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Yang YN, Han B, Zhang MQ, Chai NN, Yu FL, Qi WH, Tian MY, Sun DZ, Huang Y, Song QX, Li Y, Zhu MC, Zhang Y, Li X. Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of isoxanthohumol on DSS-induced colitis: regulating T cell development, restoring gut microbiota, and improving metabolic disorders. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1983-1998. [PMID: 38642223 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe hazard to human health. Since pathogenesis of UC is still unclear, current therapy for UC treatment is far from optimal. Isoxanthohumol (IXN), a prenylflavonoid from hops and beer, possesses anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties. However, the potential effects of IXN on the alleviation of colitis and the action of the mechanism is rarely studied. Here, we found that administration of IXN (60 mg/kg/day, gavage) significantly attenuated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, evidenced by reduced DAI scores and histological improvements, as well as suppressed the pro-inflammatory Th17/Th1 cells but promoted the anti-inflammatory Treg cells. Mechanically, oral IXN regulated T cell development, including inhibiting CD4+ T cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and regulating Treg/Th17 balance. Furthermore, IXN relieved colitis by restoring gut microbiota disorder and increasing gut microbiota diversity, which was manifested by maintaining the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes balance, promoting abundance of Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcus, and suppressing abundance of proteobacteria. At the same time, the untargeted metabolic analysis of serum samples showed that IXN promoted the upregulation of D-( +)-mannose and L-threonine and regulated pyruvate metabolic pathway. Collectively, our findings revealed that IXN could be applied as a functional food component and served as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na-Nan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng-Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing-Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mao-Cui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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Agulla B, Villaescusa A, Sainz Á, Díaz‐Regañón D, Rodríguez‐Franco F, Calleja‐Bueno L, Olmeda P, García‐Sancho M. Peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1437-1448. [PMID: 38472110 PMCID: PMC11099799 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated T lymphocyte response is thought to play a key role in chronic intestinal inflammation (CIE). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the presence of changes in peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets and to describe potential immune and inflammatory biomarkers in dogs with CIE. ANIMALS Sixteen healthy dogs and 26 dogs were diagnosed with CIE. METHODS Prospective case-control study evaluating peripheral and intestinal T lymphocytes using flow cytometry and inflammatory markers obtained from complete blood cell counts. RESULTS Dogs with CIE had higher peripheral activated T helper (Th) lymphocytes (87/μL [18-273] CIE, 44/μL [16-162] healthy control (HC, P = .013) and regulatory T cells (Treg; 108/μL [2-257] CIE, 34/μL [1-114] HC, P = .004). In the intestinal epithelium, CIE dogs presented lower percentages of Th (4.55% [1.75-18.67] CIE, 8.77% [3.79-25.03] HC, P = .002), activated Th cells (0.16% [0.02-0.83] CIE, 0.33% [0.05-0.57] HC, P = .03) and CD4/CD8 ratio (0.08 [0.02-0.39] CIE, 0.21 [0.07-0.85] HC, P = .003). Conversely, higher percentage of activated T cytotoxic cells (20.24% [3.12-77.12] CIE, 12.32% [1.21-39.22] HC, P = .04) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing T lymphocytes (7.36% [0.63-55.83] CIE, 1.44% [0.00-10.56] HC, P = .01) within the epithelium was observed. In the lamina propria the percentage of Treg lymphocytes was higher (6.02% [1.00-21.48] CIE, 3.52% [0.18-10.52] HC, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Systemic and intestinal immune alterations occur in dogs with CIE suggesting that blood IFN-γ producing T lymphocytes and the systemic immune-inflamation index (SII) could potentially serve as biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Agulla
- Department Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de VeterinàriaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alejandra Villaescusa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Díaz‐Regañón
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez‐Franco
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Lydia Calleja‐Bueno
- Facultad de VeterinariaUniversidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), Avenida de la Universidad 1MadridSpain
| | - Patricia Olmeda
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Mercedes García‐Sancho
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
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Bai J, Wang Y, Li F, Wu Y, Chen J, Li M, Wang X, Lv B. Research advancements and perspectives of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241253709. [PMID: 38778725 PMCID: PMC11113063 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241253709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing incidence, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The accurate etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear, and it is generally believed that it is related to genetic susceptibility, gut microbiota, environmental factors, immunological abnormalities, and potentially other factors. Currently, the mainstream therapeutic drugs are amino salicylic acid agents, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological agents, but the remission rates do not surpass 30-60% of patients in a real-life setting. As a consequence, there are many studies focusing on emerging drugs and bioactive ingredients that have higher efficacy and long-term safety for achieving complete deep healing. This article begins with a review of the latest, systematic, and credible summaries of the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, we provide a summary of the current treatments and drugs for IBD. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic effects of emerging drugs such as microRNAs and lncRNAs, nanoparticles-mediated drugs and natural products on IBD and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuhao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyao Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Pathophysiology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Zaher A. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unraveling Valvulopathy Connections. Cureus 2024; 16:e57996. [PMID: 38738160 PMCID: PMC11087212 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical presentation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes both gastrointestinal manifestations and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). Over the past years, a growing number of studies have indicated that patients suffering from IBD have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Although the precise prevalence of cardiac complications in IBD remains uncertain, emerging evidence suggests a heightened incidence compared to the general population. Valvular heart disease (VHD) in IBD encompasses calcific aortic valve disease, mitral valve prolapses, and endocarditis, potentially associated with chronic inflammation. Considering the role of inflammation in developing cardiovascular manifestations, the management should include preventing flares and maintaining remission for as long as possible. This case highlights the intricate interplay between IBD and cardiovascular complications, particularly valvular abnormalities. We present a 37-year-old male with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC) who was found to have multiple valvular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhaled Zaher
- Internal Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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5
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Wang K, Zhu Y, Liu K, Zhu H, Ouyang M. Adverse events of biologic or small molecule therapies in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25357. [PMID: 38370239 PMCID: PMC10869791 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biologic or small-molecule therapies are highly effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and approval by the FDA has significantly increased both their clinical use and the development of novel regimens. However, the identification and management of their associated toxicities poses challenges for clinicians and researchers. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 1, 2000, to October 15, 2022, and in the databases. A random-effects model with logit transformation was applied to the analysis heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic with incidence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for any adverse events (AEs), and serious AEs (SAEs). Results In Crohn's disease (CD), the total AE incidence was 67.0 % (95 % CI, 66.2%-67.8 %; I2 = 97.2 %) for any AEs and 7.3 % (6.9-7.7; 97.2) for serious AEs. In ulcerative colitis (UC), the overall incidence of any and serious AEs was 63.6 % (63.0-64.3; 98.1) and 5.7 % (5.4-6.0; 88.9), respectively. The most common AEs were infections (21.5 [20.3-22.8], 32.6 [31.0-34.2], 25.9 [24.5-27.2], and 13.7 [10.7-16.7]) in CD patients that were treated with TNF antagonists, anti-integrins, anti-IL agents, and JAK inhibitors, respectively, and in UC patients also were infections (22.8 [21.7-24.0], 27.4 [25.9-28.9], and 18.4 [16.7-20.2]), respectively, as well as increases in lactic dehydrogenase levels (23.1 [20.8-25.4]) with JAK inhibitors. Conclusion This study offers a comprehensive summary of toxic side effects of IBD treatments and a useful reference for both patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Youwen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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Xu H, Wu C, Wang D, Wang H. Alleviating effect of Nexrutine on mucosal inflammation in mice with ulcerative colitis: Involvement of the RELA suppression. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1147. [PMID: 38270298 PMCID: PMC10797652 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nexrutine is an herbal extract derived from Phellodendron amurense, known for its anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and hemostatic properties. However, its effect on ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. METHODS A mouse model of UC was induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium, while human colonic epithelial cells NCM-460 were exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Both models were treated with Nexrutine at 300 or 600 mg/kg, with Mesalazine applied as a positive control regimen. The disease activity index (DAI) of mice was calculated, and the pathological injury scores were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The viability of NCM-460 cells was determined using the CCK-8 method. Inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA kits. Expression of mucin 3 (MUC3), Claudin-1, and tight junction protein (ZO-1) was detected to analyze mucosal barrier integrity. Target genes of Nexrutine were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Expression of RELA proto-oncogene (RELA) was analyzed using qPCR and western blot assays. RESULTS The Nexrutine treatments significantly alleviated DAI of mice, mitigated pathological changes in their colon tissues, decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced the barrier integrity-related proteins, and increased NCM-460 cell viability in vitro. RELA, identified as a target gene of Nexrutine, showed elevated levels in UC models but was substantially suppressed by Nexrutine treatment. Adenovirus-mediated RELA upregulation in mice or the overexpression plasmid of RELA in cells counteracted the effects of Nexrutine treatments, exacerbating UC-related symptoms. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Nexrutine alleviates inflammatory mucosal barrier damage in UC by suppressing RELA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- Graduate SchoolHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Chunyu Wu
