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Deng MY, Cheng J, Gao N, Li XY, Liu H, Wang YX. Dexamethasone attenuates neuropathic pain through spinal microglial expression of dynorphin A via the cAMP/PKA/p38 MAPK/CREB signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:36-50. [PMID: 38555991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the opioid mechanisms underlying dexamethasone-induced pain antihypersensitive effects in neuropathic rats. Dexamethasone (subcutaneous and intrathecal) and membrane-impermeable Dex-BSA (intrathecal) administration dose-dependently inhibited mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats. Dexamethasone and Dex-BSA treatments increased expression of dynorphin A in the spinal cords and primary cultured microglia. Dexamethasone specifically enhanced dynorphin A expression in microglia but not astrocytes or neurons. Intrathecal injection of the microglial metabolic inhibitor minocycline blocked dexamethasone-stimulated spinal dynorphin A expression; intrathecal minocycline, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Dex-21-mesylate, dynorphin A antiserum, and κ-opioid receptor antagonist GNTI completely blocked dexamethasone-induced mechanical antiallodynia and thermal antihyperalgesia. Additionally, dexamethasone elevated spinal intracellular cAMP levels, leading to enhanced phosphorylation of PKA, p38 MAPK and CREB. The specific adenylate cyclase inhibitor DDA, PKA inhibitor H89, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and CREB inhibitor KG-501 completely blocked dexamethasone-induced anti-neuropathic pain and increased microglial dynorphin A exprression. In conclusion, this study reveal that dexamethasone mitigateds neuropathic pain through upregulation of dynorphin A in spinal microglia, likely involving the membrane glucocorticoid receptor/cAMP/PKA/p38 MAPK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yan Deng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin-Yan Li
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Ma M. Strategies to enhance the ability of nerve guidance conduits to promote directional nerve growth. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38582838 PMCID: PMC10998375 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Severely damaged peripheral nerves will regenerate incompletely due to lack of directionality in their regeneration, leading to loss of nerve function. To address this problem, various nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been developed to provide guidance for nerve repair. However, their clinical application is still limited, mainly because its effect in promoting nerve repair is not as good as autologous nerve transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the ability of NGCs to promote directional nerve growth. Strategies include preparing various directional structures on NGCs to provide contact guidance, and loading various substances on them to provide electrical stimulation or neurotrophic factor concentration gradient to provide directional physical or biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhang
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Muyuan Ma
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Hafez SMNA, Abdelhafez ESMN. The possible protective effect of l-cysteine in a rat model of sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion: A possible role for NRF1 and Caspase 3; Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102412. [PMID: 38460773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Organ damage brought on by ischemia is exacerbated by the reperfusion process. L-cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid that acts as a substrate for cystathionine-β-synthase in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of L- cysteine against the structural and biochemical changes that occur in the rat sciatic nerve after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and to address some of the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Rats were divided into 4 groups: sham, l-cysteine, I/R, and l-cysteine- I/R groups. Specimens of sciatic nerve were processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment. The results showed in I/R group, a significant increase in malondialdehyde with a significant decrease in both Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) and superoxide dismutase levels. Moreover, with histological alteration. There was a significant increase in the mean surface area fraction of anti-caspase immunopositive cells as well as a significantdecrease in mean surface area fraction of anti-CD 34 immunopositive cells. In contrast, the l-cysteine- I/R group showed amelioration of these biochemical, structural, and immunohistochemical changes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showed the protective effects of l-cysteine in sciatic nerve I/R via NRF1and caspase 3 modulation as well as telocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - El-Shimaa M N Abdelhafez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Minia 61111, Egypt.
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Park JY, Lee MJ, Kim HJ, Nam JW. Evaluation of peripheral nerve injury according to the severity of damage using 18F-FDG PET/MRI in a rat Model of sciatic nerve injury. Neurol Res 2024; 46:356-366. [PMID: 38402903 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2321774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We ascertained that the PET scan may be a valuable imaging modality for the noninvasive, objective diagnosis of neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injury through the previous study. This study aimed to assess peripheral nerve damage according to severity using18F-FDG PET/MRI of the rat sciatic nerve. METHODS Eighteen rats were divided into three groups: 30-second (G1), 2-minute (G2), and 5-minute (G3) crushing injuries. The severity of nerve damage was measured in the third week after the crushing injury using three methods: the paw withdrawal threshold test (RevWT), standardized uptake values on PET (SUVR), and intensity analysis on immunohistochemistry (IntR). RESULTS There were significant differences between G1 and G3 in both SUVR and IntR (p = 0.012 and 0.029, respectively), and no significant differences in RevWT among the three groups (p = 0.438). There was a significant difference in SUVR (p = 0.012), but no significant difference in IntR between G1 and G2 (p = 0.202). There was no significant difference between G2 and G3 in SUVR and IntR (p = 0.810 and 0.544, respectively). DISCUSSION Although PET did not show results consistent with those of immunohistochemistry in all respects, this study demonstrated that PET uptake tended to increase with severe nerve damage. If this research is supplemented by further experiments, PET/MRI can be used as an effective diagnostic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeol Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jee Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Nam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sanbon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si, Republic of Korea
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Reinhold AK, Hartmannsberger B, Burek M, Rittner HL. Stabilizing the neural barrier - A novel approach in pain therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108484. [PMID: 37390969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and neuropathic pain are a widespread burden. Incomplete understanding of underlying pathomechanisms is one crucial factor for insufficient treatment. Recently, impairment of the blood nerve barrier (BNB) has emerged as one key aspect of pain initiation and maintenance. In this narrative review, we discuss several mechanisms and putative targets for novel treatment strategies. Cells such as pericytes, local mediators like netrin-1 and specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), will be covered as well as circulating factors including the hormones cortisol and oestrogen and microRNAs. They are crucial in either the BNB or similar barriers and associated with pain. While clinical studies are still scarce, these findings might provide valuable insight into mechanisms and nurture development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Reinhold
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beate Hartmannsberger
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Rittner
