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Eisa NH, Helmy SA, El-Kashef DH, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbiny NM. Pramipexole protects against diabetic neuropathy: Effect on oxidative stress, TLR4/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB and downstream inflammatory mediators. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111514. [PMID: 38199193 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by neurodegeneration of terminal sensory nerve fibers with subsequent pain, loss of sensation, and paresthesia, thus compromising the quality of life of diabetic patients. It is considered the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations worldwide, reflecting the insufficiency of current therapies. Pramipexole (PPX) is a dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The current study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of PPX in an experimental model of DN. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, Normal + PPX (1 mg/kg) group, STZ control, STZ + PPX (0.25 and 1 mg/kg/day for eight weeks). The neuroprotective effect of PPX in rats was evaluated in terms of sciatic nerve histological alterations, oxidative stress, and protein expression of TLR4/MyD88/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/NF-κB axis and downstream inflammatory mediators. RESULTS PPX administration ameliorated histopathological signs of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Additionally, PPX attenuated STZ-induced sciatic nerve oxidative stress and downregulated neural tissue expression of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK-1, TRAF-6, NF-κB and downstream mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1). CONCLUSION Collectively, the current study sheds light on PPX as a potential protective medication to alleviate neuropathy progression in diabetic patients. PPX neuroprotective effect can be attributed to modulating TLR4/ MyD88/IRAK-1/TRAF-6/ NF-κB axis signaling in nerve tissues with subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Helmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
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Aldosari BN, Abdellatif AAH, Almurshedi AS, Alfagih IM, AlQuadeib BT, Abbas AYA, Hassan YA, Abdelfattah A, Tawfeek HM. Development of oral formulation of Lepidium seeds significantly decreases the high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats: in vitro formulation and in vivo antidiabetic performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:112-123. [PMID: 38156891 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2300649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidium sativum, Garden Cress (GC), seeds have a lot of natural molecules with a pronounced activity against different disorders. It was reported that GC seeds have the ability to lower the blood glucose level. AIM The aim of this work was to formulate GC seeds into oral tablets containing a fixed dose of the grounded seeds. Furthermore, the anti-diabetic performance of the prepared tablets was studied in the streptozotocin rats' model in comparison with positive control metformin. METHODS Micrometrics of GC grounded seeds with different excipients were investigated. Then, GC tablets were prepared via direct compression technique. GC tablets were characterized for their uniformity of dosage unit, friability, hardness, disintegration time, and in vitro release. The antidiabetic effect was studied in rats for a period of 28 days. Glycosylated hemoglobin, liver performance, and lipid levels include total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were also estimated. In addition, histopathological study of liver and pancreas was also performed. RESULTS Prosolv®EasyTab produced tablets with higher hardness, lower disintegration time, and fast release. GC tablets significantly lower the elevated blood glucose level. In addition, they have antihyperlipidemic activity, hepatocellular protective role and restore the histology of the liver and pancreas. CONCLUSION GC tablets could be a promising alternative formulation to control the high blood glucose level in diabetic rats rather than chemically derivatized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah N Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Iman Mohammed Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa Youssef A Abbas
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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3
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Saleh DO, Sedik AA. Novel drugs affecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:657-670. [PMID: 38645500 PMCID: PMC11024403 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.75367.16334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) poses a significant threat, affecting half of the global diabetic population and leading to severe complications, including pain, impaired mobility, and potential amputation. The delayed manifestation of diabetic neuropathy (DN) makes early diagnosis challenging, contributing to its debilitating impact on individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This review examines the multifaceted nature of DPN, focusing on the intricate interplay between oxidative stress, metabolic pathways, and the resulting neuronal damage. It delves into the challenges of diagnosing DN, emphasizing the critical role played by hyperglycemia in triggering these cascading effects. Furthermore, the study explores the limitations of current neuropathic pain drugs, prompting an investigation into a myriad of pharmaceutical agents tested in both human and animal trials over the past decade. The methodology scrutinizes these agents for their potential to provide symptomatic relief for DPN. The investigation reveals promising results from various pharmaceutical agents tested for DPN relief, showcasing their efficacy in ameliorating symptoms. However, a notable gap persists in addressing the underlying problem of DPN. The results underscore the complexity of DPN and the challenges in developing therapies that go beyond symptomatic relief. Despite advancements in treating DPN symptoms, there remains a scarcity of options addressing the underlying problem. This review consolidates the state-of-the-art drugs designed to combat DPN, highlighting their efficacy in alleviating symptoms. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of the diverse processes and pathways involved in DPN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia O. Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Egypt
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4
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Vurmaz A, Atay E, Rakip U, Koca T. Observation of the neuroprotective efficacy of vitamin K in a streptozocin-induced diabetes model in chick embryos. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23609. [PMID: 38037266 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency and/or resistance. Vitamin K (VK) is a group of fat-soluble molecules, including naturally occurring vitamin K1 (phylloquinone). vitamin K2 (menaquinone), and synthetic vitamin K3 (menadione). Beyond coagulation, the health benefits of VK have been described to play different roles in both physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, energy metabolism, neuroprotection, cellular growth, and survival. It was aimed to observe the antioxidant and/or neuroprotective activity of vitamin K1 in our model of chick embryo diabetic neuropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Ninety White Leghorn, fertile and 0-day-old SPF (specific pathogen-free) eggs (57 ± 4 gr) were used in the study. Chick embryo blood brain tissues were taken for biochemical evaluation. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured. In addition, brain tissue total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured. Plasma glucose levels were higher in the STZ-treated groups and lower in the treatment groups. Plasma insulin levels were observed to be higher in STZ groups in groups treated with high VK. Low TAS, high MDA, TOS, and VEGF levels were recorded in brain tissue STZ groups. Low VEGF, TOS, and MDA levels were recorded in the group treated with the highest VK, while high TAS levels were observed. In our STZ-induced chick embryo diabetic neuropathy model, we observed that VK1 reduced oxidant damage by showing antioxidant properties or by modulating antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Vurmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Emre Atay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Usame Rakip
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Tülay Koca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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5
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Moetlediwa MT, Muvhulawa N, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Ndwandwe D, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Sulforaphane: A nutraceutical against diabetes-related complications. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106918. [PMID: 37703962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of nutraceuticals and plant-derived bioactive compounds from foods for their potential health benefits. For example, as a major active ingredient found from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane against diverse metabolic complications. The past decade has seen an extensive growth in literature reporting on the potential health benefits of sulforaphane to neutralize pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be essential in protecting against diabetes-related complications. In fact, preclinical evidence summarized within this review supports an active role of sulforaphane in activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 or effectively modulating AMP-activated protein kinase to protect against diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, as well as other metabolic complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. With clinical evidence suggesting that foods rich in sulforaphane like broccoli can improve the metabolic status and lower cardiovascular disease risk by reducing biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. This information remains essential in determining the therapeutic value of sulforaphane or its potential use as a nutraceutical to manage diabetes and its related complications. Finally, this review discusses essential information on the bioavailability profile of sulforaphane, while also covering information on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation that drive the development and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Marakiya T Moetlediwa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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6
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Alkholifi FK, Aodah AH, Foudah AI, Alam A. