arfelt K, Holst PJ, Kurschus FC, Rosenkilde MM. EBI2 in splenic and local immune responses and in autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:313-322. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vmr1217-510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Barington
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - K. Niss Arfelt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. J. Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. C. Kurschus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - M. M. Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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25
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Piancone F, Saresella M, Marventano I, La Rosa F, Santangelo MA, Caputo D, Mendozzi L, Rovaris M, Clerici M. Monosodium Urate Crystals Activate the Inflammasome in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:983. [PMID: 29780394 PMCID: PMC5945820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome-driven inflammation is postulated to play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is no direct evidence that the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in MS pathogenesis. Uric acid was shown to be one of the “danger” signals involved in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; notably, the concentration of uric acid is increased in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS individuals. To better investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MS-associated inflammation, we primed with lipopolysaccharide and stimulated with monosodium urate crystals PBMCs of 41 MS patients with different disease phenotypes. Eleven individuals with primary progressive MS (PPMS), 10 individuals with stable relapsing–remitting MS (SMS), 10 individuals with acute relapsing–remitting MS (AMS), 10 individuals with benign MS were analyzed; 10 healthy controls were enrolled as well in the study. The expression of the NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1, caspase-8, IL-1β, and IL-18 inflammasome genes was evaluated by RT-PCR. NLRP3 and ASC-speck protein expression was analyzed by FlowSight AMNIS, whereas production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and of caspase-1 and caspase-8 was measured by ELISA in supernatants. Results showed that uric acid serum concentration was significantly increased in PPMS; in these and in AMS patients, mRNA for NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18 was upregulated as well, but caspase-8 mRNA was upregulated only in PPMS. Expression of NLRP3 and ASC-speck protein was significantly increased in PPMS, SMS, and AMS patients, but IL-18 and caspase-8 production was significantly increased only in PPMS, in whom a direct correlation between hyperuricemia and caspase-8 was detected. The NLRP3/caspase-8 inflammasome pathway is activated in PPMS, possibly as a consequence of hyperuricemia. Therapeutic strategies reducing NLRP3 activation and/or lowering hyperuricemia could be useful in the therapy of PPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piancone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Saresella
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Marventano
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca La Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Caputo
- Department of Neurology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mendozzi
- Department of Neurology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rovaris
- Department of Neurology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Don Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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27
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Inhibiting Interleukin 17 Can Ameliorate the Demyelination Caused by A. cantonensis via iNOS Inhibition. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3513651. [PMID: 29403160 PMCID: PMC5748302 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3513651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) is an important food-borne parasitic disease. Previous study showed that A. cantonensis infection can cause demyelination in the central nerve system, but the mechanism of action has not been understood. To explore the mechanism and to look for effective therapeutic methods, interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and iNOS expressions were detected during A. cantonensis infection. In addition, IL-17A-neutralizing antibody was applied to treat A. cantonensis-infected mice. In our results, we found that IL-17A and iNOS RNA expressions increased gradually in the process of A. cantonensis infection. When infected mice were treated with IL-17A-neutralizing antibody, the pathologic changes of demyelination alleviated obviously, followed with the elevation of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the brain. In addition, the iNOS expression of the brain in infected animals also showed a decrease in astrocytes. Our study provided evidence that IL-17A may take part in the demyelination caused by A. cantonensis and inhibiting IL-17A expression can ameliorate the pathologic changes of demyelination. Moreover, the decreasing of iNOS expression may be the key reason for the effect of IL-17A inhibition on demyelination caused by A. cantonensis.
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28
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Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Mimura LAN, Fraga-Silva TFC, Ishikawa LLW, França TGD, Sartori A. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Successfully Controlled by Epicutaneous Administration of MOG Plus Vitamin D Analog. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1198. [PMID: 29085356 PMCID: PMC5650696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely employed to evaluate new strategies to control MS, including procedures to induce immunological tolerance. Considering that skin exposure to protein antigens can induce tolerance and that vitamin D analogs conserve immunomodulatory potential and are less toxic, we investigated the efficacy of epicutaneous application of a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) associated with paricalcitol (PARI) on EAE development. Three and 11 days after EAE induction, C57BL/6 mice were treated with an occlusive patch containing MOG plus PARI. Clinical parameters were daily assessed, whereas immunological and histological evaluations were performed during the acute EAE phase. MOG and MOG + PARI significantly controlled disease development reducing weight loss and clinical score. Moreover, MOG and MOG + PARI reduced the inflammatory process and preserved the myelin sheath in the CNS. High percentages of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lower MHCII fluorescence intensity in dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes were concomitantly observed. MOG + PARI association was, however, more efficient being able to reduce disease incidence and clinical scores more significantly than MOG or PARI alone. This experimental group also displayed a higher ratio between mRNA expression for Foxp3 and RORc and a higher percentage of Foxp3+ cells in the CNS. Modulation of activation markers observed in microglial cells eluted from EAE treated mice were confirmed by in vitro studies with the BV-2 microglial cell line. The results show that MOG + PARI association applied by an epicutaneous route controlled EAE development. Protective involved mechanisms include mainly a higher proportion of Tregs and also a direct immunomodulatory effect of PARI on microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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29