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Elhessy HM, Habotta OA, Eldesoqui M, Elsaed WM, Soliman MFM, Sewilam HM, Elhassan YH, Lashine NH. Comparative neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin, dexamethasone, and ascorbic acid on sciatic nerve injury model: Behavioral and histopathological study. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1090738. [PMID: 36816518 PMCID: PMC9928760 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of the suggested experimental modalities for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) result in varying degrees of recovery in animal models; however, there are not many reliable clinical pharmacological treatment models available. To alleviate PNI complications, research on approaches to accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration is encouraged. Cerebrolysin, dexamethasone, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) drug models were selected in our study because of their reported curative effects of different mechanisms of action. Methodology A total of 40 adult male albino rats were used in this study. Sciatic nerve crush injury was induced in 32 rats, which were divided equally into four groups (model, Cerebrolysin, dexamethasone, and vitamin C groups) and compared to the sham group (n = 8). The sciatic nerve sensory and motor function regeneration after crushing together with gastrocnemius muscle histopathological changes were evaluated by the sciatic function index, the hot plate test, gastrocnemius muscle mass ratio, and immune expression of S100 and apoptosis cascade (BAX, BCL2, and BAX/BCL2 ratio). Results Significant improvement of the behavioral status and histopathological assessment scores occurred after the use of Cerebrolysin (as a neurotrophic factor), dexamethasone (as an anti-inflammatory), and vitamin C (as an antioxidant). Despite these seemingly concomitant, robust behavioral and pathological changes, vitamin C appeared to have the best results among the three main outcome measures. There was a positive correlation between motor and sensory improvement and also between behavioral and histopathological changes, boosting the effectiveness, and implication of the sciatic function index as a mirror for changes occurring on the tissue level. Conclusion Vitamin C is a promising therapeutic in the treatment of PNI. The sciatic function index (SFI) test is a reliable accurate method for assessing sciatic nerve integrity after both partial disruption and regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Elhessy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,*Correspondence: Heba M. Elhessy,
| | - Ola A. Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael M. Elsaed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona F. M. Soliman
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haitham M. Sewilam
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Y. H. Elhassan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermeen H. Lashine
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Saettele AL, Wong HTC, Kindt KS, Warchol ME, Sheets L. Prolonged Dexamethasone Exposure Enhances Zebrafish Lateral-Line Regeneration But Disrupts Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Hair Cell Function. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2022; 23:683-700. [PMID: 36261670 PMCID: PMC9789251 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone is commonly used to treat inner ear disorders. Previous work in larval zebrafish has shown that dexamethasone treatment enhances hair cell regeneration, yet dexamethasone has also been shown to inhibit regeneration of peripheral nerves after lesion. We therefore used the zebrafish model to determine the impact of dexamethasone treatment on lateral-line hair cells and primary afferents. To explore dexamethasone in the context of regeneration, we used copper sulfate (CuSO4) to induce hair cell loss and retraction of nerve terminals, and then allowed animals to recover in dexamethasone for 48 h. Consistent with previous work, we observed significantly more regenerated hair cells in dexamethasone-treated larvae. Importantly, we found that the afferent processes beneath neuromasts also regenerated in the presence of dexamethasone and formed an appropriate number of synapses, indicating that innervation of hair cells was not inhibited by dexamethasone. In addition to regeneration, we also explored the effects of prolonged dexamethasone exposure on lateral-line homeostasis and function. Following dexamethasone treatment, we observed hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm) in neuromast hair cells and supporting cells. Hair cells exposed to dexamethasone were also more vulnerable to neomycin-induced cell death. In response to a fluid-jet delivered saturating stimulus, calcium influx through hair cell mechanotransduction channels was significantly reduced, yet presynaptic calcium influx was unchanged. Cumulatively, these observations indicate that dexamethasone enhances hair cell regeneration in lateral-line neuromasts, yet also disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, making hair cells more vulnerable to ototoxic insults and possibly impacting hair cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Saettele
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hiu-Tung C Wong
- Section On Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section On Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institutes On Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Akkaya S, Ogden M, Kartal B, Say B, Ceylan AF, Aydemir Akkaya M, Bakar B. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of calcium dobesilate in sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Injury 2022; 53:3624-3635. [PMID: 36070970 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proinflammatory cytokines released from nerve endings and surrounding injured tissue after nerve damage can prolong the inflammation process, delay nerve healing or result in poor quality nerve healing. In this case, due to the loss of function in the muscles innervated by the damaged nerve, the patient may have neurological and functional difficulties which may reduce the patient's quality of life and create an economic burden. Although the attempts of many pharmacological agents to heal crush injury of peripheral nerves have been recorded in literature, a drug that can provide adequate recovery of the crushed nerve and can be applied in daily life has not been defined as yet. This study aimed to assess the effects of calcium dobesilate on sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model. METHODS A total of 26 male Wistar albino rats were separated into four groups as follows: CONTROL group (healthy subjects, n=6); SHAM group (crush injury was created, n=6); MP group (after created crush injury, methylprednisolone was administered, n=7); and CAD group (after created crush injury, calcium dobesilate was administered, n=7). A crush injury was created, then the electrophysiological findings and sciatic nerve functional index (SFI) were recorded before euthanasia. After the euthanasia of all the rats, samples of the crushed nerve and gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and biochemically. RESULTS Both pharmacological agents were histopathologically effective in axon regeneration and repair. Calcium dobesilate did not preserve total muscle mass but was seen to prevent atrophy microscopically. Immunohistochemistry and biochemistry results showed that calcium dobesilate and methylprednisolone had anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic activity in the crushed sciatic nerve. Neither calcium dobesilate nor methylprednisolone improved the nerve conductance level. SFI values obtained on day 30 from the CAD group were numerically closer to the values of the healthy animals but not at a statistically significant level. CONCLUSION The study results demonstrated that calcium dobesilate could suppress inflammatory processes and provide histopathological and functional improvements in the injured nerve in rats. Therefore, further clinical studies are recommended to investigate in detail the therapeutic effects of calcium dobesilate on peripheral nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Akkaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Van Education and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ogden
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kartal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Say
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Aslı Fahriye Ceylan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Bulent Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
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Suh MR, Song JH, Park Y, Lee SH, Ahn J. Case report: Traumatic median neuropathy in the distal forearm after massage therapy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:959919. [PMID: 36212666 PMCID: PMC9532526 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.959919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Median nerve damage caused by trauma is rare, especially after the massage therapy. There have been no reports of median neuropathy in the distal forearm following massage therapy. A 61-year-old man developed paresthesia and numbness in the right hand after two sessions of massage therapy. Electrophysiologic studies, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to localize and confirm the median nerve lesion in the distal forearm. Ultrasound-guided perineural steroid injection and oral pregabalin were administered. At the 1-month follow-up, more than 80% of the sensory symptoms had resolved, and the results of the sensory nerve conduction study and ultrasound showed improvement. Although massage-induced mononeuropathy is uncommon, massage therapy should be performed carefully to avoid complications.