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Berberine and Tocopherol in Managing Diabetic Neuropathy: A Comprehensive Approach towards Alleviating Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1726. [PMID: 37371821 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) causes sensory dysfunction, such as numbness, tingling, or burning sensations. Traditional medication may not ease pain and discomfort, but natural remedies such as Berberine (BR) and vitamin E or Tocopherol (TOC) have therapeutic potential to reduce inflammation while improving nerve function. Novel substances offer a more potent alternative method for managing severe chronic neuropathic pain that does not react to standard drug therapy by targeting various pathways that regulate it. Rats with diabetic control received oral doses of BR + TOC that showed significant changes in serum insulin levels compared to DN controls after 90 days, suggesting a decrease in sensitivity to painful stimuli partly by modulating the oxidative stress of the inflammatory pathway such as TNF-α suppression or stimulation of TNF-α depending on the amount of dose consumed by them. NF-kB also played its role here. Administering doses of BR and TOC reduced heightened levels of NF-kB and AGEs, effectively counteracting inflammation-targeted key factors in diabetes, promising possibilities for the benefits of these molecules revealed through in vivo investigation. In summary, treating neuropathy pain with a more comprehensive and organic approach can involve harnessing the powerful capabilities of BR and TOC. These compounds have been found to not only considerably decrease inflammation but also provide effective nerve protection while enhancing overall nerve function. With their multifunctional impacts on various neuropathic pain pathways in the body, these naturally occurring substances offer an exciting possibility for those who encounter high levels of neuropathic distress that do not respond well to conventional medication-centred therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhussain H Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Naseem N, Ahmad MF, Malik S, Khan RH, Siddiqui WA. The potential of esculin in ameliorating Type-2 diabetes mellitus induced neuropathy in Wistar rats and probing its inhibitory mechanism of insulin aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124760. [PMID: 37156314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy encompasses multiple pathological disturbances, many of which coincide with the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, various biophysical techniques like Rayleigh light scattering assay, Thioflavin T assay, far-UV Circular Dichroism spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy have unveiled the anti-fibrillatory effect of esculin upon human insulin fibrillation. MTT cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the biocompatibility of esculin and in-vivo studies such as behavioral tests like hot plate test, tail immersion test, acetone drop test, plantar test were performed for validating diabetic neuropathy. Assessment of levels of serum biochemical parameters, oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as neuron specific markers was done in the current study. Rat brains were subjected to histopathology and their sciatic nerves were subjected to transmission electron microscopy to analyze myelin structure alterations. All these results reveal that esculin ameliorates diabetic neuropathy in experimental diabetic rats. Conclusively, our study demonstrates the anti-amyloidogenic potential of esculin in the form of inhibition of human insulin fibrillation, making it a promising candidate in combating neurodegenerative disorders in the near future and the results of various behavioral, biochemical, and molecular studies reveal that esculin possesses anti-lipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties which help in ameliorating diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Naseem
- Research Lab-1, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Md Fahim Ahmad
- Research Lab-1, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Sadia Malik
- Research Lab-3, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Research Lab-3, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
| | - Waseem A Siddiqui
- Research Lab-1, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India.
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Inhibition of AGEs formation, antioxidative, and cytoprotective activity of Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) tannin under hyperglycemia: molecular and cellular study. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:443-457. [PMID: 35861915 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that accumulation of advanced glycation ends products (AGEs) lead to various diseases such as diabetes and diabetic complications. In this study we showed that hydrolysable tannin from Sumac (Rhus typhina L.)-3,6-bis-O-di-O-galloyl-1,2,4-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (C55H40O34) inhibited generation of glycation markers in bovine serum albumin such as AGEs, dityrosine, N'-formylkynurenine and kynurenine under high glucose treatment. This effect was accompanied by stabilization of the protein structure, as was shown using ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy and fluorescence methods. C55H40O34 exhibited also a neuroprotective effect in high glucose-exposed Neuro2A cells suppressing ROS formation and expression of phospho NF-κβ and iNOS. At the same time C55H40O34 increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase and mitochondrial complex I and V activities. Results from this study demonstrates a potent antiglycation activity of C55H40O34 in vitro and indicates its possible therapeutic application in glycation related diseases.
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Zhang X, Guo F, Cao D, Yan Y, Zhang N, Zhang K, Li X, Kumar P, Zhang X. Neuroprotective Effect of Ponicidin Alleviating the Diabetic Cognitive Impairment: Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:735-752. [PMID: 36155887 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, which is caused by constitutive hyperglycaemia. Ponicidin is a diterpenoid isolated from a Chinese traditional herb (Rabdosia rubescens) and demonstrates the various pharmacological effects. The goal of this study was to scrutinise the neuroprotective effect of ponicidin against diabetic nephropathy (DN) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Intraperitoneal administration of STZ (55 mg/kg) was used for the induction of diabetes and rats were received oral administration of ponicidin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) until 28 days. The body weight, food intake, water intake and blood glucose level were assessed at regular time interval. Plasma insulin level, antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis marker and faecal gut microbiota compositions were estimated. DN-induced group rats revealed the augmented glucose level, water intake, food intake and reduced body weight. Ponicidin significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the glucose level and water food intake and improved the body weight and plasma insulin. Ponicidin significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and boosted the level of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and serum level. Ponicidin significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and enhanced the level of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the brain and serum level. DN group rats exhibited the enhanced relative abundance of Firmicutes, along with enhancing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and repressing the Bacteroidetes relative abundance. Ponicidin effectually restored the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus genera. Our findings clearly demonstrated that ponicidin has a neuroprotective effect against diabetic cognitive impairment through modulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Guo
- People's Hospital of Lvliang, Shanxi, 033000, China
| | - Dujuan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | | | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.,Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Hassanizadeh S, Shojaei M, Bagherniya M, Orekhov AN, Sahebkar A. Effect of nano-curcumin on various diseases: A comprehensive review of clinical trials. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36607090 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of curcumin have made it a valuable herbal product for improving various disorders, such as COVID-19, cancer, depression, anxiety, osteoarthritis, migraine, and diabetes. Recent research has demonstrated that encapsulating curcumin in nanoparticles might improve its therapeutic effects and bioavailability. To our knowledge, the efficacy of nano-curcumin on different aspects of health and disease has not been summarized in a study. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate nano-curcumin's efficacy in various diseases based on the findings of clinical trials. In order to review publications focusing on nanocurcumin's impact on various diseases, four databases were searched, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This review highlights the potential benefits of nano-curcumin in improving a wide range of human diseases including COVID-19, neurological disorders, chronic disease, oral diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases, especially as an adjunct to standard therapy and a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hassanizadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Shojaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Sawatpanich T, Chaimontri C, Wu ATH, Iamsaard S, Yannasithinon S. Dolichandrone serrulata flower improves seminal biochemical parameters and proteins in T2DM rats induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1935-1943. [PMID: 36205598 PMCID: PMC9553168 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although Dolichandrone serrulata (Wall. ex DC.) Seem (Bignoniaceae) flower (DSF) improves hyperglycaemia, testicular damage and sperm quality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animals, its effects on the seminal vesicles, secreting seminal plasma, are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study reports the protective effects of DSF on seminal dysfunction in T2DM rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (control, T2DM, T2DM + DSF200 and T2DM + DSF600; 10 animals/group). The control group was fed a low-fat diet for 14 days prior to single saline injection, whereas T2DM group was given a high-fat diet and injected with streptozocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The T2DM-induced rats were fed DSF orogastrically (200 and 600 mg/kg body weight) for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical components, malondialdehyde (MDA), histology and protein expression in seminal lysate were evaluated. RESULTS DSF increased the levels of serum phosphorus (13.66 ± 0.59 mg/dL), ALP (11.85 ± 0.99 U/L), GOT (3938.23 ± 251.41 U/L) and GPT (34.16 ± 4.93), decreased MDA levels in seminal tissue, and elevated the serum testosterone in the T2DM rats. Treatment with DSF ameliorated histological damage, significantly increased seminal 44 and 31 kDa TyrPho protein expression, and decreased that of caspase 3 and 9. CONCLUSIONS DSF extract was able to mitigate seminal dysfunction in T2DM rats via improvements of tyrosine phosphorylation, testosterone level and biochemical substances, as well as reductions of caspase proteins. DSF may be developed as an alternative medicine in treating of T2DM male subfertility and progressive complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarinee Sawatpanich
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chadaporn Chaimontri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alexander Tsang-Hsien Wu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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13
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Coenzyme Q10 as a potential add-on treatment for patients suffering from painful diabetic neuropathy: results of a placebo-controlled randomized trial. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:1899-1910. [PMID: 36273066 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the addition of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to pregabalin might be helpful in improving symptoms in patients suffering from painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). METHODS One hundred twelve patients with PDN were randomly allocated to receive CoQ10 + pregabalin (57 patients) or placebo + pregabalin (55 patients). Besides pregabalin (150 mg/day), the patients, upon their group assignment, received CoQ10 at a dosage of 100 mg every 8 h or matched placebo for 8 consecutive weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the changes in the pain intensity from baseline to endpoint measured on an 11-point NRS (numeric rating scale). Secondary efficacy measures included the changes in the pain-associated sleep interference score (SIS) as well as the patients' global improvement with treatment measured on the Clinicians' and Patients' Global Impression of Change (CGIC/PGIC). RESULTS On the intent‑to‑treat population (ITT) analysis, the CoQ10 + pregabalin regimen resulted in significantly greater pain relief than the placebo + pregabalin regimen. By the end of week 2, the decrease in the mean pain NRS score was similar in both groups, but at the end of weeks four and eight, the decrease in the mean pain NRS score was significantly greater in patients taking CoQ10 + pregabalin than in those taking placebo + pregabalin (p value = 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively). Likewise, at the end of week 8, the decrease in the pain-associated SIS was significantly greater in the patients supplemented with CoQ10 compared to placebo. Furthermore, the proportion of the responder patients (those having ≥ 50% decline in the mean pain NRS score) as well as the proportion of patients rated ''very much'' or ''much improved'' on the CGIC/PGIC scales were also significantly higher in the CoQ10 + pregabalin-treated patients than placebo + pregabalin-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the idea that diabetic patients suffering from PDN may benefit from using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements like CoQ10. However, further studies are required before supplementation with CoQ10 can be recommended for treating PDN. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier code: IRCT20120215009014N385). Registration date: 2021-02-21.