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Bai H, Wu S, Wang R, Xu J, Chen L. Bone marrow IRF4 level in multiple myeloma: an indicator of peripheral blood Th17 and disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85392-85400. [PMID: 29156727 PMCID: PMC5689617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulator factor 4 (IRF4) is characterized to be a member of interferon regulatory family, which is predominantly expressed in bone marrow plasma cells of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Recent studies indicated IRF4 is critical for T-help cells (Th17) differentiation and interleukin-17 (IL-17) secretion. Here, a total of 58 MM patients were enrolled in this study, the proportions of Th17 cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the IRF4 expression in bone marrow. Herein, we observed a significant increase of IRF4 in bone marrow accompanied with a notable up-regulation of Th17 cells in PBMC within MM patients compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, the proportions of Th17 cells and serum IL-17 levels were higher in patients with stage III than stage I & II MM patients, and those parameters were positively correlated with the expression of IRF4 in these cases. These results for the first time indicate that a crosstalk between IRF4 and Th17 cells is associated with MM prognosis, and IRF4 may be served an important target for MM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
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30
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Multiple Sclerosis: Immunopathology and Treatment Update. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7070078. [PMID: 28686222 PMCID: PMC5532591 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed over the last 20 years. All immunotherapeutic drugs target relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and it still remains a medical challenge in MS to develop a treatment for progressive forms. The most common injectable disease-modifying therapies in RRMS include β-interferons 1a or 1b and glatiramer acetate. However, one of the major challenges of injectable disease-modifying therapies has been poor treatment adherence with approximately 50% of patients discontinuing the therapy within the first year. Herein, we go back to the basics to understand the immunopathophysiology of MS to gain insights in the development of new improved drug treatments. We present current disease-modifying therapies (interferons, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, fingolimod, mitoxantrone), humanized monoclonal antibodies (natalizumab, ofatumumb, ocrelizumab, alentuzumab, daclizumab) and emerging immune modulating approaches (stem cells, DNA vaccines, nanoparticles, altered peptide ligands) for the treatment of MS.
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31
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Safdari V, Alijani E, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e174-e180. [PMID: 28690889 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.17.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Imbalances in effector T cell functioning have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Differentiation of effector T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) lymphocytes is regulated by transcription factors, including Th1-specific T box (T-bet), GATA binding protein-3 (GATA3), retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-α and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). This study aimed to investigate Th1/Th2, Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg balances at the level of these transcription factors. METHODS This study took place between October 2015 and August 2016. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from a control group of 40 healthy women recruited from the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, and a patient group of 40 women with HT referred to the Hazrat Ali Asghar Hospital, Zahedan. Total ribonucleic acid extraction was performed and the gene expression of transcription factors was quantitated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS Expression of T-bet and GATA3 was significantly elevated, while FOXP3 expression was significantly diminished among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Expression of RORα was higher among HT patients, although this difference was not significant (P = 0.15). Expression of T-bet/FOXP3, GATA3/FOXP3 and RORα/FOXP3 ratios were increased among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P <0.02, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION These results indicate that HT patients have imbalances in Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg lymphocytes at the level of the transcription factors, deviating towards Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Correction of these imbalances may therefore be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Safdari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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32
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Korean Red Ginseng mitigates spinal demyelination in a model of acute multiple sclerosis by downregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:436-446. [PMID: 30337803 PMCID: PMC6187097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The potential therapeutic values of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) in autoimmune disorders of nervous system have not been fully investigated. Methods We used an acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis and determined the effects and mechanism of KRGE on spinal myelination. Results Pretreatment with KRGE (100 mg/kg, orally) for 10 days before immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP)68-82 peptide exerted a protective effect against demyelination in the spinal cord, with inhibited recruitment and activation of immune cells including microglia, decreased mRNA expression of detrimental inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and cyclooxygenase-2), but increased mRNA expression of protective inflammatory mediators (insulin-like growth factor β1, transforming growth factor β, and vascular endothelial growth factor-1). These results were associated with significant downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways in microglia/macrophages, T cells, and astrocytes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that KRGE alleviates spinal demyelination in acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, KRGE might be used as a new therapeutic for autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, although further investigation is needed.
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33
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Dutra RC. Kinin receptors: Key regulators of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:192-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Memory B Cells are Major Targets for Effective Immunotherapy in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:41-50. [PMID: 28161400 PMCID: PMC5474520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be a CD4, Th17-mediated autoimmune disease, supportive evidence is perhaps circumstantial, often based on animal studies, and is questioned by the perceived failure of CD4-depleting antibodies to control relapsing MS. Therefore, it was interestingly to find that current MS-treatments, believed to act via T cell inhibition, including: beta-interferons, glatiramer acetate, cytostatic agents, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, cladribine, daclizumab, rituximab/ocrelizumab physically, or functionally in the case of natalizumab, also depleted CD19+, CD27+ memory B cells. This depletion was substantial and long-term following CD52 and CD20-depletion, and both also induced long-term inhibition of MS with few treatment cycles, indicating induction-therapy activity. Importantly, memory B cells were augmented by B cell activating factor (atacicept) and tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) blockade that are known to worsen MS. This creates a unifying concept centered on memory B cells that is consistent with therapeutic, histopathological and etiological aspects of MS.