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Adler M, Pellett S, Sharma SK, Lebeda FJ, Dembek ZF, Mahan MA. Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050886. [PMID: 35630331 PMCID: PMC9148055 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of blood flow to regenerating nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adler
- Neuroscience Department, Medical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 8350 Ricketts Point Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-436-1913
| | - Sabine Pellett
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Shashi K. Sharma
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Frank J. Lebeda
- Biotechnology, Protein Bioinformatics, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Advanced Academic Programs, 9601 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Zygmunt F. Dembek
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 3154 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Mark A. Mahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Utah, 175 N Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
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Zhang G, Huang J, Hao S, Zhang J, Zhou N. Radix Astragalus Polysaccharide Accelerates Angiogenesis by Activating AKT/eNOS to Promote Nerve Regeneration and Functional Recovery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838647. [PMID: 35431954 PMCID: PMC9010722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) results in loss of neural control and severe disabilities in patients. Promoting functional nerve recovery by accelerating angiogenesis is a promising neuroprotective treatment strategy. Here, we identified a bioactive Radix Astragalus polysaccharide (RAP) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a potent enhancer of axonal regeneration and remyelination. Notably, RAP promoted functional recovery and delayed gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury. Further, RAP treatment may induce angiogenesis in vivo. Moreover, our in vitro results showed that RAP promotes endothelial cell (EC) migration and tube formation. Altogether, our results show that RAP can enhance functional recovery by accelerating angiogenesis, which was probably related to the activation of AKT/eNOS signaling pathway, thereby providing a polysaccharide-based therapeutic strategy for PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Hao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Zhou, ; Jingchao Zhang,
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Zhou, ; Jingchao Zhang,
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12
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Hamad MN, Boroda N, Echenique DB, Dieter RA, Amirouche FML, Gonzalez MH, Kerns JM. Compound Motor Action Potentials During a Modest Nerve Crush. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:798203. [PMID: 35431816 PMCID: PMC9005805 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.798203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve crush injury results in axonotmesis, characterized by disruption of axons and their myelin sheaths with relative sparing of the nerve’s connective tissue. Despite the widespread use of crush injury models, no standardized method for producing these lesions has been established. We characterize a crush model in which a narrow forceps is used to induce a modest and controlled compressive injury. The instantaneous compound motor action potential (CMAP) is monitored in situ and in real-time, allowing the characterization of neuromuscular response during and after injury. The tibial nerves of 11 anesthetized rats were surgically isolated. After the placement of electrodes, CMAPs were elicited and registered using a modular-data-acquisition system. Dumont-#5 micro-forceps were instrumented with a force transducer allowing force measurement via a digital sensor. Baseline CMAPs were recorded prior to crush and continued for the duration of the experiment. Nerve crushing commenced by gradually increasing the force applied to the forceps. At a target decrease in CMAP amplitude of 70%–90%, crushing was halted. CMAPs were continually recorded for 5–20 min after the termination of the crushing event. Nerves were then fixed for histological assessment. The following post-crush mean values from 19 trials were reported: peak CMAP amplitude decreased by 81.6% from baseline, duration of crush was 17 sec, rate of applied force was 0.03 N/sec, and maximal applied force was 0.5 N. A variety of agonal phenomena were evident post-lesion. Following the initial decrease in CMAP, 8 of 19 trials demonstrated a partial and transient recovery, followed by a further decline. Thirteen trials exhibited a CMAP amplitude near zero at the end of the recording. Twelve trials demonstrated a superimposed EMG background response during and after the crush event, with disappearance occurring within 4–8 min. Qualitative histology assessment at the lesion site demonstrated a correspondence between CMAP response and partial sparing of nerve fibers. By using a targeted decline in CMAP amplitude as the endpoint, researchers may be able to produce controlled, brief, and reproducible crush injuries. This model can also be used to test interventions aimed at enhancing subsequent regeneration and behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nazmy Hamad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nickolas Boroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Raymond A. Dieter
- Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital Research Service, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Farid M. L. Amirouche
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark H. Gonzalez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - James M. Kerns
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: James M. Kerns
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Hilliard R, Haines G, Lillich J. Post‐partum paralysis following dystocia in a miniature horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hilliard
- Pilchuck Equine Hospital Snohomish Washington USA
| | - G. Haines
- Pilchuck Equine Hospital Snohomish Washington USA
| | - J. Lillich
- Pilchuck Equine Hospital Snohomish Washington USA
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14
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Yoo MC, Ryu IY, Choi JW, Lee JM, Byun JY, Yeo SG. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 Expression and Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Recovery in a Rat Model of Facial Nerve Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020291. [PMID: 35203501 PMCID: PMC8868592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NOX2 (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2), which is upregulated by a variety of neurodegenerative factors, is neuroprotective and capable of reducing detrimental aspects of pathology following ischemic and traumatic brain injury, as well as in chronic neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate NOX2 expression and the degree of functional recovery following different types of facial nerve injury and assess the effects of antioxidant intervention on nerve regeneration. Methods: A total of 40 mature (6-week-old) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. After inducing facial injury (compression injury or cutting injury), we randomized rats into four groups: A, crushing injury only; B, crushing injury with alpha lipoic acid (ALA); C, axotomy only; and D, axotomy with ALA. Recovery from facial nerve injury was evaluated 4 and 14 days after injury by performing behavioral assessments (observational scale of vibrissae movement, modified scale of eye closing and blinking reflex) and measuring changes in NOX2 experimental/control ratio in the injured (left, experimental) facial nerve relative to that in the uninjured (right, control) facial nerve. Results: A comparison between groups according to the type of injury showed a higher NOX2 expression ratio in the axotomy group than in the crushing group (p < 0.001). Regardless of injury type, both groups that received an injection of ALA exhibited a trend toward a higher NOX2 expression ratio, although this difference reached statistical significance only in the axotomy group (p < 0.001). In behavioral assessments, overall behavioral test scores were significantly higher in the crushing injury group immediately after the injury compared with that in the axotomy group. Additionally, in behavioral tests conducted 4 days after the crushing injury, the group injected with ALA showed better results than the group without injection of ALA (p = 0.031). Conclusions: Our study showed that NOX2 expression trended higher with facial nerve injury, exhibiting a significant increase with cutting-type injury. Furthermore, intraperitoneally injection with ALA may be an efficient strategy for accelerating peripheral facial nerve recovery after a crushing injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - In Yong Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.Y.R.); (J.M.L.); (J.Y.B.)
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.Y.R.); (J.M.L.); (J.Y.B.)
| | - Jae Yong Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.Y.R.); (J.M.L.); (J.Y.B.)
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.Y.R.); (J.M.L.); (J.Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-8980; Fax: +82-2-958-8470
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15
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Delibas B, Kuruoglu E, Bereket MC, Onger ME. Allantoin, a purine metabolite, enhances peripheral nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury in rats: A stereological and immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102002. [PMID: 34242746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Following peripheral nerve injury, in addition to axonal and myelin degeneration, a sharp increase is observed in cell numbers, especially Schwann cells, in the distal part of the injury. This study investigated the effect of allantoin, involved in purine catabolism, on the reactions occurring in the lesion area. MATERIAL AND METHOD An experimental sciatic nerve injury model was established with the application of pressure at 50 Newtons for 5 s to the right sciatic nerves of experimental animals following visualization with the help of pliers. Allantoin was administered to the test groups via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route (10 mg/kg), at the same time every day for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 30 days, following electromyography and Sciatic Function Index tests. Myelinated/unmyelinated axon numbers were evaluated stereologically. Myelin sheath thickness, axon diameter, mitotic activity, and functional improvement in muscles in this peripheral nerve degeneration model were investigated. The test results were then subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS Allantoin was observed to exhibit curative effects in terms of function, although stereological tests revealed no morphological differences. CONCLUSION The i.p. administration of allantoin may have a beneficial effect on nerve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Delibas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Enis Kuruoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cihan Bereket
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Onger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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16
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Abe N, Nishihara T, Yorozuya T, Tanaka J. Microglia and Macrophages in the Pathological Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092132. [PMID: 32967118 PMCID: PMC7563796 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS), have long been studied as pathologically deteriorating players in various CNS diseases. However, microglia exert ameliorating neuroprotective effects, which prompted us to reconsider their roles in CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathophysiology. Moreover, recent findings showed that microglia play critical roles even in the healthy CNS. The microglial functions that normally contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS are modified by other cells, such as astrocytes and infiltrated myeloid cells; thus, the microglial actions on neurons are extremely complex. For a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of various diseases, including those of the PNS, it is important to understand microglial functioning. In this review, we discuss both the favorable and unfavorable roles of microglia in neuronal survival in various CNS and PNS disorders. We also discuss the roles of blood-borne macrophages in the pathogenesis of CNS and PNS injuries because they cooperatively modify the pathological processes of resident microglia. Finally, metabolic changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, with special reference to the pro-/anti-inflammatory activation of microglia, are intensively addressed, because they are profoundly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species and changes in pro-/anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Abe
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (N.A.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tasuku Nishihara
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (N.A.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-960-5383; Fax: +81-89-960-5386
| | - Toshihiro Yorozuya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan; (N.A.); (T.Y.)