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14
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So WZ, Qi Wong NS, Tan HC, Yu Lin MT, Yu Lee IX, Mehta JS, Liu YC. Diabetic corneal neuropathy as a surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2172-2178. [PMID: 35259825 PMCID: PMC9083173 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting nerves in all parts of the body including corneal nerves and peripheral nervous system, leading to diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, respectively. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is diagnosed in clinical practice using electrophysiological nerve conduction studies, clinical scoring, and skin biopsies. However, these diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity in detecting small-fiber disease, hence they do not accurately reflect the status of diabetic neuropathy. More recently, analysis of alterations in the corneal nerves has emerged as a promising surrogate marker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between diabetic corneal neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, elaborating on the foundational aspects of each: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, evaluation, and management. We will further discuss the relevance of diabetic corneal neuropathy in detecting the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, particularly early diabetic peripheral neuropathy; the correlation between the severity of diabetic corneal neuropathy and that of diabetic peripheral neuropathy; and the role of diabetic corneal neuropathy in the stratification of complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng So
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Shi Qi Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Chang Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Patel S, Khan H, Majumdar A. Crosstalk between Sirtuins and Nrf2: SIRT1 activators as emerging treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2181-2195. [PMID: 35616799 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
About 50% of the diabetic patients worldwide suffer from Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) which is characterized by chronic pain and loss of sensation, frequent foot ulcerations, and risk for amputation. Numerous factors like hyperglycemia, oxidative stress (OS), impaired glucose signaling, inflammatory responses, neuronal cell death are known to be the various mechanisms underlying DACD and DPN. Development of tolerance, insufficient and inadequate relief and potential toxicity of classical antinociceptives still remains a challenge in the clinical setting. Therefore, there is an emerging need for novel treatments which are both without any potential side effects as well as which focus more on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease. Also, sirtuins are known to deacetylate Nrf2 and contribute to its action of reducing ROS by generation of anti-oxidant enzymes. Therefore, targeting sirtuins could be a favourable therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic neuropathy by reducing ROS and thereby alleviating OS in DPN. In the present review, we outline the potential use of SIRT1 activators as therapeutic alternatives in treating DPN. We have tried to highlight how sirtuins are interlinked with Nrf2 and NF-κB and put forth how SIRT activators could serve as potential therapy for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Hasnat Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Anuradha Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, India.
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16
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Dastgheib M, Shetab-Boushehri SV, Baeeri M, Gholami M, Karimi MY, Hosseini A. Rolipram and pentoxifylline combination ameliorates experimental diabetic neuropathy through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2615-2627. [PMID: 35922732 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most challenging microvascular complication of diabetes and there is no suitable treatment for it, so the development of new agents to relieve DN is urgently needed. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play an essential role in the development of DN, clearance of these factors are good strategies for the treatment of this disease. According to key role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, it seems that phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) can be as novel drug targets for improving DN through enhancement of cAMP level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, and pentoxifylline, a general PDE inhibitor on experimental model of DN and also to determine the possible mechanisms involved in the effectiveness of these agents. We investigated the effects of rolipram (1 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) and also combination of rolipram (0.5 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), orally for five weeks in rats that became diabetic by STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatments, motor function was evaluated by open-field test, then rats were anesthetized and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons isolated. Next, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory factors were assessed by biochemical and ELISA methods, and RT-PCR analysis in DRG neurons. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment significantly attenuated DN - induced motor function deficiency by modulating distance moved and velocity. Rolipram and/or pentoxifylline treatment dramatically increased the cAMP level, as well as suppressed DN - induced oxidative stress which was associated with decrease in LPO and ROS and increase in TAC, total thiol, CAT and SOD in DRG neurons. On the other hand, the level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, NF-kB and COX2) significantly decreased following rolipram and/or pentoxifylline administration. The maximum effectiveness was with rolipram and/or pentoxifylline combination on mentioned factors. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for further clinical investigations on rolipram and pentoxifylline combination for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dastgheib
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Odajiu I, Covantsev S, Sivapalan P, Mathioudakis AG, Jensen JUS, Davidescu EI, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Corlateanu A. Peripheral neuropathy: A neglected cause of disability in COPD - A narrative review. Respir Med 2022; 201:106952. [PMID: 36029697 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory syndrome with systemic involvement leading to various cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological comorbidities. It is well known that conditions associated with oxygen deprivation and metabolic disturbance are associated with polyneuropathy, but current data regarding the relationship between COPD and peripheral nervous system pathology is limited. This review summarizes the available data on the association between COPD and polyneuropathy, including possible pathophysiological mechanisms such as the role of hypoxia, proinflammatory state, and smoking in nerve damage; the role of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, as well as the diagnostic methods and screening tools for identifying polyneuropathy. Furthermore, it outlines the available options for managing and preventing polyneuropathy in COPD patients. Overall, current data suggest that optimal screening strategies to diagnose polyneuropathy early should be implemented in COPD patients due to their relatively common association and the additional burden of polyneuropathy on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Odajiu
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK; The North-West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugenia Irene Davidescu
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu", Chisinau, Moldavia.