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35
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Zhao M, Chen H, Ding Q, Xu X, Yu B, Huang Z. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 Deficiency Exacerbates Lupus Nephritis in B6/lpr mice by Regulating Th17 Cell Function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38619. [PMID: 27941837 PMCID: PMC5150244 DOI: 10.1038/srep38619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is the major clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. LN is promoted by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which are the major pro-inflammatory T cell subset contributing to autoimmunity regulation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is critical for suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relieving oxidant stress by regulating antioxidant gene expression. Previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency promotes drug-induced or spontaneous LN. However, whether NRF2 regulates Th17 function during LN development is still unclear. In this study, we introduced Nrf2 deficiency into a well-known LN model, the B6/lpr mouse strain, and found that it promoted early-stage LN with altered Th17 activation. Th17 cells and their relevant cytokines were dramatically increased in these double-mutant mice. We also demonstrated that naïve T cells from the double-mutant mice showed significantly increased differentiation into Th17 cells in vitro, with decreased expression of the Th17 differentiation suppressor Socs3 and increased phosphorylation of STAT3. Our results demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency promoted Th17 differentiation and function during LN development. Moreover, our results suggested that the regulation of Th17 differentiation via NRF2 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of subclinical LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education in China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanpeng Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education in China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ding
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education in China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxie Xu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education in China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaofeng Huang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education in China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Genes differentially expressed by methylprednisolone in vivo in CD4 T lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients: potential biomarkers. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 18:98-105. [PMID: 27670768 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) is the gold standard treatment in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis. Knowing the response to IVMP in advance could facilitate earlier selection of patients for subsequent courses of therapy. However, molecular mechanisms and changes in gene expression induced by methylprednisolone remain unknown. The aim of the study was to identify in vivo differentially expressed genes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients after 3-6 days of treatment with IVMP. For this purpose, whole-genome transcription profiling of CD4+ T lymphocytes was performed before and after treatment with IVMP in 8 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients during relapse using Human GE 4x44K v2 microarrays. Differentially expressed genes were identified using a paired t test on GeneSpring v13.0 software. A P-value <0.001 and a twofold change were considered significant. Microarray data were confirmed using real-time PCR. Microarray revealed changes in gene expression: four genes were downregulated (B3GNT3, ZNF683, IFNG and TNF) and seven upregulated (DEFA4, CTSG, DEFA8P, AZU1, MPO, ELANE and PRTN3). Pathway analysis revealed the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway to be affected. Comparison with previously published data on in vitro methylprednisolone-regulated genes showed that SMAD7, TNF and CHI3L1 were also downregulated in vivo in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. In summary, we performed the first in vivo transcriptome analysis in CD4+ T lymphocytes before and after the treatment with IVMP in patients with multiple sclerosis. Identification of differentially expressed genes in patients receiving IVMP could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of IVMP and highlight potential biomarkers of the response to IVMP.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- INSERM U974; Paris France
- CNRS FRE3617; Paris France
- Sorbonne University; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Paris France
- AIM; Institute of Myology; Paris France
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Etesam Z, Nemati M, Ebrahimizadeh MA, Ebrahimi HA, Hajghani H, Khalili T, Frootan R, Zinoddini N, Jafarzadeh A. Altered Expression of Specific Transcription Factors of Th17 (RORγt, RORα) and Treg Lymphocytes (FOXP3) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:94-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Fu D, Song X, Hu H, Sun M, Li Z, Tian Z. Downregulation of RUNX3 moderates the frequency of Th17 and Th22 cells in patients with psoriasis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4606-12. [PMID: 27082311 PMCID: PMC4878538 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory and T cell-meditated skin disease. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), one of the runt-domain family of transcription factors, has been reported to be a susceptibility gene for psoriasis. The present study was designed to delineate the role and underlying mechanism of RUNX3 involved in the differentiation of T helper (Th) 17 and Th22 cells in psoriasis. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of RUNX3 increased significantly in CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells from patients with psoriasis, compared with healthy controls. In addition, increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-20 and IL-22, and increased frequencies of Th17 and Th22 cells were found in the patients with psoriasis patients, compared with the healthy controls. It was also found that the overexpression of RUNX3 increased the levels of Th17- and Th22-associated cytokines in the CD4+ T cells from the healthy controls. However, the inhibition of RUNX3 reduced the levels of the associated cytokines and decreased the frequency of Th17 and Th22 cells in the CD4+ T cells from the patients with psoriasis. Taken together, the present study suggested that RUNX3 regulated the differentiation of Th17 and Th22 cells in psoriasis, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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