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan;
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17
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Lee JI, Hur JM, You J, Lee DH. Functional recovery with histomorphometric analysis of nerves and muscles after combination treatment with erythropoietin and dexamethasone in acute peripheral nerve injury. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238208. [PMID: 32881928 PMCID: PMC7470391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often leads to significant functional loss in patients and poses a challenge to physicians since treatment options for improving functional outcomes are limited. Recent studies suggest that erythropoietin and glucocoticoids have beneficial effects as mediators of neuro-regenerative processes. We hypothesized that combination treatment with erythropoietin and glucocoticoids would have a synergistic effect on functional outcome after PNI. Materials and methods Sciatic nerve crush injury was simulated in ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. The mice were divided into four groups according to the type of drugs administered (control, erythropoietin, dexamethasone, and erythropoietin with dexamethasone). Motor functional recovery was monitored by walking track analysis at serial time points up to 28 days after injury. Morphological analysis of the nerve was performed by immunofluorescent staining for neurofilament (NF) heavy chain and myelin protein zero (P0) in cross-sectional and whole-mount nerve preparations. Additionally, morphological analysis of the muscle was performed by Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Combination treatment with erythropoietin and dexamethasone significantly improved the sciatic functional index at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after injury. Fluorescence microscopy of cross sectional nerve revealed that the combination treatment increased the ratio of P0/NF-expressing axons. Furthermore, confocal microscopy of the whole-mount nerve revealed that the combination treatment increased the fluorescence intensity of P0 expression. The cross-sectional area and minimum Feret’s diameter of the muscle fibers were significantly larger in the mice which received combination treatment than those in the controls. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that combination treatment with erythropoietin and dexamethasone accelerates functional recovery and reduces neurogenic muscle atrophy caused by PNI in mice, which may be attributed to the preservation of myelin and Schwann cell re-myelination. These findings may provide practical therapeutic options for patients with acute PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Il Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeong Min Hur
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - Jooyoung You
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - Duk Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Women's University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Vest M, Guida A, Colombini C, Cordes K, Pena D, Maki M, Briones M, Antonio S, Hollifield C, Tian E, James L, Borashan C, Woodson J, Rovig J, Shihadeh H, Karabachev A, Brosious J, Pistorio A. Closing the Gap Between Mammalian and Invertebrate Peripheral Nerve Injury: Protocol for a Novel Nerve Repair. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18706. [PMID: 32851981 PMCID: PMC7484768 DOI: 10.2196/18706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries are poor despite current nerve repair techniques. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence that mammalian axons are capable of spontaneous fusion after transection. Notably, certain invertebrate species are able to auto-fuse after transection. Although mammalian axonal auto-fusion has not been observed experimentally, no mammalian study to date has demonstrated regenerating axolemmal membranes contacting intact distal segment axolemmal membranes to determine whether mammalian peripheral nerve axons have the intrinsic mechanisms necessary to auto-fuse after transection. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess fusion competence between regenerating axons and intact distal segment axons by enhancing axon regeneration, delaying Wallerian degeneration, limiting the immune response, and preventing myelin obstruction. METHODS This study will use a rat sciatic nerve model to evaluate the effects of a novel peripheral nerve repair protocol on behavioral, electrophysiologic, and morphologic parameters. This protocol consists of a variety of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions. Fusion will be assessed with electrophysiological conduction of action potentials across the repaired transection site. Axon-axon contact will be assessed with transmission electron microscopy. Behavioral recovery will be analyzed with the sciatic functional index. A total of 36 rats will be used for this study. The experimental group will use 24 rats and the negative control group will use 12 rats. For both the experimental and negative control groups, there will be both a behavior group and another group that will undergo electrophysiological and morphological analysis. The primary end point will be the presence or absence of action potentials across the lesion site. Secondary end points will include behavioral recovery with the sciatic functional index and morphological analysis of axon-axon contact between regenerating axons and intact distal segment axons. RESULTS The author is in the process of grant funding and institutional review board approval as of March 2020. The final follow-up will be completed by December 2021. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the efficacy of the proposed novel peripheral nerve repair protocol will be evaluated using behavioral and electrophysiologic parameters. The author believes this study will provide information regarding whether spontaneous axon fusion is possible in mammals under the proper conditions. This information could potentially be translated to clinical trials if successful to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve injury. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/18706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Vest
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Addison Guida
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Cory Colombini
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Kristina Cordes
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Diana Pena
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Marwa Maki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Michael Briones
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Sabrina Antonio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Carmen Hollifield
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Elli Tian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Lucas James
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Christian Borashan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Johnnie Woodson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - John Rovig
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Hanaa Shihadeh
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alexander Karabachev
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - John Brosious
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Ashley Pistorio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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19
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Darzian Rostami Z, Asghari A, Jahandideh A, Mortazavi P, Akbarzadeh A. Effect of Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Extract on Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2020; 75:249-256. [PMID: 32621455 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2019.124805.