- Department of Continuing EducationFirst Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Danning Wang
- Graduate SchoolHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Liver, Spleen and StomachFirst Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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Xie J, Huang Q, Xie H, Liu J, Tian S, Cao R, Yang M, Lin J, Han L, Zhang D. Hyaluronic acid/inulin-based nanocrystals with an optimized ratio of indigo and indirubin for combined ulcerative colitis therapy via immune and intestinal flora regulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126502. [PMID: 37625742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Indigo (IND) and indirubin (INB) have demonstrated a synergistic effect in treating ulcerative colitis at a ratio of 7.5:1. However, the colon mucus layer, a critical physiological barrier against external threats, is also a biological barrier, limiting the potential for effective drug delivery to the lamina propria for regulating inflammatory cells. Inspired by the potential of Hyaluronic acid (HA), to enhance cellular uptake by inflammatory cells, and Pluronic® F127 (F127), known for overcoming the mucus barrier, this study innovatively developed INB/IND nanosuspensions by co-modifying with F127 and HA. Moreover, inulin serves a dual purpose as a spray protective agent and a regulator of intestinal flora. Therefore, it was incorporated into INB/IND nanosuspensions for subsequent spray drying, resulting in the preparation of INB/IND nanocrystals (INB/IND-NC). The mucus penetration of INB/IND-NC was 24.30 times that of the control group. Besides, INB/IND-NC exhibited enhanced cellular uptake properties proximately twice that of Raw INB/IND. Importantly, INB/IND-NC exhibited improved therapeutic efficacy in DSS-induced mice by regulating the expression of cytokines, regulating immune responses via downregulating the expression of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells and maintaining intestinal flora homeostasis. Our study provides a new perspective for applying natural products for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huijuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ruiyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Klughammer B, Piali L, Nica A, Nagel S, Bailey L, Jochum C, Ignatenko S, Bläuer A, Danilin S, Gulati P, Hayward J, Scepanovic P, Zhang JD, Bhosale S, Chong CF, Christ A. A randomized, double-blind phase 1b study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the NLRP3 inhibitor selnoflast in patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1471. [PMID: 37962000 PMCID: PMC10644327 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome drives release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and is a potential target for ulcerative colitis (UC). Selnoflast (RO7486967) is an orally active, potent, selective and reversible small molecule NLRP3 inhibitor. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1b study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of selnoflast. METHODS Nineteen adults with previous diagnosis of UC and current active moderate to severe disease were randomized 2:1 to selnoflast or placebo for 7 days. A dose of 450 mg QD (once daily) was selected to achieve 90% IL-1β inhibition in plasma and colon tissue. Consecutive blood, sigmoid colon biopsies and stool samples were analyzed for a variety of PD markers. Safety and PK were also evaluated. RESULTS Selnoflast was well-tolerated. Plasma concentrations increased rapidly after oral administration, reaching Tmax 1 h post-dose. Mean plasma concentrations stayed above the IL-1β IC90 level throughout the dosing interval (mean Ctrough on Day 1 and Day 5: 2.55 μg/mL and 2.66 μg/mL, respectively). At steady state, post-dose selnoflast concentrations in sigmoid colon (5-20 μg/g) were above the IC90 . Production of IL-1β was reduced in whole blood following ex vivo stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (in the selnoflast arm). No changes were observed in plasma IL-18 levels. There were no meaningful differences in the expression of an IL-1-related gene signature in sigmoid colon tissue, and no differences in the expression of stool biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Selnoflast was safe and well-tolerated. Selnoflast 450 mg QD achieved plasma and tissue exposure predicted to maintain IL-1β IC90 over the dosing interval. However, PD biomarker results showed no robust differences between treatment arms, suggesting no major therapeutic effects are to be expected in UC. The limitations of this study are its small sample size and indirect assessment of the effect on IL-1β in tissue. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN16847938.
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Niechcial A, Schwarzfischer M, Wawrzyniak M, Atrott K, Laimbacher A, Morsy Y, Katkeviciute E, Häfliger J, Westermann P, Akdis CA, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Spermidine Ameliorates Colitis via Induction of Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages and Prevention of Intestinal Dysbiosis. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1489-1503. [PMID: 36995738 PMCID: PMC10588784 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exacerbated immune activation, intestinal dysbiosis and a disrupted intestinal barrier are common features among inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. The polyamine spermidine, which is naturally present in all living organisms, is an integral component of the human diet, and exerts beneficial effects in human diseases. Here, we investigated whether spermidine treatment ameliorates intestinal inflammation and offers therapeutic potential for IBD treatment. METHODS We assessed the effect of oral spermidine administration on colitis severity in the T cell transfer colitis model in Rag2-/- mice by endoscopy, histology and analysis of markers of molecular inflammation. The effects on the intestinal microbiome were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing of mouse faeces. The impact on intestinal barrier integrity was evaluated in co-cultures of patient-derived macrophages with intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS Spermidine administration protected mice from intestinal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. While T helper cell subsets remained unaffected, spermidine promoted anti-inflammatory macrophages and prevented the microbiome shift from Firmicutes and Bacteroides to Proteobacteria, maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Consistent with spermidine as a potent activator of the anti-inflammatory molecule protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 [PTPN2], its colitis-protective effect was dependent on PTPN2 in intestinal epithelial cells and in myeloid cells. The loss of PTPN2 in epithelial and myeloid cells, but not in T cells, abrogated the barrier-protective, anti-inflammatory effect of spermidine and prevented the anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSION Spermidine reduces intestinal inflammation by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophages, maintaining a healthy microbiome and preserving epithelial barrier integrity in a PTPN2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Laimbacher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Häfliger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Westermann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Yadav S, Shah D, Dalai P, Agrawal-Rajput R. The tale of antibiotics beyond antimicrobials: Expanding horizons. Cytokine 2023; 169:156285. [PMID: 37393846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics had proved to be a godsend for mankind since their discovery. They were once the magical solution to the vexing problem of infection-related deaths. German scientist Paul Ehrlich had termed salvarsan as the silver bullet to treatsyphilis.As time passed, the magic of newly discovered silver bullets got tarnished with raging antibiotic resistance among bacteria and associated side-effects. Still, antibiotics remain the primary line of treatment for bacterial infections. Our understanding of their chemical and biological activities has increased immensely with advancement in the research field. Non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics are studied extensively to optimise their safer, broad-range use. These non-antibacterial effects could be both useful and harmful to us. Various researchers across the globe including our lab are studying the direct/indirect effects and molecular mechanisms behind these non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics. So, it is interesting for us to sum up the available literature. In this review, we have briefed the possible reason behind the non-antibacterial effects of antibiotics, owing to the endosymbiotic origin of host mitochondria. We further discuss the physiological and immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics. We then extend the review to discuss molecular mechanisms behind the plausible use of antibiotics as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhruvi Shah
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Parmeswar Dalai
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India.