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18
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Klashami ZN, Ahrabi NZ, Ahrabi YS, Hasanzad M, Asadi M, Amoli MM. The vitamin D receptor gene variants, ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, and FokI in diabetic foot ulcer and their association with oxidative stress. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8627-8639. [PMID: 35857173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, numerous disorders have been linked to vitamin D deficiency. Several lines of evidence indicate a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It has been postulated that vitamin D may influence insulin activity, which can predispose individuals to develop type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 262 patients with definite type 2 diabetes were enrolled, considering whether they were being affected by diabetic foot ulcers or not. The plasma levels of vitamin D and homocysteine were measured using ELISA, and the PCR-RFLP technique was utilized to determine allele and genotype frequencies. The antioxidant capacity of plasma samples of diabetic patients was analyzed using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays. RESULTS The obtained results demonstrated no significant difference in the frequency of TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms between the case and control groups. However, the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the ApaI polymorphism in the VDR gene significantly differed between the case and control groups. A significant correlation was found between ApaI polymorphism and oxidative stress, as patients with the GG genotype had lower levels of TBARS than those with other genotypes. Furthermore, in the case group, patients with the CC genotype of BsmI showed a significant decrease in TBARS levels. DISCUSSION It seems that the plasma levels of vitamin D do not differ between patients with or without diabetic foot ulcers; however, the presence of some VDR gene polymorphisms is thought to be involved in the development of diabetic foot ulcers via increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nickhah Klashami
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nakisa Zarrabi Ahrabi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasin Sarve Ahrabi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Centre, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Beloucif A, Kechrid Z, Bekada AMA. Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, and Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats and the Potential Role of Sesame Oil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3236-3247. [PMID: 34613584 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is recognized to have a crucial function in insulin production. As a result, its absence may have a deleterious impact on the progression of diabetes and associated consequences. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sesame oil on biochemical parameters, zinc status, and oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats fed zinc-deficient diet. Rats were divided into four groups. The first group consisted of non-diabetic rats that were fed in a sufficient zinc diet, whereas the second was a diabetic group which received also sufficient zinc diet, while the third and fourth groups were diabetic rats fed in a deficient zinc diet, one was non-treated and the other was treated with sesame oil 6% diet for 27 days. Zinc deficiency has affected the weight of the diabetic animals. It was also noticed that inadequate dietary zinc intake increased concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, and transaminases activities. Furthermore, zinc deficiency feed provoked a decrease in zinc level in tissues (femur, liver, and pancreas); glutathione concentration; and lactic dehydrogenase, amylase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase activities. However, sesame oil treatment ameliorated all the previous parameters approximately to their normal values. It was found out that sesame oil supplementation is a potent factor in mitigating the oxidative severity of zinc deficiency in diabetes through its effective antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Beloucif
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Zine Kechrid
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Ali Bekada
- Laboratory of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
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20
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Elucidating the Neuroprotective Effect of Tecoma stans Leaf Extract in STZ-Induced Diabetic Neuropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3833392. [PMID: 35795278 PMCID: PMC9251095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3833392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes is considered one of the most encyclopedic metabolic disorders owing to an alarming rise in the number of patients, which is increasing at an exponential rate. With the current therapeutics, which only aims to provide symptomatic and momentary relief, the scientists are shifting gears to explore alternative therapies which not only can target diabetes but can also help in limiting the progression of diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy (DN). Methods Tecoma stans leaf methanolic extract was prepared using the Soxhlet method. A streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg)-induced diabetic animal model was used and treatment with oral dosing of T. stans leaf extract at the different doses of 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and highest dose, i.e., 400 mg/kg, was initiated on day 3 after STZ administration. The pharmacological response for general and biochemical (angiogenic, inflammatory, and oxidative) parameters and behavioral parameters were compared using Gabapentin as a standard drug with the results from the test drug. Results Parameters associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy were evaluated. For general parameters, different doses of T. stans extract (TSE) on blood sugar showed significant effects as compared to the diabetic group. Also, the results from biochemical analysis and behavioral parameters showed significant positive effects in line with general parameters. The combination therapy of TSE at 400 mg/kg with a standard drug produced nonsignificant effects in comparison with the normal group. Conclusion The leaves of T. stans possess antidiabetic effects along with promising effects in the management of DN by producing significant effects by exhibiting antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are prognostic markers for DN, and thus, T. stans can be considered as an emerging therapeutic option for DN.
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21
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Abubaker SA, Alonazy AM, Abdulrahman A. Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e25750. [PMID: 35812639 PMCID: PMC9264721 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a clinical condition that can have a significant impact on quality of life, presenting as numbness, tingling, and burning in the extremities. Current treatment options focus on symptom alleviation and reducing exposure to risk factors as treating the pathophysiological causes of diabetic neuropathy remains a significant challenge. Novel studies have proposed that the use of antioxidants, including alpha-lipoic acid (⍺-lipoic acid), may represent a beneficial intervention for treating neuropathic pain in diabetic patients. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ⍺-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and determine its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. To achieve our objective, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened on March 3, 2022. Randomized controlled trials that investigated ⍺-lipoic acid treatment in diabetes mellitus patients with neuropathic pain and made an appropriate comparison were included. The reduction of neuropathic symptoms was the primary outcome, and the secondary outcome was the incidence of adverse events. Eight studies comprising 1,500 diabetic patients were evaluated in this systematic review. The findings were inconsistent among the literature concerning the effectiveness of ⍺-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, with three trials (37.5%) observing significant improvements in symptoms and five trials (62.5%) not observing any notable results. All studies found ⍺-lipoic acid to be a safe and tolerable intervention, with no reported adverse effects. The administration of ⍺-lipoic acid may result in symptom reduction and offers a safe and tolerable treatment option. However, there is limited evidence to support the beneficial outcomes of this approach. Further trials are warranted to corroborate or contradict the hypothesis that ⍺-lipoic acid is an effective intervention for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
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22
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Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Quercetin Protecting against Podocyte Injury to Attenuate Diabetic Nephropathy through Network Pharmacology, MicroarrayData Analysis, and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7291434. [PMID: 35615688 PMCID: PMC9126727 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7291434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QUE), a health supplement, can improve renal function in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats by ameliorating podocyte injury. Its clinical trial for renal insufficiency in advanced diabetes (NCT02848131) is currently underway. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of QUE protecting against podocyte injury to attenuate DN through network pharmacology, microarray data analysis, and molecular docking. QUE-associated targets, genes related to both DN, and podocyte injury were obtained from different comprehensive databases and were intersected and analyzed to obtain mapping targets. Candidate targets were identified by constructing network of protein-protein interaction (PPI) of mapping targets and ranked to obtain key targets. The major pathways were obtained from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis of candidate targets via ClueGO plug-in and R project software, respectively. Potential receptor-ligand interactions between QUE and key targets were evaluated via Autodocktools-1.5.6. 41. Candidate targets, of which three key targets (TNF, VEGFA, and AKT1), and the major AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were ascertained and associated with QUE against podocyte injury in DN. Molecular docking models showed that QUE could closely bind to the key targets. This study revealed that QUE could protect against podocyte injury in DN through the following mechanisms: downregulating inflammatory cytokine of TNF, reducing VEGF-induced vascular permeability, inhibiting apoptosis by stimulating AKT1 phosphorylation, and suppressing the AGE-induced oxidative stress via the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway.