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve disorders are the most common neurological problems; therefore, it is important to intervene to treat or stop the resulting side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oat extract on experimental sciatic nerve injury in rats. Totally, 50 adult male rats were divided into five groups (n=10). Group 1 was exposed to sham condition, and group 2 was regarded as the control group (nerve injury without treatment). Moreover, groups 3-5 were subjected to sciatic nerve injury, and they received oral gavages of the oat extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), respectively. Subsequently, 2 and 4 weeks later, the rats were euthanized for pathological evaluation of nerve repair. The results showed an increase in the formation of the perineurium and epineurium dose in the oat-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), compared to the control group after 2 weeks (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the presence of inflammatory cells in the oat extract-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) decreased, compared to that in the control group after 2 weeks (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the swelling of the axon significantly decreased in the oat extract-treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg), compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). However, the axon dose-dependently increased in oat-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), compared to that in the control group after 4 weeks (P&lt;0.05). These results suggest that oat extract has positive effects on sciatic nerve repair in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Darzian Rostami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Mortazavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Akbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Haidar MK, Timur SS, Kazanci A, Turkoglu OF, Gürsoy RN, Nemutlu E, Sargon MF, Bodur E, Gök M, Ulubayram K, Öner L, Eroğlu H. Composite nanofibers incorporating alpha lipoic acid and atorvastatin provide neuroprotection after peripheral nerve injury in rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:1-13. [PMID: 32504798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the new treatment strategies within the last 30 years, peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is still a worldwide clinical problem. The incidence rate of PNIs is 1 in 1000 individuals per year. In this study, we designed a composite nanoplatform for dual therapy in peripheral nerve injury and investigated the in-vivo efficacy in rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was loaded into poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) electrospun nanofibers which would release the drug in a faster manner and atorvastatin (ATR) loaded chitosan (CH) nanoparticles were embedded into PLGA nanofibers to provide sustained release. Sciatic nerve crush was generated via Yasargil aneurism clip with a holding force of 50 g/cm2. Nanofiber formulations were administered to the injured nerve immediately after trauma. Functional recovery of operated rat hind limb was evaluated using the sciatic functional index (SFI), extensor postural thrust (EPT), withdrawal reflex latency (WRL) and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test up to one month in the post-operative period at different time intervals. In addition to functional recovery assessments, ultrastructural and biochemical analyses were carried out on regenerated nerve fibers. L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line and B35 neuroblastoma cell line were used to investigate the cytotoxicity of nanofibers before in-vivo experiments. The neuroprotection potential of these novel nanocomposite fiber formulations has been demonstrated after local implantation of composite nanofiber sheets incorporating ALA and ATR, which contributed to the recovery of the motor and sensory function and nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karim Haidar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Selin Seda Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Kazanci
- Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06810 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Turkoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, City Hospital, Turkish Republic Ministry of Health, 06810 Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Neslihan Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Atilim University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Bodur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Müslüm Gök
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Öner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eroğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Jahromi Z, Mohammadghasemi F, Moharrami Kasmaie F, Zaminy A. Cinnamaldehyde Enhanced Functional Recovery after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 209:43-53. [PMID: 32392570 DOI: 10.1159/000507016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical issue induced by trauma, tumor, and damage caused by treatment. Such factors create chemical and inflammatory alterations at the injury site, which increase nerve deterioration. Thus, minimizing these modifications can lead to nerve protection after injury. The present study sought to evaluate the possible improvement in nerve regeneration and enhancement of functional outcomes by cinnamaldehyde (Cin) administration following sciatic nerve crush in a rat model. Rats (n = 48) were distributed into 6 groups, including sham, injury, DMSO (vehicle group), and Cin groups (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg/day). Using small hemostatic forceps, crush injury was induced in the left sciatic nerve. Thereafter, Cin was administered for 28 successive days. Weekly records were taken for sciatic functional index (SFI) measurements. Further assessments including electrophysiological and histomorphometric evaluations, gastrocnemius muscle wet weight measurements, and estimation of the serum total oxidant status were performed. According to the results, Cin could accelerate sciatic nerve recovery after crush injury, and the dose of 30 mg/kg/day of Cin had better impacts on SFI recovery, muscle mass ratio, and myelin content. The current research demonstrated that Cin positively affects peripheral nerve restoration. Therefore, Cin therapy could be considered as a potential treatment method for peripheral nerve regeneration and its functional recovery. However, more investigations are required to further validate the study results and evaluate the optimal dose of Cin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jahromi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Mohammadghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Arash Zaminy
- Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,
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22
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Bartos A, Breazu CM, Bartos D, Mitre CI. Accidental Spinal Cord Injury Following an Attempted Thoracic Epidural for acute Pancreatitis Pain Management. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2020; 48:71-74. [PMID: 32076684 PMCID: PMC7001809 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2019.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of spinal cord injury following an attempted epidural in a conscious woman for pain management in acute pancreatitis. The epidural needle was inserted at the T11–T12 interspace. On the second attempt, dural puncture occurred. The patient did not complain of pain or discomfort during the procedure. Thirty-two hours after the attempted epidural, the patient was found to have motor deficit on her right lower limb. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a spinal haematoma with direct spinal cord injury. Post-laminectomy neurological recovery was slow but progressive. The possible causes for spinal cord injury and spinal haematoma without pain or paraesthesia during the procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bartos
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Caius-Mihai Breazu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Bartos
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Iosif Mitre
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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23
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Silveira EMS, Kroth A, Santos MCQ, Silva TCB, Silveira D, Riffel APK, Scheid T, Trapp M, Partata WA. Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8429. [PMID: 31314852 PMCID: PMC6644524 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze age-related changes to motor coordination, balance, spinal cord oxidative biomarkers in 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. The effects of low-intensity exercise on these parameters were also analyzed in 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were assessed for all rats. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass loss. Body weight increased until 24 months; only 30-month-old rats exhibited decreased blood glucose and increased total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio increased until 18 months, followed by a small decrease in old rats. Exercise did not change any of these parameters. Stride length and step length increased from adult to middle age, but decreased at old age. Stride width increased while the sciatic functional index decreased in old rats. Performance in the balance beam test declined with age. While gait did not change, balance improved after exercise. Aging increased superoxide anion generation, hydrogen peroxide levels, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity while total thiol decreased and lipid hydroperoxides did not change. Exercise did not significantly change this scenario. Thus, aging increased oxidative stress in the spinal cord, which may be associated with age-induced changes in gait and balance. Regular low-intensity exercise is a good alternative for improving age-induced changes in balance, while beneficial effects on gait and spinal cord oxidative biomarkers cannot be ruled out because of the small number of rats investigated (n=5 or 6/group).