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11
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Liu J, Cai J, Fan P, Dong X, Zhang N, Tai J, Cao Y. Salidroside alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:7506-7519. [PMID: 37504971 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01929b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis causes continuous progress of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, we aim to explore whether Salidroside (Sal), which is a major glycoside extracted from Rhodiola rosea L., could ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by modulating the microbiota. Results showed that oral treatment with 15 mg kg-1 of Sal inhibited DSS-induced colitis in mice as evidenced by colon length, histological analysis, disease activity index (DAI) score, and the proportion and number of macrophages in the intestine. The gut microbiota of colitic mice was also partly restored by Sal. A fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) study was designed to verify the causality. Compared with DSS-treated mice, FM from the Sal-treated donor mice significantly mitigated the symptoms of colitic mice, including reducing the DAI score, alleviating tissue damage, boosting the expression of mucin protein (mucin-2) and tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and decreasing M1 macrophages in the gut. It was found that both Sal and FMT affected the structure and abundance of the gut microbiota as reflected by the decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter, Alistipes, Romboutsia and the increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of Sal disappeared when the gut microbiota was depleted by antibiotics, demonstrating that Sal alleviated the intestinal inflammation in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Thus, Sal could be a remarkable candidate as a functional food for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapei Cai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiandong Tai
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
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12
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Souza RF, Caetano MAF, Magalhães HIR, Castelucci P. Study of tumor necrosis factor receptor in the inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2733-2746. [PMID: 37274062 PMCID: PMC10237104 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i18.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are part of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and have pathophysiological processes such as bowel necrosis and enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. In addition, the main inflammatory mediator is related to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is a me-diator of the intestinal inflammatory processes, thus being one of the main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, however, its levels, when measured, are present in the serum of patients with IBD. In addition, TNF-α plays an important role in promoting inflammation, such as the production of interleukins (IL), for instance IL-1β and IL-6. There are two receptors for TNF as following: The tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor (TNFR1); and the tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor (TNFR2). They are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and their receptors have been detected in IBD and their expression is correlated with disease activity. The soluble TNF form binds to the TNFR1 receptor with, and its activation results in a signaling cascade effects such as apoptosis, cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. In contrast, the transmembrane TNF form can bind both to TNFR1 and TNFR2. Recent studies have suggested that TNF-α is one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, since TNF levels are present in the serum of both patients with UC and CD. Intravenous and subcutaneous biologics targeting TNF-α have revolutionized the treatment of IBD, thus becoming the best available agents to induce and maintain IBD remission. The application of antibodies aimed at neutralizing TNF-α in patients with IBD that induce a satisfactory clinical response in up to 60% of patients, and also induced long-term maintenance of disease remission in most patients. It has been suggested that anti-TNF-α agents inactivate the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by direct neutralization, i.e., resulting in suppression of inflammation. However, anti-TNF-α antibodies perform more complex functions than a simple blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Figueiroa Souza
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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13
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Özkoç M, Can B, Şentürk H, Burukoğlu Dönmez D, Kanbak G. Possible Curative Effects of Boric Acid and Bacillus clausii Treatments on TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1237-1251. [PMID: 35349007 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although there are several treatment options available to improve the symptoms of IBD patients, there is no effective treatment that provides a definitive solution. In the present study, we aim to investigate the antioxidative/anti-inflammatory effects of oral administration of boric acid and Bacillus clausii in a rat trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. The effects of boric acid and B. clausii were examined in serum and colon tissues with the help of some biochemical and histological analyses. Elevated inflammation and oxidative damage were found in the blood and colon tissue samples in the TNBS-induced group according to the complete blood count (CBC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin-35 (IL-35), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and histological findings. Particularly, the highest IL-35 level (70.09 ± 12.62 ng/mL) in the combined treatment group, highest catalase activity (5322 ± 668.1 U/mg protein) in the TNBS-induced group, and lower relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the TNBS-induced group than the control group were striking findings. According to our results, it can be concluded that boric acid showed more curative effects, even if B. clausii probiotics was partially ameliorative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Özkoç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus.
| | - Betül Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Şentürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Güngör Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Kotla NG, Rochev Y. IBD disease-modifying therapies: insights from emerging therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:241-253. [PMID: 36720660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis is associated with gut mucosal inflammation, epithelial damage, and dysbiosis leading to a dysregulated gut mucosal barrier. However, the extent and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Current treatment regimens have focused mainly on treating IBD symptoms; however, such treatment strategies do not address mucosal epithelial repair, barrier homeostasis, or intestinal dysbiosis. Although attempts have been made to identify new therapeutic modalities to enhance gut barrier functions, these are at an early developmental stage and have not been wholly successful. We review conventional therapies, the possible relevant role of gut barrier-protecting agents, and biomaterial strategies relating to combination therapies that may pave the way towards developing new therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan G Kotla
- CÚRAM, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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15
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Novichkova E, Nayak S, Boussiba S, Gopas J, Zilberg D, Khozin-Goldberg I. Dietary Application of the Microalga Lobosphaera incisa P127 Reduces Severity of Intestinal Inflammation, Modulates Gut-Associated Gene Expression, and Microbiome in the Zebrafish Model of IBD. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200253. [PMID: 36683256 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Microalgae are an emerging nutritional resource of biomolecules with potential to alleviate gut inflammation. The study explores the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of the microalga Lobosphaera incisa P127, which accumulates a rare omega-6 LC-PUFA dihomo-ɣ-linolenic acid (DGLA) under nitrogen starvation. The therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with P127 is investigated in the zebrafish model of IBD (TNBS-induced colitis). METHODS AND RESULTS Guts are sampled from zebrafish fed experimental diets for 4 weeks, before and 24 h after TNBS challenge. Diets containing 15% non-starved (Ns) and 7.5% and 15% N-starved (St) algal biomass significantly attenuate the severity of gut injury and goblet cell depletion. In contrast, diets containing 7.5% Ns and DGLA ethyl ester have no effect on gut condition. Fish fed 15% St, high-DGLA biomass, have the fewest individuals with pathological alterations in the gut. Dietary inclusion of Ns and St distinctly modulates gut-associated expression of the immune and inflammatory genes. Fish fed 15% Ns biomass display a coordinated boost in immune gene expression and show major changes in the gut microbiome prior challenge. CONCLUSION Dietary inclusion of L. incisa biomass at two physiological states, ameliorates TNBS-induced gut inflammation, suggesting the synergistic beneficial effects of biomass components not limited to DGLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Novichkova
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Sagar Nayak
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
- The Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jacob Gopas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8400501, Israel
| | - Dina Zilberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
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16
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Combination Therapy with Indigo and Indirubin for Ulcerative Colitis via Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2894695. [PMID: 36825081 PMCID: PMC9943625 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2894695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Indigo and indirubin, the active molecules of traditional Chinese medicine indigo naturalis, exert therapeutic activity for ulcerative colitis (UC). Indigo and indirubin are isomers and have distinctive profiles in anti-inflammation, immune regulation, intestinal microbiota regulation, oxidative stress regulation, and intestinal mucosal repair for UC treatment. Thus, exploring its combined administration's integrated advantages for UC is critical. This study is aimed at clarifying the effect and mechanisms of the combined administration of indigo and indirubin on colitis mouse models. The results showed that all the treatment groups could improve the disease symptoms, and the combined administration showed the best effect. Additionally, compared with indigo and indirubin alone, the combination group could significantly reinforce intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of E-cadherin, occludin, ZO-1, and MUC2 and improving intestinal permeability. The treatment groups significantly improved the expression of cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-23, and IL-17A, and indirubin presented the most potent anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, all the treatment groups reduced the infiltration of the immune cells in intestinal lamina propria and the production of ROS/RNS. Notably, indigo exhibited a more substantial capacity to regulate natural killer (NK) cells, ILC3, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, followed by the combination group and indirubin alone. Finally, all the treatment groups modulated intestinal microbiota composition, increased the proportion of beneficial microbiota, and decreased the proportion of microbiota. Our results indicated that indigo and indirubin synergistically reinforced the intestinal barrier function, which may be associated with integrating the indirubin anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota regulating strength and indigo immune and ROS/RNS regulation advantage.