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Synthesis, activity and in silico studies of novel bisindolylmethanes from xylochemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as antidiabetic agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Hirsch GE, Heck TG. Inflammation, oxidative stress and altered heat shock response in type 2 diabetes: the basis for new pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:411-425. [PMID: 31746233 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic disease characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Besides, several pieces of evidence have shown that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are strongly involved in DM2 and its complications, and various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment alternatives act in these processes/molecules to modulate them and ameliorate the disease. Besides, uncontrolled hyperglycaemia is related to several complications as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and hepatic, renal and cardiac complications. In this review, we address discuss the involvement of different inflammatory and pro-oxidant pathways related to DM2, and we described molecular targets modulated by therapeutics currently available to treat DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elisa Hirsch
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ), Regional University of Northwestern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (UNIJUÍ), Rua do Comércio, Brazil
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25
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Wang P, Wen C, Olatunji OJ. Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Boesenbergia rotunda Polyphenol Extract in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Rats. J Pain Res 2022; 15:779-788. [PMID: 35356266 PMCID: PMC8959722 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s359766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhu Second People's Hospital, Wuhu City, 241001, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoling Wen
- Anhui Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Wuhu City, 241001, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji, Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand, Email
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Khutami C, Sumiwi SA, Khairul Ikram NK, Muchtaridi M. The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042056. [PMID: 35216172 PMCID: PMC8875143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor that leads to the development of other diseases such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. These three metabolic disorders can occur simultaneously, hence, the treatment requires many drugs. Antioxidant compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes via several mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the antioxidant compounds that have activity against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes together with their molecular signaling mechanism. The literature discussed in this review was obtained from the PUBMED database. Based on the collection of literature obtained, antioxidant compounds having activity against the three disorders (obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes) were identified. The activity is supported by various molecular signaling pathways that are influenced by these antioxidant compounds, further study of which would be useful in predicting drug targets for a more optimal effect. This review provides insights on utilizing one of these antioxidant compounds as opposed to several drugs. It is hoped that in the future, the number of drugs in treating obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes altogether can be minimized consequently reducing the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chindiana Khutami
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (C.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Qureshi Z, Ali MN, Khalid M. An Insight into Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Agents for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9989272. [PMID: 35127954 PMCID: PMC8813291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9989272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the 4th most common disease affecting the world's population. It is accompanied by many complications that deteriorate the quality of life. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the debilitating consequences of diabetes that effects one-third of diabetic patients. Unfortunately, there is no internationally recommended drug that directly hinders the pathological mechanisms that result in painful diabetic neuropathy. Clinical studies have shown that anticonvulsant and antidepressant therapies have proven fruitful in management of pain associated with PDN. Currently, the FDA approved medications for painful diabetic neuropathies include duloxetine, pregabalin, tapentadol extended release, and capsaicin (for foot PDN only). The FDA has also approved the use of spinal cord stimulation system for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy pain. The drugs recommended by other regulatory bodies include gabapentin, amitriptyline, dextromethorphan, tramadol, venlafaxine, sodium valproate, and 5 % lidocaine patch. These drugs are only partially effective and have adverse effects associated with their use. Treating painful symptoms in diabetic patient can be frustrating not only for the patients but also for health care workers, so additional clinical trials for novel and conventional treatments are required to devise more effective treatment for PDN with minimal side effects. This review gives an insight on the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PDN and the potential pharmacotherapeutic agents. This will be followed by an overview on the FDA-approved drugs for PDN and commercially available topical analgesic and their effects on painful diabetic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Najabat Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Khalid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Arora K, Tomar PC, Mohan V. Diabetic neuropathy: an insight on the transition from synthetic drugs to herbal therapies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1773-1784. [PMID: 34900824 PMCID: PMC8630252 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic of prediabetes and diabetes has led to a severe corresponding complication of these disorders. Neuropathy is one of the most prevalent complication of diabetes is, affecting blood supply of the peripheral nervous system that may eventually results into loss of sensations, injuries, diabetic foot and death. The utmost identified risk of diabetic neuropathy is uncontrolled high blood glucose levels. However, aging, body mass index (BMI), oxidative stress, inflammation, increased HbA1c levels and blood pressure are among the other key factors involved in the upsurge of this disease. The so far treatment to deal with diabetic neuropathy is controlling metabolic glucose levels. Apart from this, drugs like reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors, aldose reductase inhibitors, PKC inhibitors, Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), anticonvulsants, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, are the other prescribed medications. However, the related side-effects (hallucinations, drowsiness, memory deficits), cost, poor pharmacokinetics and drug resistance brought the trust of patients down and thus herbal renaissance is occurring all over the word as the people have shifted their intentions from synthetic drugs to herbal remedies. Medicinal plants have widely been utilized as herbal remedies against number of ailments in Indian medicinal history. Their bioactive components are very much potent to handle different chronic disorders and complications with lesser-known side effects. Therefore, the current article mainly concludes the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, it also highlights the important roles of medicinal plants and their naturally occurring bioactive compounds in addressing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Arora
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, India
| | - Pushpa C. Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Haryana 121004 Faridabad, India
| | - Vandana Mohan
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Gurugram, India
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29
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Fullerene C60 nanoparticle attenuates pain and tumor necrosis factor-α protein expression in hippocampus following diabetic neuropathy in rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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O'Brien TD. Impaired dermal microvascular reactivity and implications for diabetic wound formation and healing: an evidence review. J Wound Care 2021; 29:S21-S28. [PMID: 32924808 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup9.s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most consequential and costly complications faced by patients with diabetes and the global healthcare system. Acknowledged risk factors for DFUs include diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), microtrauma and foot deformities. Research on additional risk factors for DFUs has recently focused on dysregulated, autonomic vasomotor control in the skin of patients with DPN. In particular, impaired dermal microvascular reactivity (IDMR) with its attendant reduction in nutritive capillary blood flow has been identified as an emerging risk factor. This especially relates to refractory wounds noted in patients without overt PAD signs. In this paper, evidence will be reviewed supporting the evolving understanding of IDMR and its impact on DFU formation and healing. Advances in diagnostic instrumentation driving this research along with the most promising potential therapies aimed at improving microvascular function in the diabetic foot will be discussed in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D O'Brien
- Penobscot Community Health Care, Bangor, ME, US.,University of Maine, Orono, ME, US
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31
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Gurel SG, Sogut I, Hurdag C, Gurel A, Tutar A, Cikler-Dulger E. Effect of fulvic acid on gastric mucosa damage caused by chronic water avoidance stress. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:199-206. [PMID: 34100319 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1926541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antioxidant and anti-ulcerogenic effects of fulvic acid (FA) on oxidative damage caused by water avoidance stress (WAS) in rat gastrointestinal mucosa. Three experimental groups were established: control (C), chronic stress (CS), and chronic stress + FA (CS + FA). After WAS, a single dose of FA was administered for 10 days to the CS + FA group. Samples of the pyloric region of the stomach were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured biochemically. By light microscopy, we observed loss of gastric epithelial cells and greater polymorphonuclear cell migration into the mucosa in the CS group compared to the C group. We found intact epithelial cell structure and a thick superficial mucus layer in the CS + FA group compared to the CS group. These findings in the CS + FA group were similar to those for group C. iNOS staining was stronger in the CS group compared to the C group. TOS and OSI levels in the CS + FA group were decreased compared to the CS group, but TAS, SOD, GPx and CAT levels were increased. We found that WAS caused damage to epithelium and connective tissue of the stomach mucosa and that this damage was prevented by FA. Therefore, administration of FA appears to prevent stress induced damage to rat stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Gizem Gurel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sogut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Hurdag