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Affiliation(s)
- E M S Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - A Kroth
- Área de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - M C Q Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - T C B Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - D Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - A P K Riffel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - T Scheid
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - M Trapp
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - W A Partata
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Zhang DY, Yu K, Yang Z, Liu XZ, Ma XF, Li YX. Variation in expression of small ubiquitin-like modifiers in injured sciatic nerve of mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1455-1461. [PMID: 30964073 PMCID: PMC6524499 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) have been shown to regulate axonal regeneration, signal transduction, neuronal migration, and myelination, by covalently and reversibly attaching to the protein substrates during neuronal cell growth, development, and differentiation. It has not been reported whether SUMOs play a role in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. To investigate any association between SUMOylation and potential neuroprotective effects during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, C57/BL mice were randomly divided into sham and experimental groups. The sciatic nerve was exposed only in the sham group. The experimental group underwent neurotomy and epineurial neurorrhaphy. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results revealed different mRNA and protein expression levels of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in sciatic nerve tissue (containing both 5 mm of proximal and distal stumps at the injury site) at various time points after injury. Compared with the sham group, protein levels of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 increased in both their covalent and free states after sciatic nerve injury in the experimental group, especially in the covalent state. UBC9 protein levels showed similar changes to those of SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 in the covalent states. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 immunopositivities were higher in the experimental group than in the sham group. Our results verified that during the repair of sciatic nerve injury, the mRNA and protein expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3 and UBC9 in injured nerve tissues changed in varying patterns and there were clear changes in the expression of SUMO-related proteins. These findings reveal that SUMOs possibly play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, China (approval No. TJWZXLL2018041) on November 8, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Xia Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Uzun T, Toptas O, Saylan A, Carver H, Turkoglu SA. Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of Artesunate, Dexamethasone, and Tacrolimus on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 77:1092.e1-1092.e12. [PMID: 30689960 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of topical artesunate treatment on peripheral nerve regeneration and compare it with the effects of topical tacrolimus and dexamethasone on nerve regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 6 groups: sham, saline, petrolatum, artesunate, tacrolimus, and dexamethasone. A compression injury was generated in the right sciatic nerve in all groups except the sham group. In the sham group, the nerve was dissected but compression was not applied. In the groups in which compression was applied, the agents were absorbed through resorbable gelatin sponges applied to the injured region. At the end of 4 weeks, walking analysis, electromyographic measurements, and histopathologic examinations were conducted. RESULTS When the sciatic function index and electrophysiologic measurements were evaluated, artesunate, tacrolimus, and dexamethasone exhibited positive effects on nerve regeneration (P < .05); there were no significant differences among these 3 agents (P > .05). Histopathologic examination showed that artesunate decreased fibrosis scores and inflammation and increased the diameter of myelinated axons; tacrolimus decreased fibroblast scores; and dexamethasone only decreased fibrosis scores (P < .05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the artesunate and dexamethasone groups had more positive immunoreactivity to nerve growth factor than did the saline group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Topical artesunate treatment had a positive effect on peripheral nerve regeneration. There were no relevant differences between the topical forms of dexamethasone and tacrolimus for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugcenur Uzun
- Private Practitioner, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Samsun, Turkey. tugce--
| | - Orcun Toptas
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Saylan
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hande Carver
- Research Assistant, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sule Aydın Turkoglu
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Samsun, Turkey
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Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans Extract Suppresses Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5057372. [PMID: 30647762 PMCID: PMC6311788 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5057372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Sciatic nerve injury develops from a variety of pathological causes, including traumatic injury and neuroinflammatory disorders, which are accompanied by pathological changes that have a critical impact on neuropathic pain and locomotor activity. Extracts of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (SSM) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a wide range of neuropathic diseases, including lower back pain, peripheral neuropathy, and sciatic nerve injury. Although SSM shows anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticonvulsant activities, its diverse mechanisms of action remain unclear. Thus, the present study examined the effects of SSM in vitro and in vivo. Methods To estimate the anti-inflammatory effects of SSM, inflammatory conditions were induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, and inflammatory-related factors were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting analyses. Sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI) was induced in rats using a surgical clip instrument. The effects of SSM in the SNCI model were evaluated in behavioral tests by calculating the sciatic functional index (SFI) and measuring thermal hyperalgesia sensitivity and by monitoring inflammatory factors expression in western blotting analyses. Results We observed the anti-inflammatory effects of SSM treatment both in vitro and in vivo. The PGE2 and NO production were suppressed by SSM. Protein analyses indicated that expression of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα were suppressed by SSM treatment. In addition, the levels of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 expression were reduced by SSM treatment in RAW 264.7 cells and in the SNCI-induced animals. In behavioral studies, SSM treatment enhanced the SFI and improved the thermal sensitivity test results. Conclusions Our results suggest that SSM suppresses the production of inflammatory factors via the NF-κB pathway and accelerates the morphological and functional recovery of the peripheral nervous system. Hence, SSM may be a useful therapeutic candidate for treatment of neuropathic pain diseases.
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Alvites R, Rita Caseiro A, Santos Pedrosa S, Vieira Branquinho M, Ronchi G, Geuna S, Varejão AS, Colette Maurício A. Peripheral nerve injury and axonotmesis: State of the art and recent advances. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1466404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Alvites
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Caseiro
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (REQUIMTE/LAQV), R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vieira Branquinho
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Artur S.P. Varejão
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Ospedale San Luigi, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana Colette Maurício
- Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente (ICETA) da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Current strategies for promoting faster and more effective peripheral nerve healing have utilized a wide variety of techniques and approaches. Nerve grafts, conduits, and stem cell therapy all have their respective advantages. However, there are still some difficulties in attaining complete functional recovery with a single treatment modality. The utilization of adjuvant treatments, in combination with current standard-of-care methods, offers the potential to improve patient outcomes. This paper highlights the current landscape of adjuvant treatments for enhancing peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
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Effect of vitamins B 1, B 6, and B 12 (Neurobion) on Diisopropylfluorophosphate-induced Delayed Neuropathy in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2018; 17:1116-1124. [PMID: 30127834 PMCID: PMC6094411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Certain organophosphorus esters, such as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), cause delayed neuropathy by inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) keeping the neuron in normal function. In this study, effects of neurobion alone and in combination with dexamethasone on DFP-induced delayed neuropathy were evaluated. Thirty-five mice were divided into five groups, each consisting of 7 mice. Except group1 (Normal group), group 2 received normal saline and 1h later, 1 mg/kg DFP; groups 3, 4 and 5 received 150 mg/kg neurobion, 2 mg/kg dexamethasone and 150 mg/kg neurobion plus 2 mg/kg dexamethasone, respectively and 1h later 1mg/kg DFP. Twenty one days after the last injection, the mice were killed by decapitation under deep anesthesia. NTE level was determined in the brain and though there was no significant difference between the groups, neurobion and neurobion plus dexamethasone partly- not significantly (p > 0.05)- were able to prevent reduction of NTE in the brain caused by DFP. Histopathological evaluation of sciatic nerves showed that neurobion and neurobion plus dexamethasone significantly suppressed the harmful effect of DFP. We also evaluated the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), concentration of glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum. Results showed dexamethasone (p < 0.001) and dexamethasone in combination with neurobion (p < 0.01) diminished AChE activity significantly compared to the DFP group. Neurobion caused a significant increase in the GSH level (p < 0.05). No significant change was seen in MDA. It is suggested that neurobion should be added and used in the first aid equipment and techniques for exposure to organophosphorus compounds, e.g. pesticides and chemical warfare.
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Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (DXM), a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, also has neuroprotective effects. However, its effect on impaired peripheral nerve regeneration has not been studied. Materials and Methods Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (control SHAM), group 2 (sciatic nerve injury + normal saline), and group 3 (sciatic nerve injury + DXM). The rats of group 3 were subdivided into the following three groups: DXM 0.5, 6, and 20 μg·kg−1 (groups 3A, 3B, and 3C, resp.). The sciatic nerve injury was assessed for nerve regeneration at 2 and 6 weeks. Results There were no differences between groups 2 and 3 in their sciatic functional index (SFI) values or histological findings at 2 weeks postinjury. However, SFI differences were statistically significant at 6 weeks postinjury in group 3. The gross findings with H&E staining showed that the number of axons was higher in group 3 than in group 2. There was no histological difference according to the DXM concentration. Conclusion The coincidental functional and histological assessment results of this study suggest that DXM for 6 weeks positively affects damaged peripheral nerves.