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17
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Xue Z, Li R, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhang T, Zhang M, Yang Y, Chen H. Preventive and synbiotic effects of the soluble dietary fiber obtained from Lentinula edodes byproducts and Lactobacillus plantarum LP90 against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:616-626. [PMID: 36054505 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) obtained from Lentinula edodes byproducts has beneficial effects on human intestinal health. This study aimed to examine the combined preventive and ameliorative effects of a kind of synbiotic (SDF with a molecular weight of 1.58 × 102 kDa and Lactobacillus plantarum LP90 (LP) at 1 × 109 CFU kg-1 ) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. RESULTS The results demonstrated that synbiotic treatment could alleviate weight loss, decrease the disease activity index level and cause histological amelioration. Synbiotic treatment also promoted the production of goblet cells, increased the expression of tight junction proteins, and adjusted the production of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase to repair intestinal epithelial injury. Clinical symptoms were alleviated by maintaining Th17/Treg balance, increasing interleukin 10 and immunoglobulin A levels, reducing interleukin 17a and tumor necrosis factor α production, and promoting mRNA to highly express of Foxp3 and vitamin D receptors. Moreover, synbiotic treatment could upregulate butyric acid production (4.71 ± 0.46 mol g-1 feces, P < 0.05) and diversity of intestinal microbial to maintain intestinal homeostasis. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the combination of LP and SDF as a synbiotic has the potential for use as a nutritional supplement to alleviate colitis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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Structural characterization of peach gum polysaccharide and its effects on the regulation of DSS-induced acute colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1224-1234. [PMID: 36427612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure and the effect of polysaccharide from peach gum (DPG2) on ameliorating DSS-induced acute colitis in mice were investigated in the present study. The results showed that DPG2 was identified as an AG II arabinogalactan with the backbone of β-D-(1 → 6)-galactan, which consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 4.64:1.02:2.61:39.82:3.89:48.02. Moreover, DPG2 behaved as a flexible chain conformation with a coil-like structure with a molecular weight (Mw) of 5.21 × 105 g/mol. Furthermore, the worm-like chain model parameters for DPG2 were estimated as follows: ML = 379 nm-1, q = 0.74 nm and d = 0.82 nm. The results of the animal assay showed that the intake of DPG2 not only effectively improved the phenotypes of DSS-induced colitis in mice, but also significantly improved the oxidative stress status of mice, such as regulating NO content and T-SOD and MPO levels and repairing oxidative damage to the colonic mucosa. Moreover, DPG2 improved the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. Therefore, these results suggested that peach gum polysaccharide showed protective effects against colitis, and has great potential for the application of functional components in the food industry.
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19
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Infantino C, Francavilla R, Vella A, Cenni S, Principi N, Strisciuglio C, Esposito S. Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235154. [PMID: 36501183 PMCID: PMC9735899 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is a pro-hormone that has long been known as a key regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone health in both children and adults. In recent years, studies have shown that VD may exert many extra-skeletal functions, mainly through a relevant modulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. This has suggested that VD could play a fundamental role in conditioning development, clinical course, and treatment of several autoimmune disorders, including celiac disease (CD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The main aim of this review is to evaluate the relationships between VD, CD, and IBDs. Literature analysis showed a potential impact of VD on CD and IBDs can be reasonably assumed based on the well-documented in vitro and in vivo VD activities on the gastrointestinal tract and the immune system. The evidence that VD can preserve intestinal mucosa from chemical and immunological damage and that VD modulation of the immune system functions can contrast the mechanisms that lead to the intestinal modifications characteristic of gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases has suggested that VD could play a role in controlling both the development and the course of CD and IBDs. Administration of VD in already diagnosed CD and IBD cases has not always significantly modified disease course. However, despite these relevant problems, most of the experts recommend monitoring of VD levels in patients with CD and IBDs and administration of supplements in patients with hypovitaminosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Infantino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Francavilla
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Vella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-704-790
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20
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Yoo HK, Byun HG, Caprioli F, Fumery M, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Sreedhar S, Potter J, Jang M. Budget impact analysis of the subcutaneous infliximab (CT-P13 SC) for treating inflammatory bowel disease in the Big-5 European (E5) countries. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1319. [PMCID: PMC9636776 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2020, the European Medicines Agency approved infliximab subcutaneous (SC) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. This new mode of infliximab administration will reduce outpatient visits and costs of intravenous (IV) administration. This article describes a budget impact analysis of introducing infliximab SC to the Big-5 European (E5) market (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and UK) for 5 years, from the healthcare payer’s perspective. Methods A prevalence-based budget impact model was developed to examine the financial impact of infliximab SC. “World with” versus “world without” infliximab SC scenarios were compared, including the potential administration costs of IV administration. Results Introducing infliximab SC in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) for 5 years resulted in cost savings of €42.0 million in the UK, €59.4 million in Germany, and €46.4 million in France and Italy, but increased budget expenditure in Spain by €3.8 million. For ulcerative colitis (UC), cost savings of €42.7 million in the UK, €44.9 million in Germany, €44.3 million in France, and €53.0 million in Italy occurred, but with no savings in Spain for 5 years. Cost-savings per patient was calculated by diving the net budget saving by number of treatment eligible patients. Maximum and minimum saving per patient per year ranged between €38.25 and €575.74 in CD, both from Germany, and €105.06 (France) and €647.25 (Germany) in UC. Conclusion Healthcare payers in the UK, Germany, France, and Italy, but not in Spain, will make budget savings by using infliximab SC for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08683-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyeong Yoo
- Celltrion Healthcare, 19, Academy-ro 51, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Han Geul Byun
- Celltrion Healthcare, 19, Academy-ro 51, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy ,grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathurin Fumery
- grid.134996.00000 0004 0593 702XService Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- grid.410527.50000 0004 1765 1301Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Subramanian Sreedhar
- grid.513149.bDepartment of Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK ,grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Minyoung Jang
- Celltrion Healthcare, 19, Academy-ro 51, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
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21
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Taladrid D, Zorraquín‐Peña I, Molinero N, Silva M, Manceñido N, Pajares R, Bartolomé B, Moreno‐Arribas MV. Polyphenols and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Red Wine Consumption on Gut and Oral Microbiome in Active-Phase Patients. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101073. [PMID: 35633101 PMCID: PMC9787944 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This paper explores the effects of moderate red wine consumption on the clinical status and symptomatology of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), including the study of the oral and intestinal microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS A case control intervention study in UC patients is designed. Intervention patients (n = 5) consume red wine (250 mL day-1 ) for 4 weeks whereas control patients (n = 5) do not. Moderate wine consumption significantly (p < 0.05) improves some clinical parameters related to serum iron, and alleviates intestinal symptoms as evaluated by the IBDQ-32 questionnaire. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicate a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in bacterial alpha diversity after wine intervention in both saliva and fecal microbiota. Additional comparison of taxonomic data between UC patients (n = 10) and healthy subjects (n = 8) confirm intestinal dysbiosis for the UC patients. Finally, analysis of fecal metabolites (i.e., phenolic acids and SCFAs) indicates a non-significant increase (p > 0.05) for the UC patients that consumed wine. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and regular red wine intake seems to improve the clinical status and symptoms of UC patients in the active phase of the disease. However, studies with a greater sample size are required to achieve conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Taladrid
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9Madrid28049Spain
| | - Irene Zorraquín‐Peña
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9Madrid28049Spain
| | - Natalia Molinero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9Madrid28049Spain
| | - Mariana Silva
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9Madrid28049Spain
| | - Noemi Manceñido
- Hospital Universitario “Infanta Sofia”, P.° de Europa34, 28703 San Sebastián de los ReyesMadridSpain
| | - Ramón Pajares
- Hospital Universitario “Infanta Sofia”, P.° de Europa34, 28703 San Sebastián de los ReyesMadridSpain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera 9Madrid28049Spain
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22