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Gurel
- Istanbul Forest Management, Marmara Forestry Research Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tutar
- Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Esra Cikler-Dulger
- Hamidiye Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Health Science, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Beriberi is a nutritional complication of gastric surgery, caused by deficiency of vitamin B1, or thiamine. Thiamine deficiency leads to impaired glucose metabolism, decreased delivery of oxygen by red blood cells, cardiac dysfunction, failure of neurotransmission, and neuronal death. This review describes the history and pathophysiology of beriberi as well as the relationship between beriberi and nutritional deficiencies after gastric surgery. A literature review of the history and pathophysiology of beriberi and the risk factors for thiamine deficiency, particularly after gastric resection or bariatric surgery, was performed. Recommendations for nutritional follow-up post gastric surgery are based on current national guidelines. Patients may have subclinical thiamine deficiency after upper gastrointestinal surgery, and thus beriberi may be precipitated by acute illness such as sepsis or poor dietary intake. This may occur very soon or many years after gastrectomy or bariatric surgery, even in apparently well-nourished patients. Prompt recognition and administration of supplemental thiamine can decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with beriberi. Dietary education post surgery and long-term follow-up to determine nutritional status, including vitamin and mineral assessment, is recommended for patients who undergo gastric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Public Hospital, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and the Sydney Institute for Obesity Surgery, Ashfield, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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33
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Magadmi RM, Alsulaimani MA, Al-Rafiah AR, Ahmad MS, Esmat A. Carvedilol Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Rat Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613634. [PMID: 33927613 PMCID: PMC8077026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) commonly occurs in diabetics, affecting approximately 50% of both type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. It is a leading cause of non-traumatic amputations. Oxidative stress could play a key role in the pathophysiology of DN. This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of carvedilol on STZ-induced DN in rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 200–250 g) were randomly divided into five groups (six/group), where group 1 (negative control) received only the vehicle (0.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose orally 1 ml/kg). DN was induced by a single injection of remaining rats with streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg, i.p.). After diabetes induction, group 2 served as the diabetic untreated animals; while groups 3 and 4 were treated with carvedilol (1 and 10 mg/kg/d, orally, respectively). Group 5 received a-lipoic acid as a reference neuroprotective (100 mg/kg/d, orally). All treatments were continued for 45 days after diabetes induction, followed by behavioural tests. After sacrificing the animals, dorsal root ganglia, and sciatic nerves were collected for histopathological examination and biochemical assessments. Briefly, STZ administration caused cold allodynia, induced oxidative stress, and increased nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration. Nevertheless, carvedilol improved the behavioural tests, ameliorated the oxidative imbalance as manifested by reducing malondialdehyde, restoring glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase activity. Carvedilol also decreased NGF concentration in DRG homogenate. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of carvedilol in an experimentally induced DN rat model through–at least partly–its antioxidant effect and reduced NGF concentration in DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Magadmi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujahid A Alsulaimani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza R Al-Rafiah
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed Ahmad
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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34
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Joksimovic SL, Lamborn N, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates evoked and spontaneous pain following surgical skin incision in rats. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:398-407. [PMID: 33843451 PMCID: PMC8043189 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1907058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated CaV3.2 isoform of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in the development of postsurgical pain. We have also previously established that different T-channel antagonists can alleviate in vivo postsurgical pain. Here we investigated the analgesic potential of another T-channel blocker and endogenous antioxidant molecule, α-lipoic acid (ALA), in a postsurgical pain model in rats. Our in vivo results suggest that single and repetitive intraperitoneal injections of ALA after surgery or preemptively, significantly reduced evoked mechanical hyperalgesia following surgical paw incision. Furthermore, repeated preemptive systemic injections of ALA effectively alleviated spontaneous postsurgical pain as determined by dynamic weight-bearing testing. We expect that our preclinical study may lead to further investigation of analgesic properties and mechanisms of analgesic action of ALA in patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Lamborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus and Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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35
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Shahid M, Subhan F, Islam NU, Ahmad N, Farooq U, Abbas S, Akbar S, Ullah I, Raziq N, Din ZU. The antioxidant N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (tiopronin) attenuates expression of neuropathic allodynia and hyperalgesia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:603-617. [PMID: 33079239 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain is inadequate as neuropathic pain involves varied clinical manifestations with multifactorial etiology, modulated by a cascade of physical and molecular events leading to different clinical presentations of pain. There is an accumulating evidence of the involvement of oxidative stress in neuropathy, and antioxidants have shown promise in mitigating neuropathic pain syndromes. To explore the evidence supporting this beneficial proclivity of antioxidants, this study investigated the antinociceptive effectiveness of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine or tiopronin, a well-recognized aminothiol antioxidant, in a refined chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain. Tiopronin (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, i.p.) and pregabalin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered daily after CCI surgery. The neuropathic paradigms of mechanical/cold allodynia and mechanical/heat hyperalgesia were assessed on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-nerve ligation. At the end of study, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord for assessing the extent of oxidative stress. The expression of neuropathic nociception was attenuated by tiopronin which was observed as a significant attenuation of CCI-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia. Tiopronin reversed the neuronal oxidative stress by significantly reducing MDA, and increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. Pregabalin also showed similar beneficial propensity on CCI-induced neuropathic aberrations. These findings suggest prospective neuropathic pain attenuating efficacy of tiopronin and further corroborated the notion that antioxidants are effective in mitigating the development and expression of neuropathic pain and underlying neuronal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Nazar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, National University of Pakistan, Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Sudhair Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Raziq
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din
- Department of Anatomy, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
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36
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α-Lipoic Acid Increases Collagen Synthesis and Deposition in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Rat Kidneys. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6669352. [PMID: 33777319 PMCID: PMC7979310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement and therapeutic agent in diabetes management. Well-established antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of ALA were considered to be particularly important in combating diabetic complications including renal injury. The present study evaluated the potential of ALA to affect profibrotic events in kidney that could alter its structure and functioning. ALA was administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) to nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks. The effects of ALA were assessed starting from structural/morphological alterations through changes that characterize profibrotic processes, to regulation of collagen gene expression in kidney. Here, we demonstrated that ALA improved systemic glucose and urea level, reduced formation of renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and maintained renal structural integrity in diabetic rats. However, profibrotic events provoked in diabetes were not alleviated by ALA since collagen synthesis/deposition and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) remained elevated in ALA-treated diabetic rats, especially after 8 weeks of diabetes onset. Moreover, 8 weeks treatment of nondiabetic rats with ALA led to the development of profibrotic features reflected in increased collagen synthesis/deposition. Besides the TGF-β1 downstream signaling, the additional mechanism underlying the upregulation of collagen IV in nondiabetic rats treated with ALA involves decreased DNA methylation of its promoter that could arise from increased Tet1 expression. These findings emphasize the therapeutic caution in the use of ALA, especially in patients with renal diabetic complication.