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Horasanli B, Hasturk AE, Arikan M, Togral G, Helvacioglu F, Dagdeviren A, Mut S, Harman F, Argun G. Comparative evaluation of the electrophysiological, functional and ultrastructural effects of alpha lipoic acid and cyanocobalamin administration in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2017; 30:967-974. [PMID: 28968230 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-150386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are known to promote functional and morphological recovery after peripheral nerve injury. OBJECTIVE To compare the regenerative and neuroprotective effects of vitamin B12 and ALA treatment after sciatic nerve injury. METHODS A total of 40 rats were randomly assigned to control (sciatic nerve exposure without injury or anastomosis), sham (sciatic nerve injury and epineural anastomosis were performed but no treatment was administered), PS (isotonic saline was administered for 12 weeks after surgery), ALA (2 mg/kg ALA was administered for 12 weeks after surgery), and vitamin B12 groups (2 mg/kg cyanocobalamin was administered for 12 weeks after surgery). Functional recovery was determined by footprint analysis, in vivo neurophysiology, and ex vivo histopathological examination. RESULTS ALA treatment produced significant improvements in sciatic functional index values and non-significant improvements on electroneuromyography compared to vitamin B12 treatment. Upon histopathological examination, the regenerative effects of ALA were relevant to axonal structural recovery whereas vitamin B12 produced greater improvements in edema and myelination. CONCLUSIONS While both vitamin B12 and ALA produced improvements after sciatic nerve injury, ALA was more functionally effective. The unique ultrastructural effects of vitamin B12 and ALA treatment should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Askin Esen Hasturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Arikan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Guray Togral
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Helvacioglu
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Dagdeviren
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Senem Mut
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Harman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Guldeniz Argun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Bremer J, Skinner J, Granato M. A small molecule screen identifies in vivo modulators of peripheral nerve regeneration in zebrafish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178854. [PMID: 28575069 PMCID: PMC5456414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult vertebrates have retained the ability to regenerate peripheral nerves after injury, although regeneration is frequently incomplete, often leading to functional impairments. Small molecule screens using whole organisms have high potential to identify biologically relevant targets, yet currently available assays for in vivo peripheral nerve regeneration are either very laborious and/or require complex technology. Here we take advantage of the optical transparency of larval zebrafish to develop a simple and fast pectoral fin removal assay that measures peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Twenty-four hours after fin amputation we observe robust and stereotyped nerve regrowth at the fin base. Similar to laser mediated nerve transection, nerve regrowth after fin amputation requires Schwann cells and FGF signaling, confirming that the fin amputation assay identifies pathways relevant for peripheral nerve regeneration. From a library of small molecules with known targets, we identified 21 compounds that impair peripheral nerve regeneration. Several of these compounds target known regulators of nerve regeneration, further validating the fin removal assay. Twelve of the identified compounds affect targets not previously known to control peripheral nerve regeneration. Using a laser-mediated nerve transection assay we tested ten of those compounds and confirmed six of these compounds to impair peripheral nerve regeneration: an EGFR inhibitor, a glucocorticoid, prostaglandin D2, a retinoic acid agonist, an inhibitor of calcium channels and a topoisomerase I inhibitor. Thus, we established a technically simple assay to rapidly identify valuable entry points into pathways critical for vertebrate peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Bremer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julianne Skinner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Bhatnagar D, Bushman JS, Murthy NS, Merolli A, Kaplan HM, Kohn J. Fibrin glue as a stabilization strategy in peripheral nerve repair when using porous nerve guidance conduits. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:79. [PMID: 28389905 PMCID: PMC5384961 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Porous conduits provide a protected pathway for nerve regeneration, while still allowing exchange of nutrients and wastes. However, pore sizes >30 µm may permit fibrous tissue infiltration into the conduit, which may impede axonal regeneration. Coating the conduit with Fibrin Glue (FG) is one option for controlling the conduit's porosity. FG is extensively used in clinical peripheral nerve repair, as a tissue sealant, filler and drug-delivery matrix. Here, we compared the performance of FG to an alternative, hyaluronic acid (HA) as a coating for porous conduits, using uncoated porous conduits and reverse autografts as control groups. The uncoated conduit walls had pores with a diameter of 60 to 70 µm that were uniformly covered by either FG or HA coatings. In vitro, FG coatings degraded twice as fast as HA coatings. In vivo studies in a 1 cm rat sciatic nerve model showed FG coating resulted in poor axonal density (993 ± 854 #/mm2), negligible fascicular area (0.03 ± 0.04 mm2), minimal percent wet muscle mass recovery (16 ± 1 in gastrocnemius and 15 ± 5 in tibialis anterior) and G-ratio (0.73 ± 0.01). Histology of FG-coated conduits showed excessive fibrous tissue infiltration inside the lumen, and fibrin capsule formation around the conduit. Although FG has been shown to promote nerve regeneration in non-porous conduits, we found that as a coating for porous conduits in vivo, FG encourages scar tissue infiltration that impedes nerve regeneration. This is a significant finding considering the widespread use of FG in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatnagar
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jared S Bushman
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Ave Dept. 3375, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Antonio Merolli
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hilton M Kaplan
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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A 3D-engineered porous conduit for peripheral nerve repair. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46038. [PMID: 28401914 PMCID: PMC5388843 DOI: 10.1038/srep46038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
End-to-end neurorrhaphy is the most commonly used method for treating peripheral nerve injury. However, only 50% of patients can regain useful function after treating with neurorrhaphy. Here, we constructed a 3D-engineered porous conduit to promote the function recovery of the transected peripheral nerve after neurorrhaphy. The conduit that consisted of a gelatin cryogel was prepared by molding with 3D-printed moulds. Due to its porous structure and excellent mechanical properties, this conduit could be collapsed by the mechanical force and resumed its original shape after absorption of normal saline. This shape-memory property allowed a simply surgery process for installing the conduits. Moreover, the biodegradable conduit could prevent the infiltration of fibroblasts and reduce the risk of scar tissue, which could provide an advantageous environment for nerve regeneration. The efficiency of the conduits in assisting peripheral nerve regeneration after neurorrhaphy was evaluated in a rat sciatic nerve transected model. Results indicated that conduits significantly benefitted the recovery of the transected peripheral nerve after end-to-end neurorrhaphy on the static sciatic index (SSI), electrophysiological results and the re-innervation of the gastrocnemius muscle. This work demonstrates a biodegradable nerve conduit that has potentially clinical application in promoting the neurorrhaphy.