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Wen Y, Zhang W, Yang R, Jiang L, Zhang X, Wang B, Hua Y, Ji P, Yuan Z, Wei Y, Yao W. Regulation of Yujin Powder alcoholic extracts on ILC3s-TD IgA-colonic mucosal flora axis of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1039884. [PMID: 36338041 PMCID: PMC9633017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal flora maintained by the immune system plays an important role in healthy colon. However, the role of ILC3s-TD IgA-colonic mucosal flora axis in ulcerative colitis (UC) and whether it could become an innovative pathway for the treatment of UC is unknown. Yujin Powder is a classic prescription for treatment of dampness-heat type intestine disease in traditional Chinese medicine and has therapeutic effects on UC. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Yujin Powder alcoholic extracts (YJP-A) on UC via ILC3s-TD IgA-colonic mucosal flora axis. The UC mouse model was induced by drinking 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), meanwhile, YJP-A was given orally for prevention. During the experiment, the clinical symptoms of mice were recorded. Then the intestinal injury and inflammatory response of mice about UC were detected after the experiment. In addition, the relevant indicators of ILC3s-TD IgA-colonic mucosal flora axis were detected. The results showed that YJP-A had good therapy effects on DSS-induced mice UC: improved the symptoms, increased body weight and the length of colon, decreased the disease activity index score, ameliorated the intestinal injury, and reduced the inflammation etc. Also, YJP-A significantly increased the ILC3s proportion and the expression level of MHC II; significantly decreased the proportion of Tfh cells and B cells and the expression levels of Bcl6, IL-4, Aicda in mesenteric lymph nodes of colon in UC mice and IgA in colon. In addition, by 16S rDNA sequencing, YJP-A could restore TD IgA targets colonic mucus flora in UC mice by decreasing the relative abundance of Mucispirillum, Lachnospiraceae and increasing the relative abundance of Allprevotella, Alistipes, and Ruminococcaceae etc. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the ILC3s-TD IgA-colonic mucosal flora axis was disordered in UC mice. YJP-A could significantly promote the proliferation of ILC3s to inhibit Tfh responses and B cells class switching through MHC II, further to limit TD IgA responses toward colonic mucosal flora. Our findings suggested that this axis may be a novel and promising strategy to prevent UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiao Wen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lidong Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongli Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanming Wei; Wanling Yao,
| | - Wanling Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanming Wei; Wanling Yao,
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23
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Jia X, Li Z, Guo Y, Ma H, Wang J, Xue Y, Li B, Cai Y, Yang Q. The potential mechanism of huazhuojiedu decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033874. [PMID: 36313293 PMCID: PMC9614068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huazhuojiedu decoction (HZJDD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been clinically proven to be an effective treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism of HZJDD in the treatment of UC remains unclear. This study combined network pharmacology with experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of HZJDD on UC. First, the relationship network diagrams between HZJDD and UC were established based on multiple databases. Then, the HZJDD-UC intersection genes target network was constructed and Gene Ontology-Biological processes (GO-BP) analysis was performed to discover the potential pharmacological mechanism. Finally, the results of GO-BP were verified in dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced UC rats. The network pharmacology results showed that 119 active components and 146 potential targets were screened for HZJDD, and six of the top 15 biological processes belonged to inflammatory response, cellular response to hypoxia, and cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The GO-BP results indicated that the mechanism of HZJDD treatment of UC was related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the regulation of LPS. Animal experiments showed that HZJDD could significantly reduce the disease activity index (DAI) score, improve colon length, and effectively repair the histomorphological and micromorphological changes in DSS-induced UC rats. Moreover, HZJDD reduced the expressions of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS, IL-1β, and IL-18; downregulated the activity of MDA; and upregulated the activities of CAT, GSH, and SOD in DSS-induced UC rats. Furthermore, HZJDD suppressed the expression of the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway at the gene and protein levels to inhibit pyroptosis. Network pharmacology and animal experiments showed that HZJDD exerted a therapeutic effect on DSS-induced UC rats by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and restraining the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway to inhibit pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ze Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yucong Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bolin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanru Cai, ; Qian Yang,
| | - Qian Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanru Cai, ; Qian Yang,
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24
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Jou E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, McKenzie ANJ. Emerging roles for IL-25 and IL-33 in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981479. [PMID: 36263033 PMCID: PMC9573978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic interventions. The lack of efficacy of existing cancer immunotherapies in CRC reflects the complex nature of the unique intestinal immune environment, which serves to maintain barrier integrity against pathogens and harmful environmental stimuli while sustaining host-microbe symbiosis during homeostasis. With their expression by barrier epithelial cells, the cytokines interleukin-25 (IL-25) and IL-33 play key roles in intestinal immune responses, and have been associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases and cancer pathology. Studies in the past decade have begun to uncover the important roles of IL-25 and IL-33 in shaping the CRC tumour immune microenvironment, where they may promote or inhibit tumorigenesis depending on the specific CRC subtype. Notably, both IL-25 and IL-33 have been shown to act on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but can also stimulate an array of other innate and adaptive immune cell types. Though sometimes their functions can overlap they can also produce distinct phenotypes dependent on the differential distribution of their receptor expression. Furthermore, both IL-25 and IL-33 modulate pathways previously known to contribute to CRC tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, tumour stemness, invasion and metastasis. Here, we review our current understanding of IL-25 and IL-33 in CRC tumorigenesis, with specific focus on dissecting their individual function in the context of distinct subtypes of CRC, and the potential prospects for targeting these pathways in CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Peptides, Exopolysaccharides, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermented Milk and Perspectives on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4654-4665. [PMID: 35133532 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes and an imbalanced immune response along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Pharmacological treatments have been widely used, although their long-term application has adverse side effects. On the other hand, milks fermented with specific lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to be useful as alternative or complementary aids. Many metabolites such as peptides, exopolysaccharides, and short-chain fatty acids are produced during milk fermentation. These components have been shown to change the pH of the gastrointestinal lumen, aid intestine mucosal recovery, modulate the microbiota, and reduce the inflammatory response (innate and adaptive immune system), both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to describe how these bioactive compounds from fermented milk by specific LAB can decrease the deleterious symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.
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26
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Kautzman AM, Mobulakani JMF, Marrero Cofino G, Quenum AJI, Cayarga AA, Asselin C, Fortier LC, Ilangumaran S, Menendez A, Ramanathan S. Interleukin 15 in murine models of colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1111-1130. [PMID: 35899872 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by abnormal, non-antigen specific chronic inflammation of unknown etiology. Genome-wide association studies show that many IBD genetic susceptibility loci map to immune function genes and compelling evidence indicate that environmental factors play a critical role in IBD pathogenesis. Clinical and experimental evidence implicate the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 in the pathogenesis of IBD. IL-15 and IL-15α expression is increased in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients. IL-15 contributes to the maintenance of different cell subsets in the intestinal mucosa. However, very few studies have addressed the role of IL-15 in pre-clinical models of colitis. In this study, we use three well-characterized models of experimental colitis to determine the contribution of IL-15 to pathological intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Molina Kautzman
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Gisela Marrero Cofino
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anny Armas Cayarga
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Asselin
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Fortier
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Cao J, Chen M, Xu R, Guo M. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Berberine to Improve the Intestinal Barrier Function via Modulating Gut Microbiota, TLR4/NF-κ B/MTORC Pathway and Autophagy in Cats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961885. [PMID: 35935245 PMCID: PMC9354406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disease that seriously harms human and animal health, has attracted many researchers’ attention because of its complexity and difficulty in treatment. Most research has involved rats and dogs, and very little was cats. We should know that gut microbiota varies significantly from animal to animal. Traditional Chinese Medicine and its monomer component have many advantages compared with antibiotics used in pet clinics. Numerous studies have shown berberine (berberine hydrochloride) therapeutic value for IBD. However, the specific mechanism remains to consider. Results We assessed gut pathology and analyzed fecal bacterial composition using Histological staining and 16S rRNA sequence. Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) administration destroyed intestinal mucosal structure and changed the diversity of intestinal flora relative to control. RT-PCR and western blot confirmed specific molecular mechanisms that trigger acute inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier function disruption after DSS treatment. And autophagy inhibition is typical pathogenesis of IBD. Interestingly, berberine ameliorates inflammation during the development of the intestinal by modulating the toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway and activating autophagy. Berberine significantly reduces tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β expression in cats’ serum. Enhancing the antioxidant effect of IBD cats is one of the protective mechanisms of berberine. We demonstrated that berberine repairs intestinal barrier function by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex (MTORC), which inhibits autophagy. Conclusion Berberine can restore intestinal microbiota homeostasis and regulate the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby controlling inflammatory responses. We propose a novel mechanism of berberine therapy for IBD, namely, berberine therapy can simultaneously activate MTORC and autophagy to restore intestinal mucosal barrier function in cats, which should be further studied to shed light on berberine to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingWen Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - MiaoYu Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - MengYao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: MengYao Guo,