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Pacini A, Tomassoni D, Trallori E, Micheli L, Amenta F, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Traini E. Comparative Assessment of the Activity of Racemic and Dextrorotatory Forms of Thioctic (Alpha-Lipoic) Acid in Low Back Pain: Preclinical Results and Clinical Evidences From an Open Randomized Trial. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:607572. [PMID: 33732153 PMCID: PMC7959756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies, characterized by altered nociceptive and muscular functions, are related to oxidative stress. Thioctic acid is a natural antioxidant existing as two optical isomers, but most clinically used as racemic mixture. The present study investigated the central nervous system’s changes which followed loose-ligation-derived compression of sciatic nerve, the putative neuroprotective role of thioctic acid and the pain-alleviating effect on low-back pain suffering patients. Loose ligation of the right sciatic nerve was performed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a model of increased oxidative stress, and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Animals with sciatic nerve ligation were left untreated or were treated intraperitoneally for 15 days with 250 μmol·kg−1·die−1 of (+/−)-thioctic acid; 125 μmol·kg−1·die−1 of (+/−)-thioctic acid; 125 μmol·kg−1·die−1 of (+)-thioctic acid lysine salt; 125 μmol·kg−1·die−1 of (−)-thioctic acid; 300 μmol·kg−1·die−1 pregabalin. Control SHR and WKY rats received the same amounts of vehicle. The clinical trial NESTIORADE (Sensory-Motor Neuropathies of the Sciatic Nerve: Comparative evaluation of the effect of racemic and dextro-rotatory forms of thioctic acid) examined 100 patients (49 males and 51 females aged 53 ± 11 years) dividing them into two equal-numbered groups, each treated daily for 60 days with 600 mg of (+/−)-thioctic acid or (+)-thioctic acid, respectively. The trial was registered prior to patient enrollment at EudraCT website (OSSC Number: 2011-000964-81). In the preclinical study, (+)-thioctic acid was more active than (+/−)- or (−)-enantiomers in relieving pain and protecting peripheral nerve as well as in reducing oxidative stress and astrogliosis in the spinal cord. Main findings of NESTIORADE clinical trial showed a greater influence on painful symptomatology, a quicker recovery and a better impact on quality of life of (+)-thioctic acid vs. (+/−)-thioctic acid. These data may have a pharmacological and pharmacoeconomical relevance and suggest that thioctic acid, above all (+)-enantiomer, could be considered for treatment of low-back pain involving neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Elena Trallori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Section of Human Anatomy, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA)-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- Section of Human Anatomy, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Tiwari R, Wal P, Singh P, Tiwari G, Rai A. A Review on Mechanistic and Pharmacological Findings of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy including Pharmacotherapy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:247-258. [PMID: 32928092 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200914141558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycemia and related complications involving peripheral nerves in diabetes are one of the most severe microvascular complications with an average prevalence of 50-60%. Diabetic neuropathy is among the vascular disorders of diabetes, the most debilitating and crippled, lethal condition impacting patients's quality of life. METHODS In the present review article, several hypotheses associated with the pathogenesis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) have been introduced, among them metabolic pathways associated with polyol pathway, oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplified under chronic hyperglycemic conditions and activation of transcription factor Nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB). The review article also possesses pathogenetic and pharmacologic treatments along with others, including acupressure, lidocaine, and capsaicin for DPN. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that we can combat the pathogenesis of DPN with different suggested treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Gaurav Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
| | - Awani Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute Of Technology, Kanpur - Agra - Delhi National Highway - 2 , Bhauti - Kanpur - 209305, India
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Neuroprotective Effect of Syringic Acid by Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Mass in Diabetic Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8297984. [PMID: 33457416 PMCID: PMC7787734 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8297984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic complaint associated with oxidative stress and dysfunction of mitochondria. One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is neuropathy. This study evaluated the possible neuroprotective effects of syringic acid (SYR), a natural polyphenolic derivative of benzoic acid, on oxidative damage and mitochondria in the brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Different groups of rats including normal control, diabetics (induced by streptozotocin), diabetic groups treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of SYR, and non-diabetic group treated with only 100 mg/kg of SYR were treated for 6 weeks. Learning and memory function, physical coordination, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant indexes, as well as mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, were measured in the brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerves. Diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg SYR exhibited significantly improved learning, memory, and movement deficiency (p < 0.05). SYR 100 mg/kg also significantly upregulated the brain mRNA expression of PGC-1α and NRF-1, the key regulators of energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, SYR 100 mg/kg and SYR 50 mg/kg increased the mtDNA/nDNA ratio in the brain and the spinal cord of diabetic rats, respectively (p < 0.05). SYR attenuated the lipid peroxidation in all the tissues, but not significant effects were observed on GSH, AChE, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity. In all the tests, nonsignificant differences were observed between the control and SYR 100 mg/kg groups. Moreover, SYR reduced inflammation and demyelination in sciatic nerves. This is the first study to reveal the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism by SYR, beyond its antioxidant role in the diabetic rats' brain and spinal tissues.
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Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of the Leaf Latex of Aloe pulcherrima Gilbert and Sebsebe (Aloaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8899743. [PMID: 33082833 PMCID: PMC7556076 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8899743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The leaf latex of Aloe pulcherrima has been used as remedy for diabetes mellitus. This was carried out to determine in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities of the leaf latex of Aloe pulcherrima. Methods. Sucrase and maltase inhibitory activity of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima was determined in glucose oxidase assay, and α-amylase inhibitory activity was determined in dinitrosalicylic acid assay. Normoglycemic, glucose-loaded, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were treated orally to determine blood glucose lowering activity of the latex. Effect of the latex on serum lipid level and body weight was measured in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, DPPH assay was used to determine free radical scavenging capacity of the latex. Results. Antioxidant activity of the latex was concentration dependent; the strongest inhibition was measured at 800 μg/ml (80.57%). The leaf latex of A. pulcherrima inhibited sucrase (IC50 = 2.92 μg/ml), maltase (IC50 = 11.81 μg/ml) and α-amylase (IC50 = 14.92 μg/ml) enzymes. All doses of the leaf latex induced hypoglycemic effect after 4 h in normal mice, and low dose of the latex did not show significant effect after 6 h. Glucose reduction of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima was significant (p < 0.05) in oral glucose-loaded mice compared to the vehicle control. Blood glucose level of diabetic mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced on week one and weak two in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Glucose reduction increased with increasing the doses of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima on week one (p < 0.05 (200 mg/kg), p < 0.01 (400 mg/kg), and p < 0.001 (600 mg/kg)). Administration of the leaf latex of A. pulcherrima for two weeks significantly (p < 0.05) improved diabetic dyslipidemia and body weight of diabetic mice. Conclusion. The study confirmed that the leaf latex of the plant showed a significant antidiabetic activity justifying the traditional uses of the plant.
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Sakr HI, Amen MA, Rashed LA, Khowailed AA, Sayed HA, Motawee ME, Sakr H, Khalifa MM. Comparing prophylactic effect of exercise and metformin on cognitive brain functions in rats with type 3 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Sci 2020; 20:618-631. [PMID: 38757028 PMCID: PMC11094824 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.99023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two major medical conditions that constitute a significant financial burden on most healthcare systems. Due to AD sharing "insulin resistance" mechanistic features with DM, some scientists have proposed "type 3 DM" terminology for it. This study aims to compare the prophylactic effect of exercise and metformin on cognitive brain functions in rats with type 3 DM. Material and methods Two groups of rats were included in the study: the control group (n = 15) and the streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic group (n = 45). The diabetic group was subdivided into three equal subgroups: a sedentary non-treated diabetic group, an exercised group, and a metformin-treated group. We estimated step-down avoidance task latency, serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG), brain Aβ-42 and glucose, histological changes by toluidine blue, and immunohistochemistry for brain Aβ-42 and tau-positive cells. Results Serum glucose, FFA, TG, cholesterol, LDL, brain Aβ-42, brain glucose, the number of hippocampal dark and degenerated cells, and brain Aβ-42 and tau-positive cells, were all significantly lower. In contrast, serum insulin and HDL, the number of hippocampal granular cells, and latency of the step-down avoidance task were significantly higher in exercised and metformin-treated groups compared to the diabetic group. There were significantly higher values of serum insulin and brain/plasma glucose ratio and number of brain tau-positive cells in the metformin-treated group than in the exercised group. Conclusions We can conclude that exercise can be as effective as metformin regarding prophylaxis against the deleterious effects of type 3 DM on cognitive brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hader Ibrahim Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Amen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A. Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akef A. Khowailed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem A. Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Moustafa E. Motawee
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Sakr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VAMC North East Ohio Healthcare System, Louis Stokes, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu T, Yao X, Wang G, Liu X, Chen H, Yang Z, Zheng X. Oleanolic Acid Derived from Plants: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of A-ring Modified Derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200420115456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oleanolic Acid (OA) is a ubiquitous product of triterpenoid compounds.
Due to its inexpensive availability, unique bioactivities, pharmacological effects and non-toxic
properties, OA has attracted tremendous interest in the field of drug design and synthesis. Furthermore,
many OA derivatives have been developed for ameliorating the poor water solubility and bioavailability.
Objective:
Over the past few decades, various modifications of the OA framework structure have led
to the observation of enhancement in bioactivity. Herein, we focused on the synthesis and medicinal
performance of OA derivatives modified on A-ring. Moreover, we clarified the relationship between
structures and activities of OA derivatives with different functional groups in A-ring. The future application
of OA in the field of drug design and development also was discussed and inferred.