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Gao W, Tong D, Li Q, Huang P, Zhang F. Dexamethasone promotes regeneration of crushed inferior alveolar nerve by inhibiting NF-κB activation in adult rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:101-109. [PMID: 28412609 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which is closely related to inflammation, has become a topic of interest for research. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (Dex), an inhibitor of NF-κB, on inferior alveolar nerve injury in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crushed inferior alveolar model is established in Wistar rats and they are randomly divided into three groups according to treatment: pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), dexamethasone (Dex), and saline (physiological saline). After treatment, the rats are respectively sacrificed at 3, 7, and 14d, and inferior alveolar nerves are extracted for histochemical and western blot analysis. RESULT Compared with the PDTC and saline groups, nerve fibers in the Dex group are regularly arranged with few vacuoles, which is similar to normal inferior alveolar nerves. Immunofluorescent results show significantly decreased NF-κB expression in the Dex group. Western bolt shows higher expression of GAP-43 and lower expression of NF-κB. CONCLUSION Taken together, all results show that dexamethasone significantly improved the regeneration of crushed inferior alveolar nerves by inhibiting NF-κB activation in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua-West Road 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua-West Road 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua-West Road 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- QILU Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua-West Road 44-2, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Fenghe Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua-West Road 44-1, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Chen Q, Li C, Gong Z, Chan ECY, Snyder SA, Lam SH. Common deregulated gene expression profiles and morphological changes in developing zebrafish larvae exposed to environmental-relevant high to low concentrations of glucocorticoids. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:429-439. [PMID: 28092764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids have been detected in environmental waters and their biological potency have raised concerns of their impact on aquatic vertebrates especially fish. In this study, developing zebrafish larvae exposed to representative glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone) at 50 pM to 50 nM from 3 h post-fertilisation to 5 days post-fertilisation were investigated. Microarray analysis identified 1255, 1531, and 2380 gene probes, which correspondingly mapped to 660, 882 and 1238 human/rodent homologs, as deregulated by dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone, respectively. A total of 248 gene probes which mapped to 159 human/rodent homologs were commonly deregulated by the three glucocorticoids. These homologs were associated with over 20 molecular functions from cell cycle to cellular metabolisms, and were involved in the development and function of connective tissue, nervous, haematological, and digestive systems. Glucocorticoid receptor signalling, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and RAR signalling were among the top perturbed canonical pathways. Morphological analyses using four transgenic zebrafish lines revealed that the hepatic and endothelial-vascular systems were affected by all three glucocorticoids while nervous, pancreatic and myeloid cell systems were affected by one of them. Quantitative real-time PCR detected significant change in the expression of seven genes at 50 pM of all three glucocorticoids, a concentration comparable to total glucocorticoids reported in environmental waters. Three genes (cry2b, fbxo32, and klhl38b) responded robustly to all glucocorticoid concentrations tested. The common deregulated genes with the associated biological processes and morphological changes can be used for biological inference of glucocorticoid exposure in fish for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Siew Hong Lam
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Kretschmar A, Kaiser M, Brehm W, Starke A. [Peripheral limb pareses in cattle. Part 2: Diagnostics, prognosis and therapy]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2017; 45:47-59. [PMID: 28116416 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-160453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This two-part review presents an overview of peripheral-limb pareses in cattle, which represent the most frequent bovine neurologic disorder and are mostly caused by trauma of specific peripheral nerves. Occurrence, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy are presented. The second part of the review describes neuroanatomical details important for diagnostics, localization of the neuronal lesion within the lower motor neuron and classification of the grade of peripheral-nerve injury. Furthermore additional diagnostic tools are presented and prognosis, therapy and prevention of peripheral limb pareses in cattle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kretschmar
- Anne Kretschmar, Funktionseinheit Klauentiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, E-Mail:
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Zhang L, Yang W, Tao K, Song Y, Xie H, Wang J, Li X, Shuai X, Gao J, Chang P, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Sustained Local Release of NGF from a Chitosan-Sericin Composite Scaffold for Treating Chronic Nerve Compression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3432-3444. [PMID: 28032743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic nerve compression (CNC), a common form of peripheral nerve injury, always leads to chronic peripheral nerve pain and dysfunction. Current available treatments for CNC are ineffective as they usually aim to alleviate symptoms at the acute phase with limited capability toward restoring injured nerve function. New approaches for effective recovery of CNC injury are highly desired. Here we report for the first time a tissue-engineered approach for the repair of CNC. A genipin cross-linked chitosan-sericin 3D scaffold for delivering nerve growth factor (NGF) was designed and fabricated. This scaffold combines the advantages of both chitosan and sericin, such as high porosity, adjustable mechanical properties and swelling ratios, the ability of supporting Schwann cells growth, and improving nerve regeneration. The degradation products of the composite scaffold upregulate the mRNA levels of the genes important for facilitating nerve function recovery, including glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), early growth response 2 (EGR2), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in Schwann cells, while down-regulating two inflammatory genes' mRNA levels in macrophages, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Importantly, our tissue-engineered strategy achieves significant nerve functional recovery in a preclinical CNC animal model by decreasing neuralgia, improving nerve conduction velocity (NCV), accelerating microstructure restoration, and attenuating gastrocnemius muscles dystrophy. Together, this work suggests a promising clinical alternative for treating chronic peripheral nerve compression injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Wen Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Yu Song
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Hongjian Xie
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Xiaoming Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Panpan Chang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Jiefang Avenue 1277, Wuhan, China 430022
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China 430022
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Ganguly A, McEwen C, Troy EL, Colburn RW, Caggiano AO, Schallert TJ, Parry TJ. Recovery of sensorimotor function following sciatic nerve injury across multiple rat strains. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 275:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sesame oil improves functional recovery by attenuating nerve oxidative stress in a mouse model of acute peripheral nerve injury: role of Nrf-2. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:102-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Li H, Zhang L, Xu M. Dexamethasone prevents vascular damage in early-stage non-freezing cold injury of the sciatic nerve. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:163-7. [PMID: 26981107 PMCID: PMC4774212 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.175064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-freezing cold injury is a prevalent cause of peripheral nerve damage, but its pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood, and treatment remains inadequate. Glucocorticoids have anti-inflammatory and lipid peroxidation-inhibiting properties. We therefore examined whether dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid compound, would alleviate early-stage non-freezing cold injury of the sciatic nerve. We established Wistar rat models of non-freezing cold injury by exposing the left sciatic nerve to cold (3–5°C) for 2 hours, then administered dexamethasone (3 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to half of the models. One day after injury, the concentration of Evans blue tracer in the injured sciatic nerve of rats that received dexamethasone was notably lower than that in the injured sciatic nerve of rats that did not receive dexamethasone; neither Evans blue dye nor capillary stenosis was observed in the endoneurium, but myelinated nerve fibers were markedly degenerated in the injured sciatic nerve of animals that received dexamethasone. After dexamethasone administration, however, endoneurial vasculopathy was markedly improved, although damage to the myelinated nerve fiber was not alleviated. These findings suggest that dexamethasone protects the blood-nerve barrier, but its benefit in non-freezing cold injury is limited to the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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