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Patel D, Martin S, Luo M, Ursos L, Lirio RA, Kamble P, Wang S. Real-World Effectiveness of Vedolizumab Dose Escalation in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Literature Review. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2022; 4:otac020. [PMID: 36777427 PMCID: PMC9802433 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vedolizumab is a gut-selective anti-lymphocyte trafficking agent approved for the treatment of moderate to severely active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]). Methods A systematic literature review (SLR) of real-world studies was conducted to assess the effectiveness of dose escalation of vedolizumab every 8 weeks (Q8W) during maintenance treatment to achieve a response in patients who were either vedolizumab responders experiencing secondary loss of response (SLOR) or non-responders. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from January 2014 to August 2021. Results Screening of SLR outputs identified 72 relevant real-world study publications featuring dose escalation of vedolizumab maintenance therapy. After qualitative review, ten eligible studies (9 articles, 1 abstract) were identified as reporting clinical response and/or clinical remission rates following escalation of intravenous vedolizumab 300 mg Q8W maintenance dosing to every 4 weeks (Q4W) maintenance dosing in adult patients with UC/CD (≥10 patients per study). Overall, 196/395 (49.6%) patients with IBD had a response within 54 weeks of vedolizumab maintenance dose escalation. Although definitions for clinical response/remission varied across the 10 studies, clinical response rates after escalated vedolizumab Q8W maintenance dosing ranged from 40.0% to 73.3% (9 studies) and from 30.0% to 55.8% for remission (4 studies) over a range of 8 to <58 weeks' follow-up. Conclusions This synthesis of real-world effectiveness data in vedolizumab-treated patients with IBD indicates that approximately half were able to achieve or recapture clinical response after escalating vedolizumab maintenance dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pravin Kamble
- Address correspondence to: Pravin Kamble, PhD, Global Evidence & Outcomes—Gastroenterology, Data Science Institute, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ()
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Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Alvarez-Mon MA, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Immune-Mediated Diseases from the Point of View of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070973. [PMID: 36101354 PMCID: PMC9312038 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are growing in prevalence and relevance in our society, entailing notable consequences for the individual and healthcare systems. These medical conditions are associated with a systemic inflammatory milieu and an aberrant functioning of the immune system, establishing a bidirectional interplay with other organs and systems of the body. Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE) is an area of great interest relating the immune system with the individual’s psyche, nervous, and endocrine system. As compelling evidence supports the pivotal role of PNIE in the understanding and clinical management of IMIDs, the aim of the present review is to deepen the current basic and clinical knowledge in this field. Abstract Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) represent a large group of diseases (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis) evidenced by systemic inflammation and multiorgan involvement. IMIDs result in a reduced quality of life and an economic burden for individuals, health care systems, and countries. In this brief descriptive review, we will focus on some of the common biological pathways of these diseases from the point of view of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE). PNIE consists of four medical disciplines (psychology, nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system), which are key drivers behind the health–disease concept that a human being functions as a unit. We examine these drivers and emphasize the need for integrative treatments that addresses the disease from a psychosomatic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Maria Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBERSAM), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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de Oliveira JAGT, Neves MD, Sampaio GFS, Constantino CJL, Nakagaki WR. Analysis of the effects of turmeric and symbiotic consumption on bones of rats submitted to the use of dexamethasone. Life Sci 2022; 304:120690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu Y, Huang W, Ji S, Wang J, Luo J, Lu B. Sophora japonica flowers and their main phytochemical, rutin, regulate chemically induced murine colitis in association with targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota. Food Chem 2022; 393:133395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nguepi Tsopmejio IS, Ding M, Wei J, Zhao C, Jiang Y, Li Y, Song H. Auricularia polytricha and Flammulina velutipes ameliorate inflammation and modulate the gut microbiota via regulation of NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways on DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yan Y, Xing C, Xiao Y, Shen X, Zhang Z, He C, Shi JB, Liu M, Liu X. Discovery and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation of a Novel CDK8 Inhibitor through Upregulation of IL-10 for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Vivo. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7334-7362. [PMID: 35536548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) level is a promising strategy to suppress the progression of pathogenic inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) inhibition can upregulate IL-10 abundance in activated myeloid-derived dendritic cells, it is considered to be an effective target for IBD treatment. Here, the complete discovery process of a novel CDK8 inhibitor as an anti-inflammatory agent was described. Starting with wogonin, structure-based optimization and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study were comprehensively carried out, and then lead compound 85 (N-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-(4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)nicotinamide) was developed as a potent druglike CDK8 inhibitor upregulating IL-10 both in vivo and in vitro. Also, compound 85 (with CDK8 IC50 = 56 nM, IL-10 enhancement rate 88%) exhibited effective anti-inflammatory activity in an animal model of IBD. These results confirmed that certain CDK8 inhibitor could be used as an effective anti-IBD drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yun Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
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Beneficial effects of dietary capsaicin in gastrointestinal health and disease. Exp Cell Res 2022; 417:113227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bastaki SMA, Amir N, Adeghate E, Ojha S. Lycopodium Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Colonic Mucosa of Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092774. [PMID: 35566122 PMCID: PMC9102450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are diseases of the gastrointestinal system involving genetic and environmental factors attributed to oxidative stress and inflammation. Targeting oxidative stress and inflammation by novel dietary compounds of natural origin convincingly appears to be one of the important therapeutic strategies to keep the disease in remission. As there is no permanent cure for IBD except for chronic long-term treatment or surgery, it is therefore imperative to investigate plant-based agents that are receiving attention for their therapeutic benefits to overcome the debilitating clinical conditions of IBD. Lycopodium (LYCO), a plant of tropical and subtropical origin and known by numerous names such as ground pine, club moss, or devil’s claw, has been popularly used for centuries in traditional medicine including Chinese and Indian medicines. In the present study, the effect of LYCO has been investigated in an acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis model in Wistar rats. LYCO was orally administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day either 3 days before or 30 min after the induction of IBD and continued for 7 days by intrarectal administration of AA. The changes in body weight and macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the colon of rats of different experimental groups were observed on days 0, 2, 4, and 7. The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. AA caused a significant reduction in body weight and increased macroscopic and microscopic ulcer scores along with a significant decline in antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase and antioxidant substrate, glutathione (GSH). There was a concomitant increased formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, and raised myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, a marker of neutrophil activation. Treatment with LYCO significantly improved IBD-induced reduction in body weight, improved histology, inhibited MDA formation, and restored antioxidants along with reduced MPO activity. AA also caused the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-23 (IL-23). Furthermore, AA also increased the levels of calprotectin, a protein released by neutrophils under inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. LYCO treatment significantly reduced the release of calprotectin and proinflammatory cytokines. The results demonstrate that LYCO treatment has the potential to improve disease activity by inhibiting oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation along with histological preservation of colonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim M. A. Bastaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Naheed Amir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (S.O.)
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (S.O.)
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Henry C, Bassignani A, Berland M, Langella O, Sokol H, Juste C. Modern Metaproteomics: A Unique Tool to Characterize the Active Microbiome in Health and Diseases, and Pave the Road towards New Biomarkers—Example of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Flare-Ups. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081340. [PMID: 35456018 PMCID: PMC9028112 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the latest developments in mass spectrometry, software and standards, metaproteomics is emerging as the vital complement of metagenomics, to make headway in understanding the actual functioning of living and active microbial communities. Modern metaproteomics offers new possibilities in the area of clinical diagnosis. This is illustrated here, for the still highly challenging diagnosis of intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs). Using bottom-up proteomics, we analyzed the gut metaproteomes of the same twenty faecal specimens processed either fresh or after a two-month freezing period. We focused on metaproteomes of microbial cell envelopes since it is an outstanding way of capturing host and host–microbe interaction signals. The protein profiles of pairs of fresh and frozen-thawed samples were closely related, making feasible deferred analysis in a distant diagnosis centre. The taxonomic and functional landscape of microbes in diverse IBD phenotypes—active ulcerative colitis, or active Crohn’s disease either with ileo-colonic or exclusive colonic localization—differed from each other and from the controls. Based on their specific peptides, we could identify proteins that were either strictly overrepresented or underrepresented in all samples of one clinical group compared to all samples of another group, paving the road for promising additional diagnostic tool for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Henry
- PAPPSO, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.H.); (A.B.)
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Ariane Bassignani
- PAPPSO, Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (C.H.); (A.B.)