Conclusion:
This review concluded the novel achievements that could add paramount information
to the further study of OA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zehua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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UZUNER B, KETENCİ S, SALBAŞ E. Diyabetik Nöropatiye Genel Yaklaşım. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2020. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.788960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Srilatha K, Reddy KP. Sciatic Nerve Structural and Functional Recovery with Extract of Phyllanthus amarus and Esculetin in STZ-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats. Ann Neurosci 2020; 26:17-29. [PMID: 32843829 PMCID: PMC7418574 DOI: 10.1177/0972753120911840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes-instigated nerve damage is a chronic complication including impaired peripheral nerve function with lowered nerve conduction velocity (NCV), demyelination of nerve fibres and alterations in the behaviour. Many clinical and experimental studies have proved that Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin have potential effects against various diseases. Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the neuroprotective role of hydro-ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amaras (PAE) and esculetin (ESC) on NCV, metabolism, behavioural and structural changes in diabetic rats. Methods: The extent of protection using PAE and ESC in diabetic rats was determined by checking the HbA1c, NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), total calcium, protein content, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, acetylcholine content and behavioural alterations using rotarod and maze learning tests on 7, 14 and 21 days. NCV was measured on the 21st day. Results: The diabetic rats showed increased HbA1c, nitrite, MPO, calcium and decreased protein, Na+-K+ ATPase activity, NCV, acetylcholine, behavioural alterations and morphological changes of sciatic nerve so that diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is manifested. Continuous treatment for three weeks with Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin significantly minimized the damage to axons and myelin sheath and enhanced the sciatic NCV by reversing all the mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Phyllanthus amarus and esculetin showed the anti-diabetic as well as anti-inflammatory characteristics by prevention of initiation of adverse processes of the sciatic nerve morphology, internal cell functions leading to improved coordination, behavioural and physiological functions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. PAE has shown similar effects with the ESC. However, further studies are essential to confirm their detailed therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Srilatha
- Department of Zoology, Neuroscience Lab, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karnati Pratap Reddy
- Department of Zoology, Neuroscience Lab, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Beneficial effects of polysaccharide-rich extracts from Apocynum venetum leaves on hypoglycemic and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Fink B, Coppey L, Davidson E, Shevalye H, Obrosov A, Chheda PR, Kerns R, Sivitz W, Yorek M. Effect of mitoquinone (Mito-Q) on neuropathic endpoints in an obese and type 2 diabetic rat model. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:311-318. [PMID: 32326763 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1754409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine whether the addition of mitoquinone (Mito-Q) in the diet is an effective treatment for peripheral neuropathy in animal models of diet-induced obesity (pre-diabetes) and type 2 diabetes. Unlike other anti-oxidative stress compounds investigated as a treatment for peripheral neuropathy, Mito-Q specifically targets mitochondria. Although mito-Q has been shown to reduce oxidative stress generated by mitochondria there have been no studies performed of the effect of Mito-Q on peripheral neuropathy induced by diet-induced obesity or type 2 diabetes. Diet-induced obese (12 weeks after high fat diet) or type 2 diabetic rats (12 weeks of high fat diet and 4 weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia) were treated via the diet with Mito-Q (0.93 g/kg diet) for 12 weeks. Afterwards, glucose utilization, vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles to acetylcholine and peripheral neuropathy related endpoints were examined. The addition of Mito-Q to the diets of obese and diabetic rats improved motor and/or sensory nerve conduction velocity, cornea and intraepidermal nerve fibre density, cornea sensitivity and thermal nociception. Surprisingly, treating obese and diabetic rats with Mito-Q did not improve glucose utilization or vascular reactivity by epineurial arterioles to acetylcholine. These studies imply that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to peripheral neuropathy in animal models of pre-diabetes and late-stage type 2 diabetes. However, improvement in peripheral neuropathy following treatment with Mito-Q was not associated with improvement in glucose utilization or vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles to acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Fink
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lawrence Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric Davidson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander Obrosov
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Robert Kerns
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William Sivitz
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Zhang BY, Zhang YL, Sun Q, Zhang PA, Wang XX, Xu GY, Hu J, Zhang HH. Alpha-lipoic acid downregulates TRPV1 receptor via NF-κB and attenuates neuropathic pain in rats with diabetes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:762-772. [PMID: 32175676 PMCID: PMC7298987 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a refractory complication of diabetes. The study aimed to investigate the role of α‐lipoic acid (ALA) on the regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with diabetes. Methods Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were employed to measure neuronal excitability in DiI‐labeled DRG neurons of control and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the expression and location of NF‐κBp65 and TRPV1. Results STZ‐induced hindpaw pain hypersensitivity and neuronal excitability in L4‐6 DRG neurons were attenuated by intraperitoneal injection with ALA once a day lasted for one week. TRPV1 expression was enhanced in L4‐6 DRGs of diabetic rats compared with age‐matched control rats, which was also suppressed by ALA treatment. In addition, TRPV1 and p65 colocated in the same DRG neurons. The expression of p65 was upregulated in L4‐6 DRGs of diabetic rats. Inhibition of p65 signaling using recombinant lentiviral vectors designated as LV‐NF‐κBp65 siRNA remarkably suppressed TRPV1 expression. Finally, p65 expression was downregulated by ALA treatment. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that ALA may alleviate neuropathic pain in diabetes by regulating TRPV1 expression via affecting NF‐κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping-An Zhang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xi-Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Sodium nitrate preconditioning prevents progression of the neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetes Wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:105-113. [PMID: 32550160 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of low dose sodium nitrate preconditioning on the peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (no intervention), control treated sodium nitrate (100 mg/L in drinking water), diabetic (no intervention), diabetic treated NPH insulin (2-4 U), and diabetic treated sodium nitrate (100 mg/L in drinking water). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). All interventions were done for 60 days immediately following diabetes confirmation. Thermal and mechanical algesia thresholds were measured by means of hot-plate test, von Frey test, and tail-withdrawal test before the diabetic induction and after diabetes confirmation. At the end of the experiment, serum NOx level and serum insulin level were assessed. Blood glucose concentration and body weight have recorded at the base and duration of the experiment. Results Both hypoalgesia, hyperalgesia along with allodynia developed in diabetic rats. Significant alterations including, decrease in tail withdrawal latency (30th day), decreased mechanical threshold (60th day), and an increase in hot plate latency (61st day) were displayed in diabetic rats compared to control rats. Nitrate and insulin preconditioning produced protective effects against diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy. Data analysis also showed a significant increase in glucose level as well as a considerable reduction in serum insulin and body weight of diabetic rats, which restored by both insulin and nitrate preconditioning. Conclusion Sodium nitrate preconditioning produces a protective effect in diabetic neuropathy, which may be mediated by its antihyperglycemic effects and increased serum insulin level.
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Huang Y, Chi J, Wei F, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Wang Y. Mitochondrial DNA: A New Predictor of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3650937. [PMID: 32733553 PMCID: PMC7378596 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3650937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease, and diagnosis and treatment in time can help delay its progress. At present, there are more and more studies on the pathogenesis of DKD; mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in DKD. The occurrence and development of DKD is closely related to epigenetic changes and the interaction between mtDNA, ROS, inflammatory factors, and endothelial damage, which continuously aggravates kidney. The change of mtDNA is both the cause of DKD and the result of DKD. It is of great significance to incorporate the change of mtDNA into the monitoring of patients with diabetes. Existing evidence indicates that changes in mtDNA copy number in blood and urine reflect mitochondrial dysfunction and the severity of DKD. However, large-scale, long-term follow-up clinical trials are still needed to determine the threshold range. By the time, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants will become a new method for the treatment of DKD and other diabetic complications; mtDNA also can be a therapeutic target for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jingwei Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fanxiang Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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