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- MGP, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Magali Berland
- MGP, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Olivier Langella
- PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, AgroParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Harry Sokol
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- Gastroenterology Department, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Service de Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation (DRCI) de l’AP-HP, CEDEX 12, 75571 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Juste
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-67-72-82-035
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Liu E, Aslam N, Nigam G, Limdi JK. Tofacitinib and newer JAK inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease-where we are and where we are going. Drugs Context 2022; 11:2021-11-4. [PMID: 35462642 PMCID: PMC9007061 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2021-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, are chronic, immune-mediated and progressive inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Tofacitinib is the first oral small-molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor licensed and approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for use in moderately-to-severely active UC after intolerance, inadequate response, or loss of response to conventional treatment or biologic therapy. The pivotal OCTAVE studies demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the induction and maintenance of remission in UC. A growing body of evidence from real-world data supports the positive clinical and endoscopic benefits observed with tofacitinib treatment in the OCTAVE trials. This narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding the mechanism of action of tofacitinib, data from registrational trials, emerging real-world evidence, and an overview of the most recent safety evidence. We explore evolving treatment paradigms, including the use of tofacitinib in the COVID-19 era, pregnancy and extraintestinal manifestations, as well as the emerging concept of combining tofacitinib with biological therapy. We will also present a brief overview of the next generation of JAK inhibitors in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Liu
- Section of IBD – Division of Gastroenterology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Nasar Aslam
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gaurav Nigam
- Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jimmy K Limdi
- Section of IBD – Division of Gastroenterology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Wan H, Chen XY, Zhang F, Chen J, Chu F, Sellers ZM, Xu F, Dong H. Capsaicin inhibits intestinal Cl - secretion and promotes Na + absorption by blocking TRPV4 channels in healthy and colitic mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101847. [PMID: 35314195 PMCID: PMC9035713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although capsaicin has been studied extensively as an activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid cation channel subtype 1 (TRPV1) channels in sensory neurons, little is known about its TRPV1-independent actions in gastrointestinal health and disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the pharmacological actions of capsaicin as a food additive and medication on intestinal ion transporters in mouse models of ulcerative colitis (UC). The short-circuit current (Isc) of the intestine from WT, TRPV1-, and TRPV4-KO mice were measured in Ussing chambers, and Ca2+ imaging was performed on small intestinal epithelial cells. We also performed Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence on intestinal epithelial cells and on intestinal tissues following UC induction with dextran sodium sulfate. We found that capsaicin did not affect basal intestinal Isc but significantly inhibited carbachol- and caffeine-induced intestinal Isc in WT mice. Capsaicin similarly inhibited the intestinal Isc in TRPV1 KO mice, but this inhibition was absent in TRPV4 KO mice. We also determined that Ca2+ influx via TRPV4 was required for cholinergic signaling–mediated intestinal anion secretion, which was inhibited by capsaicin. Moreover, the glucose-induced jejunal Iscvia Na+/glucose cotransporter was suppressed by TRPV4 activation, which could be relieved by capsaicin. Capsaicin also stimulated ouabain- and amiloride-sensitive colonic Isc. Finally, we found that dietary capsaicin ameliorated the UC phenotype, suppressed hyperaction of TRPV4 channels, and rescued the reduced ouabain- and amiloride-sensitive Isc. We therefore conclude that capsaicin inhibits intestinal Cl- secretion and promotes Na+ absorption predominantly by blocking TRPV4 channels to exert its beneficial anti-colitic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxing Wan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiong Ying Chen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Fenglan Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zachary M Sellers
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Baccharis dracunculifolia DC Hydroalcoholic Extract Improves Intestinal and Hippocampal Inflammation and Decreases Behavioral Changes of Colitis Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5833840. [PMID: 35295931 PMCID: PMC8920628 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5833840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hydroalcoholic extract of B. dracunculifolia (HEBD) and its major compound p-coumaric acid were evaluated against the severity of intestinal inflammation and behavioral changes like depressive and anxious behavior in colitis mice. Colitis was induced in Swiss mice by oral dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration for five days. The mice received vehicle (10 ml/kg), HEBD (3, 30, or 300 mg/kg), or p-coumaric acid (15 mg/kg) orally, once a day for twelve days. Behavioral tests were performed on the 11th and 12th days after the beginning of the treatments. Moreover, the colon, cortex, and hippocampus were collected to analyze oxidative and inflammatory parameters. The treatment with HEBD (300 mg/Kg), but not p-coumaric acid, showed decreased disease activity index (DAI) values compared to the vehicle group and partially preserved the villi architecture and mucin levels. Furthermore, the HEBD increased the antioxidant defenses in the colon and hippocampus and reduced the myeloperoxidase activity and IL-6 levels in the colon from colitis mice. Colitis mice treated with HEBD did not show depressive-like behavior in the tail suspension test. HEBD reduced colon inflammation, while it maintains antioxidant defenses and mucin levels in this tissue. It may reduce neuropsychiatric comorbidities associated with colitis through its antioxidant effects.
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Liu Y, Huang W, Zhu Y, Zhao T, Xiao F, Wang Y, Lu B. Acteoside, the Main Bioactive Compound in Osmanthus fragrans Flowers, Palliates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1148-1162. [PMID: 35073073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Osmanthus fragrans flowers and acteoside on murine colitis and the underlying mechanisms. The O. fragrans flower extract (OFE) and acteoside were administrated to chemically induced colitic mice. The results showed that OFE or acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in colitic mice. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in colitic mice was also partly restored by OFE or acteoside, which was characterized by the alteration of the gut microbiome structure and the enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut metabolome dysfunctions (e.g., sphingosine metabolism and amino acids metabolism) in colitic mice were also partly restored by OFE and acteoside. A fecal microbiota (FM) transplantation study suggested that, compared with the FM from the normal diet-dosed donor mice, the FM from the OFE- or acteoside-dosed donor mice significantly suppressed colitic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Economics & Trade, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Linagliptin ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis via modulating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 438:115906. [PMID: 35122774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, profoundly affecting the patient's quality of life and is associated with various complications. Linagliptin, a potent DPP- IV inhibitor, shows favorable anti-inflammatory effects in several animal model pathologies. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of linagliptin in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms behind this effect were addressed. Accordingly, colitis was established by the administration of a 2 ml 6% acetic acid intrarectally and treatment with linagliptin (5 mg/kg) started 24 h after colitis induction and continued for 7 days. On one hand, the DPP-IV inhibitor alleviated the severity of colitis as evidenced by a decrease of disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon weight/length ratio, macroscopic damage, and histopathological deteriorations. Additionally, linagliptin diminished colon inflammation via attenuation of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB p65 besides restoration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. On the other hand, linagliptin increased levels of p-AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α while abolishing the increment in p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In parallel linagliptin reduced mTOR levels and upregulated expression levels of SHP and MKP-1 which is postulated to mediate AMPK-driven JAK2/STAT3 inhibition. Based on these findings, linagliptin showed promising anti-inflammatory activity against acetic acid-induced colitis that is mainly attributed to the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway as well as suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway that might be partly mediated through AMPK activation.
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Di Tommaso N, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312836. [PMID: 34886561 PMCID: PMC8657205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their secretions. The gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity and function of the intestinal barrier in a homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics and food can disrupt the intestinal barrier, promoting systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Genetic and immune factors predispose individuals to gut barrier dysfunction, and changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota are central to this process. The progressive identification of these changes has led to the development of the concept of ‘leaky gut syndrome’ and ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie the relationship between intestinal barrier impairment, metabolic diseases and autoimmunity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this process is an intriguing subject of research for the diagnosis and treatment of various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Tommaso
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology—Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (N.D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology—Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (N.D.T.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology—Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (N.D.T.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3471227242
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Zhang L, Lu W, Lu C, Guo Y, Chen X, Chen J, Xu F, Wan H, Dong H. Beneficial effect of capsaicin via TRPV4/EDH signals on mesenteric arterioles of normal and colitis mice. J Adv Res 2021; 39:291-303. [PMID: 35777913 PMCID: PMC9263647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin induced vasorelaxation of human colonic submucosal arterioles in vitro and in vitro. Capsaicin induced an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of human submucosal arterioles. Capsaicin induced an endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse mesenteric arterioles. Capsaicin induced vasorelaxation minily by TRPV1-mediated endothelial nitric oxide release. Capsaicin induced vasorelaxation mainly by TRPV4/endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. Capsaicin exerted anti-colitis action in wide-type mice, but not in TRPV4 knock-out mice. Capsaicin rescued the impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation via TRPV4/EDH pathway.
Introduction Although capsaicin has long been used as food additive and medication worldwide, its actions on gastrointestinal tract as its most delivery pathway have not been well addressed. Objectives In the present study, we aimed to study GI actions of capsaicin on mesenteric arterioles in normal and colitis mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods Vasorelaxation of human submucosal arterioles and the mesenteric arterioles from wide-type (WT) mice, TRPV1−/− and TRPV4−/− (KO) mice were measured. The expression and function of TRPV channels in endothelial cells were examined by q-PCR, immunostaining, Ca2+ imaging and membrane potential measurements. Results Capsaicin dose-dependently induced vasorelaxation of human submucosal arterioles and mouse mesenteric arterioles in vitro and in vivo through endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin (PGI2). Using TRPV1 and TRPV4 KO mice, we found that capsaicin-induced vasorelaxation was predominately through TRPV4/EDH, but marginally through TRPV1/NO/PGI2. Capsaicin induced hyperpolarization through activation of endothelial TRPV4 channels and intermediate-conductance of Ca2+-activated K+ channels to finally stimulate vasorelaxation. Importantly, capsaicin exerted anti-colitis action by rescuing the impaired ACh-induced vasorelaxation in WT colitis mice but not in TRPV4 KO colitis mice. Conclusions Capsaicin increases intestinal mucosal blood perfusion to potentially prevent/treat colitis through a novel TRPV4/EDH-dependent vasorelaxation of submucosal arterioles in health and colitis. This study further supports our previous notion that TRPV4/EDH in mesenteric circulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of colitis.
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Fat of the Gut: Epithelial Phospholipids in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111682. [PMID: 34769112 PMCID: PMC8584226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
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Lv Q, Xing Y, Liu J, Dong D, Liu Y, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Hu L. Lonicerin targets EZH2 to alleviate ulcerative colitis by autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2880-2899. [PMID: 34589402 PMCID: PMC8463273 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic macrophages strongly associates with the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis. Although targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered to be a potential therapy, the underlying mechanism through which pathway the intestinal inflammation is modulated remains controversial. By focusing on the flavonoid lonicerin, one of the most abundant constituents existed in a long historical anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious herb Lonicera japonica Thunb., here we report its therapeutic effect on intestinal inflammation by binding directly to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) histone methyltransferase. EZH2-mediated modification of H3K27me3 promotes the expression of autophagy-related protein 5, which in turn leads to enhanced autophagy and accelerates autolysosome-mediated NLRP3 degradation. Mutations of EZH2 residues (His129 and Arg685) indicated by the dynamic simulation study have found to greatly diminish the protective effect of lonicerin. More importantly, in vivo studies verify that lonicerin dose-dependently disrupts the NLRP3–ASC–pro-caspase-1 complex assembly and alleviates colitis, which is compromised by administration of EZH2 overexpression plasmid. Thus, these findings together put forth the stage for further considering lonicerin as an anti-inflammatory epigenetic agent and suggesting EZH2/ATG5/NLRP3 axis may serve as a novel strategy to prevent ulcerative colitis as well as other inflammatory diseases.
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Key Words
- 3-MC, 3-methylcholanthrene
- 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid
- AIM2, absent in melanoma 2
- ATG5, autophagy-related protein 5
- ATG7, autophagy-related protein 7
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Autophagy
- BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CHX, cycloheximide
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Colitis
- DAI, disease activity index
- DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescent
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EZH2
- EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Lonicerin
- M-CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor
- MDP, muramyldipeptide
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- MSU, monosodium urate crystals
- NLRP3 inflammasome
- NLRP3, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2
- RMSD, root mean-square deviation
- RMSF, root mean-square fluctuation
- SIP, solvent-induced protein precipitation
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- UC, ulcerative colitis
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McLornan DP, Pope JE, Gotlib J, Harrison CN. Current and future status of JAK inhibitors. Lancet 2021; 398:803-816. [PMID: 34454676 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of the importance of Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling in multiple disease states has led to an increasing applicability of therapeutic intervention with JAK inhibitors. These agents have revolutionised treatments for a heterogeneous group of disorders, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple immune-driven dermatological diseases, exemplifying rapid bench-to-bedside translation. In this Therapeutics paper, we summarise the currently available data concerning the successes and safety of an array of JAK inhibitors and hypothesise on how these fields could develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal P McLornan
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janet E Pope
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire N Harrison
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Buchbender M, Fehlhofer J, Proff P, Möst T, Ries J, Hannig M, Neurath MF, Gund M, Atreya R, Kesting M. Expression of inflammatory mediators in biofilm samples and clinical association in inflammatory bowel disease patients-a preliminary study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1217-1228. [PMID: 34383142 PMCID: PMC8816497 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has multiple impacts on soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cytokines in biofilm samples from patients suffering from IBD and compare them to healthy patients. It was hypothesized that different cytokine expression levels and clinical associations might be drawn. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 56 biofilm samples from three different patient cohorts (group 0 = healthy, HC n = 30; group 1 = Crohn's disease, CD, n = 19; group 2 = ulcerative colitis, UC, n = 7) were examined for the expression levels of the cytokine interleukins IL-2, -6, and -10; matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9; and surface antigens CD90/CD11a by quantitative real-time PCR and according to clinical parameters (plaque index, BOP, PD, DMFT, CAL). Relative gene expression was determined using the ∆∆CT method. RESULTS The mean BOP values (p = 0.001) and PD (p = 0.000) were significantly higher in the CD group compared to controls. Expression of IL-10 was significantly higher in the CD (p = 0.004) and UC groups (p = 0.022). Expression of MMP-7 was significantly higher in the CD group (p = 0.032). IBD patients treated with TNF inhibitors (p = 0.007) or other immunosuppressants (p = 0.014) showed significant overexpression of IL-10 compared to controls. CONCLUSION Different expression levels of IL-10 and MMP-7 were detected in plaque samples from IBD patients. As only BOP was significantly increased, we conclude that no clinical impairment of periodontal tissue occurred in IBD patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE With the worldwide increasing incidence of IBD, it is important to obtain insights into the effects of the disease on the oral cavity. The study was registered (01.09.2020) at the German clinical trial registry (DRKS00022956). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at the German clinical trial registry (DRKS00022956).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Buchbender
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jakob Fehlhofer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Head of the Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Möst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Head of Department of Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Madline Gund
- Department of Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, Glückstrasse 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Maria-Ferreira D, Dallazen JL, Corso CR, Nascimento AM, Cipriani TR, da Silva Watanabe P, de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana D, Baggio CH, de Paula Werner MF. Rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress and alleviates visceral pain. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Park BO, Kang JS, Paudel S, Park SG, Park BC, Han SB, Kwak YS, Kim JH, Kim S. Novel GPR43 Agonists Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in a Colitis Model. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 30:48-54. [PMID: 34168098 PMCID: PMC8724840 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR43 (also known as FFAR2), a metabolite-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor stimulated by short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) ligands is involved in innate immunity and metabolism. GPR43 couples with Gαi/o and Gαq/11 heterotrimeric proteins and is capable of decreasing cyclic AMP and inducing Ca2+ flux. The GPR43 receptor has additionally been shown to bind β-arrestin 2 and inhibit inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB. However, GPR43 shares the same ligands as GPR41, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and determination of its precise functions in association with endogenous ligands, such as SCFAs alone, therefore remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we generated novel synthetic agonists that display allosteric modulatory effects on GPR43 and downregulate NF-κB activity. In particular, the potency of compound 187 was significantly superior to that of pre-existing compounds in vitro. However, in the colitis model in vivo, compound 110 induced more potent attenuation of inflammation. These novel allosteric agonists of GPR43 clearly display anti-inflammatory potential, supporting their clinical utility as therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Oh Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Suresh Paudel
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sunhong Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Biological Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Z, Tanner EEL, Kim J, Ibsen K, Gao Y, Mitragotri S. Ionic Liquid-Enabled Topical Delivery of Immunomodulators. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2783-2790. [PMID: 33983704 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin is one of the most immunologically active organs of the body due to the presence of diverse immune cells and its active involvement in the innate and adaptive immunity. Because of its unique location and immunological role, skin offers an excellent site for the introduction of immunomodulators to synergize with the active immune microenviroment for the desired outcome. However, delivery of immunomodulators to the skin remains a significant challenge due to the skin's barrier properties. Here, we report an ionic liquid (IL)-based strategy to formulate and deliver immunomodulators to the skin. Using imiquimod (IMQ) and triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) as the respective model immunoactive and immunosuppressive drugs, we demonstrated that ILs significantly enhanced the solubility of immunomodulators. In addition, ILs enabled the formulation of the immunomodulators into stable, topically applicable forms. Our ex vivo skin penetration studies revealed that the IL formulations outperformed respective commercial topical comparators and delivered significantly more immunomodulators to deep skin layers. The lead IMQ formulation exhibited >10-fold better efficacy in delivering IMQ to the deep skin layers as compared to the commercial 5% IMQ cream. Lead TCA formulations achieved a dose level in deep skin layers that is comparable to that by clinically used intralesional injections. Our data collectively suggest that the IL-based strategy can be a simple and effective platform for delivery of immunomodulators to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jayoung Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kelly Ibsen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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